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v-/  , 


receipt  of  this  volume.) 


GEOLOGICAL    SURVEY    OF    MISSOURI 

ri 

RAPHAEL  PUMPELLY,  DIRECTOR 


PRELIMINARY    REPORT 


ON   THE 


IRON  ORES  AND  COAL  FIELDS 


FROM   THE 


FIELD    WORK    OF    1872 

With  190  Illustrations  in  the  Text  and  an  Atlas 


PRINTED  BY  AUTHORITY  OF  THE  LEGISLATURE  OF  MISSOURI 


UNDER   THE   DIRECTION   OF   THE 


BUREAU    OF    GEOLOGY    AND     MINES. 


NEW    YORK 

JULIUS     BIEN 

1873- 


EARTH 

SCIENCES 
LIBRARY 


TABLE    OF    ERRATA. 

I.,  p.  40,  41,  for  Mr.  Otto  Worth,  read  Mr.  Otto  Wuth. 

I.,  p.  122,  for  Big  Bogg  Mountain,  read  Big  Bogy  Mountain. 

I.,  p.  125,  154,  157,   160,  165,  167,  174,  183,  for  Chapter  V.,  read  Chapter  VI. 

I.,  p.  179,  for  Chapter  IV.,  read  Chapter  VI. 

I.,  p.    160,  for  Chapter  IV.,  read  Chapter  V. 


OFFICE  OF  THE  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY, 

ST.  Louis,  April,  1873. 

To  the  President  and  Members   of  the  Bureau  of   Geology   and 

Mines. 

GENTLEMEN  : — I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  to  you  herewith 
reports  of  the  work  of  the  Geological  Survey  during  the  season  of 
1872.  Entering  upon  the  duties  of  Chief  Geologist  in  the  Spring 
of  that  year,  the  larger  portion  of  my  time  had  necessarily  to  be 
devoted  to  the  organization  of  field  and  office  corps,  to  the  pre- 
paration of  the  plans  of  the  survey  and  its  administrative  work. 
But  little  opportunity  was  left  me,  during  the  brief  tenure  of 
my  office,  to  engage  in  scientific  investigations,  and  the  ill-health 
which  compelled  me  to  tender  to  you  my  resignation,  has  also 
prevented  me  from  making  those  final  observations  in  the  field, 
requisite  to  a  report  on  the  general  Geology,  and  more  especially 
on  the  Iron  Deposits,  of  the  Porphyry  region  of  the  State. 

I  have,  therefore,  been  obliged  to  limit  my  remarks  on  that 
District  to  a  somewhat  fragmentary  discussion  of  the  questions 
involved,  leaving  untouched  many  important  points  for  want  of  a 
few  connecting  facts. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  Gentlemen, 
Your  obedient  servant, 

RAPHAEL  PUMPELLY, 

Director  Geological  Survey. 


GEOLOGICAL    SURVEY 


OF 


MISSOURI. 


IN  1849,  a  Memorial  was  presented  to  the  i5th  General  Assembly, 
signed  by  Falkland  H.  Martin,  Sol,  D.  Caruthers,  Saml.  T.  Glover, 
W.  G.  Minor  and  De  Witt  C.  Ballou,  setting  forth  the  advantages 
to  be  derived  from  a  geological  survey  of  the  State,  and  urging 
liberal  appropriations  therefor.  In  their  Memorial  they  stated  in 
detail,  what  should  be  required  in  connection  with  such  a  survey, 
making  it  incumbent  to  show,  by  descriptions  and  maps,  all  the 
various  features  of  surface-configuration  ;  to  investigate  the  causes 
affecting  health ;  the  agricultural  capacity  of  the  various  soils  ;  to 
describe  the  water-courses  and  water-powers  ;  to  analyze  the  waters 
of  the  springs  and  to  -give  full  descriptions  of  the  rock-formations 
and  analyses  of  minerals. 

But  it  was  not  until  the  session  of  1852-53  that  a  "  Geological 
Survey  "  was  really  inaugurated. 

On  April  12,  1853,  Prof.  G.  C.  Swallow  was  appointed  "State 
Geologist,"  and  began  work  in  May. 

The  First  Annual  Report  of  Progress  (4  pages)  and  the  Second 
Annual  Report  (in  two  parts,  respectively  207  pages  and  239  pages) 
were  published  together  in  one  volume  in  1854. 

The  Third  Annual  Report  of  Progress  (6  pages)  was  printed  in 
1857;  the  Fourth  (14  pages)  in  1859;  and  the  Fifth  (19  pages) 
in  1861. 

The  Second  Annual  Report  contains  a  preliminary  discussion  of 
the  general  geology  of  the  State  ;  reports  on  five  counties — St. 
Louis,  Franklin,  Moniteau,  Cooper  and  Marion  ;  and  a  report  on 
the  then  more  important  mineral  resources.  The  other  annual  re- 
ports are  statements  of  progress. 

During  the  period  which  intervened  between  the  publication  of 


viii  PREFACE. 

the  Second  Report  and  the  stopping  of  the  Survey  in  1861,  a  large 
portion  of  the  State  had  been  visited  by  members  of  the  corps,  and 
full  reports  were  written  on  the  following  counties  :  Cape  Girar- 
deau,  Perry,  St.  Genevieve,  Jefferson,  Crawford,  Phelps,  Pulaski, 
Laclede,  Wright,  Ozark  (including  Douglas),  Clark,  Morgan,  Miller, 
Saline,  Chariton,  Macon,  Randolph,  Shelby,  Osage  and  Maries. 

The  gentlemen  connected  with  the  Survey  under  Prof.  Swallow, 
from  its  beginning  to  the  suspension  in  1861,  were,  Dr.  A.  Litton, 
1853-1861  ;  Dr.  J.  G.  Norwood,  1858-1861;  F.  B.  Meek,  1855; 
Dr.  B.  F.  Shumard,  1853-1858;  G.  C.  Broadhead,  1857-1861; 
Henry  Engelman,  1857;  Edwin  Harrison,  1858;  Dr.  John  Locke, 
1860;  C.  G.  Wheeler,  1860;  P.  C.  Swallow,  1857-1861  ;  F.  Hawn, 
1854;  W.  Hough,  1857;  R.  B.  Price,  draftsman,  1853-1858;  H. 
A.  Ulffers,  draftsman,  1854  and  1860. 

After  the  Survey  had  been  discontinued,  the  Legislature  author- 
ized L.  D.  Morse  and  G.  C.  Swallow  to  publish  all  the  results  of 
the  work  of  the  previous  seven  years  ;  but  the  project  was  aban- 
doned on  account  of  the  expense. 

In  1870  the  Legislature  passed  an  act  organizing  a  Mining  Bureau, 
to  be  composed  of  the  Governor  and  nine  members,  one  from  each 
congressional  district.  Upon  this  Board  was  conferred  the  power 
of  appointing  the  geologist.  Under  that  law  Albert  D.  Hagerwas 
appointed  State  Geologist,  and  held  the  position  until  the  end  of 
August,  1871.  Mr.  Hager  published  one  Report  of  Progress. 

The  law  was  amended  March  18,  1871,  and  the  Board  made  to 
consist  of  four  members  besides  the  Governor.  Dr.  Norwood  re- 
mained temporarily  in  charge  of  Survey  from  September  I,  1871, 
until  my  appointment  in  November,  1871.  Under  Dr.  Norwood, 
G.  C.  Broadhead  was  appointed  assistant,  and  C.  M.  Litton  sub- 
assistant. 

I  was  appointed  State  Geologist  on  the  25th  November,  1871. 
The  law  concerning  the  Survey  at  that  time  was  as  follows  : — 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  a  "  Bureau  of  Geology  and  Mines,"  to  complete  the 
Geological  Survey  of  the  State  of  Missouri. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Missouri,  as  follows  : — 

SECTION  i .  There  is  hereby  created  and  established  a  Bureau  of  Geology  and 
Mines  for  the  State  of  Missouri,  which  shall  be  under  the  direction  and  in  charge 
of  a  board  of  managers,  which  shall  consist  of  the  Governor,  who  shall  be  presi- 


PREFACE.  ix 

dent  of  the  board,  and  four  citizens  from  the  State  at  large,  who  shall  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  Governor,  shall  hold  their  office  for  the  term  of  two  years,  and 
until  their  successors  are  appointed  and  qualified. 

SEC.  2.  As  soon  as  the  board  of  managers  is  organized,  as  provided  in  the 
preceding  section,  the  present  State  Geologist  may  appoint,  subject  to  the  ap- 
proval of  the  board  of  managers,  one  assistant  paleontologist  and  geologist  and 
one  assistant  chemist,  to  assist  him  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties  ;  and  said  State 
Geologist  may  employ  such  subordinates  and  laborers  as  may  be  deemed  neces- 
sary by  the  board;  provided,  the  whole  expenditure  of  the  board  shall  not 
exceed  the  sum  hereinafter  appropriated. 

SEC.  3.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  State  Geologist  and  his  assistants,  under 
the  instructions  and  directions  of  the  board  of  managers,  to  carry  on  and  com- 
plete the  geological  survey  of  the  State  already  begun,  with  a  view  to  determine 
the  order,  succession,  arrangement,  relation,  position,  dip  or  inclination  and 
comparative  magnitude  of  the  several  strata  or  geological  formations  within  this 
State,  and  to  discover  and  examine  all  beds  or  deposits  of  ore,  coal,  marls,  and 
such  other  mineral  substances  and  mineral  waters  as  may  be  useful  or  valuable, 
make  full  and  complete  examinations,  assays  and  analyses  of  such  rocks,  clays, 
marls,  ores,  and  other  substances  as  may  indicate  useful  results,  and  to  perform 
such  other  duties  as  may  be  necessary  to  make  a  full  and  complete  geological 
and  mineralogical  survey  of  the  State. 

SEC.  4.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  State  Geologist  to  make,  or  cause  to  be 
made,  a  detailed  report  of  -each  county,  as  soon  as  the  survey  thereof  shall  be 
completed ;  each  county  report  shall  be  accompanied  by  an  accurate  map  and 
section  of  the  county,  on  which  shall  be  represented,  by  colors  and  other  appro- 
priate means,  the  various  areas  occupied  by  the  prairie,  timber,  and  bottom 
lands,  and  by  the  different  geological  formations  in  the  State,  and  to  mark 
thereon  the  localities  of  the  respective  beds  or  deposits  of  the  various  mineral 
substances  discovered  ;  and  on  the  completion  of  the  survey  of  the  State  he  shall 
make  a  complete  report  of  the  geology  and  mineralogy  of  each  county,  compris- 
ing a  full  account  of  the  discoveries  made  ;  and  each  of  such  reports  shall  be 
delivered  to  the  board  of  managers  as  soon  as  completed. 

SEC.  5.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  State  Geologist  to  collect,  in  triplicate,  all 
rocks,  ores,  coals,  fossils,  and  such  other  mineral  substances  discovered  as  may 
be  necessary  to  form  a  complete  cabinet  collection  of  the  geology  and  mineralogy 
of  the  State. 

SEC.  6.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  board  of  managers  to  report  to  the  General 
Assembly,  on  the  first  week  of  each  session,  the  progress  and  condition  of  the 
survey,  a  detailed  account  of  all  moneys  spent,  and  all  such  reports  of  the  State 
Geologist  and  his  assistants  as  have  been  completed,  together  with  all  such 
information  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  and  useful. 

SEC.  7.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  said  board  to  collect  and  take  possession  of  all 
materials  accumulated  by  the  previous  surveys,  whether  reports,  maps,  sections, 
collections,  instruments  or  other  property  belonging  to  the  State  ;  and  all  per- 


x  PREFACE. 

sons  now  in  possession  of  the  same  shall  deliver  them  up  to  the  order  of  the 
president  of  the  board  of  managers. 

SEC.  8.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  board  to  determine,  as  far  as  may  be,  what 
work  has  been  done  by  each  one  employed  in  previous  surveys,  the  character  of 
the  work  done  by  each,  the  condition  of  such  work,  how  much  of  the  State  has 
been  actually  surveyed,  and  how  much  of  said  work  may  be  made  available  in 
completing  the  survey  of  the  State,  and  embody  the  same  in  their  first  report  to 
the  General  Assembly. 

SEC.  9.  The  board  may  make  such  by-laws  and  regulations  for  the  govern- 
ment and  control  of  its  own  meetings,  and  the  labors  of  the  State  Geologist  and 
his  assistants,  as  may  be  deemed  necessary ;  it  may  appoint  officers  and  com- 
mittees to  audit  and  allow  accounts  and  look  after  particular  departments  of  the 
work,  and  discharge  such  other  duties  as  may  be  necessary  to  carry  on  the 
objects  of  this  bureau. 

SEC.  10.  As  a  full  compensation  for  the  members  of  the  board  of  managers, 
they  shall  be  allowed  their  necessary  expenses  while  attending  to  the  duties 
assigned  them  by  this  act.  The  board  shall  fix  the  salaries  of  the  State  Geolo- 
gist, not  to  exceed  three  thousand  dollars,  and  his  assistants,  which  shall  not 
exceed  two  thousand  dollars  per  annum  of  actual  service,  and  of  all  others  em- 
ployed in  the  work  of  the  survey. 

SEC.  1 1.  All  accounts  for  salaries  and  expenses  shall  be  made  under  oath,  and 
certified  by  the  board  and  filed  with  the  Auditor  of  the  State,  and  the  pay  of  the 
State  Geologist  and  his  assistants  shall  be  made  out  of  the  appropriation  made 
for  civil  officers  of  the  State. 

SEC.  12.  The  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars  is  hereby  annually  appropriated 
out  of  any  money  in  the  treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  to  defray  the  inci- 
dental expenses  of  the  bureau  created  by  this  act,  and  the  geological  survey, 
and  no  more  than  this  amount  shall  be  thus  expended  in  any  one  year. 

SEC.  13.  The  board  of  managers  shall  have  the  general  management  of  the 
survey,  and  have  full  power  to  remove  the  State  Geologist  or  any  of  his  assist- 
ants and  appoint  their  successors  when  deemed  necessary  for  the  good  of  the 
work  entrusted  to  them. 

SEC.  14.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  board  to  cause  the  geological  collections 
made  previous  to  the  year  1870,  to  be  distributed  in  accordance  with  the  laws 
under  which  those  collections  were  made,  except  the  one  collected  for  the  State 
Capitol,  which  shall  be  given  to  the  School  of  Mines  and  Metallurgy ;  and  all 
subsequent  collections  made  in  triplicate  shall  be  given,  one  suit  to  the  State 
University,  one  to  the  State  School  of  Mines  and  Metallurgy,  and  one  to  the 
city  of  St.  Louis,  which  shall  be  deposited  by  the  authorities  of  that  city  in  some 
institution  for  the  advancement  of  science  or  general  education. 

SEC.  1 5.  The  president  of  the  board  shall,  from  time  to  time,  certify  to  the 
State  Auditor  the  sums  of  money  required  to  pay  the  salaries  of  the  State  Geolo- 
gist and  his  assistants,  and  for  the  incidental  expenses  of  the  bureau  ;  and  on 
receiving  such  certificates,  the  Auditor  of  State  shall  draw  his  warrant  on  the 
Treasurer  of  the  State  for  the  requisite  amounts  in  favor  of  the  parties  and  per- 


PREFACE.  xi 

sons  entitled  to  receive  the  same,  and  shall  charge  the  several  sums  so  paid  to 
the  account  of  the  proper  appropriation. 

SEC.  1 6.  The  entire  expenses  of  carrying  out  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall 
not  exceed,  in  any  year,  the  sum  often  thousand  ($10,000)  dollars. 

SEC.  17.  The  State  Geologist  and  his  assistant,  before  entering  upon  the  dis- 
charge of  their  duties,  shall  each  take  an  oath  before  some  officer  of  this  State 
qualified  to  administer  oaths,  that  they  will  honestly,  faithfully,  and  fairly  per- 
form all  the  duties  required  of  them  by  this  act,  to  the  best  of  their  ability,  and 
that  they  will  not  permit  any  person  to  have  access  to  any  of  their  books  or 
papers,  or  communicate  their  contents  to  any  person  or  persons,  and  that  they 
will  not  disclose  or  make  public  any  mine  or  valuable  deposit,  other  than  in 
their  official  reports  (except  to  the  owner  or  owners  of  the  land  surveyed),  and 
that  they  will  abstain  from  all  speculations  in  their  own  behalf,  or  in  the  behalf 
of  others,  during  the  progress  of  such  survey  and  in  relation  thereto. 

SEC.  1 8.  An  act  entitled  an  act  to  establish  a  Mining,  Metallurgical,  and 
Geological  Bureau  for  the  State  of  Missouri,  and  to  provide  for  its  support  and 
management,  and  to  authorize  a  geological  survey,  approved  March  24,  1870, 
and  all  other  acts  and  parts  of  acts  inconsistent  with  this  act,  are  hereby 
repealed. 

SEC.  19.  This  act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  force  from  and  after  its  passage. 

Approved  March  18,  1871. 

At  the  end  of  March,  1872,  this  act  was  amended  in  the  follow- 
ing manner  : — 

AN  ACT  to  amend  Sees.  2, 11,  and  12  of  an  act  entitled  An  Act  to  provide  for  a 
Bureau  of  Geology  and  Mines,  to  complete  the  Geological  Survey  of  the 
State  of  Missouri,  and  to  repeal  Sec.  16  of  said  Act. 

SECTION  r.  Sec.  2  of  said  act  is  hereby  amended  so  as  to  read  as  follows  : 
Sec.  2. — The  board  of  managers  are  authorized  to  appoint  one  State  Geologist, 
and,  upon  the  nomination  by  the  State  Geologist  (which  nomination  shall  be 
made  within  sixty  days  after  his  appointment),  one  assistant  palaeontologist  and 
geologist,  one  analytic  chemist  and  one  assistant  chemist  :  and  said  geologist 
may  employ  such  additional  subordinates  and  laborers  as  may  be  deemed  ne- 
cessary by  the  board. 

SEC.  2.  Sec.  ii  is  hereby  amended  so  as  to  read  as  follows  :  Sec.  n.  All 
accounts  for  salaries  and  expenses  shall  be  made  under  oath,  and  certified  by 
the  board  and  filed  with  the  Auditor  of  State. 

SEC.  3.  Sec.  12  is  hereby  amended  so  as  to  read  as  follows  :  Sec  12.  The 
sum  of  20,000  dollars  is  hereby  appropriated  annually  out  of  any  money  in 
the  treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  to  pay  the  salaries  and  incidental  ex- 
penses of  the  bureau  created  by  this  act,  and  of  the  Geological  Survey ;  and 
the  expenditure  in  connection  with  the  same  shall  not  in  any  event  exceed  the 
appropriation  herein  designated  and  set  apart  for  that  purpose. 

SEC.  4.  Sec.  16  is  hereby  repealed. 


xii  PREFACE. 

SEC.  5.  This  act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  force  from  and  after  its 
passage. 

The  organization  of  the  Survey  was  as  follows  :— 

Board  of  Managers, 

Governor  B.  GRATZ  BROWN,  ex-officio  President,  1872. 

Governor  SlLAS  WOODSON,  ex-officio  President,  1873. 
MR.  EDWIN  HARRISON,  MR.  FORREST  SHEPHERD, 

PROF.  SYLVESTER  WATERHOUSE,       GEN.  J.  H.  HAMMOND. 

The  two  last-named  gentlemen  resigned  during  the  summer,  and 
their  places  were  filled  by 

HON.  A.  W.  MEYERS,        HON.  L.  A.  BROWN. 
Mr.  A.  A.  BLAIR  was  appointed  as  Secretary  of  the  Board. 

State  Geologist, 
RAPHAEL  PUMPELLY. 

Assistants, 

MR.  G.  C.  BROADHEAD,  DR.  ADOLF  SCHMIDT. 

MR.  REGIS  CHAUVENET,  Chemist.  MR.  W.  E.  GUY, 
PROF.  W.  B.  POTTER,  MR.  C.  J.  NORWOOD, 

MR.  J.  R.  GAGE,  MR.  ALEXANDER  LEONHARD. 

At  different  times  during  the  year  the  following  gentlemen  were 
employed :  J.  Pumpelly,  in  charge  of  the  triangulation  in  Iron  Coun- 
ty ;  P.  N.  Moore,  in  magnetic  observations;  F.  Tunica,  topographer; 
C.  Gayler  and  B.  Vitzthum  v.  Eckstadt,  draftsmen.  W.  Bartlett, 
T.  J.  Caldwell,  T.  A.  Minor,  A.  J.  Pills,  A.  Hoeber,  M.  F.  Healy. 

Considering  the  fact,  that  Missouri  presents  both  considerable 
diversity  in  regard  to  its  rock-formations,  and  a  wide  range  of  ex- 
tensively developed  mineral  resources,  it  appeared  desirable  to 
organize  the  new  Survey  in  such  a  manner,  that,  while  the  general 
and  stratigraphical  geology  of  the  State  should  be  studied  by  com- 
petent geologists,  the  study  of  the  distribution  and  manner  of 
occurrence  of  the  various  important  mineral  resources  should  be 
entrusted  to  two  or  three  departments,  in  charge,  respectively,  of 
men  whose  previous  experience  should  prove  them  to  be  specially 
adapted  to  this  difficult  work. 


'  PREFACE.  xiii 

Conformably  with  this  plan,  the  survey  of  the  general  and  strati- 
graphical  geology  was  divided  into  five  departments,  viz.  : — 
Survey  of  the  North-west. 
South-west. 
"  North-east. 

South-east. 

Porphyry  region  of  the  South-east. 

That  portion  of  the  survey  relating  to  Economic  Geology  was 
divided  into  three  departments,  viz.: — 

Department  of  Iron-Ores  and  Iron-Metallurgy. 
"  Ores  other  than  Iron. 

"  Fuels  and  Construction    Materials  other  than 

Iron  and  Wood. 

During  the  past  year  Mr.  Broadhead,  assisted  by  Mr.  Norwood, 
has  studied  the  general  geology  of  the  north-west. 

In  the  north-east,  Prof.  Potter,  assisted  by  Mr.  Leonhard,  sur- 
veyed Lincoln  County. 

In  the  porphyry  region  of  the  south-east,  I  began  work  in  May, 
assisted  by  Mr.  Gage  and  Mr.  Guy. 

In  July,  the  Pilot  Knob  Iron  Company  requested  the  Geological 
Survey  to  make,  at  the  expense  of  the  company,  an  examination 
and  a  topographical  map  of  their  lands,  which  occupy  a  large  part 
of  four  townships.  As  these  townships  contain  the  key  to  the 
geology  of  the  porphyry  district,  the  offer  of  the  company  was 
accepted.  At  the  end  of  the  season,  a  considerable  portion  of  the 
district  had  been  surveyed,  and  a  map  of  Pilot  Knob  and  vicinity 
(Plate  I.  of  the  Atlas),  embracing  about  twenty-four  square  miles, 
had  been  drawn. 

In  the  department  of  Economic  Geology,  Dr.  Schmidt  was  en- 
gaged in  studying  the  distribution  and  mode  of  occurrence  of  the 
iron-ores,  and  the  condition  and  experience  of  the  iron-metallurgy 
of  the  State.  Dr.  Schmidt  was  appointed  to  this  important  position 
because  of  his  extensive  experience,  obtained  first  as  director  of 
iron-works  in  Europe,  and  afterward  when  in  charge,  during  several 
years,  of  the  scientific  department  of  an  extensive  Bessemer  steel 
establishment. 

In  the  department  of  Economic  Geology,  important  work  has 
also  been  accomplished  in  the  analyses  of  coals  by  Mr.  Chauvenet, 
and  of  iron-ores  by  Mr.  A.  A.  Blair,  and  by  Dr.  Wendel,  of  Troy. 


xiv  PREFACE. 

During  1873,  in  the  department  of  Economic  Geology,  especial 
attention  will  be  given  to  the  study  of  the  distribution  and  modes 
of  occurrence  of  lead,  zinc,  nickel  and  other  ores,  while  the  study  of 
the  iron-ore  deposits  will  be  extended  beyond  the  fields  of  last 
season's  work. 

It  is  intended  to  begin  a  systematic  study  of  the  building  ma- 
terials of  the  State,  as  soon  as  a  sufficiently  large  amount  of  material 
shall  have  accumulated  to  justify  the  employment  of  a  specially 
qualified  assistant,  and  the  establishment  of  a  laboratory  for  the 
experimental  tests.  In  this  connection,  the  report  of  Prof.  Smith 
(Appendix  A),  on  the  methods  and  results  of  the  extended  series 
of  tests  made  by  the  St.  Louis  Bridge  Company,  will  be  of 
interest. 

It  was  considered  desirable  to  publish  the  results  of  the  work  of 
the  Survey  of  1872,  and  the  hitherto  unpublished  results  of  the 
former  Surveys,  in  separate  volumes.  After  hearing  an  able  speech 
by  General  Rozier  favoring  the  bill,  the  Legislature  passed  an  act 
appropriating  $3,000  for  printing  the  reports  of  B.  F.  Shumard, 
F.  B.  Meek,  and  G.  C.  Broadhead,  made  to  Prof.  Swallow  previous 
to  1861,  and  $9,000  for  printing  the  report  on  work  done  in  1872. 
The  printing  of  the  first-mentioned  work  was  undertaken  by 
Messrs.  Regan  &  Carter,  State  Printers,  at  Jefferson  City  ;  but  it 
was  found  that  the  large  number  of  maps  and  illustrations  in  the 
text  accompanying  the  report  of  1872,  rendered  it  impossible  to 
have  the  work  done  for  $9,000  by  any  western  house.  A  contract 
was  finally  made  with  Mr.  Julius  Bien,  of  New  York,  whose  exten- 
sive facilities  for  the  use  of  photo-lithographic  and  photo-relief  pro- 
cesses enabled  him  to  undertake  the  work.  In  justice  to  Mr. 
Bien,  it  should  be  added  that  he  has  exceeded  the  requirements 
of  the  specifications  in  several  of  the  most  costly  items. 

R.  P. 


CONTENTS. 


PART   I. 

PAGE 

CHAP.   I. — Notes  on  the  Geology  of  Pilot  Knob  and  its  Vicinity.     By  Raphael 

Pumpelly 5 

CHAP.   II. — Analyses  of  Fuels,  etc.     By  Regis  Chauvenet 31 

Analyses  of  Iron-Ores  and  Pig-irons.      By  A.  A.  Blair 39 

CHAP.   III. — The   Iron-Ores    of  Missouri. — A.   General  Distribution.      By  Adolf 

Schmidt,  Ph.D 45 

CHAP.   IV. — The  Iron-Ores   of  Missouri. — B.   General  Description.      By  Adolf 

Schmidt,  Ph.  D 50 

CHAP.  V. — The   Iron-Ores   of    Missouri. — C.    Modes   of  Occurrence   and   De- 
scription of  Deposits.     By  Adolf  Schmidt,  Ph.D 93 

a)  Deposits  of  Specular  Ore  in  Porphyry. 

b)  Deposits  of  Specular  Ore  in  Sandstone. 

c)  Disturbed  Deposits  of  Specular  Ore. 

d)  Drifted  Deposits  of  Specular  Ore. 

e)  Beds  of  Red  Hematite. 

f)  Disturbed  or  Drifted  Deposits  of  Red  Hematite. 

g)  Deposits  of  Limonite  on  Limestone. 

h)  Disturbed  or  Drifted  Deposits  of  Limonite. 
CHAP.   VI. — The   Iron-Ores   of  Missouri. — D.   List  of   Deposits  of  Iron-Ore  in 

Missouri.     By  Adolf  Schmidt,  Ph.D 193 


PART   II. 

CHAP.  I. — Area  and   Topographical    Features   of    the  Coal-Field.       By   G.    C. 

Broadhead 5 

CHAP.  II. — Lower  Coal-Measures.  By  G.  C.  Broadhead 1 1 

CHAP.  III.— Middle  Coal-Measures.  By  G.  C.  Broadhead 45 

CHAP.  IV.— Upper  Coal-Measures.  By  G..  C.  Broadhead 88 

CHAP.  V. — Economic  Geology  of  the  Coal-Measures.  By  G.  C.  Broadhead 135 

CHAP.  VI. — Geological  Report  on  the  Country  Adjacent  to  the  Pacific  Railroad, 

from  Sedalia  to  Kansas  City.  By  G.  C.  Broadhead 157 

CHAP.  VII. — Geology  of  Lincoln  County.  General  Geology.  By  W.  B.  Potter,  217 


xvi  Contents. 

• 

PAGE 

CHAP.   VIII. — Geology  of  Lincoln  County.     Economic  Geology.     By  W.  B.  Potter  263 

CHAP.   IX.  —  Geology  of  Livingston  County.     By  G.  C.  Broadhead 290 

CHAP.   X. — Geology  of  Clay  County.     By  G.  C.  Broadhead 317 

CHAP.   XL— Geology  of  Platte  County.     By  G.  C.  Broadhead 327 

CHAP.  XII. — Geology  of  Buchanan  County.     By  G.  C.  Broadhead 344 

CHAP.   XIII.— Geology  of  Holt  County.     By  G.  C.  Broadhead 359 

CHAP.   XIV.— Geology  of  Atchison  County.     By  G.  C.  Broadhead 376 

CHAP.   XV. — Geology  of  Nodaway  County.      By  G.  C.  Broadhead 388 

APPENDIX  A. 

Report  on  the  Strength  of  Building  Materials.     By  C.  A.  Smith 403 

APPENDIX  B. 

Notes  on  such  Rocks  of  Missouri  as  admit  of  a  fine  polish.     By  G.  C.  Broadhead. . .  414 

APPENDIX  C. 

List  of  Fossils  from  the  Coal-Measures.     By  C.  J.  Norwood 416 


PART    I 

GEOLOGY  OF  PILOT  KNOB  AND  ITS  VICINITY 

BY 

RAPHAEL   PUMPELLY 
ANALYSES   OF  IRON-ORES,   PIG-IRONS,   AND   FUELS 

BY 

REGIS  CHAUVENET  AND  A.  A.  BLAIR 
IRON-ORES  OF  MISSOURI 

BY 

ADOLF  SCHMIDT,  PH.D. 


CHAPTER   I. 

NOTES    ON   THE   GEOLOGY   OF    PILOT    KNOB   AND    ITS 

VICINITY. 

BY   RAPHAEL   PUMPELLY. 

THE  region  represented  on  the  topographical  map  of  Pilot  Knob 
and  its  vicinity  (PI.  I.,  Atlas)  consists  of  a  group  of  four  masses  of 
porphyry,  separated  from  each  other  by  valleys  of  the  lowest  Silu- 
rian Limestone  known  in  Iron  County.  The  porphyry  forms  the 
entire  substructure  of  the  region.*  It  had  been  eroded  into  hills 
and  valleys  before  the  deposition  of  the  limestones. 

By  reference  to  the  map  it  will  be  seen  that  the  limestone  does 
not  often  rise  above  the  2OO-foot  contour-line.  But  in  places,  as 
in  the  north-west  extension  of  Cedar  Hill,  we  find  a  heavy  deposit 
of  clay,  with  chert  and  mammellated  quartz  ("  mineral  blossom") 
and  sandstone  lying  over  the  limestone  and  rising  to  the  35O-foot 
line.  This  level  (350  feet  above  the  datum  of  the  map)  is  about 
the  normal  height  for  these  clay  and  chert  terraces  through  this 
portion  of  the  country  ;  but  they  have  generally,  within  the  area 
of  this  map,  been  removed  by  erosion,  except  where  they  remain 
in  place  as  terraces  and  patches  on  the  slopes  of  the  hills. 

The  porphyries  are  older  than  the  Silurian,  and  belong  to  the 
Archaean  (Azoic)  formation,  of  which  they  may  be  the  youngest 
member  in  Missouri.  They  are  the  near  equivalents  in  point  of 
age  of  the  great  iron-bearing  rocks  of  Lake  Superior,  New  Jersey, 
and  Sweden.  They  are  stratified  on  an  immense  scale,  but  owing 

*  No  granitic  rocks  occur  within  the  area  of  the  map ;  but  a  few  miles  to  the  eastward 
there  is  an  extensive  development  of  granite,  apparently  chiefly  chloritic  and  syenitic,  in 
Madison  County.  The  few  observations,  bearing  on  the  question  of  relative  age,  made 
by  both  Dr.  Norwood  and  myself,  should  seem  to  indicate  that  the  granitic  rocks  are 
older  than  the  porphyries.  In  the  north-western  part  of  Madison  County  several  granite 
hills  are  capped  with  porphyry. 

The  red  granites  may  be  an  exception  to  this,  supposed,  rule. 

The  fact  that  the  granites  contain  numerous  dykes  of  hornblendic  rocks,  while  none  are 
known  to  occur  in  the  porphyries,  may  go  toward  proving  the  greater  age  of  the  granite. 


4  GEOLOGY  OF  PILOT  KNOB  AND   VICINITY. 

to  the  rarity  of  interstratified  beds  of  other  rocks,  the  unravelling 
of  the  internal  structure  of  the  district  is  a  difficult  problem. 

On  Pilot  Knob  the  strike  of  the  formation  is  S.  50°  E.  from  the 
true  meridian,  and  throughout  the  southern  half  of  the  map  the 
strike  may  be  generally  assumed  to  vary  between  S.  40°  E.  and 
S.  60°  E.,  and  the  dip  of  the  strata  to  be  to  the  south-west. 

While  all  the  porphyries  of  Iron  County  probably  contain  a 
greater  or  less  percentage  of  free  silica,  this  is  not  always  visible  to 
the  naked  eye,  nor  do  all  the  varieties  exhibit  the  feldspars  in  dis- 
tinct crystals. 

While  it  would  be  difficult  to  make  an  absolute  classification  cov- 
ering all  the  transitional  forms,  we  can  recognize  (within  the  area 
of  Map,  PI.  I.)  three  very  distinct  varieties  characterized  by  external 
features. 

a.  Porphyry  with  few  or  no  Crystals. — Gray,  pink,  flesh-color, 
and  brown  are  common  colors  in  this  variety  ;   the  rock  is  compact, 
very  hard,  striking  fire  abundantly  with  the  steel,  and  breaking 
with  a  conchoidal  fracture.     It  frequently  contains  grains  of  smoky 
or  limpid  quartz,  and  sometimes  very  isolated  minute  crystals  of 
either  pink  or  white  feldspar,  the  latter  generally  striated  and  ap- 
parently oligoclase  ;  the  rock  is  frequently  banded  in  very  thin  lay- 
ers, and  may  be  very  massive  or  have  a  columnar  or  tabular  struc- 
ture.    It  weathers  through  pink  to  a  dirty  yellow  or  white. 

b.  Porphyry  containing  Crystals  of  Feldspar  without  Grains 
of  Quartz. — The  usual  colors  are  light  and  dark  brown  and  purple, 
more  rarely  black,  gray,  and  pink  ;  the  matrix  is  very  compact  and 
tough,  breaks  with  a  conchoidal  fracture,  strikes  fire  with  the  steel, 
and  is    often   banded.      Its  distinguishing  characteristics  are    the 
absence  of  quartz  in  grains,  and  the  abundance  of  crystals,  one-sixth 
to  one-fourth  inch  long,  of  white  or  pink  feldspar,  which  is  gene- 
rally triclinic.    Although  quartz  is  not  present  in  the  form  of  grains, 
it  sometimes  predominates  in  the  alternate  layers  of  the  banded 
varieties. 

c.  Porphyry  abounding  in  Grains  of  Quartz  and  Crystals  of 
Feldspar. — The  matrix  of  this  variety  varies  in  color  from  purplish 
gray  to  dark  purple  or  black,  and  the  feldspar  crystals  are  usually 
white  and  triclinic. 

Feldspar  and  quartz  appear  to  be  the  only  primary  constituents 
in  any  of  the  porphyries  of  this  region.  But  there  are  several 


PORPHYRIES  AND  DOLOMITES.  5 

accessory  minerals  which  occur  frequently,  and  are  evidently  secon- 
dary products.  The  most  common  among  these  is  epidote,  and  a 
soft,  greenish  substance  resembling  steatite,  apparently  an  alteration 
product  of  the  epidote.  A  chlorite-like  mineral  occurs  frequently  in 
the  first  stages  of  weathering,  both  impregnated  in  the  matrix  and 
traversing  the  feldspar-crystals.  Magnetite  and  specular  iron-ore 
occur  in  minute  impregnations,  sometimes  imparting  a  decided  po- 
larity to  the  fragments  of  the  rock.  Fluorite,  of  a  beautiful  ame- 
thystine color,  is  found,  not  unfrequently,  in  small  cavities  and 
seams. 

The  Silurian  rocks  of  the  district  are  probably  the  Third  Mag- 
nesian  Limestone  of  Swallow,  with,  in  places,  remains  of  the  Second 
Sandstone  capping  it. 

At  the  contact  of  this  series  with  the  porphyries  there  are  very 
generally  beds  of  calcareous  sandstone  and  conglomerate. 

These  limestones  are  dolomites,  in  which  the  process  of  dolomi- 
zation  has  in  many  places  run  its  course  to  completion. 

The  beds  are  generally  from  a  few  inches  to  six  or  eight  feet 
thick.  The  thinner  beds  contain  10  per  cent,  to  20  per  cent,  of 
impurity,  in  the  form  of  clay,  and  sometimes  of  chlorite,  which 
gives  a  greenish  tinge,  often  mistaken  for  a  copper  mineral.  These 
thinner  beds  are  also  often  pyritiferous.  The  more  compact  beds 
often  contain  layers  of  chert,  but  aside  from  this  the  insoluble  im- 
purities, in  the  form  of  clay  and  free  silica,  seem  to  range  consider- 
ably below  10  per  cent. 

These  heavier  layers  have  generally  a  buff  tinge,  and  contain 
numerous  small  cavities  lined 
with  beautiful  crystals  of  dolo- 
mite.  Sometimes  crystals  of 
calcite  and  of  copper  pyrites  and 
iron  pyrites  occur  in  these  cavi- 
ties. 

The  annexed  section,  and  the 
corresponding  analyses  by  Mr. 
Chauvenet,  refer  to  the  lower 
beds  of  the  dolomite  at  Mr. 
Mace's  quarry,  Sec.  8,  T.  33, 
R.  4,  E. 


GEOLOGY  OF  PILOT  KNOB  AND  VICINITY. 

ABC 

Silicious  matter 5.11         3.85         2. 06 

Iron,  as  peroxide ^4.67         1.07        none 

Carb.  Lime 47-5°       52.50       54.32 

Carb.  Magnesia 42.19       42.56       43.82 


99.47       99.98     100.20 

In  order  to  compare  these  limestones  with  true  dolomite,  we 
compare  the  per  cent,  of  carbonate  of  lime  in  each  with  that  of  the 
carbonate  of  magnesia,  the  atomic  ratio  being  54.35  :  45-65-  The 
following  figures  show  the  amount  of  carbonate  of  magnesia  required 
in  each  to  make  it  equivalent  to  the  carbonate  of  lime  :— 

ABC 
39-89     44.09     45-^2 

Bed  "A,"  therefore,  contains  more  magnesia  than  the  dolomite 
ratio  calls  for  ;  the  others  somewhat  less. 

On  the  same  property  a  pyritiferous  limestone,  from  a  thin  bed 
somewhat  shaly  and  colored  green  by  the  presence  of  chlorite,  was 
examined  by  prospecting  shafts,  some  years  since,  by  persons  look- 
ing for  nickel-ore.  This  rock  was  analyzed  by  Mr.  Chauvenet, 
with  the  following  result : — 

Silicious  matter 17.88 

Iron,  as  peroxide 3.75 

Carb.  Lime 43-52 

Carb.  Magnesia 34-25 

The  annexed  section  (Fig.  2)  is  taken  at  the  quarry  near  Iron 
Mountain,  from  which  the  furnaces  derive  their  flux. 

A  specimen  from  this  quarry  was  analyzed  by  Dr.  Litton,  with 
the  following  result : — f 

Residue,  insoluble  in  dilute  hydrochloric  acid  6.97 

Alumina,  with  peroxide  of  Iron i.n 

Carbonate  of  Lime 50. 38 

Carbonate  of  Magnesia 41-74 


*  Alumina,  with  a  little  iron. 

f  Second  Annual  Report  of  the  Geol.  Surv.  of  Missouri,  Part  II.  p. [78.     1855. 


DOLOMITES. 

Fig.  2. 


8.   Stiff,  dark,  brown,  foliaceous  clay. 


7.   Highly-weathered  dolomite.  3?  ft  ?  T"* 

6.   Brown  and  gray  dolomite,  with  very  irreg-  *jj  N  «  6 
ular  cavities,  lined  with  crystals  of  dolomite. 

5.  Very  compact,  hard,  and  fine-grained  dol-  \T  Woj 

omite.  f  — — 

4.   Similar  to  No.  6,  with  crystals  of  calcite  "<J  N,  . 
porphyritically  enclosed. 

Greenish  marly  seam.  i  - 

3.  Similar  to  No.  5.  »[  ^93 

Greenish  marly  seam.  ^  ^  _____ 

'•  2.  Similar  to  No.  4.  3  N?z- 

I.  Massive,  gray,  and   purple-gray,  medium  *J  ^?^ 

grain,  with  sporadic  cavities.  °>j 


MAGNESIAN    LIMESTONE   QUARRY   N.    W. 
OF  IRON   MOUNTAIN. 


An  average  sample  of  the  rock  from  this  quarry  was  taken  at  the 
Iron  Mountain  furnace,  and  analyzed  by  Dr.  Wendel,  of  Troy,  N.  Y., 
for  Dr.  Schmidt's  Report  on  the  Iron  Metallurgy  of  the  State,* 
with  the  following  result : — 

Silica 5.30 

Lime 27  48 

Magnesia 1 8.37 

Phosphorus 0.003 

Sulphur 0.09 

An  average  sample,  taken  in  the  same  manner  and  for  the  same 
purpose,  from  the  quarry  at  Pilot  Knob,  was  analyzed  by  Dr. 
Wendel,  with  the  following  result : — 

Silica 3.93 

Lime 29.40 

Magnesia 19-27 

Phosphorus O.O2 

Sulphur o.  16 

*  To  be  published  in  the  next  volume. 


8  GEOLOGY  OF  PILOT  KNOB  AND   VICINITY. 

The  magnesian  limestone,  in  some  of  the  more  massive  beds,  con- 
tains many  cavities,  from  less  than  an  inch  to  several  feet  in  diame- 
ter. These  have  very  ragged  outlines,  as  though  formed  by  the 
running  together  of  numerous  smaller  cavities.  They  are  gene- 
rally lined  with  crystals  of  dolomite,  but  in  many  places,  in  certain 
horizons,  and  especially  in  the  upper  beds,  the  walls  are  covered 
with  a  continuous  lining  of  crystalline  quartz  resting  on  concentric 
agate-like  layers  of  quartz.  This  geode  quartz  is  called  "  mineral 
blossom." 

Galena  and  zinc-blende  also  occur  very  extensively  in  this  rock, 
in  some  localities  disseminated  through  it,  in  others  occupying  gash- 
veins  and  narrow  caves,  and  in  others  again  forming  extensive 
interstratified  layers. 

Residuary  Deposits. — The  Archaean  (Azoic)  rocks  of  south- 
eastern Missouri  are  the  exposed  portions  of  the  skeleton  of  the 
eastern  part  of  the  Ozark  range.  They  appear  as  knobs  1,400  to 
1, 800  feet  above  the  sea,  and  rising  300  to  700  or  more  feet  above 
the  valleys  at  their  bases.  They  form  an  archipelago  of  islands 
in  the  Lower  Silurian  strata  which  surround  them  as  a  whole, 
and  separate  them  from  each  other. 

These  rocks,  consisting,  as  has  been  already  remarked,  chiefly  of 
granites  and  felsitic  porphyries,  reach  their  most  extensive  surface- 
development  in  the  region  forming  the  northern  part  of  Madison, 
Iron,  and  Reynolds,  and  the  southern  part  of  St.  Francis  and  Wash- 
ington Counties. 

The  rocks  overlying  them  belong  to  the  oldest  known  members  of 
the  Silurian,  and  they  may  be  the  deep-sea  equivalents  of  the  Pots- 
dam sandstone,  or  even  older. 

As  has  been  already  stated,  they  are  true  dolomites,  frequently 
underlaid  by  gritstone  beds,  and  often  covered  by  heavy  masses 
(50  to  1 20  feet  thick)  of  clay  and  chert  in  loose  aggregations. 

This  region  of  porphyries,  as  well  as  the  Ozark  range,  generally, 
through  southern  Missouri,  has  apparently  been  above  the  level  of 
the  sea  from  a  very  early  period  to  the  present  time.  The  higher 
portion  of  the  elevation  does  not  seem  to  have  been  submerged 
since  before  the  Upper  Silurian  period  ;  while  broad  areas  on  the 
flanks  of  the  range  have  apparently  been  dry  land  since  the  Carbo- 
niferous. The  absence  of  the  finer  and  coarser  detrital  material  due 
to  glacial  action,  as  well  as  of  all  evidence  of  the  direct  mechanical 


RESW  UAR  Y  DEPOSITS.  9 

action  of  ice,  prove  that  the  region  in  question  remained  undis- 
turbed by  the  various  surface-modifying  agencies  of  the  Glacial 
period.  The  rocks  of  the  Ozarks,  thus  exposed  to  the  undisturbed 
action  of  atmospheric  agencies,  present  to  us  in  their  present  con- 
dition one  of  the  most  instructive  records  of  geological  history — one 
that  is  full  of  important  facts. 

Both  the  Archaean  crystalline  rocks  and  the  Silurian  strata  have 
undergone  immense  changes  in  volume,  and  in  other  respects, 
under  this  long-continued  influence.  The  gradual  removal  of  the 
soluble  constituents  has  left  important  residuary  deposits  of  such 
substances  as  were  insoluble,  especially  in  the  Silurian  strata — as 
clay,  flint,  crystallized  quartz,  sulphuret  of  iron,  galena,  etc.  The 
more  conspicuous  instances  of  this  kind  among  the  pre-Silurian 
rocks  are  residuary  occurrences  of  iron-ore. 

The  constituents  of  the  granitic  and  porphyry  rocks  offered  a  far 
greater  resistance  to  the  action  of  this  process  of  removal  than  the 
limestone  strata.  Still,  the  amount  of  disintegration  and  of  full 
decomposition  has  been  very  great  in  these  older  formations, 
although  it  would  not  be  easy  to  say  what  proportion  of  the 
change  has  taken  place  since  the  deposition  of  the  Lower  Silurian 
limestones.  The  porphyries  and  granites  had  undergone  an  enor- 
mous amount  of  erosion  before  the  limestones  were  formed  ;  an 
amount  at  least  several  times  as  great  as  that  they  have  suffered 
since  that  remote  time. 

In  the  porphyries  as  well  as  in  the  granitic  rocks  of  the  region 
we  find  the  destructive  action  developed  in  two  marked  directions, 
respectively  the  resultants  of  influences  due  to  local  external  causes, 
and  to  the  structure,  texture,  and  mineral  composition  of  the  rocks. 
These  directions  are — 

(a)  The  forming  of  polygonal  blocks  on  the  surface,  and  the 
gradual  disintegration  and  decomposition  of  these  in  place  and  on 
the  talus.  This  is  the  case  with  most  of  the  porphyry  exposures. 

A  layer  of  3  to  4  feet  of  this  detritus  covers  the  residuary  clay- 
deposit  of  the  Silurian  limestone  on  the  west  flank  of  Pilot  Knob  ; 
it  lies  on  a  slope  of  1 1°. 

On  the  ridge  of  red  granite  at  Ex-Governor  Brown's  quarry,  the 
polygonal  blocks  are  of  great  size,  and  their  surface-disintegration 
in  place  has  left  picturesque,  rounded  masses  hundreds  of  tons  in 
weight. 


10 


GEOLOGY  OF  PILOT  KNOB  AND   VICINITY. 


(b}  Disintegration  and  decomposition  in  mass.  This,  among  the 
porphyries,  is  best  illustrated  in  Iron  Mountain,  where  the  entire 
porphyry-hill  is  changed  to  a  clay. 

It  is  well  shown,  also,  in  Madison  County,  among  the  gray  and 
green  (chloritic)  granites,  where,  over  considerable  areas,  complete 
disintegration  has  taken  place  to  a  depth  of  certainly  more  than  50 
feet,  and  possibly  several  times  that  depth. 

The  formation  of  residuary  deposits  of  iron-ore,  having  their 
origin  in  the  gradual  removal  of  very  resisting  crystalline  rocks,  is 
one  of  the  local  results  of  this  weathering  away  and  decomposition 
of  the  rock,  and  is  well  illustrated  in  the  "surface-ore"  at  Iron 
Mountain. 

This  hill,  which  rises  about  250  feet  above  its  base,  is  wholly 
covered  by  a  mantle  of  ore-detritus,  associated  with  some  clay.  The 
only  knowledge  we  possess  of  its  internal  structure  is  gathered  from 

Fig-  3- 


SECTION     "  I  - 
IRON     MOUNTAIN- 


the  mining  excavations  at  and  near  the  summit  and  on  the  spur  called 
Little  Iron  Mountain.  The  appearances  in  these  indicate  deposits 
of  the  most  irregular  form,  and  which  should  seem,  from  the  results 


RESIDUARY  DEPOSITS. 


II 


of  magnetic  observations,  to  lie  in  zones  extending  north-north- 
east. 

In  all  the  excavations  the  porphyry  is  decomposed,  generally  to 
a  clay. 

At  the  summit  an  immense  mass  of  solid  ore  is  exposed,  while 
the  decomposed  porphyry  adjoining  this  is  traversed  in  all  direc- 
tions by  veins  of  all  sizes  and  of  the  most  irregular  shapes,  form- 
ing a  reticulated  network  of  ore  and  rock.  The  foregoing  figure 
(Fig.  3),  from  a  sketch  by  Mr.  Guy,  represents  the  exposed  face  of 
one  of  the  great  excavations.  The  shaded  portion  on  the  right  is  a 
part  of  the  great  ore-mass,  about  50  feet  high.  D  P  is  the  decom- 
posed porphyry.  One  of  the  numerous  "  faults  "  is  also  shown  in 
the  sketch. 

Similar  irregular  veins  and  masses  of  ore  exist  in  Little  Iron 
Mountain.  A  remarkable  dyke  is  exposed  here,  which  traverses  a 
vein  of  ore,  and  has  all  the  appearance  of  resulting  from  the  decom- 
position of  an  independent  porphyry-dyke  ;  but  in  its  prolongation 
it  is  seen  to  carry  in  its  middle  plane  a  vein  of  comby  quartz. 

Fig.  4. 


UlTTuE      IRON      MOONTAI     N 


A,  DYKE 


PORPH. 


8  .  DE  CO  M  P.    PO  R  P  H, 
C.IRON      ORE 


The  smaller  seams  and  veins  of  Iron  Mountain  frequently  contain 
crystals  of  apatite,  which  seems  to  be  a  more  rare  occurrence  in  the 
larger  ore-bodies.  In  the  surface-ore,  and  in  the  veins  near  the 
surface,  the  apatite  has  been  removed,  leaving  the  impressions  only 
of  the  crystals ;  and  these  honey-comb  cavities  are  frequently 
lined  with  delicate  quartz-prisms.  .This  accounts  for  the  greater 
freedom  of  the  surface-ore  from  phosphorus,  as  is  shown  in  the  com- 
parative analyses. 

That  the  ore-seams  existed  before  the  decomposition  of  the  en- 


12  GEOLOGY  OF  PILOT  KNOB  AND  VICINITY. 

closing  rock,  is  shown  by  the  existence  of  similar  occurrences  of  ore, 
on  a  smaller  scale,  in  many  of  the  hills  of  unaltered  porphyry. 

The  surface  of  Iron  Mountain,  when  discovered,  was  covered  with 
a  layer  from  four  to  twenty,  or  more,  feet  thick,  of  bowlders  of  pure 
ore,  associated  with  ore-pebbles  and  ore-sand,  and  but  little  clay. 
The  ore-detritus  represents  all  the  varieties  of  structure,  texture, 
and  mineral  associates  peculiar  to  the  different  forms  of  ore-masses, 
veins,  and  seams  of  the  mountain. 

As  the  volume  of  the  ore-veins  represents  but  a  small  percent- 
age of  the  volume  of  the  hill,  the  amount  of  the  decomposed  por- 
phyry that  has  been  wholly  removed  to  cause  such  an  accumulation 
of  ore,  from  broken-up  veins,  must  have  been  proportionately  great. 
But  the  present  mantle  of  ore-detritus  represents  only  a  portion  of 
the  concentration  caused  by  the  removal  of  porphyry,  for  the  ex- 
cavations at  the  base  of  the  hill  show  heavy  stratified  deposits  of  de- 
trital  ore,  having  exactly  the  same  origin,  and  which  was  washed 
down  the  slope  and  concentrated  by  the  waves  of  the  Silurian 
ocean. 

While  the  present  ore-mantle  represents  a  concentrating  process 
which  has  been  in  operation  since  the  deposition  of  the  Lower  Silu- 
rian limestone,  the  bedded  ore-detritus  shows  that  the  process  was 
active  before  that  time,  and  inferentially  that  the  porphyry  was  even 
then  wholly  decomposed  to  a  considerable  depth. 

The  instance  of  Iron  Mountain  is  an  extreme  case,  where  the  de- 
composition of  the  porphyry  in  mass  facilitated  the  separation  of 
the  ore  from  the  rock  and  the  mechanical  removal  of  the  latter. 

There  are  very  many  points  where  sand  and  bowlders  of  the 
finest  iron-ore  occur  on  the  surface,  to  a  considerable  extent.  In 
most  instances  of  this  kind  these  fragments  were  originally  isolated 
impregnations,  segregations,  or  the  filling  of  small  gashes  in 
the  rock,  and  are  the  residue  of  a  large  amount  of  disintegrated 
porphyry. 

In  the  Silurian  limestone  of  this  region,  as  of  the  Ozark  range 
generally,  the  formation  of  residuary  deposits  has  attained  an  ex- 
tensive development.  The  long-continued  wastage  of  strata,  con- 
sisting of  dolomite  containing  a  considerable  amount  of  insoluble 
substances  in  the  form  of  clay,  both  diffused  and  in  shaly  layers, 
and  of  silica  in  chert-layers  and  nodules  and  quartz-geodes,  has  left 
its  record  in  heavy  masses  of  residuary  material  which  cap  many  of 


PILOT  KNOB.  13 

the  dolomite  hills,  and,  in  the  porphyry  region,  form  terraces  upon 
the  flanks  of  the  knobs  of  older  rocks. 

On  the  west  flank  of  Pilot  Knob  a  shaft  was  sunk,  to  a  depth  of 
about  70  feet,  wholly  in  a  residuary  mass  of  clay  containing  frag- 
ments of  chert,  geodes  of  quartz,  and  masses  of  brown  hematite 
pseudomorphous  after  pyrites. 

On  the  tops  of  many  of  the  flat  dolomite  hills  there  are  immense 
quantities  of  mammellated  crystalline  quartz  which  originally  formed 
the  lining  of  the  intricate  geode  cavities  of  the  dolomite,  and  which 
is  known  as  "  mineral  blossom,"  from  its  very  general  association 
with  lead  and  zinc  ores.  There  are  numerous  deposits  of  iron-ores 
on  the  flanks  of  the  Ozarks,  which  owe  their  origin  to  this  process 
of  residuary  concentration,  and  which  are  very  uncertain  as  regards 
extent.  In  many  places  these  beds  of  loose  quartz-geodes  are  asso- 
ciated with  extensive  accumulations  of  limonite,  which  is,  at  least 
to  a  large  extent,  pseudomorphous  after  pyrite.  Again,  over  areas 
of  hundreds,  or  even  thousands,  of  square  miles,  this  "mineral 
blossom  "  has  workable  accumulations  of  galena  and  carbonate  of 
lead  for  its  associates  in  the  residuary  clay  deposits.* 

Pilot  Knob. — Pilot  Knob  is  a  conical  hill,  nearly  circular,  with  a 
north  and  south  diameter,  at  the  base,  of  about  one  mile.  Its  top 
is  662  feet  above  the  datum  of  the  map;  1,112  feet  above  the  St. 
Louis  directrix  ;  1,521  feet  above  tide. 

On  its  eastern  side  it  is  connected  with  another  group  of  por- 
phyry-hills, by  a  neck  a  little  more  than  200  feet  higher  than  the 
western  base. 

The  rock  skeleton  of  Pilot  Knob  is  composed  chiefly  of  more  or 
less  massively-bedded  porphyries,  porphyry  conglomerates,  and 
beds  of  hard,  specular  iron-ore. 

All  these  strata  are  somewhat  tilted  up  ;  their  strike  is  N.  50° 
W.  ;  S.  5°°  E.  from  the  true  meridian,  and  their  inclination  is 
S.  W.  by  S.  In  the  eastern  cut,  near  the  summit,  the  inclination 
or  dip  is  21°.  In  the  lower  or  westernmost  cut  it  is  14  . 

By  levelling  between  the  points  along  the  line  of  the  greatest  dip, 
I  find  the  mean  inclination  of  the  ore-bed  to  be  13°,  and  shall  as- 
sume this  for  the  whole  hill. 

*  Prof.  Whitney  was,  I  believe,  the  first  to  call  attention  to  the  occurrence  of  residuary  de- 
posits of  clay,  in  explaining  the  origin  of  the  red  clays  of  the  upper  Mississippi  lead-region. 


14  GEOLOGY  OF  PILOT  KNOB  AND  VICINITY. 

The  top  of  the  Knob  consists  of  stratified  porphyry  conglom- 
erate, with  an  actual  thickness  of  140  feet  (150  feet  in  a  vertical 
line). 

This  rock  is  made  up  of  small  and  large,  more  or  less  angular, 
pebbles  of  porphyry  cemented  together  by  iron-ore,  and  contain- 
ing also  frequent  layers  and  bodies  of  ore. 


Fig.  5. 


TCocroL  ajoec.  ore  . 

Slate 

Porph.  cony  I.  vr'ifh  ore 
-**  Po  rph   conyl.   irilhore  in   mctfriic. 
P.C    Porph..  conyt.  ivi/h   t  ore 
R.  P.  fled  for^h 

SECTION    IN   THE  'GREAT     CUT 


»  8  7  2 

The  upper  portion  of  the  series  —  a  purple  conglomerate  more  or 
less  mottled  with  gray  —  has  the  pebbles  and  matrix  nearly  equally 
divided.  The  pebbles  are  rarely  more  than  one  inch  in  diameter, 
and  are  of  brown  porphyry  and  gray  quartz,  with  others  of  a  yel- 
lowish-gray substance,  easily  scratched,  and  apparently  an  altered 
porphyry.  The  matrix  is  generally  a  very  fine-grained  iron-ore, 
containing  small  grains  of  limpid  quartz.  Although  the  only  visible 


PILOT  KNOB.  15 

crystalline  forms  of  the  iron-ore  are  those  of  specular  ore,  this  con- 
glomerate matrix  possesses  decided  polarity.  A  compass  held 
close  to  the  rock,  and  moved  gently  a  few  inches  in  any  direction 

Fig.  6. 


SECTION     OF    WEST    CUT 
^Pl    LOT. KNOB    ^ 

parallel  to  the  rock-surface,  will  have,  alternately,  its  north  and 
south  poles  strongly  attracted.  But  the  needle  is  not  perceptibly 
affected  at  a  height  of  four  or  five  feet  above  the  surface,  nor  does 
the  conglomerate  series,  as  a  wliole,  affect  the  needle  appreciably. 

Toward  the  bottom  of  the  conglomerate  series  the  conglomerate 
structure  is  less  marked  in  the  eastern  openings,  and  the  lower  beds 
have  only  isolated  pebbles.  The  matrix  here  consists  mainly  of 
finely-divided  specular  ore,  with  a  soft,  greenish-white  mineral, 
either  a  steatite  or  a  clay ;  in  this  lie  small  grains  of  porphyry  and 
of  quartz.  This  is  more  properly  an  ore  ;  indeed,  it  assumes  in 
places  a  workable  character,  while  in  others  it  contains  little  ore, 
and  becomes  a  nearly  brown,  homogeneous  rock,  with  small  grains 
of  quartz. 

Below  this  lies  the  ore-bed,  with  a  vertical  thickness  of  46  feet. 
It  is  divided  into  two  beds  by  a  slate-seam  10  inches  to  3  feet  thick. 
This  seam,  which  is  very  persistent,  lies  in  the  great  cut  31  feet 
above  the  foot- wall  of  the  lower  ore-bed. 

The  upper  ore-bed  is  more  variable  in  thickness,  having  in  the 
slate-seam  a  regular  foot-wall,  but  having  no  very  well  defined 
hanging-wall,  the  ore  often  rising  into  the  overlying  rock. 

The  upper  ore-bed  is  so  distinctly  stratified  as  to  be  a  well-char- 
acterized flag-ore,  and  is  considerably  leaner  than  the  lower  bed. 
The  slate-seam  which  divides  the  two  ore-beds  is  variable  in  char- 
acter, having  in  places  the  appearance  of  a  clay-slate,  in  others  of 


16  GEOLOGY  OF  PILOT  KNOB  AND  VICINITY. 

talcose-slate.  while  it  not  unfrequently  has  all  the  characteristics  of 
a  porphyry. 

The  great  ore-bed  which  lies  below  the  slate-seam  is  a  very  com- 
pact, dense,  and  hard  ore,  very  finely  stratified  in  layers  from  I  line 
to  y2  inch  thick.  In  places  the  alternate  layers  are  somewhat  sili- 
cious.  This  ore  frequently  cleaves  in  joint  planes  at  right  angles  to 
the  bedding-planes. 

The  ore-bed  is  underlaid  by  a  purple-brown,  indurated,  clay 
schist,  traversed  by  numerous  threads  of  a  steatite-like  mineral. 

Immediately  below  this  lies  a  very  compact  red  and  brown  jas- 
pery  porphyry,  with  minute  grains  of  quartz,  and  free  from  feldspar- 
crystals.  It  is  very  hard,  but  contains  numerous  irregular-shaped 
patches  one-eighth  inch  to  several  inches  in  diameter,  of  a  soft,  green- 
ish and  brownish  mineral  resembling  steatite,  which  is  possibly  an 
alteration-product  of  the  porphyry. 

Below  this,  on  the  eastern  slope,  is  a  compact  red  jaspery  por- 
phyry, with  a  decided  tendency  to  spherulitic  structure.  The 
spherules  are  from  the  size  of  a  pin-head  to  that  of  a  pea ;  they 
are  of  the  same  color  as  the  matrix,  and  usually  contain  a  small 
nucleus  of  a  soft,  greenish-white  mineral — probably  steatite.  The 
same  substance  that  forms  the  nuclei,  coats  also  the  surfaces  of  the 
spherules,  and  is  distributed  very  generally  through  the  rock  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  give  it  a  brecciated  appearance.  The  matrix 
contains  very  isolated  minute  grains  of  limpid  quartz. 

Further  down  the  eastern  declivity  are  outcrops  of  a  compact, 
pinkish-gray  porphyry,  rarely  containing  visible  grains  of  quartz. 
It  contains  an  iron-ore,  both  minutely  disseminated  and  also  more 
concentrated  in  dark,  irregular  streaks.  This  rock  has  a  tendency 
to  tabular  cleavage,  and  weathers  through  pink  to  yellowish  white. 

Underlying  this  we  find,  on  the  neck  which  connects  the  Knob 
with  the  hills  to  the  eastward,  a  pinkish-brown  porphyry  with  con- 
choidal  fracture,  containing  grains  of  limpid  quartz  and  scattered 
small  crystals  of  feldspar. 

A  few  hundred  feet  further  east,  and  forming  the  next  lower  rock, 
is  a  very  hard,  flesh-colored  porphyry,  slightly  mottled  through  the 
presence  of  irregular  spots  containing  steatite  and  minute  grains  of 
iron-ore.  The  rock  contains  small  grains  of  quartz  and  crystals  of 
feldspar,  which  are  more  or  less  riddled  with  holes  containing  a 
chlorite. 


PILOT  KNOB,  17 

The  next  lower  rock  is  that  which  forms  the  western  declivity  of 
the  hill  next  east  of  the  Knob.  It  is  a  pinkish-gray,  slightly-banded 
porphyry,  containing  innumerable  small  cavities  filled  with  a  chlo- 
rite, and  has  a  well-marked  columnar  structure. 

The  inclination  of  the  strata  forming  Pilot  Knob  being  nearly  the 
same  as  that  of  the  surface  of  the  western  slope,  we  should  expect 
to  find  the  same  series  and  thickness  by  boring  at  any  point  on  the 
west  slope.  But  there  have  been  disturbances,  which  probably  ren- 
der this  impossible,  on  the  lower  half  of  the  western  declivity. 

Below  the  4OO-foot  contour-line,  the  rock-surface  has  a  steeper 
slope  than  that  of  the  hill.  A  shaft  sunk  at  about  the  325-foot  con- 
tour, after  going  through  about  3  feet  of  loose  rubble  of  ore  and 
porphyry,  was  sunk  through  nearly  64  feet  of  clay  without  striking 
rock ;  whereas,  if  there  had  been  no  disturbance,  the  shaft  should 
have  been  wholly  in  the  conglomerate  beds  which  overlie  the  ore, 
and  the  present  bottom  of  the  shaft  should  be  very  nearly  in  the 
hanging-wall  of  the  upper  ore-bed.  The  absence  of  these  rocks  is 
due  to  the  erosion  which  the  south-west  flank  of  the  hill  had  suffered 
before  the  deposition  of  the  Silurian  rocks. 

There  are  evidences  of  another  disturbance.  This  is  a  zone  of 
fracture  visible  in  both  the  great  cut  and  in  the  lower  cut.  Its  course 
is  about  S.  30°  W.,  and  it  is  marked  by  a  breccia  of  broken-up 
and  re-cemented  fragments  of  ore  and  porphyry.  It  does  not  ap- 
pear to  have  "  faulted"  the  ore-beds. 

From  the  foregoing  data,  taken  in  connection  with  the  form  of 
Pilot  Knob  as  determined  by  the  topographical  survey,  we  can  de- 
lineate on  the  map  the  shape  of  the  remaining  portion  of  the  ore- 
bed,  assuming,  of  course,  that  the  dip  and  strike  remain  the  same, 
respectively,  as  in  the  upper  part  of  the  hill,  and  that  the  ore-beds 
are  also  persistent,  and  neither  replaced  by  other  rock  material  nor 
thrown  out  of  position  by  faults. 

As  the  western  limit  is  probably  buried  beneath  75  to  90  feet  of 
clay  and  chert,  its  delineation  is  only  roughly  given. 

The  south- western  and  northern  limits  are  probably  near  the  truth. 

The  area  thus  indicated  is  about  200,000  superficial  yards  as  a 
maximum  for  the  extent  of  the  ore-bed. 

The  indication  of  the  limit  on  the  map  may  be  of  service  in  de- 
termining the  best  points  to  attack  the  ore-bed  on  the  west  or  south- 
ern flank. 

2 


1 8  GEOLOGY  OF  PILOT  KNOB  AND  VICINITY. 

The  two  best  points  for  exploration  are  : — 

1.  On  the  north-west,  where  the  ravine  intersects  the  limit-line, 
about  200  feet  north  of  the  incline  and  near  the  375-feet  contour. 

2.  On  the  limit  east  and  south-east  from  Station  6,  on  the  survey- 
line  running  south  from  the  summit,  there  is   (west  of  Station  6) 
an  old  opening  in  the  conglomerate  series  that  belongs  above  the 
ore.      No  line  of  levels  was  run  to  it  ;    therefore,  in  placing  its 
position  at  20-40  feet  above  the  ore-bed,  I  am  making  an  estimate 
only. 

The  great  thickness  of  the  clay-deposit  on  the  south-west  flank 
would  render  it  undesirable  to  attempt  to  approach  the  ore  from 
this  direction,  before  proving  the  bed  near  the  two  points  above 
indicated. 

The  shaft  that  was  started  for  exploration,  about  500  feet  south- 
east of  the  western  turn-table,  has  its  collar  a  little  more  than  60  feet 
above  where  the  ore-bed  should  be. 

Befure  leaving  Pilot  Knob,  I  \vill  remark  that  the  clay-deposit  on 
the  west  flank  may  have  a  technical  value.  It  consists  of  a  very 
pure  white  variety  and  a  rusty  variety.  The  two  kinds  could  prob- 
ably be  separated.  Their  composition,  as  shown  by  the  accom- 
panying analyses  made  by  Mr.  Chauvenet,  should  give,  especially 
to  the  white,  a  very  decided  value  as  material  for  the  fabrication  of 
chinaware  :— 

ANALYSIS   OF    CLAYS. 

I.    Opalescent  White  Clay.     II.   Brown  Clay. 

Silica 63.50  57-22 

Alumina 24.55  22.89 

Peroxide  of  Iron none  7.81 

Lime 1.60  i.io 

Magnesia 0.48  0.46 

Water  of  composition 7-3°  7-95 

Hygroscopic  Water 2.20  2.90 


99.63  100.33 

Cedar  Hill — The  rocks  forming  the  south-western  flank  of  Cedar 
Hill  are  the  north-western  extension  of  the  conglomerates  and  ore- 
beds  of  Pilot  Knob. 


CEDAR  HILL.  19 

At  the  time  of  my  visit  to  this  point,  the  working  had  not  pro- 
gressed far  enough  to  indicate  with  certainty  whether  the  ore  after 
being  taken  out  corresponds  to  the  ore-bodies  distributed  irregu- 
larly in  the  conglomerate  on  Pilot  Knob,  or  to  the  great  ore-bed 
proper. 

It  is  quite  possible  that  the  real  equivalent  of  the  Pilot  Knob 
ore-beds  has  not  yet  been  reached  on  Cedar  Hill. 

I  collected  a  thoroughly  average  sample  of  the  stock-pile  at  the 
mine,  which  was  analyzed  by  Mr.  Blair,  with  the  following  re- 
sult :— 

Insoluble  silicious  matter $.62  per  cent. 

Peroxide  of  Iron 93-54        " 

Sulphur none 

Phosphoric  Acid 0.090     " 

Equal  to —  ; 

Metallic  Iron 64.47        " 

Phosphorus 0.039      " 

Sulphur none 

The  ore  opened  in  the  cuts  on  Cedar  Hill,  at  the  time  of  my 
visit,  is  very  hard,  dense,  and  heavy,  and  very  uniform  in  character. 
It  breaks  in  prisms,  with  sharp  edges,  owing  to  a  well-marked 
columnar  structure.  The  ore  contains  minute  grains  of  limpid 
quartz.  It  has  all  the  appearance  of  a  porphyry  in  which  the 
matrix  has  been  wholly  replaced  by  iron-ore  ;  and  the  irregularity 
of  its  mode  of  association  with  the  porphyry  heightens  the  resem- 
blance. 

The  annexed  cut,  taken  in  one  of  the  openings,  will  show  what 
irregular  forms  the  deposit  assumes  : — 

Fig.  7. 


SECTION      OF      CUT 
ON.      C   E  P  A  R       H    I    U  L 


20  GEOLOGY  OF  PILOT  KNOB  AND  VICINITY. 

The  shaded  portions  are  ore.  P*  is  the  mottled,  altered  porphyry 
associated  with  the  ore. 

In  the  N.  W.  %  of  the  S.  E.  %  of  Sec.  28,  east  of  Pilot  Knob, 
there  is  another  zone  of  iron-bearing  beds.  At  one  point,  shown  to 
me  by  Mr.  Crane,  there  are  beds  of  jaspery  slate,  containing  more 
or  less  specular  ore.  The  indications  are  such  as  would  make  it 
desirable  to  have  some  exploration  done. 

We  found  at  another  point  (half-way  between  Station  4  on  line 
12  and  Station  7,  line  14),  a  bed  or  beds  of  ore,  which  deserve  some 
work  in  the  way  of  "  proving." 

It  is  a  rich  granular  ore,  somewhat  resembling  that  of  Shepherd 
Mountain.  The  outcrop  is  not  sufficiently  exposed  to  enable  one 
to  give  an  opinion  as  to  the  extent  of  the  deposit.  All  that  can  be 
seen  without  digging  are  what  seem  to  be  two  beds,  one  and  one- 
half  to  two  feet  thick,  of  rich  ore,  more  or  less  mixed  with  some- 
what decomposed  porphyry. 


The  deposits  of  manganese-ore  and  of  manganiferous  iron-ore  form 
a  very  interesting  feature  of  the  porphyry  region,  and  promise  to 
be  of  considerable  economic  importance. 

So  far  as  I  can  judge,  in  our  present  limited  kno.wledge  of  the 
porphyry  district,  these  deposits  belong  considerably  higher  in  the 
series  than  the  Pilot  Knob  beds. 

The  most  characteristic  occurrence  is  that  of  ftie  Cuthbertson- 
Buford  hill,  which,  beginning  in  Sec.  19,  T.  33,  R.  4,  E.,  runs  W. 
N.  W.  into  Sec.  13,  T.  33,  R.  3,  E. 

The  northern  side  of  this  hill,  near  the  top,  seems  to  consist  of  a 
very  dark,  almost  black  porphyry,  with  numerous  small  crystals  of 
white  feldspar  and  grains  of  quartz. 

The  southern  declivity,  the  rocks  of  which  overlie  those  of  the 
northern  side,  consists  of  a  much-altered  bedded  rock  of  fine 


CUTHBERTSON  TRACT. 


21 


grain,  which  has  in  places  the  appearance  of  an  indurated  sand- 
stone, in  others  that  of  an  altered  porphyry.  It  contains  nume- 
rous broad  and  flat  cavities  partially  filled  with  a  red,  ochreous  sub- 
stance. Fresher  fragments  exhibit  a  brown,  fine-grained  rock, 
consisting  largely  of  minute  grains  of  quartz  cemented  together  by 
a  quartz  or  porphyry  matrix. 

There  are  no  natural  exposures  of  the  rock  in  place,  but  on  the 
Cuthbertson  tract  the  surface  is  bestrewed  with  large  and  small 
fragments  of  manganese-ore,  and,  in  places,  of  specular  iron-ore. 
A  cut  in  the  Cuthbertson  tract  exposes  a  bedded  deposit  consisting 
of  exceedingly  ragged  tabular  masses  of  manganese-ore,  separated 
by  a  red,  ochreous  clay. 

The  following  are  analyses  of  this  ore  and  of  the  specular  ore,  by 
Mr.  Chauvenet : — 

Manganese  Ore. 

Insoluble  silicious  matter 0.44 

Peroxide  of  Iron 3.30 

Manganese  as  protoxide.. 68.02 

The  manganese  exists  in  the  ore  as  sesquioxide,  with  a  probable 
admixture  of  binoxide. 

Metallic  manganese 52.47 

Specular  Ore. 

Insoluble 2.45 

Peroxide  of  Iron 97-85 

Manganese trace 

It  lies  upon  the  bedded  rock  described  last  above. 

Fig.  9. 


MANGANESE    DEPOSIT  ON   CUTH BERT SONS   HI   L  L 
SECTION     19     T.  33.   R.  4-E.t 


22  GEOLOGY  OF  PILOT  KNOB  AND  VICINITY. 

Further  west,  at  the  Buford  bank,  a  larger  cut  gives  a  better  ex- 
posure. 

Fig.  10. 


SECTION       OF     CUT         ON 

BUFORD    MOUNTAIN. 


Here  we  find  a  bedded  deposit  of  the  same  nature  as  that  on 
Cuthbertson's  tract,  with  the  difference  that  this  one  is  a  mangan- 
iferous  iron-ore  of  a  very  superior  quality.  The  cut  exposes  a 
stratified  deposit  of  a  ragged  black  iron-ore,  overlaid  by  beds  of 
pink,  altered  porphyry. 

The  whole  thickness  of  the  ore-bed  was  not  visible,  but  I  esti- 
mate it  at  nearly  14  feet  in  the  cut,  though  it  thins  out  at  the  out- 
crop on  the  hill-side. 

A  sample  consisting  of  a  large  number  of  chippings  was  taken  by 
myself  as  a  close  average  of  the  ore.  This  was  analyzed  by  Mr. 
Chauvenet,  with  the  following  result :  — 

Insoluble 8. 54  per  cent. 

Peroxide  of  Iron 68.30  " 

Manganese  as  protoxide I5-S4  " 

Sulphur 0.017  " 

Phosphoric  Acid 0.102  " 

Equal  to — 

Metallic  Iron 47.81  " 

Metallic  Manganese 12.32 

Sulphur 0.017  " 

Phosphorus 0.044  " 

This  is  a  remarkably  fine  ore  for  the  manufacture  of  Spiegeleiscn. 
Of  the  extent  of  the  deposit  nothing  can  be  known  until  more 
work  is  done. 


MANGANESE  DEPOSITS.  23 

Near  this  point  there  is  a  very  irregular  deposit,  apparently  a 
pocket,  of  ore  nearly  free  from  manganese,  as  appears  in  the  an- 
nexed analysis  by  Mr.  Chauvenet : — 

Insoluble 13.42 

Peroxide  of  Iron §5-76 

Manganese  as  protoxide trace 

Metallic  Iron 60.03 

Near  Cuthbertson's,  but  apparently  belonging,  geologically,  a 
little  higher,  is  the  manganese  deposit  on  Mr.  Marble's  land.  It 
forms  an  interstratified  layer,  3-5  inches  thick,  in  a  decomposed 
porphyry. 

A  specimen  of  this  was  analyzed  by  Mr.  Chauvenet,  with  the 
following  result : — 

Insoluble 10.35 

Peroxide  of  Iron 14.22 

Manganese  as  protoxide 5 1 .06 

Lime 2.75 

Magnesia 0.43 

Water 3.89 

Mr.  Marble  also  sank  a  pit  in  his  wood-lot,  near  the  last-named 
locality,  and  after  passing  the  soil,  found  about  3  feet  of  the  ore  in 
ragged  masses,  and  below  these  a  reddish,  manganiferous,  soft 
hematite  (I.),  associated  with  another  variety  (II.)  containing  less 
manganese.  In  samples  of  these  Mr.  Chauvenet  made  the  follow- 
ing determinations  : — 

I.  II. 

Insoluble 17.66  35-96 

Peroxide  of  Iron 49. 34  58. 70 

Manganese  as  protoxide 21.18  3-77 

Metallic  Iron 34-53 

Metallic  Manganese 16.44 

This  is  a  soft,  maganiferous  hematite  of  excellent  quality. 

At  all  of  the  points  mentioned  on  this  hill  the  strike  of  the  beds 
is  N.  65° — 80°  E.,  and  the  dip,  more  or  less  gentle,  toward  the 
south. 

Overlying  these  manganiferous  beds  we  find  a  metamorphic  lime- 


24  GEOLOGY  OF  PILOT  KNOB  AND  VICINITY. 

stone.  This  remarkable  occurrence,  which  was  first  brought  to  my 
notice  by  Mr.  Gage,  is  well  exposed  on  Mr.  Huff's  land  ;  it  is  a 
more  or  less  thinly-stratified  rock,  with  essentially  two  characteris- 
tic constituents.  In  one  extreme  we  have  a  pink  to  greenish-pink, 
crystalline  limestone,  containing  irregular  layers,  one-sixtieth  of  an 
inch  to  several  inches  thick,  of  a  dark-brown,  fine-grained  material, 
which  strikes  fire  readily,  and  shows  under  the  glass  a  large  per- 
centage of  quartz  in  minute  grains,  cemented  by  a  quartz  or  por- 
phyry matrix. 

While  the  limestone  bands  effervesce  strongly  with  acid,  the  dark 
bands  are  not  acted  upon  except  where  they  contain  very  thin 
layers  of  the  limestone.  The  limestone  is,  in  places,  tinged  green, 
probably  from  the  presence  of  a  chlorite.* 

In  the  other  extreme,  the  main  body  of  the  rock  consists  of  the 
silicious  material  just  described,  containing  very  subordinate  layers 
of  the  carbonate.  In  places,  this  laminated  structure  is  highly  con- 
torted ;  the  carbonate  layers  are  often  broken  up,  and  the  fragments 
distributed  very  irregularly  in  the  brown  silicious  rock. 

On  the  weathered  surface  the  removal  of  the  limestone  gives  rise 
to  the  same  flat  cavities,  filled  with  ochrey  earth,  that  we  found  in 
the  rock  accompanying  the  manganese-ores  on  Cuthbertson's  tract. 
On  the  south-west  ^  of  Sec.  20,  T.  33,  R.  4,  E.,  and  over  a 
considerable  portion  of  the  valley  between  this  point  and  Huff's, 
there  is  a  very  compact,  dark-brown,  almost  black  porphyry,  con- 
taining small  crystals  of  white  feldspar  and  grains  of  quartz,  with 
some  disseminated  magnetite.  In  places  the  feldspar  and  quartz 
are  abundantly  crystallized,  but  more  generally  they  are  hardly 
visible  except  under  the  glass.  The  surface  weathers  dirty  yellow, 
and  then  displays  a  distinctly-banded  structure,  which  is  rarely 
apparent  on  fresh  surfaces.  This  is  probably  either  the  equivalent 
of  the  banded  rock  at  Huff's,  or  it  is  younger. 

Another  interesting  instance  of  the  occurrence  of  manganese-ore 
in  porphyry  was  examined  by  assistant  P.  N.  Moore,  on  Section 
16,  T.  33,  R.  2,  E.,  in  Reynolds  County. 

It  occurs  in  one  of  the  members  of  a  series  of  bedded  porphyry 
rocks,  which  may  be  here  briefly  described. 

1st.     A  flesh -colored   porphyry   with    a   very  compact    matrix, 

*  For  an  analysis  of  this  limestone,  see  p.  26. 


MANGANESE  IN  PORPHYRY.  2$ 

abounding  in  grains  of  smoky  quartz  and  crystals  of  feldspar,  is 
overlaid  by 

2d.  A  black  porphyry  with  very  hard  matrix,  abounding  in  grains 
of  smoky  quartz  and  crystals  of  a  triclinic  feldspar.  In  this  occurs 
the  black  oxide  of  manganese  ;  it  is  in  narrow,  comby  strings,  which 
are  in  places  isolated,  in  others  united  to  form  a  reticulated  net- 
work throughout  the  mass  ;  in  this  form  the  rock  resembles  a  con- 
glomerate, the  ore  representing  the  cement.  In  other  instances  the 
manganese  has  wholly  replaced  the  matrix,  the  crystals  of  feldspar 
and  grains  of  quartz  alone  remaining  intact.  Finally,  in  portions 
of  the  rock  the  replacement  has  been  complete  ;  here  no  traces  of 
the  porphyry,  either  crystals  or  matrix,  remain,  while  a  more  or 
less  porous,  semicrystalline  mass  of  the  manganese-ore  takes  their 
place. 

A  specimen  representing  an  intermediate  variety  of  this  series 
was  analyzed  by  Mr.  Chauvenet.  It  is  very  compact  and  hard, 
striking  fire  with  the  steel.  The  matrix  is  jet  black,  with  metallic 
lustre,  and  has  the  same  texture  and  fracture  as  the  parent  por- 
phyry, and,  like  this,  contains  grains  of  quartz  and  crystals  of  feld- 
spar— in  this  instance  not  striated.  The  whole  appearance  of  the 
specimen  is  identical  with  that  of  the  adjacent  porphyry,  except  as 
regards  the  color  and  lustre  of  the  matrix. 

Insoluble 45  •  5  5 

Peroxide  of  Iron 5.48 

Manganese  det.  as  protoxide 37-O4 

Lime 2.73 

Magnesia o.  8 1 

The  analysis  of  the  insoluble  portion  gave — 

Silica 74-9§ 

Alumina 14.69 

Iron none 

Lime  and  Magnesia traces 

Potash 9.64 

Soda 0.67 


99.98 

The  insoluble  portion  is  very  clearly  a  typical  felsitic  porphyry 
with  orthoclase  for  its  feldspar.     It  is  evident  that  the  manganese 


26  GEOLOGY  OF  PILOT  KNOB  AND   VICINITY. 

and  the  other  soluble  constituents  take  the  place  of  more  than  half 
of  the  porphyry  in  this  specimen.  That  the  resemblance  of  the 
ore  to  the  porphyry  is  not  merely  accidental,  is  shown  by  other 
instances  of  a  similar  nature. 

On  the  land  of  Mr.  Ackhurst  (Sec.  19,  T.  33,  R.  4,  E.)  is  a  dark 
porphyry  containing  grains  of  quartz  and  abundant  crystals  of 
white  feldspar ;  the  matrix  is  frequently,  in  places,  a  compact 
manganese-ore. 

It  would  seem  that  we  have,  in  these  occurrences,  instances  of 
replacement ;  but  it  is  difficult  to  imagine  a  direct  substitution  of 
manganese  oxides  for  the  decomposition  products  of  a  porphyry, 
and  all  the  more  so,  in  this  case,  from  the  fact  that  the  analysis  shows 
the  remaining  porphyry,  which  is  intimately  associated  with  the  ore, 
to  have  its  normal  constitution. 

In  this  connection  the  metamorphic  limestone  at  Huff's  (near  the 
manganiferous  ores  on  Cuthbertson's,  Marble's,  and  Ackhurst's 
land)  may  be  of  additional  interest.  As  was  mentioned  before,  this  is 
nearly  wholly  changed  into  a  porphyry  or  jasper  rock,  it  having  here 
a  schistoid  structure,  in  which  the  alternate  laminae  are  an  impure, 
compact  carbonate  of  lime,  having,  according  to  Mr.  Chauvenet's 
analysis,  the  following  constitution  :— 

Insoluble 35-Si 

Peroxide  of  Iron 5-35 

Lime 3 1 .62 

Magnesia i.io 

Carbonic  Acid 25-&3 


99.71 

Here  is  a  member  of  the  porphyry  series  which  was  originally, 
unquestionably,  a  limestone,  but  in  which  the  original  physical  and 
chemical  characteristics  have  almost  wholly  disappeared.  It  should 
not  seem  impossible  that  the  manganiferous  rocks  which  have  been 
described  may  have  had  a  similar  origin,  and  that  the  manganese 
and  iron  oxides  owe  their  present  existence  to  a  former  replacement 
of  the  lime-carbonate  by  iron  and  manganese  salts.  The  porphyry, 
which  now  surrounds  these  ores,  may  be  due  to  a  previous  contem- 
poraneous or  subsequent  replacement  of  the  lime-carbonate  by  silica 
and  silicates. 


PORPHYRY  CONGLOMERATE.  2J 

But  there  is  so  strong  a  resemblance  between  the  mode  of  occur- 
rence of  these  ores  and  that  of  certain  of  the  iron-ores — that  of 
Cedar  Hill,  for  instance — that  any  hypothesis  explaining  the  one 
must  probably  satisfy  the  requirements  of  the  other. 

3d.  Geologically  above  this  manganiferous  bed  lies  a  porphyry 
conglomerate  or  breccia,  consisting  of  pebbles  of  a  red,  compact 
porphyry,  containing  grains  of  quartz  and  crystals  of  feldspar,  ce- 
mented by  porphyry  of  a  similar  character.  This  rock  resembles 
very  strongly  the  Calumet  conglomerate  on  Lake  Superior.  Overly- 
ing this  is 

4th.  A  bright,  red,  compact  jasper,  apparently  an  altered  sandstone 
which  passes  upward  into 

5th.  A  dark-brown,  compact,  banded  porphyry,  abounding  in  mi- 
nute crystals  of  feldspar  and  equally  small  grains  of  quartz.  This 
rock  contains  here  and  there  layers  of  very  small  pebbles,  parallel 
to  the  bands.  Still  higher  this  rock  becomes  darker  colored,  while 
some  of  the  bands  become  green,  from  the  presence  of  epidote. 
Higher  in  the  series  occurs  a  mottled-red  and  greenish-white  rock. 
The  red  portions  are  easily  scratched,  and  the  white  are  still  softer, 
having  about  the  hardness  of  limestone.  Grains  of  quartz  occur  indif- 
ferently through  the  red  and  white  spots,  while  crystals  of  triclinic 
feldspar  are  frequent  in  the  red  spots  and  rare  in  the  white.  At 
first  sight,  the  rock  has  the  appearance  of  a  variegated  marble. 

The  greenish-white  substance  was  analyzed  by  Mr.  Chauvenet, 
with  the  following  result : —  * 

Silica 65.61 

Alumina 20. 52 

Protoxide  of  Iron 1 .99 

Lime .•     1.97 

Magnesia 2-37 

Potash  (trace  of  Soda) 7.93 


100.39 

This  rock  is  clearly  an  altered  porphyry,  and  the  white  portion 
represents  the  more  advanced  change.  It  is  interesting  as  an 
instance  in  which  the  change  appears  to  have  been  accompanied  by 
a  removal  of  silica  and  of  iron,  while  the  alkaline  constituents  were 
apparently  not  affected. 


28  GEOLOGY  OF  PILOT  KNOB  AND   VICINITY. 

Next  above  this  comes 

6th.  A  porphyry  with  brown  matrix,  containing  crystals  of  triclinic 
feldspar,  with  few  or  no  grains  of  quartz,  but  with  numerous  ^  to 
y^  inch  spherical,  crescent-shaped  and  irregular  cavities  filled  with 
quartz,  often  showing  free  crystallization  in  the  centre. 


REPORT  OF  MR.  REGIS  CHAUVENET.  ' 

PROF.  RAPHAEL  PUMPELLY, 

Director  Missouri  Geological  Survey  : 

DEAR  SIR  : — I  herewith  submit  the  results  of  such  of  this  year's 
chemical  work  as  is  fit  for  tabulation,  together  with  a  brief  descrip- 
tion of  the  methods  of  analysis  used,  and  a  short  discussion  of  some 
of  the  more  important  coals,  in  regard  to  their  prominent  chemical 
and  physical  characteristics. 

Respectfully  yours, 

REGIS  CHAUVENET, 

Chemist  of  the  Geological  Survey, 
ST.  Louis,  April-i^  1873. 


CHAPTER   II. 

ANALYSES   OF  FUELS,  IRON-ORES,  AND   PIG-IRONS. 
BY   REGIS   CHAUVENET  AND   A.    A.    BLAIR. 

THE  analyses  of  coals  given  in  these  tables  are  what  are  com- 
monly known  as  "  proximate  "  analyses.  The  four  constituents, 
viz.,  Water,  Volatile  Matter,  Fixed  Carbon,  and  Ash,  can  be  subdi- 
vided into  all  the  elementary  bodies  contained  in  the  coal,  but  in 
most  instances  no  more  elaborate  analysis  was  undertaken.  We 
may  class  these  four  into  combustible  and  incombustible  material. 
Water  and  ash  coming  under  the  latter  head,  their  sum  will  repre- 
sent the  percentage  of  weight  of  the  coal  unavailable  for  heating 
purposes. 

The  method  followed  in  these  examinations  was  one  which  has 
received  the  approval  of  the  best  experimenters.  A  weighed  quan- 
tity of  the  coal,  reduced  to  powder,  was  placed  in  a  platinum  cru- 
cible, and  kept  at  a  constant  temperature  of  110°  C.  until  it  ceased 
to  lose  weight.  An  hour  was  always  sufficient  time  for  this  opera- 
tion. The  loss  indicated  water.  The  crucible  being  now  closed, 
though  not  tightly,  it  was  heated  in  a  Bunsen  gas-burner  until  the 
flame  of  the  escaping  gas  was  no  longer  seen.  The  full  heat  of  a 
gas  blast-lamp  was  then  directed  upon  it  for  three  minutes.  After 
cooling,  the  loss  of  weight  gave  the  volatile  matter.  In  estimating 
ash,  a  fresh  portion  of  coal  was  sometimes  taken,  but  more  fre- 
quently the  coke  left  from  the  last  operation  was  ignited  in  the 
same  crucible,  with  free  access  of  air.  The  loss  of  weight  by  this 
ignition  gave  fixed  carbon,  and  by  deducting  the  weight  of  the 
empty  crucible  from  the  last  weight,  the  amount  of  as/i  was  ob- 
tained. The  color  of  the  ash  was  noted,  as  a  rough  indication  of  its 
composition :  the  white  is  usually  calcite  ;  reddish-browns  are 
due  to  iron  ;  slate  and  chocolate  indicate  shale. 

A  few  coals  were  analyzed  by  the  combustion  furnace  (organic 
analysis)  for  total  carbon  and  hydrogen,  as  well  as  nitrogen  in  a 


32  ANALYSES  OF  FUELS,  IRON-ORES,  AND  PIG-IRONS. 

few  instances.  In  the  table  giving  the  results,  the  last  column  is 
headed  "Deficiency."  The  sum  of  the  total  carbon,  hydrogen  in 
the  volatile  matter,  water,  and  ash,  will  always  fall  short  of  100  per 
cent,  by  a  figure  varying  greatly  in  different  coals.  This  is  called 
the  "  deficiency,"  since  it  cannot.be  all  ascribed  to  oxygen,  though 
probably  oxygen  and  sulphur  (and  nitrogen  in  those  cases  where  it 
is  not  given)  would  fully  supply  the  "deficiency."  The  low  defi- 
ciency of  the  coals  used  at  the  St.  Lours  Gas-works  is  worthy  of 
notice.  The  only  Missouri  coals  besides  these  which  seem  to  prom- 
ise well  are,  unfortunately,  found  in  very  small  seams.  Westlake's 
coal,  in  Pettis  County,  has  been  used  for  gas  at  Sedalia.  As  coking 
gas-coals,  this  coal,  Linn's  (Chariton  County),  George's  (Cass 
County),  and  possibly  Munn's  (Henry  County),  promise  tolerably 
well.  But  no  coal  in  the  whole  number  of  those  examined  is  equal 
to  that  now  in  use  at  the  St.  Louis  Gas-works. 

In  using  the  combustion  furnace,  bi-chromate  of  lead  was  substi- 
tuted for  oxide  of  copper,  and  with  good  results.  The  few  nitrogen 
determinations  were  made  by  mixing  the  sample  with  soda-lime  in 
the  tube,  and  collection  of  the  ammonia  in  hydrochloric  acid,  which 
was  then  treated  in  the  usual  manner,  the  result  always  being  cal- 
culated from  the  metallic  platinum  obtained  from  the  double  chloride 
of  platinum  and  ammonium. 

Sulphur  was  not  determined  in  many  coals.  In  fact,  in  order  to 
get  a  correct  idea  of  the  amount  of  sulphur,  especially  when  it  is 
in  the  form  of  pyrites,  large  samples  are  necessary,  representing 
various  parts  of  the  bed,  and  these  should  be  broken  up  and  tho- 
roughly mixed.  Such  elaborate  sampling  was  not  possible  in  the 
case  of  these  coals.  After  a  few  determinations  of  sulphur,  the 
system  was  followed  of  examining,  for  sulphur,  only  those  coals  in 
which  no  pyrites,  or  very  trivial  quantities,  were  visible  to  the  naked 
eye.  The  impression  being  very  common  that  sulphur  in  coal 
exists  only  in  the  form  of  iron  pyrites  (FeS2),  several  experiments 
were  made  with  a  view  to  testing  the  accuracy  of  this  idea.  A 
table  will  be  found  illustrating  these  experiments,  and  the  single 
example  of  the  "  Baker"  coal  will  show  the  fallacy  of  the  belief. 
Mr.  John  W.  Meier,  of  St.  Louis,  who  has  made  trials  of  various 
coals,  states  that  there  are  other  coals  similar  to  the  "Baker"  in 
containing  sulphur  and  no  iron.  The  question  is  one  of  some 
interest  for  coke-manufacturers.  While  a  large  proportion  of  the 


ANALYSES  OF  COAL.  33 

pyrites  in  coal-slack  can  be  removed  by  washing,  it  is  not  probable 
that  sulphur  not  united  with  iron  could  be  thus  eliminated. 

The  method  adopted  for  the  determination  of  sulphur  was  as 
follows  :  One  gramme  of  the  coal,  well  mixed  and  finely  powdered, 
was  mixed  with  twelve  grammes  of  carbonate  of  soda,  and  from 
four  to  six  of  nitre.  (With  bituminous  coal,  four  is  enough.)  The 
mixture  is  made  in  a  capacious  platinum  crucible,  and  heated  in  the 
flame  of  a  Bunsen  burner  until  in  a  state  of  tranquil  and  complete 
fusion.  After  cooling,  the  mass  is  dissolved  in  water,  the  solution 
acidulated  with  muriatic  acid,  and  evaporated  to  perfect  dryness, 
to  render  any  silica  insoluble,  re-dissolved  in  very  dilute  muriatic 
acid,  filtered,  and  the  filtrate  treated  with  chloride  of  barium,  and 
allowed  to  stand  for  twenty-four  hours.  It  may  here  be  stated  that 
the  very  best  brands  of  "  C.  P."  carbonate  of  soda  contain  sul-. 
phur  in  some  form  ;  hence  it  is  absolutely  necessary  to  make  a  sepa- 
rate test  of  that  re-agent,  and  the  simplest  way  is  probably  to  repeat 
the  operation,  without  the  coal,  and  subtract  the  result  from  that 
first  obtained. 

This  method  is  also  the  best  for  sulphur  in  coke,  a  determination 
which  is  frequently  of  importance.  The  only  difference  is,  that  six 
or  seven  parts  of  nitre  should  be  used  instead  of  four,  as  with  bitu- 
minous coals. 

Specific  Gravity  was  determined  by  the  bottle.  The  sample  was 
always  left  in  contact  with  the  water  for  not  less  than  twelve  hours, 
before  weighing,  in  order  to  thoroughly  expel  the  air. 

In  glancing  at  the  general  results  obtained,  a  few  coals  seem  to 
call  for  special  notice.  The  Pacific  Coal  Company's  mines,  near  Knob 
Noster,  Johnson  County,  are  extensive,  at  least  as  compared  with 
most  of  the  developments  in  that  region,  and  the  coal,  of  which 
large  and  well-averaged  samples  were  obtained,  is  remarkably  free 
from  sulphur,  being  in  this  respect  superior  to  most  Illinois  coals. 
This  coal  is  much  used  on  the  Mo.  P.  R.  R.,  and  although  its  ash 
never  falls  below  eight  per  cent,  and  sometimes  exceeds  ten,  it  is 
probable  that  the  trouble  this  would  cause  in  burning  it  in  locomo- 
tives, is  more  than  counterbalanced  by  its  freedom  from  sulphur, 
and  the  consequent  saving  in  boiler-repairs.  Over  this  coal  is  a 
curious  shale,  decomposing  rapidly  upon  exposure  to  the  air,  and 
consequently  never  left  in  the  workings.  It  is  very  bituminous,  is 
used  to  run  the  hoisting-engine,  etc.  at  the  mine,  and  when  thrown 
3 


34        ANALYSES  OF  FUELS,  IRON- ORES,  AND  PIG-IRONS. 

in  heaps,  heats  and  finally  takes  fire  spontaneously.     It  is  of  small 
value  as  a  fuel. 

Near  Warrensburgh  are  some  excellent  coals,  but  in  thin  seams, 
and  not  worked  upon  any  extensive  scale.  As  a  class,  these  coals 
show  a  very  low  ash.  South  of  the  town,  and  some  miles  from  any 
other  opening,  is  Grove's  coal,  which,  from  the  character  of  its 
"  top,"  its  somewhat  greater  thickness,  and  its  analysis,  seems  to 
belong  to  a  different  seam  from  the  other  Warrensburgh  coals,  but 
when  visited  was  just  opened,  and  but  little  could  be  determined 
about  it. 

Linn's  Coal  (Chariton  County)  is  quite  remarkable  for  its  low 
percentage  of  ash  (1.64),  being  the  best  coal  examined  in  this  re- 
spect. Equally  curious  are  some  of  the  Ray  County  coals  in  their 
high  per  cent,  of  water,  one  sample  from  Hayson's  (Swanwick) 
mine  giving  12.55  per  cent. 

No  true  "  cannel"  coal  was  examined.  Many  bituminous 
shales  are  known  as  such  in  their  respective  neighborhoods,  but 
their  ash  (25  to  40)  is  too  high,  and  their  use  must  remain  very 
limited. 

Several  analyses  of  ores,  clays,  and  limestones  are  appended  to 
these  tables.  Though  these  are  given  in  the  text,  under  their  pro- 
per heads,  it  may  be  convenient,  for  some  purposes,  to  have  all  the 
analytical  results  brought  together.  While  the  tables  here  given 
do  not  include  all  the  chemical  work  done  during  the  past  year,  it 
is  believed  that  no  result  of  interest  or  importance  has  been 
omitted. 

RAY  COUNTY. 


NAME  OF  COAL. 

Water. 

Volatile. 

Fixed 
Carbon. 

Ash. 

COLOR  OF  ASH. 

Smith's  

.10.05 

38.55 

45-40 

6.00 

White. 

Howell's  

.  8.05 

41.85 

45.80 

4-3° 

Do. 

Oberhultz  

.  11.02 

32.48 

46.30 

IO.2O 

Gray. 

Hughes  

.   8.IS 

37.60 

46.35 

7.90 

Light  brown. 

Godfrey  

.   7.20 

30.30 

37.30 

25.2O 

Brown. 

Camden  Mines  

.10.33 

37-73 

42.04 

9.90 

Gray. 

Swanwick  Hayson's, 

top  

.  10.00 

37.85 

48.30 

3-85 

Light  brown. 

Do. 

middle.  .  .  . 

.12.55 

37-05 

46.65 

5-75. 

White. 

Do. 

bottom.  .  . 

.  1  1.  20 

38-50 

46.70 

3.60 

Nearly  white. 

Coke  made  from  Camden  coal.  .  . 

.  3-25 

4.88 

83.37 

8.50 

* 

PETTIS  COUNTY. 

Newport's  , 

•  3-95 

33-iQ 

46.26 

16.69 

Red. 

West  lake's  , 

•   4-47 

39-19 

51-73 

4.61 

Gray. 

*  This  coke  was  from  "  Collins' s"  coal. 


ANALYSES  OF   COAL. 


35 


SAINT  LOUIS  COUNTY. 


NAME  OF  COAL. 

Water.       Volatile.        rFifd 
Carbon. 

Ash.            COLOR  OF  ASH. 

Parker  &  Russell  

...    9.17         38.49        43.19 

9.15     Light  gray. 

Do  

.  ...    9.55         38.28        42.99 

9.18            Do. 

HENRY  COUNTY. 

Jordan,  top   

...   3.47      42.18      45.85 

8.  50     Purple  gray. 

Do.     bottom  

•••   S-H      37-91       46-82 

10.  13             Do. 

Owens,  near  Clinton  

...   8.30      36.95      48.65 

6.  10     White,  faint  purple. 

Do.      middle  

...   7.14       38-66      48.35 

5.85     Nearly  white. 

Williamson  

...   7.76      44.77      43.32 

4.15     Dark  purple. 

Munn's  

•••   7-50      37-30      50-75 

4.45     Red. 

H.  Neff  

...   5.89       38.01       39.97 

16.13     Light  chocolate. 

Ogan's  

...   8.48       33.96      43.16 

14.40     Chocolate. 

Britt's,  top  

...  2.89      28.55       50.71 

17.85     Reddish. 

Do.      middle  

...   3.88      43.67      43.42 

9.03     Light  gray. 

Osage  Coal  Co  

•  •  5-65       36.95       41-87 

15-53             Uo. 

Do.          bottom  

...  4.86      41.74       37.24 

1  6.  1  6     Light  chocolate. 

LA  FAYETTE  COUNTY 

Franke's  

•  ••  5-55      42.95      44-08 

7.42     Light  brown. 

Payne's,   top  

...  8.85      37.25      44.80 

9.10     Cream. 

Do.       middle  

...  7.02      37.67      39.66 

15.65     Very  light  brown. 

Do.        bottom  

...  7-75      34-05      4°-°3 

18.17     Light  chocolate. 

Ennis  &  Cundiff,   top  

...6.95      42.61      43.42 

7.02                 Do. 

Do.               near  bottom 

.  ..  7.03      40.72      47.11 

5.  14     Chocolate. 

*  Lexington  Coal  Co.,  top   .  . 

...  5.79      36.03      47.31 

10.87     Light  brown. 

Do.               middle.. 

...  8.15      34.71      47.29 

9.85              Do. 

Do.               near  bottom    6.36       36.28       47.80 

9.56     Yellow  brown. 

Do.               bottom.  . 

...  6.25       35.03      50.04 

8.68     Very  light  brown. 

*Tilden  Davis  

.  ..  8.21       37.56      46.84 

7.39     Nearly  white. 

*Graham's  

•••  6-53      35.I9      47-46 

10.85     Very  light  brown. 

JOHNSON  COUNTY. 

Mrs.  Wingfield's  

.  ..   7-31       41-88      46.36 

4.45     Pale  red-brown. 

Sylvester  Orr's  

...   5.87      40.06      43.45 

10.62     Dark  gray. 

Bruce's  

•••   5-31       43-65      43-12 

7.92     Pale  gray. 

Tapscott's  

...   3.30      36.85       33.05 

26.80     Light  slate. 

B.  Owsley  

.  ..   7-40      43-°7       38.37 

1  1.  1  6     Pinkish  gray. 

•Pacific  mines  

.   4  28      40.30      47.22 

8.  20     Nearly  white. 

Do  

...  4-29      40.24      47.27 

8.20               Do. 

Do  

...  4.85       39.85      45.30 

10.00     White. 

Do  

.  ..  4.60      42  50      44.55 

8.35         Do. 

iZimmermann's  

.  ..   6.77      45.10      44.01 

4.12     Very  pale  slate. 

:         Do.              bottom  .... 

.  ..   7.09      42.14      47.15 

3.62     Pale  brown. 

iZoll's,  top  

••   5-39      45-89     -45-56 

4.  1  6     Pale  gray. 

:  Do.     bottom  

•  •  6.32      45.38      44.98 

3.32           Do. 

:Grove's  

..   7.80       34.90      51.20 

6.10     Reddish  slate. 

:Gillum's  

.  .   7.29      42.27       46.95 

3.49     Slate. 

:Goudy's  

.  .   5.60      44-95      44-45 

5.00     Pale  brown. 

^Mineral  charcoal  

•••    i-59       15-63       71-28 

11.50     Reddish  slate. 

LINCOLN   COUNTY. 

Link'  s,  top  

..  8.17       32.58      46.50 

12.75     Light  gray. 

Do.     next  top  

•  •   7-85       32-75       46-25 

12.65             D°' 

Do.    middle  

..   8.40      35.22      46.33 

10.05             D°- 

Do.    below  middle  

••  8.25       34.55       47.50 

9.70             Do. 

Do.     bottom  

•  •  7-9°      33-9°      49.0° 

9.20     Light  brown. 

*  From  the  Lexington  coal-bed. 
$  Warrensburj;h  coals. 


t  Near  Knob  Noster. 

§  From  Zoll's  bank,  Warrensburgh. 


36        ANALYSES  OF  FUELS,  IRON- ORES,  AND  PIG-IRONS. 


NAME  OF  COAL.                       Water.  Volatile.  p   'uC  Ash.            COLOR  OK  ASH. 

Baker's 8.50  39-5o  46.45  5.55  White. 

Meadows's,  top 6.30  39.20  44-30  10.20  Light  brown. 

Do.         bottom 6.75  36.80  42.00  14.45             ^°- 

Upson's 1.15  41.25  49.60  8.00  Very  pale  brown. 

Mine's 6.75  36.40  45-75  n.io  Light  red-brown. 

CARROLL  COUNTY. 

Jas.  Goodson's 2.97       36.36       47.83  12.84  Light  brown,  [specks. 

Jos.  Meddlin's 2.07       29.94       47.03  20.96  Dark     brown,    white 

"  Little  Compton " 4.37       44.58       47-21  3.84  Reddish  brown. 

SALINE   COUNTY. 

L.  Bohn 6.02       40.33       42.09       11.56     Pink. 

Haynie  [Miami] 2.58       31.22       35-i8       31.02     Deep  red.         [specks. 

"Cannel"* 3.53       48.30      42.39         5.78     White,     with     brown 

PITTSBURGH  (PA.).     (ST.  Louis  GAS-WORKS.) 
Average  sample 1.31       36.61       54. 17         7.91     Faint  gray. 

BIG  MUDDY  COAL  (ILL.). 

Sample  No.  i 5.86       33.08       57.48         3.58 

Do.       2 5.88      32.81       57.66        3.65 

CHARITON   COUNTY. 
Linn's 5.82       38.01       54-53         1.64     Salmon. 

ANDREW  COUNTY. 
Niagara  Creek 8.94      34-75       45-38       10.93     Red  brown. 

LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 
Graham's 5.38       42.27       44.98         7.37     Pale  brown. 

NODAWAY  COUNTY. 

J.  C.  Smith's 3.53       42.72       40.71       13.04     Very  light  brown. 

CASS  COUNTY. 
George's 7.80      33.20       55-75         3-25     Rich  brown. 

MACON  COUNTY. 

"Bevier" 12.05       4°-75       43-5°        3-7°     Pinkish  gray. 

CALLAWAY  COUNTY. 

Fulton  Coal  Co 7.43       38.90      45.85         7.82     Pink. 

Nesbitt's 5.00       33-95       40.73       20.32     Dark  purple  slate. 

NEBRASKA  (STATE),  NEAR  NEMAHA. 
Omaha  Coal  Mining  Co 4.93      38.17      49-44        7-46     Red  brown. 

SULPHUR  AND  IRON — COALP. 

Sulphur  required  c       •£ 

NAME  OF  COAL.  IRON.  SULPHUR.         by  iron  to  form  Gravit 

Fe  Sz. 

Smith's,   Ray  Co 0.84  2.41  0.96  .249 

Godfrey's,  Ray  Co 2.83  4-179  3-23  .293 

Newport's,  Pettis Co 3.99  4.406  4.56  .347 

Zoll's,  Johnson  Co 1.05  2.916  1.20  .243 

Pacific  Mines,  Johnson  Co 0.49  0.759  °-56  -35o 

Link,  Lincoln  Co 0.70  2.036  0.80  .255 


*  Locality  not  known.     Used  at  St.  Louis  Gas-works'. 


ANALYSES  OF  COAL. 


37 


NAME  OF  COAL.                                IRON.  SULPHUR. 

Hines,  Lincoln  Co 5.21  2. 230 

Meadows,  Lincoln  Co 4-44  4.910 

Baker,  Lincoln  Co none  2.632 

Pittsburgh  (St.  Louis  Gas-works) 0.56  0.770 

Howells,  Ray  Co 2. 702 

Oberhultz,  Ray  Co 4. 609 

Hughes,  Ray  Co 4-17° 

Mrs.  Wingfield's,  Johnson  Co 4. 504 

Westlake's,  Pettis  Co 2.670 


Sulphur  required 
by  iron  to  form 
Fe  Sz. 

Specific 
Gravity. 

5-95 

5-07 

.... 

none 

1.165 

0.64 

.... 

1-257 

.... 

1.277 

.... 

1.328 

1.252 

SPECIFIC  GRAVITY  OF  A  FEW  COALS. 


NAME.  Sp.  Gr. 

Smith's,  Ray  Co i .  249 

Howell's,  Ray  Co x-257 

Oberhultz,  Ray  Co 1.277 

Hughes,  Ray  Co 1.328 

Godfrey,  Ray  Co 1 . 293 

Newport,  Pettis  Co J-347 

Westlake,  Pettis  Co i.  319 

Groves,  Johnson  Co 1.312 

Goudy's,  Johnson  Co 1.228 

Zoll's,  Johnson  Co 1.243 


NAME.  Sp.  Gr. 

Zimmermann's,  Johnson  Co 1.225 

Mrs.   Wingfield's,  Johnson  Co 1.252 

Sylv.  Orr's,  Johnson  Co 1-377 

Bruce' s,  Johnson  Co 

Tapscott's,  Johnson  Co. . . 
Pacific  Mines,  Johnson  Co. 

George's,  Cass  Co 

Link,  Lincoln  Co.. 


271 

529 
350 
,261 

•255 

Baker,  Lincoln  Co I- 165 

Mineral  charcoal 1.803 


ULTIMATE  ANALYSES  OF  COAL. 


NAME  OF  COAL. 

a 

T3 

X 
fa 

Combined 
Carbon. 

Total  Carbon. 

1 

.£  •" 
e  3 

£'" 

'4 

•o 

"a  c 
£ti 

Nitrogen. 

, 

1 

i 

Ik 

% 

Q 

11.08 
11.09 

6.90 
10.70 

8-77 
6-35 
11.05 

18.35 
6.01 

7-03 

Pacific  Mines,  Johnson  Co. 
Mrs.  Wingfield's,        " 
Tapscott's    shale,    known 
as  "  cannel"  

47-22 

46.38 
33-05 
45.56 

44.01 

46.95 
51  .20 

51.73 

54.17 

42.39 

23.11 
25.98 

24.96 

28.72 

30.75 
29.56 
17.32 
10.50 
17.50 

23-45 
35-27 

70.33 
72.34 

58.01 

74.28 

74-76 
76.51 
68.52 
66.25 
69.23 

77.62 

77-66 

0.47 
0.81 

0-37 
0.60 

0.75 
0.81 
0.86 
0.86 
0.50 

0.14 
°-39 

4.66 
4.81 

5-47 

4.80 
4.81 
4-35 
4-99 

6.00 

5'13 
5.62 

6.07 

6-33 
5-6i 
5.67 

5-49 
6-39 

1-45 

i.56 
1.72 

1.84 

4.28 
7-31 

3-30 

6.77 
7.29 
7.80 
7.80 

4-47 

1-31 

3-53 

8.20 

4-45 
26.80 
4.16 

4.12 

3-49 
6.10 

3-25 
4.61 

7.91 

5.78 

Zoll's,  Johnson  Co.,  (War- 
rensburgh)  

Zimmermann's,      Johnson 
Co  

Gillem's,  Johnson  Co.  .  .  . 
Grove's,              "         .... 
George's,  Cass  Co  

Westlake's,  Pettis  Co  
Pittsburgh,     used    at    St. 
Louis  Gas-works  

Saline      Co.      "Cannel," 
used  at  St.   Louis  Gas- 
works   

HYDRAULIC  LIMESTONE,  LINCOLN  COUNTY,  OVER  MEADOWS'S  COAL. 
Silica. .  .  .......  .21, 


35 


Peroxide  of  iron i.  79 

Lime 42. 1 6 

Magnesia 0.66 

Carbonic  acid 34-14 


38         ANALYSES  OF  FUELS,  IRON-ORES,  AND  PIG-IRONS. 
CLAYS  FROM  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

Under  Coal  in 

Baker's  Shaft.  Morris's  Shaft.  Colbert's. 

^.llca: 34-40  72.35  65.35 

Alumina *i8.6a  18.11  23.25 


Lime. 


.      I5-27                            1-09  0.52 

Magnesia 6.25                            1.48  1.27 

Hygroscopic  water 1-46  2.14 

Water  of  composition 123.09                           3.05  4.83 

LINCOLN  COUNTY  IRON-ORES.— PARTIAL  ANALYSES. 

Morris's  Morris's  Morris's  Morris's 

Shaft,  i.  Shaft.  2.  Shaft.  3.  Shaft.  4.  Humphrey's.  Murphy's. 

Insoluble  silicious 26.98  15-42  7.74  n.66  4.10 

Peroxide  of  iron 4.72  63.12  79-64  84.30  86.56  95-32 

(Metallic  iron) 3.30  44-i8  55.75  59.01  60.59  66.72 

A  BOWLDER  OF  RED  HEMATITE  FROM  T.  49,  R.  i,  E. 
Section  12,  Lincoln  County,  gave — 

Insoluble  silicious 7-55 

Peroxide  of  iron 9J-95 

(Metallic  iron) 64.36 

Sulphur 0.017 

Phosphoric  acid 0.023 

(Phosphorus) o.oio 

CLAYS  FROM  PILOT  KNOB. 

Brown.  White. 

Hygroscopic  water 2.90  2.20 

Water  of  composition 7-95  7-3° 

Silica 57-22  63.50 

Alumina 22.89  24.55 

Peroxide  of  iron 7.81  none 

Lime i.io  1.60 

Magnesia 0.46  0.48 


100.33  99-63 

LIMESTONE  OF  ST.  JOSEPH  BRIDGE. 

Silica  ...................................................................  4.  25 

Peroxide  of  iron  ..........................................................  I.  oo 


_  ...............................................................   3055 

M  agnesia  ................................................................    1  9.  09 

Carbonic  acid  ............................................................   44-  6l 


99.50 
Per  cent,  of  magnesia  less  than  in  dolomite. 

LIMESTONES. — IRON  COUNTY. 

ABC  Pyritiferous. 

Insoluble  silicious 5.11                   3.85                   2.06  17.88 

Peroxide  of  iron £4.67                   1.07                   none  3.75 

Carbonate  of  lime , 47-5°                 52-5o                 54-32  43-52 

Carbonate  of  magnesia 42.19                 42.56                 43-82  34-^5 

If  the  percentage  of  carbonate  of  lime  in  these  analyses  is  assumed  as  one  equivalent, 
and  the  corresponding  amount  of  carbonate  of  magnesia  calculated  according  to  the  formulae 
for  dolomite,  CaO,  CO2,  MgO,  COS,  we  have — 

ABC  Pyritiferous. 

MgO,  CO2 39.89          %     44.09  45.62  36.55 

*  With  some  peroxide  of  iior.  t  Total  loss  by  strong  ignition,  including  a  little  carbonic  acid. 

\  Iron  and  alumina. 


ANALYSES  OF  IRON-ORES.  39 

by  which  it  appears  that  A  has  more  magnesia  (in  proportion  to  its  lime)  than  dolomite — 
the  others  less. 

METAMORPHIC  LIMESTONE.     (Sec.  19,  T.  33,  R.  4,  E.) 

Insoluble  silicious 35-  81 

Peroxide  of  iron 5-35 

Lime 31-62 

Magnesia 1. 10 

Carbonic  acid 25.83 


99.71 
MANGANIFEROUS  IRON-ORES. 

lUiford         Kuford  Mt.  A  239  A  240  Marble's 

Mountain.       Upper  cut.  Marble's.  Marble's.  Field. 

Insoluble  silicious  matter 8.54  13-42  17.66  35-96  Jo-35 

Peroxide  of  iron 68.30  85.76  49-34  58.70  14.22 

Manganese  (reduced  to  protoxide)   15.84  trace  21. 18  3-77  S1-0^ 

Lime 2. 75 

Magnesia ....  ....  ....  0.43 

Sulphur 0.017  Water  3.89 

Phosphoric  acid 0. 102  ....  ....  .... 

Metallic  iron 47-8i  60.03  34-54  41.09  9.95 

Metallic  manganese 12.22               16.34  2.91  39-38 

Cuthbertson's  Cuthbertson's 

Manganese-ore.  Iron-ore. 

Insoluble  silicious 0.44  2.45 

Peroxide  of  iron 3. 30  97-85 

Protoxide  of  manganese , 68.02  trace  of  Mn. 

Metallic  manganese 52.47 

"SHUT-IN"  ORES. 

A  27.  A  29.  A  29. 

Insoluble  silicious  matter 1. 75                        2. 10  .... 

Peroxide  of  iron 93-9°  98-50  .... 

Sulphur o.  078  .... 

Phosphoric  acid 0.057  0.062 


ANALYTICAL  LABORATORY  OF  CHAUVENET  &  BLAIR, 

218  Pine  St.,  Saint  Louis,  April  21,  1873. 

PROF.  R.  PUMPELLY, 

Director  Missouri  Geological  Survey  : 

DEAR  SIR  : — At  your  suggestion  I  hereby  submit,  in  a  tabulated 
form,  for  convenience  of  reference,  the  analyses  of  iron-ores  and 
pig-irons  made  by  me  for  the  survey,  from  samples  taken  by  Dr. 
Adolf  Schmidt.  These  analyses  were  made  for  the  immediate  use 
of  Dr.  Schmidt,  and  are  incorporated  in  his  exhaustive  report. 
There  are  also  a  number  of  analyses  made  for  private  parties  and 
published  by  their  permission.  In  determining  the  amounts  of  sul- 
phur and  phosphorus  in  the  ores  and  pig-irons,  5  grammes  of  the 
material  was  always  used;  consequently  "a  trace"  of  sulphur  or 
phosphorus  means  a  trace  in  5  grammes. 

It  had  been  my  intention  to  devote  some  space  to  the  chemical 


40       ANALYSES  OF  FUELS,  IRON- ORES,  AND  PIG-IRONS. 

action  of  some  of  the  iron-ores  in  the  blast-furnace,  and  the  nature 
of  this  action  especially  in  relation  to  silicon  in  the  resulting  pig- 
metal  ;  but  the  impossibility  of  getting  perfectly  reliable  data  in 
many  cases,  and  the  objections  of  iron-masters,  in  others,  to  make 
public  the  results  of  their  experiments,  oblige  me  to  defer  it  to 
some  future  time. 

Yours,  very  respectfully, 

ANDREW  A.  BLAIR. 


Insol.  silicious  matter. 

2ft. 

IRON  MOUNTAIN  ORES. 

2ft.            2b.           2b,            27. 

6.76$    

127-          31-              5- 

128. 

Peroxide  of  iron  
Protoxide  of  iron  

2.  34 

—  86.75     96.78$ 

1  72 

95.15$   95.04 

Alumina  

O.Q3 

O.  71 

Lime  

0.41; 

Oil 

Magnesia  .  . 

O.  IQ 

Manganese.  .  . 

none 

....                   none 

Sulphur  .  . 

none 

none     none       none     0.016 

o  008     0.003     o  °°5 

O  OI2 

Phosphoric  acid  

0.212 

0.248   0.081     0.073   o  119 

o.  1  12     o  125     o  071 

o  067 

100.322 

- 

100.586 

Insol.  silicious  matter. 
Silica  

3.00$ 

3.28$ 

4.  14.$      I   175! 

Alumina  

0.47 

Lime  

0.06 

Magnesia  

0.03 

4-55 

1.65 

Metallic  iron  
Phosphorus.  .  . 

65.78 
o.  no 

....     65.17      ....    67.75$ 
0.108     0.031;    0.030    0.012 

66.60$   68.63 
0.04Q      0.017      0.031 

O.O2Q 

2<7,  zb. — Specular  ore  from  enclosed  conglomerate  mass  in  the  backbone-vein,  cut  A,  on 
south  side  of  Iron  Mountain. 

20.  deflects  the  compass-needle ;  2b  does  not,  yet  2l>  is  more  magnetic  and  contains 
more  magnetic  oxide  than  za. 

These  two  samples  being  practically  the  same,  the  great  difference  in  the  amounts  of 
phosphoric  acid  seemed  unreasonable.  The  analyses  were  therefore  repeated,  and  the  results 
were  practically  as  before. 

27. — Specular  ore  from  backbone-vein,  cut  II,  north  side  of  mountain. 

127. — Average  sample  of  quarry-ore  taken  by  Maj.  Brooks. 

31. — Average  sample  of  surface-ore  from  western  slope. 

5.  —  Average  sample  of  surface-ore  from  south-east  slope. 

128. — Average  sample  of  surface-ore  taken  by  Maj.  Brooks. 

All  the  samples,  except  127  and  128,  were  taken  by  Dr.  Schmidt. 

NOTE. —  The  samples  Nos.  127  and  128  were  collected  by  Maj.  T.  B.  Brooks  with  great 
care,  and  represent  thousands  of  chippings,  in  127  from  the  quarry-ore,  and  in  128  from 
the  loose  surface-ore.  After  being  thoroughly  powdered,  portions  were  sent  by  Maj. 
Brooks  to  three  chemists,  viz. :  Prof.  Allen,  of  Yale  College,  Mr.  Otto  Wuth,  of  Pitts- 
burgh, and  Mr.  A.  A.  Blair,  of  St.  Louis.  As  the  determination  of  phosphorus  and  sul- 
phur in  perfectly  average  samples  of  this  great  ore-deposit,  is  a  subject  of  considerable 
technical  interest,  the  results  obtained  are  here  given  : — 


ANALYSES  OF  IRON- ORES. 


41 


No.  127 — Quarry-Ore. 


WUTH. 


Phosphorus 0.016  0.043 

Sulphur .... 

No.  128 — Surf  ace- Ore. 

Phosphorus 0.016  0.025 

Sulphur. .... 

PILOT  KNOB  ORES. 


ALLEN. 
Double  determination. 

0.042 


O.O26 


47- 

Insoluble  silicious  matter 14.75$ 

Peroxide  of  iron 84.33 

Protoxide  of  iron o.  15 

Alumina °-  75 

Lime o.  2 1 

Magnesia o.  14 

Manganese none 

Sulphur traces 

Phosphoric  acid °-°35 


45- 

5-57$ 
90.87 
1.67 

0-53 
1.76 

0.13 
none 
0.078 
0.069 


45  (Rep.). 


36. 


BLAIR. 

0.049 
O.OOS 


0.029 
O.OI2 

[R.  P.] 

16. 


67. 


62.88$ 


0.063 


o.co6 
0.092 


0.079 

O.  IOI 


100.365     100.677 


Insoluble  silicious  matter. 

Silica 13.27 

Alumina  and  trace  of  oxide  of  iron ...      i  .44 


0.36 


Metallic  iron 59. 15         64.91 

Phosphorus 0.015         0.031 


0.027 


47.16 
0.041 


44.01 
0.044 


50.  46.  4?.  40. 

Peroxide  of  iron 87.18$       83.28$         77.02$         52.18$ 

Metallic  iron 61.03         58.29  53-91  36.52 

47.  Soft  ore  from  central  cut  (B).  45.  Hard  ore  from  central  cut  (B).  36.  Ore  from 
lower  strata  eastern  cut  (C).  16.  Average  sample  from  upper  strata  eastern  cut.  50. 
Specular  ore  from  western  cut  (A).  46.  Hard  ore  from  central  cut  (B).  48.  Ore  in 
conglomerate  central  cut.  40.  Average  sample  of  better  ore  on  refuse-heaps.  All  taken 
by  Dr.  Schmidt. 

SHEPHERD  MOUNTAIN,  ETC. 


Insoluble  silicious  matter.  , 

20. 

s.is$ 

21.                             23. 
6.76$                 

68. 

C.H. 

5.62$ 

L.M. 

IZ.T.T.% 

Peroxide  of  iron  

Q4.84. 

88.  56          96.  70$ 

70.  -3q$ 

07.  C4. 

84.60 

Protoxide  of  iron  

.      1.  80 

2.  07 

14.22 

Alumina       

O.^2 

Lime        

0.35              

0.^8 

Magnesia  

O.O4. 

o.  15 

Manganese  

none          

none 

minute  trace    

none 

Sulphur  

none 

none            none 

none 

none 

O.O2I 

Phosphoric  acid   

o.  02  < 

0.039           °-°32 

0.0^8 

O.OQO 

o.  06  s 

1  00.866 

Insol.  silicious  matter. 
Silica  

4.o^$ 

5.98$ 

14.45$ 

Peroxide  of  iron  

O.O7 

none 

Alumina  ... 

c  46 

°-5l 

Lime  ... 

O  12                    .... 

0.06 

Magnesia  

o.oz 

0.04 

6  68          

i;.o6 

Metallic  iron  

.  66.  ?2 

64..3I             67.6q 

66.61 

6s.  47 

59.22 

Phosphorus.  . 

O.OII 

0.017           0.014. 

0.017 

0.039 

0.027 

42        ANALYSES  OF  FUELS,  IRON- ORES,  AND  PIG-IRONS. 

20.  Average  sample  upper  part  of  central  vein  (B). 

21.  lower         " 

23.    Soft  ore  from  "  "  "          " 

68.   Ore  from  eastern  vein. 

The  above  all  taken  by  Dr.  Schmidt. 

C.  H.  Sample  of  Cedar  Hill  ore  taken  by  Prof.  Pumpelly,  and  representing  average  of 
vein . 

L.M.  Sample  of  Lewis  Mountain  ore  taken  by  Prof.  Wm.  B.  Potter,  and  analyzed  for 
Pilot  Knob  Company,  by  whose  permission  it  is  published. 


SPECULAR  AND  RED  HEMATITE  ORES. 


6. 


Insoluble  silicious  matter. .    11.19^         9.30.^  .....             0.87^ 

Peroxide  of  iron 85.95         76.45  27.40  87.92  97-23           98.96 

Protoxide  of  iron °-  77          4. 1 1  ....            

Alumina o.  97          

Lime 0.12         36.01  

Magnesia 0.07         

Manganese none         

Carbonic  acid 0.48          29. 51  

Water 0.46         13-65  2.45  0.03             0.47           

Sulphur 0.126         0.052  0.044  none  none           trace 

Phosphoric  acid. . 0.116         0.478  0.09^  0.089  0.092           0.062 

loo.  252       

Insoluble  silicious  matter. 

Silica 9-78$         6.78$  0.27$  11-32^            2.06%       

Alumina 1.33           

Lime none          .....  

Magnesia 0.12           

11-23           ..            

Metallic  iron 60.76         53-51  22.38  61.54  68.08           69.27 

Phosphorus 0.051         0.208  0.043  °-°39  0.040           0.027 

i.  Purple  paint-ore  from  Meramec  mine.  2.  Oclirey  ore  from  do.  3.  Red  ore  and 

yellow  rock,  with  spathic  ore,  from  do.  4.  Hard,  silicious  specular  ore  from  do.  5. 
Average  sample  best  specular  ore  from  do. 

I,  2,  3,  4,  and  5,  taken  by  Dr.  Schmidt. 

6.  Blue  specular  ore  from  Orchard  bank,  Salem  District,  Dent  County,  analyzed  for 

Mr.  O.  A.  Zane,  and  published  by  permission.  Now  worked  by  Salem  Iron  Company. 


SPECULAR  AND  RED  HEMATITE  ORES. 


7*. 


Silica . . .  •. o.  69,1 

Peroxide  of  iron 97-94 

Protoxide  of  iron trace 

Alumina 1.17 

Lime . .  


97.08 
0.31 
1.50 


•1,9% 
•37 


835^ 


78.38^ 


Hygroscopic  water 0.02 

Combined  water o.  19 

Carbonic  acid none 

Sulphur none 

Phosphoric  acid 0.068 


0.08  | 
0.23) 

0.21 

none 
0.079 


3-09 


trace 
0.207 


Insoluble  silicious  matter 

Metallic  iron 68.56         68.19  61.86 

Phosphorus 0.029         °-°34  0.091 


0.079 
I7-05 


0-034 


0.083         0.205 


5-73 
63.02 
0.036 


14-13 

54-86 
0.089 


7#,  7$.   Piece  of  ore  from  Iron  Ridge,  partly  blue  specular  and  partly  red  paint-ore  ;    fa, 
blue  specular,  "jb,  soft,  red  paint-ore.     These  samples  were  taken  for  a  comparison  of  the 


ANALYSES  OF  PIG-IRONS.  43 

two  kinds  of  ore,  and  is  particularly  interesting  on  that  account.  8.  Average  sample  from 
Iron  Ridge  mine. 

The  above  taken  by  Dr.  Schmidt. 

9.  Blue  specular  ore  from  Beaver  Branch.  10.  Partly  decomposed  ore  from  same.  n. 
Soft  paint-ore  from  same.  These  Beaver  Branch  ores  were  analyzed  for  Missouri  Furnace 
Company,  and  are  published  by  permission. 

BROWN  HEMATITE  ORES. 

i.  2.              3.              4.              5.             6.               7.                             9. 

Insol.  silic.  matter 8.66$    7.17$     7.42$     8.35^ 

Peroxide  of  iron 84.02$  77.42$  82.02$     84.10$  81.96     78.73     79.82     79.53 

Water 10.98     12.49     12.80      11.60      

Sulphur 0.171  0.147     0.015     0.084    none      none       0.009    trace      none 

Phosphoric  acid. ...     0.861     0.076     0.091     0.084     0.077     

Manganese none      

Silica 3.08       8.05       5.13      3.59    

Metallic  iron 58.81     54.19     57.41       58.87     57.37     55.11     55.87     55.67 

Phosphorus 0.376     0.034     0.041     0.037     0.034     0.058     0.081     0.061     0.071 

10.  n.  12.  13.  14.  IS-  I6- 

Insol.  silic.  matter. .     4.88$     3.60$     6.97$    4.34$     9.41$  39.22$     7.08$ 

Peroxide  of  iron 82.27     85-°9     80.98     78.38     80.35  49-12     75.42 

Water 8.87       

Sulphur trace      trace      none      none      trace      o.oor     0.035 

Phosphoric  acid 2.891     0.249     0.206     0.859 

Metallic  iron 57.59     59.55     56.68     54.86     56.24     34.38     52.79 

Phosphorus 0.074     0.028     0.123      1.262     0.109     0.089     0.375 

I.  Brown  and  red  hematite  from  Marmaduke  bank.  2.  Limonite  from  Sheldon  bank. 
3.  Do.  from  White  bank.  4.  Do.  (pipe-ore)  from  Elm  Hollow  bank.  5.  Do.  do.  from 
Indian  Creek  bank.  All  on  the  Osage  River. 

6,  7,  8,  9,  10,  II.  From  Camden  Co.  Analyzed  for  Mr.  H.  S.  Reed,  and  published  by 
permission. 

12.  From  Perry  Co.     Analyzed  for  Mr.  Reed,  and  published  by  permission. 

13.  From  Perry  Co.,  opposite  Grand  Tower.     Analyzed  for  Big  Muddy  Iron  Company, 
and  published  by  permission  of  Mr.  Jas.  E.  Mills,  Vice-President. 

14.  From  Indian  Ford,   Bellinger  Co.     Analyzed  for  Mr.  Win.  B.  Spear,  and  published 
by  permission. 

15.  From  near  Irondale,  and  used  in  the  furnaces  there  and  at  Iron  Mountain.     Ana- 
lyzed for  Messrs.  E.  Harrison  &  Company,  and  published  by  permission. 

16.  Analyzed  for  Wm.  E.  Romer,  Esq.,  of  Grand  Tower,  and  published  by  permission. 
I,  2,  3,  4,  and  5  samples  were  taken  by  Dr.  Schmidt. 

PlG-lRONS. 
I.  2.  3.  4-  5-  6.  7.  8.  9. 

Sulphur 0.024$  0.017$  0.005$  trace      none      trace     0.016$  0.026$     

Phosphorus 0.133     0.062     0.116     0.165$  0.098$  0.116$  0.136     0.196       .... 

Combined  carbon 

Graphitic  carbon. . .    3.293       

Silicon 3.230     2.624     1.329     0.942     1.389     1.354     0.630     1.347     4-85° 

10.  ii.           12.           13.           14.            15.            16.           17.            18.      j 

Sulphur none      0.045$  0.006$  o.  103$  o.  134$  o.  141$  0.061$  none 

Phosphorus o.  168$  0.147     °-l53     0.097     0.141     0.107     0.141     o.  116$ 

Combined  carbon 0.810       .  ...)  ....     0.625     0.850       

Graphitic  carbon 3.000       ....)  •        2.775     2.500       

Silicon 1.517  3.840     3.325     3.425     5.898     3.443     2.847     2-234     2.770 

I.  Made  in  the  fall  of  1872,  at  Vulcan  Iron  Works,  from  Iron  Mt.  ore  alone;  i  Big 
Muddy  coal,  |  Connelsville  coke.  2.  Made  at  Pilot  Knob  Iron  Co.'s  furnace,  from  f  Pilot 
Knob  and  £  Shepherd  Mt.  ores,  charcoal  and  hot  blast.  3.  Made  at  Scotia  Iron  Works, 
from  Scotia  ores,  charcoal,  and  hot  blast.  4.  Made  at  Meramec,  from  Meramec  ores, 


44        ANALYSES  OF  FUELS,  IRON- ORES,  AND  PIG-IRONS. 

$  half  hard  and  |  soft,  charcoal  and  cold  blast.  5.  Made  at  Iron  Mountain,  from  Iron  Mt. 
ores,  with  8$  of  limonite.  6.  Irondale,  hot  blast.  7.  Irondale,  cold  blast ;  both  charcoal, 
and  same  ores  as  5.  8.  Made  at  Moselle,  from  Iron  Ridge  and  St.  James  ores,  with  8$ 
Moselle  limonite,  charcoal  and  hot  blast.  9.  Made  at  Pilot  Knob  Iron  Co.'s  Works,  from 
all  Pilot  Knob  ore,  charcoal  and  hot  blast.  10.  Made  at  same,  f  Shepherd  Mt.  and  ^  Pilot 
Knob,  charcoal  and  hot  blast,  n,  12,  and  13.  Made  at  Big  Muddy  Iron  Co.'s  furnace,  at 
Grand  Tower,  n  and  13  from  \  Pilot  Knob  ore,  \  Iron  Ridge  and  St.  James  red  hema- 
tites, using  f  Connelsville  coke,  f  Big  Muddy  coal.  12.  Same,  except  that  the  Illinois  Patent 
Coke  Co.'s  coke  was  substituted  (using  a  larger  proportion)  for  the  Connelsville  coke. 

These  analyses  were  made  for  Big  Muddy  Iron  Co.  and  published  by  permission  of  James 
E.  Mills,  Esq ,  Vice-President. 

14,  15,  16,  17,  and  18.  Made  at  South  St.  Louis  Iron  Co.'s  furnaces.  Analyzed  for 
them,  and  published  by  permission  of  Mr.  H.  S.  Reed,  President.  14.  Glazed  pig,  made 
from  all  Pilot  Knob  ore.  15  and  16.  No.  i  and  2  Foundry,  from  all  Iron  Mt.  ore,  made 
in  summer  of  1872.  17.  Made  from  Iron  Mt.  with  some  Iron  Ridge  soft,  red  hematite. 
18.  Made  from  all  Iron  Mt.  ore,  spring  of  1873.  All  with  Connelsville  coke  and  Big 
Muddy  coal. 

i,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  and  8  were  samples  taken  by  Dr.  Schmidt  or  sent  to  him  for  the  use 
of  the  survey. 


CHAPTER   III. 

THE    IRON-ORES    OF    MISSOURI. 
BY   ADOLF  SCHMIDT,  PH.D. 

A.    General  Distribution. 

MISSOURI  is  one  of  the  richest  States  in  iron-ores  on  the  North 
American  continent.  These  ores  are,  however,  very  unequally  dis- 
tributed over  the  State. 

Very  little  iron-ore  is  found  in  the  whole  northern  part  of  the 
State  north  of  the  fiftieth  township-line,  and  in  a  range  of  counties 
on  the  western  border.  These  districts  are  covered  by  the  coal- 
measures,  which,  although  containing  clay-ores  and  carbonates  of 
iron,  do  not  contain  them  in  such  quantities  and  in  such  positions 
as  to  make  them  workable.  According  to  Mr.  G.  C.  Broadhead's 
statements,  these  ores  in  the  coal-measures  of  Missouri  occur  either 
as  single  nodules,  or  as  thin  beds,  varying  from  one  to  twenty 
inches  in  thickness,  imbedded  in  the  carboniferous  clays  and  slates. 
They  lie,  generally,  deep  below  the  surface,  from  20  to  60  feet,  and 
not  close  enough  to  the  coal-beds  to  be  mined  conjointly  with  the 
latter.  These  ores  are,  besides,  not  very  rich  in  themselves. 

The  only  point  where  the  region  of  workable  iron-ore  reaches, 
north  of  the  Missouri  River,  is  in  Callaway  County,  where  red,  earthy 
hematite  occurs  as  a  stratum  in  the  ferruginous  sandstone  of  the 
subcarboniferous  system. 

South  of  the  Missouri  River  there  are,  between  this  river  and  the 
fortieth  township-line,  valuable  deposits,  mostly  of  limonite,  in 
Franklin,  Osage,  Morgan,  and  Benton  Counties.  This  kind  of  ore 
also  occurs  nearly  over  the  whole  central  and  southern  part  of  the 
State.  In  the  southern  part  the  counties  of  Stoddard,  Bollinger, 
Wayne,  Ozark,  Douglas,  Christian,  and  Greene,  contain  considerable 
deposits  of  it. 

But  by  far  the  richest  portion  of  the  State  in  iron-ores  is  that 
between  the  3Oth  and  4Oth  township-lines.  Within  this  zone,  iron- 


46  IRON-ORES  OF  MISSOURI, 

ores  abound  in  the  greater  part  of  the  counties  situated  between 
the  Mississippi  in  the  east  and  the  Upper  Osage  River  in  the  west. 
Limonite  banks  are  scattered  over  the  whole  of  this  vast  region, 
being,  however,  somewhat  concentrated  in  three  districts.  The 
most  eastern  of  these  is  composed  of  Bellinger,  Wayne,  and  the 
southern  part  of  Madison  Counties  ;  the  second  but  smaller  con- 
centration is  in  the  south-eastern  part  of  Franklin  County  ;  while 
the  third  and  most  important  one  of  this  ore  is  found  on  the  Middle 
Osage  River,  between  Warsaw  and  Tuscumbia,  in  Benton,  Morgan, 
Camden,  and  Miller  Counties.  This  latter  district  extends  also  to 
the  Upper  Osage,  above  Warsaw,  into  St.  Clair  and  Henry  Coun- 
ties. But  while  the  limonites  are  deposited  on  the  Second  and  Third 
Magnesian  Limestones  in  the  rest  of  the  State,  they  here  lie  on  the 
subcarboniferous  limestone.  The  Upper  Osage  district  also  contains 
good  deposits  of  subcarboniferous  red  hematites,  occurring,  here 
in  the  same  way  as  in  Callaway  County. 

The  specular  ores  are  much  more  concentrated  in  certain  parts  of 
the  State  than  either  the  limonites  or  the  carboniferous  hematites, 
and  also  occur  in  much  larger  masses.  There  are  two  important 
specular-ore  districts,  different  by  their  geographical  positions,  dif- 
ferent entirely  by  the  mode  of  occurrence  and  the  geological  posi- 
tion of  their  ores,  but  quite  similar,  on  the  other  hand,  in  the 
mineralogical  character  and  the  chemical  composition  of  these 
ores.  The  one  of  these  districts  is  the  Iron  Mountain  dis- 
trict in  the  east,  extending  only  over  a  small  area,  in  southern 
St.  Fran9ois  and  northern  Iron  Counties,  but  containing  two 
enormous  deposits,  besides  numerous  smaller  ones.  The  ore  is 
here  in  veins,  beds,  and  other  less  regular  forms  in  the  porphyry. 
The  second  specular-ore  district  lies  more  toward  the  centre  of  the 
State,  yet  mainly  in  its  eastern  half.  Its  principal  deposits,  as  far  as 
known  at  present,  are  concentrated  in  three  counties,  Crawford, 
Phelps,  and  Dent.  The  occurrence  of  the  specular  ores,  however, 
extends  somewhat  into  the  surrounding  counties  of  Washington, 
Franklin,  Maries,  Miller,  Camden,  Pulaski,  and  Shannon.  The  spe- 
cular ore  in  this  central  ore-region  is  always  more  or  less  distinctly 
connected  with  the  Lower  Silurian  Sandstones,  especially  with  the 
so-called  Second  Sandstone.  Many  of  these  deposits  are  disturbed 
and  broken,  and  altered  in  regard  to  their  position  and  contents. 

From  all  that  has  been  said,  we  may  infer   that,  according  to  our 


IRON- ORES.  47 

present  knowledge,  there  are  three  principal  and  important  iron- 
regions  in  Missouri,  namely  : — 

1.  The  eastern  region,  composed  of  the   south-eastern  limonite 
district  and  the  Iron   Mountain   specular-ore  district.     This  region 
has  its  natural  outlet,  at  present,  over  the  Iron  Mountain  Railroad. 

2.  The  central  region,  containing  principally  specular  ores,  and 
having  its  commercial  outlet  over  the  St.  Louis,  Salem  &  Little 
Rock  and  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroads. 

3.  The  western  or  Osage  region,  with  its  limonites  and  red  he- 
matites.    This  region  will  have  to  establish  an  iron  industry  of  its 
own,  because  it  is  too   remote  from  the  present  ore-markets.     Its 
present  connection  with  these  markets  is  down  the  Osage  River  to 
Osage  City,  and  from  there  either  over  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad 
or    down    the  Missouri  River.       A   railroad    from    Jefferson   City, 
through  Cole,  Moniteau,  Morgan,  Benton,  Henry,  St.  Clair,  Bates, 
and  Vernon  Counties  to  Fort  Scott,  which  would  touch  the  Upper 
Osage  districts,   is  partly   in  construction,  partly  under  consider- 
ation. 

These  three  principal  regions,  combined,  form  a  broad  ore-belt, 
running  across  the  State  from  the  Mississippi  to  the  Osage,  in  a 
direction  about  parallel  to  the  course  of  the  Missouri  River,  from 
south-east  to  north-west,  between  the  thirtieth  and  fortieth  town- 
ship-lines. The  specular  ores  occupy  the  middle  portion  of  this  belt, 
the  limonites  both  ends  of  it.  The  latter  are,  besides,  spread  over 
the  whole  southern  half  of  the  State,  while  the  subcarboniferous  he- 
matites occur  only  along  the  southern  border  of  the  North  Missouri 
coal-field,  having  thus  an  independent  distribution,  and  being  prin- 
cipally represented  in  Callaway,  St.  Clair,  and  Henry  Counties. 

To  make  this  distribution  of  ores  more  apparent  and  clear,  I 
have  added  to  this  report  the  accompanying  "  Preliminary  Map, 
showing  the  Distribution  of  Iron  Ores  in  Missouri."  Atlas,  Plate  IV. 

This  map  contains  about  280  deposits.  Its  title  indicates  that  it 
does  not  pretend  to  be  complete.  It  represents  only  a  first  effort 
toward  a  more  complete  map,  and  contains  the  results  of  informa- 
tion obtained  during  the  summer  of  1872.  Such  a  map  can,  in  fact, 
hardly  ever  be  entirely  complete,  because  new  ore-banks  are  con- 
tinually being  discovered  and  opened. 

Neither  does  this  map  pretend  to  show  the  exact  relative  char- 
acter and  size  of  the  single  ore-banks.  It  is  only  intended  to  show, 


48  IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

in  a  generally  correct  and  clear  manner,  the  general  distribution  of 
the  ores.  For  this  purpose  it  was  necessary,  however,  to  mark 
every  single  deposit  that  has  come  to  my  knowledge,  and  to  indi- 
cate those  deposits  which,  according  to  their  present  appearance, 
seem  to  be  more  extensive  than  others,  by  larger  sizes.  This  led 
to  the  adoption  of  five  sizes,  with  a  respective  estimate  of  yield  of 
smeltable  ore. 

Below  20,000  tons,     for  size,       I. 

20,000  to  100,000,  "  2. 

100,000  to  500,000,          "  3. 

500,000  to  2, 000,000,        "  4. 

Above  2,000,000,  "  5. 

To   distinguish  the  different  kinds  of  ores,  I  use  three  colors, 

thus  : — 

Red,  for  red  hematite. 

Blue,  for  specular  ore. 
Brown,  for  limonite. 

As  regards  the  character  of  the  deposits,  those  which,  like  veins 
and  beds,  are  generally  supposed  to  be  more  or  less  continuous,  are 
marked  by  squares.  All  the  other  deposits,  which  are  supposed  to 
be  either  decidedly  limited  or  very  irregular,  are  marked  in  a  cir- 
cular form. 

Another  distinction  made  on  the  map  is  that  between  undisturbed, 
disturbed,  and  drifted  deposits.  This  distinction  was  unavoidable, 
on  account  of  the  very  frequent  occurrence  of  disturbed  deposits, 
especially  in  the  central  ore-region. 


In  the  following  chapters  of  this  report  the  ores  and  deposits  will 
be  described  under  the  following  geographical  arrangement  :— 
Eastern  Ore-Region. 

ORE-DISTRICT  ALONG  THE  MISSISSIPPI  RIVER. 
IRON  MOUNTAIN  DISTRICT. 
SOUTH-EASTERN  LIMONITE  DISTRICT. 
FRANKLIN  COUNTY  DISTRICT. 
SCOTIA  DISTRICT. 

Central  Ore-Region. 

STEELVILLE  DISTRICT. 

ORE-DISTRICT  ON  THE  UPPER  MERAMEC  AND  ITS  TRIBU- 
TARIES. 


GEOGRAPHICAL  ARRANGEMENT.  40 


SALEM  DISTRICT. 

IRON  RIDGE  DISTRICT. 

ST.  JAMES  DISTRICT. 

ROLLA  DISTRICT. 

MIDDLE  GASCONADE  DISTRICT. 

LOWER  GASCONADE  DISTRICT. 

CALLAWAY  COUNTY  DISTRICT. 

Western  Ore-Region. 

LOWER  OSAGE  DISTRICT. 
MIDDLE  OSAGE  DISTRICT. 
UPPER  OSAGE  DISTRICT. 

South-western  Ore-Region. 

WHITE  RIVER  DISTRICT. 
OZARK  COUNTY  DISTRICT. 
4 


CHAPTER  IV. 

THE    IRON-ORES   OF   MISSOURI. 
BY   ADOLF   SCHMIDT,   PH.D. 

B.  Description  of  Ores.  —  General  Description. 

IT  may  be  inferred,  from  the  contents  of  the  preceding  chapter, 
that  there  are  principally  two  species  of  iron-ores  in  Missouri, 
hematite  and  limonite.  These  can  be  easily  distinguished  from 
each  other  by  their  exterior  appearance,  the  hematite  being  either 
grayish  black,  with  a  slight  bluish  or  reddish  tint,  or  red  in  various 
shades  ;  while  the  limonite  is  always  brown  or  yellow.  But  the 
best  and  least  deceptive  distinction  is  made  by  the  streak  of  these 
ores — that  is,  by  the  mark  they  produce  when  rubbed  against  a 
rough,  white  porcelain-plate.  The  streak  is  invariably  red  with  the 
hematite,  and  yellowish  brown  to  yellow  with  limonite.  If  the 
ores  are  not  too  hard,  the  color  of  the  streak  can  also  be  discovered, 
though  less  plainly,  by  scratching  the  ores  with  a  knife.  The 
hematite  occurs  in  two  very  different  and  distinct  varieties,  the 
specular  ore  and  the  red  hematite. 

Specular  Ore  is  bluish-black  to  steel-gray,  with  a  more  or  less 
metallic  lustre,  and  a  more  or  less  crystalline  structure.  Its  mine- 
ralogical  hardness  is  about  6,  which  is  also  about  the  hardness  of 
hardened  cutlery-steel.  Thus  an  ordinary  pocket-knife  will  not 
scratch  the  hardest  specular  ores ;  but  it  will  scratch  the  softer 
kinds,  though  not  without  some  effort,  there  being  no  great  differ- 
ence in  their  respective  hardness.  The  streak  of  pure  specular  ore 
is  cherry-red  to  dark-red,  with  a  purple  tint.  Its  magnetic  quali- 
ties vary  considerably  in  the  same  kinds  of  ore  and  in  the  same 
localities.  Most  specular  ores  are,  however,  slightly  magnetic. 

This  description  refers  to  specular  ore  in  its  pure  and  natural  con- 
dition, being  then  composed  chemically  of  nearly  pure  peroxide  of 
iron,  containing  about  70  per  cent,  of  metallic  iron.  But  this  ore  is 


LIMONITE.  5 1 

sometimes  found  mixed  with  foreign  substances,  as  quartz,  sand, 
flint,  porphyry,  clay,  pyrites,  apatite,  etc.,  which  generally  change 
somewhat  its  qualities  and  diminish  its  value.  Specular  ore  also 
frequently  undergoes  physical  and  chemical  changes  by  a  gradual 
alteration  under  the  influence  of  air,  water,  or  mineral  solutions. 
These  alterations,  which  will  be  spoken  of  more  fully  hereafter,  some- 
times change  the  character  of  the  ore  completely.  We  find  the  spec- 
ular ore  to  pass,  under  certain  conditions,  into  compact  red  hematite, 
and  into  soft  red  hematite,  by  other  influences  into  limonite,  by 
others  into  carbonates.  These  various  ores,  as  far  as  they  are 
merely  the  products  of  such  gradual  alterations,  will  be  described 
together  with  the  specular  ores  from  which  they  are  derived.  It  is 
a  very  remarkable  fact,  that  all  the  Missouri  specular  ores,  with  but 
a  few  exceptions,  have  pretty  nearly  the  same  mineralogical  and 
chemical  character,  whether  they  occur  in  the  porphyry  or  in  the 
Silurian  sandstone. 

Red  Hematite,  when  not  produced  by  transformation  of  specular 
ore,  but  occurring  as  an  original  mineral  in  the  subcarboniferous 
strata  of  Missouri,  has  a  dark-red  color,  either  with  a  yellowish  or 
more  frequently  with  a  bluish  tint.  The  fracture  is  uneven  and 
dull  in  the  earthy,  somewhat  conchoidal  with  a  slight  lustre  in  the 
compact,  varieties.  The  structure  is  never  crystalline,  but  either 
earthy  and  more  or  less  porous,  or  compact  and  fine  grained,  or 
coarse  grained  to  oolitic.  The  hardness  is  less  than  that  of  most 
specular  ores.  It  varies  from  5  to  6,  but  rarely  reaches  the  latter 
figure.  The  streak  is  cherry-red  to  yellowish  red.  This  ore  is 
unmagnetic. 

Red  hematite,  when  exposed  to  atmospheric  influence,  seems  to 
become  more  porous,  and  is  altered  gradually  into  brown  and 
yellow  limonite.  These  subcarboniferous  hematites  consist  of  a 
somewhat  clayish  peroxide  of  iron,  and  contain  from  50  to  60  per 
cent,  of  metallic  iron. 

Limonite,  also  known  as  "brown  hematite,"  has  a  dark,  grayish- 
brown  color.  Nearly  all  the  limonite  occurring  in  Missouri  is  dull, 
and  sometimes  earthy  in  the  fracture,  amorphous.  It  occurs  partly 
in  porous  masses,  the  irregular  pores  and  cavities  being  filled  with 
yellow  ochre,  partly  in  botryoidal  and  stalactitic  forms.  The 
hardness  of  compact  limonite  is  about  6,  and  pretty  uniform.  The 
streak  is  yellowish  brown.  Limonite  is  unmagnetic.  It  is  chemi- 


52  IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI 

cally  composed  of  peroxide  of  iron,  and  water  in  varying  quantity, 
and  contains  from  45  up  to  60  per  cent,  of  metallic  iron. 

It  is  sometimes  clayish,  and  in  several  localities  mixed  with 
broken  chert.  It  is  invariably  accompanied  by  soft,  yellow  ochre, 
distributed  in  small  cavities  throughout  its  mass,  but  also  occurring 
in  larger  accumulations  occasionally. 

Limonite  does  not  seem  to  undergo  any  material  changes  by 
exposure. 

SPECIAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  MISSOURI  IRON-ORES. 
a.    SPECULAR   ORES. 

I.   Specular  Ores  in  Porphyry. 

Iron  Mountain  Ore. — The  iron-ore  of  the  Iron  Mountain  corre- 
sponds in  its  mineralogical  qualities  to  the  general  characterization 
of  Missouri  specular  ore  as  given  above,  and  may  be  considered  as 
a  type.  It  is  very  uniform  in  its  character  in  the  various  parts  of 
the  vein.  Also  the  surface-ore  has  the  same  appearance  and 
qualities,  with  the  only  exception  that  it  is  in  the  great  average  a 
little  softer,  its  hardness  being  generally  slightly  below  6,  while 
that  of  the  vein-ore  is  slightly  above  6.  The  color  of  both  is 
steel-gray,  with  a  slight  tint  of  blue.  Their  streak  is  dark  red  to 
purple.  Both  have  an  uneven  fracture,  a  nearly  metallic  lustre 
on  fresh-broken  faces,  a  subcrystalline  to  massy  structure.  The 
structure  is  occasionally  inclined  to  become  lamellar.  In  this  case 
the  ore  is  brittle,  and  breaks  in  long  flat  splinters  with  very  thin 
and  sharp  edges.  The  surface  of  fracture  of  such  pieces  is  very 
bright,  and  shows  indications  of  a  coarse  crystallization,  the  single 
indistinct  crystals  being  flattened  and  drawn  in  length  in  the  direc- 
tion of  the  long  axis  of  the  splinter.  Many  of  these  splinters  are 
strongly  magnetic,  some  less  so.  The  former  show  a  distinct  po- 
larity. The  magnetic  axis,  however,  never  coincides  with  or  ever 
lays  parallel  to  any  one  of  the  three  main  axes  of  the  splinter,  but 
it  is  always  in  an  inclined  position  to  all  of  them.  Marks  of  dis- 
tinct crystallization  are  very  rare  in  the  Iron  Mountain  ore.  Wher- 
ever distinct  crystals  occur  in  holes  or  fissures,  they  are  mostly 
small  and  micaceous.  These  small  micaceous  crystals  are  some- 
times also  distributed  throughout  the  mass  of  the  softer  ore,  filling 


IRON  MOUNTAIN  ORE,  53 

the  very  finest  pores.     This  is  more  frequently  the  case  in  the  sur- 
face- than  in  the  vein-ore. 

All  Iron  Mountain  ore  is  magnetic.  I  have  not  been  able  to  dis- 
cover a  single  piece  entirely  free  from  magnetism.  Some  of  it, 
besides  the  special  variety  above  mentioned,  is  strongly  magnetic 
with  distinct  polarity,  the  north  pole  of  a  compass-needle  being 
attracted  by  one  side  and  repulsed  by  the  other  side  of  the  same 
piece,  producing  very  strong  declinations.  The  greater  part  of  the 
Iron  Mountain  ore  acts,  however,  but  slightly  on  the  needle,  but 
shows,  nevertheless,  frequently  distinct  polarity.  Some  of  it  does 
not  seem  to  act  at  all  on  an  ordinary  compass-needle.  But  when 
reduced  to  a  fine  powder,  some  parts  of  it  are  invariably  attracted 
by  a  magnet  of  ordinary  power,  while  other  parts,  although  equally 
fine,  are  not  attracted.  This  remark,  which  is  correct  even  for  the 
impure  ores  from  the  small  veins  of  but  one  to  two  inches'  thick- 
ness, as  they  occur  in  the  so-called  "  bluff,"  proves  the  universal 
distribution  of  magnetism  in  the  Iron  Mountain  ore,  and  besides 
indicates  that  this  magnetism  is  a  quality  inherent  in  certain  small 
particles  only,  while  others  are  free  from  it.  This  is  one  step,  un- 
fortunately but  a  small  one,  toward  the  explanation  of  the  ine- 
quality existing  between  the  magnetic  strength  of  one  piece  of  ore 
and  that  of  another.  This  inequality  exists  to  such  an  extent  that 
sometimes  a  piece  of  ore,  whose  largest  dimension  does  not  exceed 
one  inch,  is  found  to  be  in  part  strongly  magnetic,  in  part  very 
weak,  as  may  be  seen  when  the  piece  is  broken  and  the  single  frag- 
ments tested.  This  inequality  seems  to  be  independent  of  the 
location,  and  shows  itself  in  the  same  manner  and  degree  in  the 
large  vein,  in  the  smaller  veins,  and  in  the  surface-ore.  Pieces  in- 
clined toward  a  crystalline  structure  are  more  generally  strongly 
magnetic  than  others,  also  those  containing  secretions  of  mica- 
ceous crystals.  Small  differences  in  the  chemical  composition  do 
not  seem  to  influence  the  magnetism.  The  latter  seems  espe- 
cially not  to  be  dependent  on  small  variations  in  the  amount  of 
protoxide  the  ore  contains. 

We  see  from  the  following  analyses  that  the  sample  No.  3,  al- 
though strongly  magnetic,  contains  only  2.34  per  cent,  of  protoxide, 
while  the  sample  No.  4,  which  is  very  little  magnetic,  contains  5.72 
per  cent,  of  it.  The  magnetism  of  these  samples  was  tested  by 
approaching  the  single  pieces  to  the  north  pole  of  a  compass-needle. 


54  IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

Afterward,  however,  some  of  them  were  reduced  to  a  powder,  and 
were  tested  by  approaching  a  magnet  to  the  powder.  Tested  in 
this  way,  the  powder  of  No.  4  seemed  to  be  attracted  more  lively 
and  more  copiously  than  that  of  No.  3.  A  repetition  of  these  tests 
showed  the  same  results. 

These  facts  would  invite  to  a  closer  investigation  of  these  matters. 
The  axis  of  polarity  in  single  pieces  of  Iron  Mountain  ore  is  never 
either  parallel  nor  rectangular  to  the  cleavage  or  to  the  surface  of 
fracture,  and  runs  very  frequently  from  one  point  near  the  edge  to 
another  point  near  the  centre  of  the  piece  on  the  opposite  side. 
No  ore  with  active  magnetism,  constituting  a  natural  magnet,  and 
attracting  iron-filings,  was  found  on  the  Iron  Mountain. 

The  following  analyses,  made  by  Mr.  A.  A.  Blair,  of  St.  Louis, 
will  show  the  chemical  composition  of  the  Iron  Mountain  ores  :— 


VEIN- 

I.                            2. 

Insol.  silicious  matter  

Peroxide  of  iron  .      .  -     06.78 

ORE. 

3- 
4.71 
91-45 

2-34 
o-93 
0-45 
0.19 
o.oo 

O.OO 

0.252 

4- 
6.76 

86.75 

5-72 

SURFACE-ORE. 

5-                   6. 

1.88 
95.04 
2.57 
0.75 
0.15 
o.  i  •» 

7- 

95-15 

Protoxide  of  iron  .  .  . 

Magnesia  

Manganese     

o.oo 
0.081 

O.OI2 
0.067 

0.00 

0.005 
0.071 

0.003 
O.I25 

66.60 
0.057 

4-54 
4.029 

Sulphur  

0.008        0.016 

Phosphoric  acid  

0.112        0.119 

Metallic  iron  

100.322      

65.78      65.16        

o.  no        0.035        0.029 

Insoluble  Silicious  Matter. 

3-99          6.16          
0-47         
0.06        0.13 
0.03        

S.I49          4-934 

100.586 

68.53 

0.031 

i-57 
0.04 

O.O2 
0.017 

4.835 

67.75; 

Phosphorus  

.     O.OAQ              O.CK2 

Silica  

3.28 

Alumina  

Lime  

.     O.  I4Q 

Magnesia    

Specific  gravity.  . 

1.  Average  sample  of  the  vein  or  quarry  ore  from  all  parts  of  the 
mountain,  sampled  by  Major  T.  B.  Brooks,  of  Marquette,  in  May, 
1872. 

2.  Average  sample  of  ore  from  the  eastern  part  of  the  principal 
vein  (cut  D). 

3  and  4.  Average  sample  of  ore  from  the  western  part  of  the 
principal  vein  (cut  A). 

3.  Decidedly  magnetic  pieces. 


IR  ON  MO  UNTAIN  ORE.  5  5 

4.  Pieces  not  acting  on  a  compass-needle. 

5.  Average  sample  of  the  surface-ore  from  all  parts  of  the  moun- 
tain,  sampled    by  Major  T.    B.    Brooks,   of  Marquette,   in    May, 
1872. 

6.  Average  sample   of  surface-ore  from  the  south  slope  of  the 
mountain. 

7.  Average  sample  of  surface-ore  from  the  north-west  slope. 
The  metallic  iron   in  samples    I  and  5  was  determined  by  Dr. 

Otto  Wuth,  of  Pittsburgh,  as  follows  : — 

i .  Vein-ore 66.049  Per  cent. 

5.   Surface-ore 67.416  per  cent. 

From  the  above  analyses  we  may  conclude  that  the  Iron  Moun- 
tain ore  is  very  rich  and  very  uniform,  in  general ;  that  the  surface- 
ore  is  a  little  richer  in  metallic  iron,  and  less  phosphoric  than  the 
vein-ore  ;  that  both  are  nearly  free  from  sulphur  ;  and  that  the  per- 
centage of  phosphorus  is  variable,  though  never  running  very 
high.  A  comparison  made  between  the  analyses  3  and  4  on  the 
one  hand,  and  2  on  the  other  hand,  might  indicate  that  the  vein-ore 
grows  richer  toward  the  west.  The  number  of  analyses  is,  how- 
ever, too  small  to  warrant  the  correctness  of  such  a  conclusion. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  specific  gravity,  as  given  above,  agrees 
well  with  the  results  of  the  analyses. 

The  Iron  Mountain  ore  is  in  the  whole  very  pure  and  nearly  free 
from  mechanical  admixtures  of  foreign  matter.  A  few  minerals, 
however,  occur  in  it  occasionally,  namely,  porphyry,  apatite,  and 
quartz. 

Admixtures  of  porphyry  never  occur  in  such  a  manner  as  to  in- 
jure the  ore,  the  enclosures  having  so  large  a  size  that  the  porphyry 
is  easily  separated  from  the  ore.  This  is  therefore  more  of  geologi- 
cal than  of  mineralogical  interest. 

Fine  clay,  probably  of  porphyric  origin,  is  sometimes  intimately 
mixed  with  the  ore  in  the  smaller  veins  in  the  "  bluff."  The  thicker 
veins  are  entirely  free  from  it.  Apatite  must  have  been  very  fre- 
quent formerly  in  those  parts  of  the  veins  which  are  in  immediate 
contact  with,  or  at  least  in  pretty  close  vicinity  of,  the  porphyry- 
walls,  to  judge  from  the  numerous  large  and  small  holes  of  crystal- 
line shape  to  be  found  in  the  ore  in  such  places.  These  holes 
occur  generally  in  larger  or  smaller  groups,  in  some  parts  of  the 


56  IRON-ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

principal  vein,  as  well  as  in  the  "  bluff"  veins  and  in  the  surface- 
ore.  The  crystals  which  originally  filled  these  holes  were  hexago- 
nal prisms  of  varying  sizes,  from  the  smallest  up  to  a  length  of  3 
inches  and  a  diameter  of  I  inch.  They  generally  start  at  the  wall 
of  the  vein,  or  at  the  wall  of  some  fissure  existing  in  the  vein,  and 
reach  into  the  ore,  sometimes  perpendicular  to  the  wall,  but 
more  frequently  at  some  angle  to  it,  and  often  nearly  parallel  to 
each  other.  The  prisms  are  distinct  and  sharp  near  the  wall, 
where  they  start  from,  but  the  more  they  reach  into  the  ore  the 
smaller  is  their  diameter  and  the  less  distinct  and  sharp  their  edges. 
Many  run  out  into  a  sharp  point  and  look  almost  like  sharply- 
pointed  pyramids,  or,  when  rounded  off,  as  they  frequently  are, 
like  needles  or  lances.  Some,  however,  show  indications  of  the 
basis  of  the  prism,  also  at  that  end  of  the  crystal  which  lies  free  in 
the  ore. 

All  these  crystallic  holes  are  very  likely  impressions  of  crystals 
of  apatite  formerly  present  in  the  ore,  and  some  of  them,  though 
fortunately  but  few,  are  yet  filled  with  nearly  fresh  apatite.  The 
empty  holes  are  generally  clad  out  with  a  very  thin  layer  of  a  fine 
ferruginous  clay. 

The  third  mineral  found  in  the  Iron  Mountain  ore  is  quartz.  It 
occurs  but  rarely,  and  nearly  always  near  the  walls  of  the  veins, 
especially  in  disturbed  places,  or  near  large  enclosures  of  broken 
porphyries  in  the  interior  of  the  principal  vein.  This  quartz  is  there 
evidently  the  result  of  a  process  of  infiltration,  which  has  taken 
place  long  after  the  formation  of  the  ore.  It  fills  small  fissures  or 
irregular  cavities,  or  the  crystallic  cavities  above  described,  which 
were  left  after  the  removal  of  the  apatite.  It  is  always  more  or  less 
distinctly  crystalline,  and  sometimes  foims  drusy  aggregations  of 
crystals,  slightly  covered  with  yellow  hydrated  peroxide  of  iron 
(yellow  ochre). 

Pilot  Knob  Ore. — The  Pilot  Knob  ore  differs  somewhat  in  its 
qualities  from  most  of  the  other  specular  ores  in  the  State.  Its 
color  is  steel-gray  to  pearl-gray,  with  a  very  marked  tint  of  sky- 
blue.  Its  lustre  is  so  faint  that  it  can  scarcely  be  called  submetallic. 
Its  structure  is  crystalline  to  granular,  with  a  very  fine  grain  barely 
to  be  seen  with  the  naked  eye.  Its  fracture  is  either  even  or  sub- 
conchoidal.  It  shows  a  plain  stratification,  and  splits  parallel  to  it 
into  plates  ^  to  2  inches  in  thickness.  These  plates  break  in  par- 


PILOT  KNOB  ORE.  '   57 

allelopipeds  with  sharp  edges  and  with  surfaces  that  are  sometimes 
at  right  angles,  but  more  frequently  inclined  to  each  other.  The 
faces  parallel  to  the  stratification  are  generally  even,  or  nearly  so  ; 
the  others  are  either  subconchoidal  or  irregular,  with  sharp  edges 
and  corners.  The  general  flight  of  two  faces  situated  opposite  each 
other  is  always  more  or  less  parallel.  The  hardness  of  the  Pilot 
Knob  ores  is  very  variable,  and  the  faces  parallel  to  the  stratifi- 
cation are  always  perceptibly  harder  than  those  lying  in  other 
directions.  The  former  are  mostly  near  6^,  the  latter  near  6. 
There  are,  however,  a  few  places  in  the  Pilot  Knob  mine  where 
the  ore  is  considerably  softer,  about  5^.  The  hard  ore  passes 
gradually  into  the  soft.  All  Pilot  Knob  ores  are  very  brittle. 
Their  streak  is  uniformly  dark  red.  Also  the  poorer  ores  show  this 
streak. 

None  of  the  Pilot  Knob  ores  from  the  main  body  of  the  deposit, 
neither  below  nor  above  the  slate-seam,  disturb  an  ordinary  com- 
pass-needle, with  the  exception  of  the  uppermost  layers  of  poor 
ore,  in  the  eastern  cut,  immediately  below  the  conglomerate  which 
forms  the  summit  of  the  mountain.  Also,  most  of  the  fine  ore 
which  is  mixed  with  this  conglomerate  has  polaric  magnetism. 
The  greater  part  of  it  acts  on  the  needle  very  strongly.  This  con- 
glomerate has  indications  of  stratification,  and  the  magnetic  axes 
run  either  at  a  right  angle  or  parallel  to  it.  The  ore  found  in  loose 
pieces  in  the  conglomeratic  detritus  covering  the  western  slope  of  the 
mountain  is  also  polaric-magnetic,  some  of  it  strongly  so.  Mag- 
netic pieces  of  thinly-stratified,  poor  ore  are  also  found  loose  in 
the  creek  north-east  of  the  mountain.  All  ores  on  the  Pilot  Knob, 
those  in  the  deposit  as  well  as  those  in  the  conglomerates,  are 
slightly  attracted  by  a  magnet,  when  they  are  ground  fine,  and 
those  which,  as  above  mentioned,  act  strongly  on  the  needle,  are 
not  attracted  by  the  magnet  with  any  greater  power  or  in  any 
larger  quantity  than  those  which  do  not  seem  to  act  on  the  needle 
at  all. 

The  chemical  composition  of  the  Pilot  Knob  ores  from  different 
parts  of  the  mine  is  very  different,  as  may  be  seen  from  the  follow- 
ing analyses,  made  by  Mr.  Andrew  A.  Blair,  of  St.  Louis  : — 


IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 


Insoluble  silicious  matt< 
Peroxide  of  iron  

ORES  IN  THE  MAIN  ORE-BED  BELOW      ORES  ABOVE  THE 
THE  SLATE-SEAM.                           SLATE-SEAM. 

i.              2.              3.                 4.             5.              6.              7.             8. 
;r  14-75         ^-^     

87.18    83.28     84.33 

90.87    67.38    77.02 
1.67    , 

62.88      S2.I8 

Protoxide  of  iron  

O.  I? 

Alumina  

0.71; 

O.  ^ 

Lime  

0.  2  1 

1.76    . 

Magnesia  

O.  14 

O.  IT, 

O.  OO       

Sulphur  

trace 

0.078       O.OO6    

O.O7Q    .. 

Phosphoric  acid  

O.O'K 

0.069      O.O92    

O.  IOI    

Metallic  iron  

.   100.  16s 

100.677    . 

.  61.01     "?8.2Q     so.  i  <; 

64.91       47.16       53.91 
O.O1I       O.O4I    . 

44-01       36.52 
O.  O44   .  . 

Phosphorus.  .  . 

o.oi<; 

Insoluble  Silicious  Matter. 

Silica 13-27         5.18     30.10     28.16 

Alumina  (with  a  trace  of  per- 
oxide of  iron) 1.44         0.36     


1.  Average  sample  of  ore  from  the  main  ore-bed  below  the  slate- 
seam,  in  the  western  cut  (A). 

2.  Hard  ore  from  the  central  portion  of  the  main  ore-bed,  below 
the  slate-seam,  west  of  the  soft  ore   (analysis  3),   in  the  central  cut 
(B). 

3.  Soft  ore  from  the  central  portion  of  the  main  ore-bed,  below 
the  slate-seam,  in  the  central  cut  (B). 

4.  Hard  ore  from  the  central  portion  of  the  main  ore-bed,  below 
the  slate-seam,   east  of  the    soft  ore  (analysis  3),  in  the  central  cut 
(B)- 

5.  Average  sample  of  ore  from  the  main  ore-bed,  below  the  slate- 
seam,  in  the  eastern  cut  (C). 

1    6.   Ore  in  conglomerate,  5  feet  above  the  slate-seam,  in  the  cen- 
tral cut  (B). 

7.  Average  sample  of  ore  from  the  strata  above  the  slate-seam, 
in  the  eastern  cut  (C). 

8.  Average  sample  of  the  better  ore  on  the  refuse-heaps  of  the 
eastern  cut  (C).     This  ore  is  not  smelted,  nor  shipped,  but  thrown 
away  with  the  rock-refuse. 

We  may  conclude  from  these  analyses  that  there  is  a  great  differ- 
ence between  the  richness  of  the  ore  in  the  main  bed  below  the  slate- 
seam,  and  that  of  the  ore  above  the  slate-seam,  the  former  showing, 
in  the  lower  and  central  parts  of  the  deposit,  an  average  of 
about  60  per  cent,  of  metallic  iron,  while  the  latter  contains  only 


PILOT  KNOB   ORE. 


59 


53  per  cent.,  or,  as  this  latter  ore  is  very  variable  in  itself,  we  may 
say  from  45  to  55  per  cent.  The  ore  from  the  upper  part  of  the 
deposit,  from  the  eastern  cut  (C),  is  decidedly  poorer  than  that  from 
the  central  and  western  cuts.  It  contains  only  47  per  cent,  below 
the  slate-seam,  and  44  per  cent,  above  it,  and  the  uppermost 
and  poorest  layers  stand  as  low  as  36,  and  some  would  analyze 
considerably  lower  than  this.  The  ores  from  the  last-mentioned 
uppermost  layers,  in  the  eastern  cut,  are  thrown  away  now.  But  a 
considerable  part  of  them  could  undoubtedly  be  smelted  with  profit 
in  the  Pilot  Knob  furnace.  They  could  not  be  shipped,  being  too 
poor  to  pay  for  both  the  transport  and  the  smelting.  But  they 
would  give  a  fair  profit,  when  smelted  in  place,  especially  when 
mixed  with  some  of  the  richer  ores  or  with  limonites,  or,  better,  with 
both.  As  the  metallurgical  and  commercial  value  of  ores  increases 
very  rapidly  with  their  richness,  I  have  no  doubt  that  a  great  gain 
would  result  for  the  Pilot  Knob  Company,  in  money  and  in  reputa- 
tion, if  the  60  per  cent,  ores  from  the  lower  and  central  part  of  the 
main  bed  would  be  kept  and  sold  separate.  These  could  be  shipped 
to  Indiana,  Ohio,  and  Pittsburgh,  and  command  high  prices,  while 
the  50  per  cent,  ores  could  be  used  in  Missouri  and  Illinois,  mixed 
with  other  Missouri  specular  ores  and  limonites,  and  while  the  35 
to  40  per  cent,  ores  would  be  smelted  at  Pilot  Knob. 

We  see  from  the  above  analyses  that  the  Pilot  Knob  ores  contain 
very  little  sulphur  and  phosphorus.  Their  principal  impurity  is 
silica. 

This  silica  is  either  chemically  combined,  or,  more  likely,  inti- 
mately mixed  with  the  ore  in  microscopic  particles  or  grains.  Mr. 
Blair's  analyses  show  it  to  vary  from  5  to  13  per  cent,  in  the  richer 
ores,  and  to  be  as  high  as  30  per  cent,  and  over  in  the  poorer 
ores. 

The  upper  part  of  the  ore  above  the  slate-seam  is  often  inti- 
mately mixed  with  porphyry.  The  main  bed  is  entirely  free  from 
it.  Besides  these  two  kinds  of  admixtures,  a  few  minerals  occur 
occasionally  in  very  small  quantity  in  fissures,  as  the  micaceous 
oxide  of  iron*  and  a  yellowish-white,  lamellar,  crystalline,  translu- 
cent heavy-spar.  These  two  minerals  occur  rarely,  but  generally 
together  and  mixed  with  each  other,  in  fissures,  in  the  eastern  por- 
tion of  the  central  cut  (B),  below  the  slate-seam.  A  mineral  re- 
sembling the  last  described,  probably  also  heavy-spar,  sometimes 


60  IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

forms  a  thin  film,  composed  of  many  crystalline  lamella::  of  a  vitre- 
ous lustre,  over  the  even  faces  of  separation  of  the  ore,  especially 
over  those  which  have  a  nearly  vertical  position  in  the  bed.  This 
film  is,  in  some  instances,  very  pure  and  transparent ;  in  others  it 
is  more  grainy,  of  a  reddish  color,  opaque,  and  up  to  one-eighth 
inch  thick.  In  the  latter  case  it  is  not  pure,  but  seems  to  be  mixed 
with  loose  and  extremely  small  grains  or  crystals  of  quartz.  Mr. 
Chauvenet  found  the  specific  gravity  of  the  sample  No.  3,  which  is 
soft  ore  from  the  central  part  of  the  main  bed,  =  4.386,  and  that  of 
sample  No.  4,  which  is  hard  ore  from  the  same  place,  =  5-OI9- 
These  results  agree  with  the  results  of  the  chemical  analyses,  which 
show  much  more  silica  and  less  iron  in  the  soft  ore  than  in  the  hard. 

Shepherd  Mountain  Ore. — The  ore  from  Shepherd  Mountain, 
in  its  mineralogical  qualities  and  chemical  composition,  resembles 
a  little  more  a  magnetite  than  any  other  ore  in  Missouri.  It  is,  how- 
ever, in  the  main  a  specular  ore,  very  similar  to  that  of  the  Iron 
Mountain,  as  above  described.  Its  color  and  streak  are  slightly 
darker  than  those  of  the  latter.  Its  hardness  is  considerably  less, 
being  about  5/^  m  the  average.  Its  lustre  is  less  bright.  It  has 
no  stronger  tendency  toward  a  crystalline  structure.  The  crystal- 
line faces,  though  equally  indistinct,  are  rather  smaller.  Splendent 
lamellae  of  micaceous  crystals,  disseminated  through  the  mass,  as 
they  occur  rarely  in  the  Iron  Mountain  ore,  are  quite  general  in 
the  Shepherd  Mountain  ore,  and  the  ores  from  these  two  localities 
may  generally  be  distinguished  exteriorly  from  each  other  by  this 
characteristic,  as  well  as  by  the  marked  difference  in  their  lustre. 
The  Shepherd  Mountain  ore  is  also  much  tougher  and  less  brittle, 
and  breaks  with  less  sharp  corners  and  edges. 

In  some  places  in  the  depth  of  the  northern  vein  (A),  the  ore  gets 
nearly  black  in  color,  finely  granular,  and  fully  black  in  the  streak, 
thus  approaching  a  true  magnetite.  A  very  soft,  black  ore  occurs  in 
irregular  masses  of  limited  extent  in  the  upper  part  of  the  central 
vein  (B).  These  masses  show  a  more  distinct  crystallization,  and 
sometimes  aggregates  of  lamellar  crystals  of  specular  hematite  in 
the  forms  of  the  rhombohedric  system.  The  glittering;  small  crystals 
of  micaceous  ore  are  very  numerous  in  some  parts  of  these  soft 
masses,  while  other  parts  are  quite  dull.  The  ore  in  the  small 
southern  outcrop  (C)  has  a  distinct,  coarsely  crystalline  structure, 
with  a  pretty  bright  metallic  lustre. 


SHEPHERD  MOUNTAIN  ORE.  6 1 

When  inspected  through  a  magnifying  glass,  the  Shepherd  Moun- 
tain ore  appears  to  be  composed,  on  the  one  hand,  of  crystalline 
parts,  with  a  color  and  a  lustre  very  similar  to  that  of  the  Iron  Moun- 
tain ore  ;  on  the  other  hand,  of  a  dull,  dark-red,  ground  mass  sur- 
rounding the  crystalline  parts.  Sometimes  the  one  prevails,  some- 
times the  other.  I  found  a  specimen  in  which  these  two  distinct 
kinds  of  ore  form  alternate,  undulating  layers  about  one-eightieth 
of  an  inch  in  thickness,  giving  the  piece  a  striated  appearance. 

The  magnetic  qualities  of  the  Shepherd  Mountain  ore  are  much 
more  pronounced  than  those  of  either  the  Iron  Mountain  or  the  Pilot 
Knob  ores.  Here  again  we  have  to  distinguish  two  different 
modes  of  action  of  magnetism,  which  seem  to  be  independent  of 
each  other  in  certain  respects  and  within  certain  limits  ;  first,  the 
magnetic  influence  of  the  ore  on  a  compass-needle,  and  second,  the 
attractive  influence  of  a  magnet  on  small  particles  of  ore.  The 
influence  on  the  needle  is  much  less  dependent  on  the  chemical 
composition  and  on  the  structure  of  the  ore  than  on  its  position  in 
the  vein.  The  specimen  No.  I,  amongst  the  following  analyses, 
contains  1.8  per  cent,  of  protoxide,  and  is  much  more  magnetic 
than  the  No.  2,  which  contains  2.97  per  cent.  There  is  no  decided 
and  regular  difference  between  the  magnetic  strength  of  hard  and 
soft,  of  dull  and  bright,  of  fine-grained  and  coarse-grained  ore  ; 
but  all  the  ore  in  the  upper  part  of  the  vein,  from  the  outcrop  to  a 
depth  of  30  or  40  feet,  acts  strongly  on  the  needle,  while  the  action 
of  the  ore  from  the  lower  part  is  much  weaker,  though  very  differ- 
ent in  different  places.  Besides  being  stronger  magnetic,  the  upper 
ore  is  also  decidedly  polaric,  the  axis  of  polarity  being  nearly  par- 
allel to  the  cleavage.  Regarding  the  lower  ore  in  Shepherd  Moun- 
tain, it  is  a  remarkable  fact  that,  although  acting  on  the  needle 
invariably,  it  is,  with  rare  exceptions,  entirely  unpolaric,  while  the 
Iron  Mountain  and  Pilot  Knob  ores,  although  mostly  weaker,  are 
nearly  always  polaric.  A  piece  of  this  lower  Shepherd  Mountain 
ore  repels  the  north  pole  of  a  magnetic  needle,  and  attracts  its  south 
pole,  and,  when  the  piece  is  turned  over,  instead  of  acting  in  a 
reversed  manner,  it  allows  the  needle  to  return  to  its  natural  position, 
and  does  not  produce  any  deflection  whatever.  In  the  northern 
vein  (A)  the  strongly  magnetic  and  polaric  ore  is  more  frequent, 
and  reaches  deeper  than  in  the  central  vein  (B).  There  also  occurs 
some  ore  (analysis  No.  4)  which  contains  a  large  amount  of  pro- 


62  IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

toxide,  and  has  most  of  the  mineralogical  characteristics  of  a  true 
magnetite,  especially  a  deep-black  streak. 

All  Shepherd  Mountain  ore  is  strongly  attracted  by  a  magnet  of 
ordinary  power,  when  either  pulverized  or  ground  coarsely.  No 
decided  difference  can  be  discovered  in  this  respect  between  the  ore 
which  strongly  disturbs  the  needle  and  that  which  affects  it  but 
little.  Neither  can  a  difference  be  discovered  in  this  respect  be- 
tween the  polaric  and  the  unpolaric  ore.  When  a  polaric  piece  is 
broken  or  ground,  the  single  fragments  are  polaric.  From  a  strong- 
ly polaric  piece,  I  broke  off  some  particles  from  the  north  pole  and 
also  some  from  the  south  pole.  Each  of  these  particles  had  itself 
two  poles,  when  tried  by  approaching  it  to  a  compass-needle,  and 
all  these  particles  were  attracted  by  both  poles  of  a  magnet.  The 
position  of  each  single  particle,  when  attracted  by  the  north  pole, 
was  however  reversed,  when  compared  to  the  position  of  the  same 
particle  when  attracted  by  the  south  pole. 

When  the  ore  is  finely  pulverized,  only  a  part  of  the  powder  is 
attracted,  while  the  rest  seems  to  be  unmagnetic.  This  fact  shows 
that  the  magnetism  is  inherent  in  certain  very  small  particles  only, 
while  others  are  free  from  it,  and  explains  the  difference  between 
the  two  modes  of  magnetic  action.  A  piece  of  ore  containing 
comparatively  but  few  though  strongly  magnetic  particles,  may 
not  disturb  the  needle  ;  nevertheless,  when  the  ore  is  pulverized, 
a  magnet  will  exert  a  lively  attraction  on  the  magnetic  part  of  the 
powder. 

Bowlders  of  ore  are  sometimes  found  on  the  Shepherd  Moun- 
tain which  are  strong  natural  magnets,  possessing  active  magnet- 
ism, and  attracting  iron-filings.  A  piece  of  iron,  when  rubbed 
against  such  a  natural  magnet,  becomes  itself  a  magnet. 

The  chemical  composition  of  the  Shepherd  Mountain  ore  may  be 
seen  from  the  following  analyses  made  by  Mr.  Andrew  A.  Blair,  of 
St.  Louis  : — 

i.  2.  3-  4- 

Insoluble  silicious  matter 5.15  6.76  

Peroxide  of  iron 94.84  88.56  96.70  79-39 

Protoxide  of  iron 1. 80  2.97  .  14.22 

Alumina 1.55 

Lime o.  35 

Magnesia 0.04 

Manganese o.  oo 

Copper trace  in  5  grins. 


o.oo 


Sulphur o.oo  o.oo  o.oo  o.oo 

Phosphoric  acid 0.025  °-O39  0.032  0.038 

100.269  


SPECULAR  ORES  FROM  IRON  COUNTY.  63 

Metallic  iron 66.52  64.31  67.69  66.63 

Phosphorus o.on  0.017  0.014  0.017 

Insoluble  Silicious  Matter. 

Silica 4.05  5.98 

Peroxide  of  iron 0.07 

Alumina o.  46 

Lime o.  12 

Magnesia 0.05 


Specific  gravity 4-714  •  •  •  • 

1.  Average  sample  of  ore  from  the    upper    part    of  the    cen- 
tral vein  (B)  ;  magnetic  ;  streak  dark  red. 

2.  Average  sample  of  ore  from  the  lower  part  of  the  central 
vein  (B),   about  80    feet   below   the    outcrop;  slightly  magnetic; 
streak  dark  red. 

3.  Soft,  friable  ore  from  the  lower  part  of  the  central  vein  (B) ; 
slightly  magnetic  ;  streak  dark  red. 

4.  Hard,  black  ore  from  the  northern  vein  (A)  ;  strongly  mag- 
netic ;  streak  black. 

These  analyses  show  that  the  Shepherd  Mountain  ore  is  very 
uniform  in  its  chemical  composition,  very  rich  in  iron,  and  almost 
entirely  free  from  sulphur  and  phosphorus.  It  is  very  nearly  as 
rich  as  the  Iron  Mountain  ore,  and  much  purer  than  either  this  or 
the  Pilot  Knob  ore. 

It  is,  besides,  nearly  free  from  mechanical  admixtures,  small  specks 
or  thin  seams  of  a  soft,  white  clay,  probably  decomposed  porphyry, 
being  the  only  foreign  matter  generally  found  in  it.  The  northern 
vein  (A)  contains,  in  a  few  places  near  its  outcrop,  some  crystalline 
iron  pyrites.  This  mineral,  however,  occurs  very  rarely,  and  does 
not  injure  the  general  quality  of  the  ore  in  the  northern  vein,  as 
the  above  analysis,  No.  4,  shows.  The  Shepherd  Mountain  ore  is 
perhaps  the  best  iron-ore  in  Missouri. 

Specular  Ores  from  the  smaller  Deposits  in  Iron  County. 
—These  ores  are  very  variable,  approaching  partly  the  Pilot  Knob 
ore,  partly  the  Iron  Mountain  ore,  in  their  general  character.  Mica- 
ceous ore  is  of  very  frequent  occurrence  in  most  of  these  smaller 
deposits.  On  Buford  Hill,  2^  miles  west  of  Iron  Mountain,  mica- 
ceous oxide  is  found  almost  exclusively.  It  occurs  in  consider- 
able irregular  accumulations,  mixed  with  quartz.  The  crystalline 
lamellae  have  a  black  color,  a  bright  lustre,  and  variable  sizes,  up 
to  one-fourth  inch  diameter.  The  ore  is  strongly  magnetic,  with 
distinct  polarity. 

The  ore  from  Cedar  Hill,  north-west  of  Pilot  Knob,  resembles  the 


64  IRON-ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

Pilot  Knob  ore  externally.  It  has  a  grayish  color,  with  but  little 
lustre,  and  is  very  dense,  hard,  and  brittle.  The  streak  is  red.  This 
ore  is  distinguished  by  the  absence  of  all  magnetism.  It  does  not 
affect  the  needle,  and  is  not  attracted  by  a  magnet,  after  being 
crushed  or  pulverized.  It  is  sometimes  mixed  with  specks  and 
seams  of  brown  porphyry.  Most  of  it  is  pure  and  very  rich  in  iron. 
Mr.  Blair  found  in  an  average  sample,  taken  by  Prof.  Pumpelly 
from  all  parts  of  the  mine — 

Insoluble  matter 5.62 

Peroxide  of  Iron 93-54 

Sulphur o.oo 

Phosphoric  Acid 0.090 

Metallic  Iron 65.47 

Phosphorus 0.039 

The  ores  found  imbedded  in  stratified  porphyry  in  some  localities, 
one-half  mile  east  of  Pilot  Knob,  are  more  like  the  Iron  Mountain  ore, 
having  a  darker  color,  a  brighter  lustre,  and  a  less  degree  of  brittle- 
ness  than  the  Pilot  Knob  ores.  They  are  mostly  softer  than  6.  All 
the  specimens  I  found  there  have  a  pretty  strong  magnetic  polarity. 

The  ore  from  Lewis  Mountain,  near  Arcadia,  is  very  variable 
in  its  mineralogical  qualities.  Most  of  it  looks  like  the  Cedar  Hill 
ore,  and  is  unmagnetic.  Other  parts  are  softer  and  tougher. 
Wherever  crystallization  appears,  the  ore  is  micaceous  and  magnetic. 
The  following  analysis,  made  by  Mr.  A.  A.  Blair,  of  St.  Louis, 
shows  this  ore  to  be  about  equal  in  quality  to  the  better  ores  of 
Pilot  Knob.  This  analysis  was  kindly  furnished  to  me  by  Hon. 
Thomas  Allen  : — 

Insoluble  silicious  matter ....    15.33$ 
Peroxide  of  Iron  (including  a 

small  amount  of  protoxide)  84.60  =  Metallic  Iron.  .59.22$ 

Alumina 0.32 

Lime 0.38 

Magnesia o.  1 5 

Manganese o.oo 

.    Sulphur 0.021 

Phosphoric  Acid 0.065  =  Phosphorus.  .0.027 

(Excess  due  to  the  presence   — 
of  protoxide.) 100.866 


BUFORD  MOUNTAIN  ORE.  65 

INSOLUBLE  SILICIOUS  MATTER. 

Silica 14.45 

Alumina 0.51 

Lime 0.06 

Magnesia 0.04 

What  has  been  said  of  the  Lewis  Mountain  ore  may  also  be 
applied  to  that  of  Hogan  Mountain.  Masses  of  soft,  coarsely  crys- 
talline, semi-micaceous,  slightly  magnetic  ore,  are,  however,  more 
frequent  in  the  latter  than  in  the  former. 

The  Buford  Mountain  ore  is  dull,  dark-colored,  soft,  in  part 
earthy.  It  is  partly  massy,  with  indications  of  stratification,  partly 
in  irregular  botryoidal  forms,  and  frequently  mixed  with  specks  and 
seams  of  decomposed  porphyry,  of  white  and  red  clay,  of  hydrated 
peroxide  of  iron,  and  of  black  peroxide  of  manganese.  The  streak 
is  therefore  very  variable,  being  red  where  the  iron-ore  prevails, 
.and  black  where  the  manganese-ore  prevails.  The  ore  has  a  strong 
polar  magnetism.  An  average  sample,  taken  by  Professor  R. 
Pumpelly  from  all  parts  of  the  lower  or  main  cut,  was  analyzed 
by  Mr.  Regis  Chauvenet,  of  St.  Louis,  and  gave  the  following 
result : — 

Insoluble  matter 8. 54  per  cent. 

Peroxide  of  Iron 68.30        " 

Peroxide  of  Manganese 19.46        " 

Sulphur o.oii      " 

Phosphoric  Acid o.  102      ' ' 

As  this  ore  is  rich  in  both  iron  and  manganese,  and  as  the  oxides 
of  both  these  metals  are,  to  all  appearance,  intimately  mixed,  this 
ore  is  likely  to  prove  a  very  valuable  material  for  the  manufacture 
of  Spiegeleisen,  now  so  extensively  used  in  the  Bessemer  process. 

Ores  with  little  iron  and  much  manganese  were  found  by  Prof. 
Pumpelly  on  Mr.  Cuthbertson's  land  in  that  vicinity,  and  analyzed 
by  Mr.  Chauvenet,  showing — 

Insoluble  matter 0.44  per  cent. 

Peroxide  of  Iron 3 . 30        " 

Peroxide  of  Manganese ..83.56        " 

The  above  descriptions  will  suffice  to  characterize  the  specular 
5 


66  IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI 

ores    occurring  in  the  porphyries  of   the  eastern    iron-region    of 
Missouri. 

2.  Specular  Ores  in  Sandstone. — I  have  mentioned  above,  that 
the  specular  ores  occurring  in  the  Silurian  sandstones  in  the  cen- 
tral ore-region,  have  nearly  the  same  mineralogical  and  chemical 
properties  as  the  specular  ores  just  described.  They  differ,  how- 
ever, considerably  in  one  respect.  I  have  alluded  to.the  alterations 
which  specular  ores  often  undergo,  passing  either  into  soft,  red 
hematite,  or  into  limonite,  or  into  carbonates.  These  alterations 
have  not  been  spoken  of  in  the  special  description  of  the  specular 
ores  in  the  porphyry,  because  they  never  take  place  there.  We  may 
find  these  specular  ores,  which  have  originated  in  the  porphyry,  in 
their  original  position  as  veins,  beds,  etc.,  in  the  solid  porphyry  ; 
we  may  find  them  in  veins,  in  the  clayish  "  bluff"  of  Iron  Moun- 
tain, or  broken  up  into  large  and  small  fragments,  imbedded  in 
loose  detritus  in  the  same  locality,  or  in  outcrops,  or  as  surface-ore 
being  exposed  to  the  atmosphere  during  an  incalculable  length  of 
time.  In  no  case  can  we  find  these  ores  to  have  undergone  any 
material  changes  in  their  chemical  or  mineralogical  character.  On 
the  other  hand,  those  specular  ores  which  have  originated  in  the 
sandstone  are  invariably  altered  when  broken  up,  or  when  exposed 
to  external  chemical  influences.  These  alterations  will  be  more 
fully  spoken  of  in  the  following  special  description  of  the  ores  in 
which  they  occur,  especially  in  that  of  the  Scotia  Iron  Ridge  and 
St.  James  ores.  I  will  however  say  here,  that  they  take  place  in 
three  distinctly  different  directions,  depending  in  each  case  on  the 
character  of  the  external  influence  which  causes  them. 

First.  When   certain  specular  ores  are  directly  exposed  to  the 
influences  of  the  atmosphere,  or  when  they  are  in  such  a  position 
1  that  both  air  and  water  may  have  access  to   them  alternately,  the 
ores  become  gradually  changed  into  brown  and  yellow  limonites. 

Second.  When  these  same  specular  ores  are  broken  up  in  larger 
or  smaller  blocks,  and  covered  with  sandy  detritus,  so  that  water 
or  mineral  solutions  have  access  to  them,  while  the  atmospheric  air 
is  more  or  less  completely  excluded,  the  ores  become  gradually 
changed  into  a  soft,  red  hematite,  which  is  in  many  instances  greasy 
to  the  touch. 

Third.  When  these  same  specular  ores  are  broken  up  and  in  a 
=tate  of  gradual  transformation  into  soft,  red  ores,  or  else  when  they 


SPECULAR  ORES.  67 

,are  already  transformed  into  soft,  red  ores,  certain  mineral  solutions 
containing  carbonic  acid  seem  to  dissolve  the  iron  under  certain 
circumstances,  and  to  depose  it  again  as  carbonate  in  fissures  and 
cavities,  either  in  the  ore  itself,  thus  changing  the  latter  gradually 
into  spathic  ore,  or  in  the  adjacent  rocks. 

The  last-mentioned  transformation  occurs  but  rarely,  and  on  a 
small  scale  ;  the  first  is  more  frequent,  though  not  generally  very 
extensive  ;  but  the  second  is  quite  common,  and  has  produced 
thorough-going  changes  in  several  important  deposits,  while  no 
broken-up  or  disturbed  deposit  is  entirely  free  from  it. 

The  fact  that  these  transformations  do  not  occur  in  the  specular 
ores  which  have  originated  in  the  porphyry,  leads  us  to  consider 
more  closely  the  dissimilarity,  however  small  it  may  be,  between 
these  ores  and  those  originally  imbedded  in  the  sandstone.  In 
doing  so,  we  find  that  the  latter  are  in  the  average  somewhat 
softer,  their  hardness  varying  from  5^  to  6.  They  are  also 
a  little  less  silicious,  less  compact,  and  more  porous.  The  small, 
irregular  cavities  and  cracks  which  are  occasionally  found  in  the 
former  are  quite  universal  and  more  equally  distributed  in  the  latter. 
When  sufficiently  large,  these  cavities  are  also  clad  with  numerous 
small  crystals  of  peroxide  of  iron,  but  they  are  less  frequently 
filled  with  quartz  or  other  minerals.  Regarding  their  form,  these 
cavities  look  somewhat  different  in  the  two  different  kinds  of  specu- 
lar ores.  While  those  in  the  porphyry-ores  seem  to  be  produced 
in  part  by  the  removal  of  minerals  formerly  enclosed  in  them,  in 
part  by  a  local  crystallization  of  the  mass  of  the  ore,  and  by  the 
expansion  or  contraction  effected  by  crystallization,  the  cavities  in 
the  sandstone-ores  have  more  the  appearance  as  if  they  were  pro- 
duced by  a  very  slow  and  uniform  contraction  of  the  ore,  which 
may  have  taken  place  during  its  consolidation,  perhaps  by  a  gradual 
abstraction  of  the  fluid  from  which  the  ore  was  precipitated. 

I  have  the  impression  that  the  above  slight  differences  between 
the  two  kinds  of  specular  ores  of  Missouri  are  sufficient  to  account 
for  the  great  difference  in  their  capability  of  being  altered  by  ex- 
terior influences.  The  associated  rocks  or  soils  may,  however, 
contribute  toward  effecting  this  difference.  The  porphyry-ores, 
when  broken  up  or  exposed,  are  generally  associated  with  less  pen- 
etrable, clayish  materials,  the  sandstone-ores  with  sandy  and  cherty 
detritus,  which  presents  an  easier  passage  to  water  or  solutions. 


68  IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI, 

If  the  existence  of  numerous  small  cavities  in  the  mass  of  the 
sandstone-ores  is  not  one  of  the  principal  causes  of  the  alterations 
of  these  ores,  the  fact  that  these  alterations  nearly  always  start  in 
such  cavities  certainly  proves  that  their  existence  greatly  facili- 
tates and  promotes  transformation  of  any  kind. 

Franklin  County  Specular  Ores. — There  are  a  few  occurrences 
of  specular  ore  in  Franklin  County,  in  the  neighborhood  of  Stanton 
and  in  the  north-west  corner  of  Washington  County.  The  greater 
part  of  these  ores  is  not  very  pure,  as  far  as  can  be  observed  from 
the  present  condition  of  the  ore-banks.  The  hard  ores  are  either 
silicious  in  themselves  or  intimately  mixed  with  sand,  so  much  so 
in  one  locality  as  to  constitute  rather  an  impregnated  sandstone 
than  a  real  iron-ore.  They  have  a  dark,  bluish-gray  color,  a  light- 
red  streak,  and  are  slightly  magnetic.  The  soft,  red  ores,  as  pro- 
duced by  the  alteration  of  the  specular,  have  a  light-red  color 
and  streak,  are  somewhat  greasy,  and  mixed  with  very  fine, 
clayish  substances.  They  are,  however,  sufficiently  rich  for  being 
smelted, 

Scotia  Ores. — The  specular  ore  of  the  two  Scotia  banks,  on  the 
Meramec  River,  in  Crawford  County,  occurs  in  various  forms  and 
in  nearly  all  stages  of  transformation.  The  hard,  unaltered  ore  is 
in  bowlders  imbedded  in  the  soft,  red  ore. 

The  hard  ore  is  steel-gray,  with  a  submetallic,  and  on  fresh- 
broken  surfaces  frequently  metallic,  lustre.  It  has  a  finely-crystal- 
line structure,  an  even  to  subconchoidal  fracture.  Its  hardness  is 
5^  to  6.  It  is  slightly  polaric-magnetic.  It  is  pretty  uniform  in 
its  appearance  and  structure,  but  contains  those  numerous  and 
pretty  equally  distributed  little  cavities  of  which  I  have  spoken 
above.  The  Scotia  ore  is,  however,  distinguished  from  all  the 
other  known  specular  ores  in  the  State  by  the  frequent  occurrence 
of  larger  drusy  cavities,  which  contain  botryoidal  and  reticulated 
forms  of  ore,  and  are  covered  all  over  with  small,  highly-splendent 
crystals  of  peroxide  of  iron,  which  often  have  an  irised  tarnish, 
and  play  in  all  colors,  presenting  a  beautiful  appearance. 

Smaller  and  larger,  well-formed  and  transparent  quartz-crystals, 
up  to  one  quarter-inch  diameter,  often  of  a  fine  yellow  color  and  of 
a  bright,  vitreous  lustre,  are  likewise  met  with  in  these  irregular 
cavities,  which  sometimes  reach  a  length  of  several  inches.  Occa- 
sionally such  cavities  are  filled  by  amorphous  or  subcrystalline, 


SCOTIA  ORES.  .  69 

wax-yellow  jasper,  enclosing  thin  seams  of  white  quartz  and  fine 
specks  of  crystalline  ore. 

The  soft,  red  hematite  which  forms  the  greater  mass  of  the  ore 
in  the  Scotia  No.  I,  as  far  as  it  is  at  present  disclosed,  is  not  a  very 
uniform  material.  It  breaks  with  very  irregular  surface,  almost  like 
a  conglomerate,  and  is  full  of  irregular  streaks,  running  in  the  de- 
posit more  or  less  vertical,  of  similar  though  somewhat  differently 
colored  and  composed  materials.  Some  of  these  are  red,  crystal- 
line, and  glittering,  and  often  silky  or  greasy,  others  yellowish  brown 
and  earthy.  The  main  body  of  this  ore  seems  to  be  an  irregular 
but  intimate  mixture  of  these  same  two  materials,  which  separately 
form  the  streaks  just  described.  The  hardness  of  the  mass  is  only 
2  to  3.  Its  streak  is  red  to  brownish  red.  It  is  not  magnetic. 

Soft,  yellow  iron-ochre  occurs  also  in  big  seams  through  the  ore- 
deposit,  and  some  large  pockets  of  it  reach  into  it  from  the  surface. 
This  ochre  is  generally  very  porous,  mixed  with  broken  chert  or 
with  red  loam,  and  permeated  irregularly  by  very  thin  seams  of 
subcrystalline  quartz. 

The  bowlders  of  hard  specular  ore  are  generally  surrounded  by 
a  layer  of  red  ore,  which  has  not  fully  the  same  degree  of  softness 
as  the  rest  of  the  soft  ore.  Yet  the  transition  from  the  hard  to  the 
soft  ore  is  here  more  abrupt  than  in  the  Iron  Ridge  and  Meramec 
deposits,  and  pieces  showing  this  transition  very  plainly  are  com- 
paratively rare.  Nevertheless,  all  appearances  indicate  that  the  red 
ore  has  been  gradually  formed  by  an  alteration  of  the  specular  ore, 
while  the  ochre  seems  to  be  a  later  product. 

The  deposit  called  Scotia  No.  2  is  distinguished  by  the  occur- 
rence of  long  and  fine  stalactites,  all  of  which  are,  in  the  greater  part 
of  their  mass,  transformed  into  red  ore.  Some  of  those,  however, 
which  are  over  an  inch  thick  have  preserved  a  specular  kernel, 
though  softened  to  about  4  in  the  mineralogical  scale  of  hardness. 

The  following  two  analyses,  made  by  Dr.  August  Wendel,  of  the 
Bessemer  Steel  Works,  Troy,  N.  Y.,  will  show  the  composition  of 
the  Scotia  ores,  and  also  the  chemical  difference  between  the  hard 
and  the  soft  ore  : — 

I.  2. 

Hard  Specular.         Soft  Ore. 

Metallic  Iron 69.37  63.15 

Silica 0.59  1.52 


70  IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

Alumina .  ...  o. n  0.76 

Magnesia traces  traces 

Phosphorus 0.016  O-IO5, 

Sulphur 0:058  0.095 

Water 0.20  7.95 

I.  Average  sample  of  the  hardest  speculur  ore  from  the  eastern 
cut  (a) of  the  Scotia  No.  I.  Looks  very  pure.  Amorphous  to  sub- 
crystalline.  Hardness,  5^  to  6^.  Slightly  magnetic. 

2.  Average  sample  of  soft,  red  hematite  from  Scotia  No.  I.,  partly 
red  and  greasy,  partly  earthy  and  slightly  greasy,  partly  yellow 
ochre,  with  numerous  small  specks  of  specular  ore  and  fine  seams 
of  quartz. 

By  calculating  the  peroxide  of  iron  from  the  above  percentages 
of  metallic  iron,  we  find  for  No.  I,  99.1  per  cent.  ;  No.  2,  90.21 
per  cent. 

These  analyses  show  that  the  hard  Scotia  specular  ore  is  near- 
ly pure  peroxide  of  iron  and  nearly  free  from  impurities,  while 
the  mixed  soft,  red,  and  ochrey  ores  contain  some  quartz,  some  pro- 
bably hydrated  silicate  of  alumina,  a  considerable  amount  of  water, 
nearly  twice  as  much  sulphur  and  six  times  as  much  phosphorus 
as  the  hard  ore.  Nevertheless,  these  soft  ores  are  quite  rich  in 
metallic  iron. 

The  chemical  changes  which  have  taken  place  in  the  specular 
ore,  by  its  transformation  into  soft,  red  ore,  consist  principally  in 
the  introduction  of  four  substances,  namely  :  of  hydrated  silicate  of 
alumina,  which  substance  very  likely  produces  the  greasiness  of  some 
of  the  soft  ore  ;  of  water  in  considerable  quantity  ;  of  phosphoric 
acid,  and  of  sulphur.  The  three  last-named  substances  are  probably 
in  combination  with  the  iron.  Quartz  has  besides  been  infiltrated  into 
seams  in  the  ochre.  From  the  loose  and  porous  structure  of  these  soft 
ores,  it  must  be  supposed  that  some  oxide  of  iron  has  been  re- 
moved, and  wa$  partly  replaced  by  hydrous  silicates  and  phos- 
phates. I  shall  come  back  to  this  subject  in  speaking  of  the  Iron 
Ridge  and  St.  James  ores,  of  which  similar  comparative  analyses 
have  been  made. 

The  high  amount  of  water  in  analysis  2  is  undoubtedly  due  to 
the  presence  of  a  considerable  quantity  of  yellow  ochre  in  the  sam- 
ple analyzed. 


SPECULAR  ORES.  71 

Specular  Ores  in  the  Steelville  District. — The  Steelville  ores 
resemble  the  Scotia  ores  very  closely,  and  do  not  need  a  special 
description.  Some  of  the  banks  of  this  district  seem  to  be  almost 
entirely  composed  of  hard,  specular  ore,  as  the  Cherry  Valley 
banks,  which,  although  not  yet  opened,  present  that  appearance. 
The  ores  of  some  other  banks  are  more  or  less  broken  up  and 
altered  into  soft,  red  ore,  which  is  here  also  conglomeratic  in  its 
fracture,  but  less  streaky,  and  more  even  in  its  color  and  general 
character  than  the  Scotia  ore.  Distinct  crystallization  is  rarely 
seen.  Stalactitic  forms  of  specular  ore,  exteriorly  converted  into 
red  ore,  occur  at  the  Cherry  Valley  banks.  Quartz  is  not  often 
found  in  these  ores.  Transformation  of  surface-ore  into  brown  and 
yellow  limonite  is  here  very  frequent,  and  can  be  well  observed 
at  the  Cherry  Valley  and  Ferguson  banks.  Smaller  pieces  are 
often  entirely  changed.  Large  bowlders  retain  a  kernel  of  specular 
ore  with  mostly  straight  and  sometimes  almost  sharp  limits,  which 
limits  become  irregular  in  such  places  only,  where  the  small  cavities 
and  pores  in  the  specular  ore  happen  to  be  more  numerous.  The 
limonite  is  much  more  porous  than  the  specular  ore,  and  a  re- 
moval of  iron  has  evidently  taken  place  during  the  transformation. 
The  crystalline  particles  seem  to  resist  this  transformation  better 
than  the  amorphous  or  subcrystalline  ground-mass  ;  for  the 
limonite  contains  numerous  specks  of  small,  crystalline,  specular 
ore.  But  the  uppermost  layer  of  bowlders  is  generally  free  from 
them,  which  shows  that  also  these  crystals  finally  become  altered. 
The  porousness  of  the  limonite  increases  toward  the  surface,  and 
the  color  gets  more  yellow,  owing  to  very  fine  seams  of  ochre. 
Close  to  the  specular  kernel,  the  limonite  is  mostly  dark  brown, 
sometimes  reddish  brown.  The  cavities  in  the  specular  ore  near 
its  limit  are  clad  with  a  brown  or  reddish-brown,  earthy  film. 
With  the  formation  of  this  film  the  change  evidently  begins.  This 
film  seems  to  get  gradually  thicker  and  more  brown.  The  small 
cavities  seem  to  widen  and  often  to  run  into  each  other,  thus  form- 
ing larger  cavities  and  spongy  masses.  The  limonite  partly  re- 
mains brown,  partly  is  altered  into  yellow  ochre,  permeating  the 
brown  ore  irregularly  in  extremely  fine  seams. 

The  specular  ore  close  to  the  limit  of  the  limonite  is  apparently 
as  hard  as  ever,  and  no  gradual  softening  of  the  ore  seems  to  pre- 
cede this  kind  of  alteration. 


72  IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

I  will  add  here  two  analyses  of  pure  specular  ores  from  the  Steel- 
/ille  district  : — 

Steelville.  Cherry  Valley. 

No.  i.  No.  r. 

Silica 1.84  1.73 

Peroxide  of  Iron 97-49 

Alumina 0.07  .... 

Lime o.  34  .... 

Magnesia 0.12  .... 

Phosphoric  Acid o.  14  .... 

Sulphur o.oo  o.  16 

Metallic  Iron 68.24  67.69 

Phosphorus 0.061  9-°39 

The  sample  from  the  Steelville  No.  I  bank  was  analyzed  by  Dr. 
Otto  Wuth,  of  Pittsburgh,  for  the  "  Iron  Mining  Company  of 
Missouri,"  and  the  result  published  in  the  prospectus  of  this  com- 
pany. The  second  analysis  was  made  by  Dr.  A.  Wendel,  of  the 
Bessemer  Steel  Works,  Troy,  N.  Y.,  from  an  average  sample  taken 
by  myself  at  the  Cherry  Valley  bank.  Most  of  the  latter  sample 
was  a  pure,  crystalline,  specular  ore.  All  of  it  was  magnetic,  a  few 
pieces  strongly  so. 

These  ores  are,  according  to  these  analyses,  very  rich  in  iron, 
and  sufficiently  pure  for  any  purpose.  In  comparing  these  analyses 
with  those  of  the  Iron  Mountain,  Scotia,  and  other  ores  from  de- 
posits which  are  opened  and  mined,  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that 
the  former  were  made  with  samples  picked  up  on  or  near  the  sur- 
face, where  they  may  occasionally  have  taken  up  some  phosphoric 
acid  from  the  ashes  of  the  grass  and  brushes,  which  are  purposely 
burnt  off  every  year  in  many  districts  of  central  Missouri,  or  some 
sulphur  from  the  reducing  action  of  decaying  plants  on  solutions  of 
sulphates. 

Specular  Ores  on  the  Upper  Meramee  River  and  its  Tributa- 
ries.— None  of  the  specular  ore-banks  in  this  district  are  as  yet 
opened  to  any  extent,  and  my  last  remark  will  therefore  also  apply 
to  them.  To  judge  from  the  appearance  of  the  surface-ore,  some 
of  these  banks,  as  the  Winkler,  Lamb,  Benton  Creek,  Fitzwater, 
and  Hutchins  Creek  banks,  are  likely  to  contain  specular  ore  almost 
exclusively,  although  on  all  of  them  superficial  transformations  into 
limonite  are  developed  more  or  less.  Others,  as  the  Grover,  Ar- 


SPECULAR  ORES.  73 

nold,  and  Smith  banks,  seem  to  contain  much  red  ore  besides  the 
specular.  Both  kinds  of  ore  Ifave  "here  about  the  same  mineralogi- 
cal  character  as  those  in  the  Steelville  district. 

Pronounced  magnetic  properties  are  however,  here,  more  frequent- 
ly met  with.  Some  of  the  specular  ores  from  Benton  Creek,  Fitz- 
water,  Hutchins  Creek,  and  Smith  banks  are  strongly  polaric,  es- 
pecially those  which  are  crystalline,  or  which  contain  numerous 
small  crystals.  Amorphous  ores,  as  they  sometimes  occur,  rarely 
possess  magnetism  in  an  observable  degree.  Also  stalactitic  speci- 
mens are  generally  unmagnetic.  Some  black  sandstone,  strongly 
impregnated  with  iron,  but  giving  a  light-red  streak,  from  the 
Benton  Creek  bank,  has  distinct  polarity. 

Fine  stalactitic  forms,  "pipe-ores,"  occur  on  the  Smith  bank 
No.  i.  Some  of  these  show  on  their  upper  side,  which  was  ex- 
posed to  the  atmosphere,  a  beginning  of  a  change  into  limonite,  while 
a  thin  layer  on  the  under  side,  which  was  imbedded  in  loam  and  sand, 
is  changed  into  soft,  red  ore. 

Many  of  these  "pipe-ores"  consist  of  clusters  of  thin,  hollow 
stalactites,  regular  pipes,  one-eighth  to  one-quarter  of  an  inch  in 
diameter,  with  comparatively  wide  holes  and  thin  walls.  They  are 
covered  on  their  inside  walls  with  crystals  of  peroxide  of  iron,  and 
on  the  outside  with  a  thin  film  of  dark-yellow  limonite.  The  struc- 
ture of  these  thin  stalactites,  whether  hollow  or  massive,  is  generally 
crystalline  and  granular,  rarely  radiated.  But  they  are  sometimes 
surrounded  concentrically  by  larger  stalactites,  in  whose  hollow  in- 
terior they  lie  like  a  casting  in  the  mould.  These  larger  surrounding 
stalactites  have  always  a  radiated  structure.  They  never  close  tight 
to  the  kernels  which  they  surround.  There  is  always  a  cylindrical 
space  between  the  inner  wall  of  the  large  and  the  outside  wall  of  the 
small  stalactite.  This  space  is  either  empty,  in  which  case  both 
walls  are  covered  with  small  crystals  of  oxide  of  iron,  or  it  is  filled 
with  soft,  red  ore,  perhaps  produced  by  the  alteration  of  such  crys- 
tals. 

This  cylindrical  space  is  sometimes  very  narrow  and  nearly  filled 
up  with  splendent  crystals.  Thus  the  fracture  of  the  stalactite 
shows  sometimes  a  small,  round,  crystalline  surface  in  the  centre, 
surrounded  first  by  a  thin,  annular  layer  of  more  loose  and  much 
more  splendent  crystals,  and  outside  of  this  by  a  thick  layer  of  less 
bright  ore  with  a  radiated  structure.  These  formations  sometimes 


74  IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

repeat  themselves.  A  specimen  I  found  on  the  Cherry  Valley 
bank,  where  they  are,  however,  less  frequent,  has  five  layers  of  radi- 
ated ore,  alternating  with  thin  layers  of  either  splendent  crystals  or 
soft,  red  ore.  The  whole  stalactite,  thus  composed,  is  divided  in  two 
halves  by  a  thin  crack,  running  across  all  the  layers  and  through 
the  thin  central  kernel,  and  being  filled  with  the  same  splendent 
crystals  which  form  some  of  the  annular  layers.  The  whole  stalac- 
tite is  exteriorly  converted  into  soft,  red  ore,  and  lies  loose  in  a  con- 
formable cavity  in  a  piece  of  specular  ore,  the  wall  of  which  cavity 
is  also  covered  with  a  layer  of  red  ore. 

Stalactites  split  lengthways,  by  a  thin  crack,  partly  filled  with 
fine  crystals  of  oxide,  have  also  been  found  at  the  Scotia  No.  2  bank, 
of  which  I  have  spoken  before. 

I  add  two  analyses  of  ores  from  the  upper  Meramec  district : — 

I.  2. 

Silica 0.98  17-97 

Peroxide  of  Iron 98.62  .... 

Alumina 0.05  .... 

Lime 0.19  .... 

Magnesia 0.08  .... 

Phosphoric  Acid 0.076  .... 

Sulphur o.oo  0.21 

Metallic  Iron 69.03  56.01 

Phosphorus 0.033  0.098 

Analysis  I  was  made  by  Dr.  Otto  Wuth,  of  Pittsburgh,  for  the 
"  Iron  Mining  Company  of  Missouri,"  and  published  in  their  pros- 
pectus. The  specimen  was  taken  from  one  of  the  Smith  banks,  and 
was  evidently  a  very  clean  piece  of  specular  ore. 

Analysis  2  was  made  by  Dr.  A.  Wendel,  of  Troy,  N.  Y. ,  from  an 
average  sample  of  the  various  kinds  of  rich  and  poor  surface-ore, 
taken  by  myself  at  the  Benton  Creek  bank.  This  sample  consisted 
only  of  one  half-inch  good  specular  ore.  The  other  half  was  mostly  a 
dull,  black,  uncrystalline,  very  hard,  brittle,  and  silicious  ore,  mixed 
with  some  hard,  grainy,  and  sandy  ore  of  a  black  color  and  of  a  weak, 
resinous  lustre.  The  object  of  this  analysis  was  principally  to  see 
whether  these  silicious  materials,  which  sometimes  occur,  especially 
at  the  outskirts  of  specular  ore-banks,  are  worth  smelting,  as  I  sup- 


SPECULAR  ORES.  75 

posed  they  were  from  their  color  and  weight.  The  result  of  the 
analysis  shows  that  these  materials  are  yet  quite  rich  in  iron, 
though  less  pure  in  regard  to  phosphorus  and  sulphur.  Clean  spec- 
ular ore,  from  this  and  all  other  localities  in  this  district,  would  un- 
doubtedly analyze  as  favorably  as  the  above  specimen  I. 

Specular  Ores  in  the  Salem  District.— Most  of  the  ores  of  this 
district  seem  to  be  unaltered  specular,  corresponding  in  their  pro- 
perties to  the  general  characteristics  of  this  ore.  The  small,  irregular 
cavities  are  very  distinct  and  numerous  in  them,  having  sometimes 
the  form  of  short  cracks,  wider  in  the  middle  and  thinning  out  to- 
ward both  ends. 

Alterations  into  soft,  red  ore  can  be  observed  on  the  Arnold, 
Jamison,  Pomeroy,  and  Taylor  banks,  and  very  fine  alterations  into 
limonite  on  the  Simmons  Mountain,  and  on  the  Arnold,  Taylor,  and 
Pomeroy  banks,  in  the  latter  two  on  a  pretty  large  scale. 

Fine  specimens  of  specular  ore  with  a  mossy  and  reticulated 
structure  are  sometimes  found  on  Simmons  Mountain. 

The  following  observations  I  made  in  this  district  will  throw  some 
light  on  the  paragenesis  of  the  various  materials  connected  with  the 
specular-ore  deposits  in  sandstone  : — 

I  found  on  the  Arnold  bank  botryoidal  and  mammillary  forms  of 
specular  ore,  clinging  directly  to  a  slightly  ferruginous  but  other- 
wise unaltered  sandstone,  composed  of  coarse,  loose  grains  with 
hardly  any  cement.  The  grains  are  slightly  red,  apparently  from  a 
thin  film  of  red  ore  deposited  on  their  surfaces.  The  specular  ore  is 
superficially  converted  partly  into  red  ore,  partly  into  brown  limo- 
nite. 

A  specimen  from  the  Taylor  bank  shows  wax-yellow  jasper  of 
the  same  description  as  that  observed  at  the  Scotia  bank,  filling  ir- 
regular and  reticulated  cavities  in  the  ore.  Other  cavities  in  the  , 
same  specimen  are  filled  with  transparent  quartz.  A  specimen 
from  the  Jamison  bank  represents  a  conglomerate  of  irregular 
grains  of  ore,  each  of  which  is  either  partly  or  wholly  surrounded 
by  a  variable  layer  of  fine-grained,  yellow  sandstone  adhering  to  it. 
They  are  cemented  together  by  a  coarse  crystalline,  transparent 
or  white  quartz. 

Infiltrations  of  transparent  quartz  in  the  massive  specular  ore  are 
frequent  on  the  Jamison  bank  and  on  the  Simmons  Mountain. 
This  infiltration  seems  to  be  accompanied  or  followed  by  a  recrys- 


76  IRON-ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

tallization  of  the  ore,  or  by  an  alteration  of  enclosed  particles  of 
specular  ore  into  loose  aggregates  of  splendent  ore-crystals. 

The  limonite  on  the  Simmons  Mountain  is,  as  most  metamorphic 
limonite,  full  of  pores  and  of  large  holes.  These  holes  frequently 
contain  infiltrations  of  crystalline  quartz.  Splendent  ore-crystals, 
of  a  flat,  rhombohedric  form,  are  found  lying  on  the  quartz.  Such 
ore-crystals  are  also  seen  there,  lying  on  films  of  limonite  which 
cover  specular  ore.  Some  of  those  rhombohedric  crystals  are 
themselves  again  exteriorly,  or  thoroughly,  changed  into  brown 
limonite. 

The  porous  limonite  on  the  Pomeroy  bank  contains  yellow  ochre 
in  its  seams  and  cavities. 

When  these  observations  are  held,  together  with  others  mentioned 
previously,  and  with  the  following — that  the  Scotia  ores  contain 
seams  of  wax-yellow  jasper  in  specular  ore,  seams  and  specks  of 
crystalline,  transparent  quartz  and  of  splendent  ore-crystals  in  the 
yellow  jasper,  seams  of  crystalline  quartz  in  yellow  ochre,  and 
rhombohedric  ore-crystals  lying  on  drusy,  crystalline  quartz — we 
come  to  the  conclusion  that  the  order  in  which  these  various  min- 
erals have  come  into  existence,  beginning  with  the  oldest,  is  as 
follows  : — 

1.  Sandstone,  white  or  yellow. 

2.  Sandstone,  colored  by,  or  impregnated  with,  oxides  of  iron. 

3.  Massy  specular  ore. 

4.  Yellow  jasper,  perhaps  simultaneous  with  the  latter. 

5.  Soft,  red,  and  greasy  ore. 

6.  Brown  limonite. 

7.  Yellow  ochre. 

8.  Transparent,  crystalline  quartz. 

9.  Rhombohedric,  splendent  ore-crystals. 

10.  Red  and  brown  incrustations  of  these  crystals. 

The  specular  ores  of  the  Salem  district  are  decidedly  more  mag- 
netic than  any  I  have  mentioned,  with  the  only  exception  of  those 
from  Shepherd  Mountain.  As  the  ores  in  the  Upper  Meramec 
district  are  more  magnetic  than  those  in  the  Steelville  district,  it  is 
evident  that  there  is  a  gradual  increase  of  magnetism  in  the  ores, 
from  north  to  south,  from  the  northern  boundary  of  Crawford 
County  toward  the  central  part  of  Dent  County.  Here,  however, 
as  in  the  Iron  Mountain  and  Shepherd  Mountain,  the  magnetism 


SPECULAR  ORES  77 

seems  to  have  its  seat  principally  near  the  surface  of  the  ground. 
Specimens  taken  from  the  south-eastern  ore-shaft  on  Simmons 
Mountain,  about  twenty  feet  below  the  surface,  are  nearly  unmag- 
netic,  while  the  ore  near  the  surface  in  the  same  locality  is  dis- 
tinctly polaric,  some  of  it  so  strong  that  pieces  two  or  three  inches 
thick  act  on  the  needle  from  a  distance  of  one  to  two  feet.  Pieces 
from  the  surface,  which  are,  in  the  greatest  part  of  their  mass,  con- 
verted into  limonite,  and  contain  only  irregular  and  rough  seams 
of  specular  ore,  cropping  the  limonite  in  various  directions,  show 
nevertheless  distinct  polarity.  Wholly  converted  pieces  are  un- 
magnetic.  Magnetic  but  unpolaric  pieces  are  comparatively  rare, 
and  generally  attract  the  south  pole  and  repulse  the  north  pole  of  a 
compass-needle.  Also  stalactitic  specimens  possess  polarity,  the 
polar  axis  being  parallel  to  the  position  of  the  stalactites.  The 
specular  ores  from  the  Pomeroy,  Taylor,  Orchard,  Jamison  banks, 
and  the  "  pipe-ore  "  from  the  Wiggins  bank,  have  mostly  a  very 
strong  polarity.  Quartz-infiltrations  seem  to  diminish  the  mag- 
netism. 

In  the  Salem  district,  as  everywhere  else  in  Missouri,  unaltered 
specular  ores  contain  very  little  sulphur  and  phosphorus,  besides 
being  very  rich  in  metallic  iron.  The  following  analyses  are  proofs 
of  this  very  important  fact : — 

i.  2.  3.  4.  5. 

Arnold         Simmons          Jamison          Wiggins          Huzzah 
Bank.         Mountain.  Bank.  Bank.  Bank. 

Silica 4.12  1.41  0.94  0.87  2.64 

Peroxide  of  Iron. ...  95.24  98.14  98.62  98.96  97.26 

Alumina o.  1 1  0.06  0.06         

Lime 0.33  0.24  0.23         

Magnesia 0.15  o.  n  0.08         

Sulphur o.oo  o.oo  o.oo  trace  trace 

Phosphoric  Acid ....  0.052  0.038  0.07         

Metallic  Iron 66.66         68.69         69.03         69.27         68.08 

Phosphorus 0.023         0.016        0.031         0.027        °-°3 

All  these  analyses  were  evidently  made  with  clean  specular  speci- 
mens. Protoxide  of  iron  was  not  determined,  although  undoubt- 
edly present  in  determinable  quantity,  to  judge  from  the  mineralo- 
gical  properties  of  these  ores,  and  from  the  fact  that  it  is  invariably 


;8  IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

found  in  such  ores  when  sought.  Analyses  I,  2,  3,  and  5  were 
made  by  Dr.  Otto  Wuth,  of  Pittsburgh  ;  analysis  4  by  Messrs. 
Chauvenet  and  Blair,  of  St.  Louis.  The  three  first  analyses  were 
made  for  the  "  Iron  Mining  Company  of  Missouri,"  and  published 
in  its  prospectus ;  the  last  two  for  Mr.  O.  A.  Zane,  of  St.  Louis, 
who  kindly  put  them  at  my  disposal. 

Iron  Ridge  Ores. — Unaltered  specular  ores  from  Iron  Ridge  are 
similar  to  the  Scotia  and  Steelville  ores  in  their  general  mineralogi- 
cal  character.  They  are  rather  more  porous,  and  contain  frequently 
enclosures  of  crystalline,  transparent  quartz.  They  are  less  mag- 
netic than  the  Steelville  ores,  and  as  Iron  Ridge  is  situated  north  of 
Steelville,  they  present  a  further  proof  that  the  magnetism  of  the 
ores  in  the  central  ore-region  decreases  toward  the  north  and  in- 
creases toward  the  south.  Pieces  of  over  three  inches'  diameter  do 
not  deflect  a  compass-needle.  Fine  ore-powder  is,  however,  some- 
what attracted  by  a  magnet,  especially  the  crystalline  and  glittering 
particles.  The  red  ore  is  unmagnetic.  By  far  the  greater  part  of  the 
ore  from  the  Iron  Ridge  No.  I  is  softened,  and  altered  into  a  red  and 
frequently  clayish  hematite.  The  transition  from  the  specular  to 
the  red  ore  can  be  observed  in  the  bowlders  which  are  imbedded 
in  the  soft  mass  of  ore,  which  principally  constitutes  the  deposit. 
When  these  bowlders,  which  are  sometimes  two  or  several  feet 
in  diameter,  are  broken,  the  interior  is  seen  to  consist  of  a  some- 
what porous  but  pretty  hard  specular  ore,  of  bluish-gray  color,  and 
composed  of  a  subcrystalline  matrix  with  little  lustre,  and  of  nume- 
rous very  small  and  splendent  crystals.  Toward  the  outside  of  the 
bowlder  the  matrix  gets  softer,  more  porous,  and  disappears  by 
degrees,  leaving  finally  a  spongy  agglomeration  of  glittering  black 
crystals.  This  black,  crystalline  zone  in  the  section  of  a  bowlder 
is  from  one-eighth  to  one-half  inch  thick.  It  is  surrounded  by  and 
passes  into  a  similar  crystalline  and  glittering  zone  of  red  color, 
one-half  to  one  and  a  half  inches  thick,  which  itself  gets  gradually 
less  bright,  then  more  and  more  greasy,  then  mixed  with  specks  and 
flakes  of  white  clay,  and  finally  turns  into  a  soft,  clayish,  dull  and 
pale,  red  hematite,  of  which  a  considerable  part  of  the  deposit  is 
composed. 

The  gradual  disappearance  of  the  matrix,  and  the  appearance  of 
the  clay,  are  in  many  bowlders  very  plain  and  unmistakable.  These 
two  changes  are,  however,  not  simultaneous.  The  white  clay  is  never 


IRON  RIDGE  ORES. 


79 


seen  in  the  black  crystalline,   and  rarely  in    the  red   crystalline, 
zone. 

The  following  analyses,  made  by  Mr.  Andrew  A.  Blair,  of  St. 
Louis,  will  show  the  chemical  changes  accompanying  this  interest- 
ing transformation  : — 

i.                 2.  3. 

Silica 0.69           O.68  8.39 

Peroxide  of  Iron 97-94         97.08  88.37 

Protoxide  of  Iron trace           0.31  .... 

Alumina 1.17           1.50  .... 

Hygroscopic  Water. .  . .   0.02           0.08  .... 

Combined  Water 0.19           0.23  3-O9 

Carbonic  Acid o.oo           0.21  .... 

Sulphur o.oo           o.oo  traces 

Phosphoric  Acid p. 068         0.079  0.207 

Metallic  Iron 61.86 

Phosphorus ....  0.091 

The  samples  I  and  2  are  taken  both  from  the  same  bowlder,  which 
had  a  diameter  of  over  3  feet. 

Sample  I  is  specular  ore,  pure,  porous,  very  little  softened,  from 
the  centre  of  the  bowlder. 

Sample  2  is  from  the  outside  of  the  bowlder,  more  than  a  foot 
from  the  central  part,  where  sample  I  was  taken,  and  consists  of 
soft,  crystalline,  glittering,  and  somewhat  greasy  red  ore. 

Sample  3  is  an  average  sample,  taken  from  all  parts  of  the  mine, 
and  containing  some  specular  but  mostly  soft  ores  of  all  varie- 
ties. 

We  see  from  the  first  analysis  that  the  unaltered  specular  ore  from 
Iron  Ridge  is  free  from  sulphur,  and  has  but  little  phosphorus,  and 
is  very  rich  in  iron. 

The  second  analysis  shows  an  increase  in  protoxide  of  iron,  alu- 
mina, water,  and  phosphorus,  and  a  small  amount  of  carbonic  acid. 
The  latter  is  probably  combined  with  the  protoxide  of  iron,  being 
just  about  as  much  as  is  necessary  to  make  carbonate  of  iron.  This 
would  indicate  that  carbonic  acid  might  have  something  to  do  with 
this  transformation,  perhaps  by  dissolving  and  removing  the  ma- 
trix. As  the  alumina  has  increased,  while  the  silica  has  not  in- 
creased, we  must  suppose  that  either  some  alunv'na  was  added  and 


80  IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

combined  with  some  of  the  silica  already  present,  or  that  some  silica 
was  removed  and  replaced  by  water,  so  as  to  form  a  hydrated  silicate 
of  alumina,  which,  I  think,  produces  the  greasy  appearance  and 
touch.  Some  of  the  alumina  may  be  or  may  have  been  in  combi- 
nation with  phosphoric  acid. 

The  analysis  3  proves  that  the  soft  and  fully  transformed  ore  is 
not  nearly  as  pure  as  that  in  the  bowlders — a  conclusion  which  we 
had  already  drawn  from  the  comparative  analyses  made  with  the 
Scotia  ores. 

Specular  Ores  in  the  St.  James  District. — The  ores  in  the  St. 
James  district  are,  when  fresh  and  unaltered,  very  similar  to  the 
unaltered  Scotia  and  Iron  Ridge  ores.  They  are,  perhaps,  a  little 
less  porous  and  a  little  more  magnetic.  They  occur  in  very  vari- 
able conditions  and  alterations. 

The  Meramec  bank  is  especially  interesting  in  this  respect. 
There  we  find  very  pure  and  clean  ore,  generally  somewhat  soft- 
ened ;  we  find  very  hard  and  silicious  ore,  containing  in  its  cavi- 
ties transparent,  crystalline  quartz  and  yellow  jasper  ;  we  find  soft, 
red  hematite  in  all  stages  of  transformation  ;  we  find  greasy  paint- 
ores  in  various  colors,  from  light  red  to  dark  purple  ;  we  find  brown 
and  yellow  ochres,  and  porous,  soft  limonites,  with  seams  of  a  very 
fine  and  uniform  reddish-brown  clay ;  we  find  the  spathic  iron- ore 
in  specks  and  seams  in  red  ore  and  in  a  peculiar,  very  dense,  yellow, 
ferruginous  limestone  ;  we  finally  find  ferruginous  chert-conglome- 
rates and  sandstones,  impregnated  with  iron-ore,  or  intimately  mixed 
with  brick-red  and  yellow  ochres.  As  the  Meramec  bank  was 
found  to  contain  so  many  varieties  of  ore,  it  seemed  to  present  a 
fine  opportunity  for  comparative  analyses.  As,  however,  time  and 
means  would  not  allow  to  have  a  large  series  of  analyses  made,  five 
of  the  most  characteristic  specimens  were  selected  for  this  purpose. 
They  were  analyzed  by  Mr.  Andrew  A.  Blair,  of  St.  Louis,  with 
the  results  given  in  the  following  table,  under  I,  2,  3,  4>  5- 

The  two  analyses  6  and  7  are  taken  from  a  pamphlet,  entitled 
"  Contribution  to  a  Knowledge  of  the  Iron-Ores  of  Missouri," 
published  in  1872  by  Prof.  Charles  P.  Williams,  Director  of  the 
School  of  Mines  of  Missouri.  They  refer  to  other  ores  from  this 
district. 


ANALYSES  OF  SPECULAR  ORES. 


81 


Insoluble  silicious  matter. 
Peroxide  of  iron  

i. 
97-23 

MERAME 

2. 

c  BANK. 

3- 
11.19 

85-95 
0.77 
0.97 
0.  12 
0.07 
0.48 
0.46 
O.I26 

o.  116 
o.oo 

100.252 

60.76 
0.0;  i 

4- 
9-30 

76.45 

I3-65 
O.O52 
0.478 

5- 

6. 

7- 

27.40 
4.II 

36.01 
29-5I 

2-45 
0.044 
0.098 

84.463 
0.783 
7.278 
trace 
0.114 
trace 
trace 
0.050 

0-153 
0.360 

49-245 
1.203 
none 

0-374 
o.ooo 

0-530 

0.087 

0.022 
0.109 
O.2I3 

Alumina    

Lime  

Water,  combined   

0.47 
o.oo 
0.092 

0.03 

O.OO 

0.089 

Sulphur        

Phosphoric  acid   

Manganous  oxide   

Metallic  iron  

.  68.06 

61.54 

0.0^9 

53-51 
0.208 

22.38 
0.047 

59-733 
0.066 

35-397 
0.047 

Phosphorus  .  .  , 

,     o.  040 

Silica 2.06 

Alumina 

Lime 

Magnesia 


Insoluble  Silicious  Matter. 
11.32         9.78         6.78 


0.27        6.686      46.330 


o.  oo        ....         ....         

0.12        

11.23 

1.  Is  an  average  sample  of  the  best  ore  found  in  the  Meramec 
mine.     It  is  a  somewhat  softened  and  slightly  altered  specular  ore. 

2.  Is  a  hard  and  silicious  specular  ore  from  bowlders  in  the  cen- 
tral and  upper  part  of  the  Meramec  bank. 

3.  Is  a  soft,  greasy  paint-ore  of  purple  color,  from  pockets  in  the 
Meramec  bank. 

4.  Soft  and  ochrey,  porous  limonite,  brown  and  yellow,  with  some 
thin  seams  of  very  fine,  brown  clay  from  the  outside  of  some  of  the 
bowlders  in  the  Meramec  bank. 

5.  Pretty  dense  but  soft,  red   ore,   and  hard,  yellow  limestone, 
mixed,  both  containing  crystalline,  spathic  ore  in  numerous  specks 
and  seams,  from  the  lower  part  of  the  Meramec  bank. 

6.  Is  an  ore  from  T.  38,  R.  6,  Sec.  33,  probably  the  "  Santee  and 
Clark's  bank."     Prof.  Williams  describes  the  specimen  thus  : — 

"  Mammillary  and  concretionary,  with  concentric  layers,  the  cen- 
tral one  being  the  blue-specular  variety,  the  second  of  the  brownish- 
red  hematite,  and  the  outer  one  a  thin  coating  of  brown  hematite, 
probably  limonite." 

7.  Is  from  T.  38,  R.  6,  Sec.   29,  probably  the   "James  bank." 
Prof.  Williams  describes  the  specimen  as  "  finely  granular,  com- 
pact, brownish-red  ore." 

The  analysis  I  shows  that  the  clean  specular  ore,  although  in  this 


82  IRON-ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

case  slightly  decomposed  or  altered,  is  very  rich  in  iron,  free  from 
sulphur,  and  does  not  contain  much  phosphorus. 

Analysis  2  shows  that  the  harder  and  more  silicious  ore,  when 
it  has  the  natural  color  and  brightness  of  a  true  specular  ore,  does 
not  contain  any  more  sulphur  and  phosphorus  than  the  ore  which 
is  not  silicious. 

A  complete  analysis  has  been  made  of  sample  3,  principally  for 
the  purpose  of  finding  out  whether  the  supposition,  made  above, 
that  the  greasiness  is  produced  by  a  small  admixture  of  very  fine 
and  perhaps  hydrated  silicates  of  alumina,  holds  good,  or  what 
else  may  cause  it.  The  result  of  the  analysis  does  not  suggest  any 
other  cause,  but  seems  to  support  the  above  supposition.  As  in 
the  2d  of  the  Iron  Ridge  analyses,  we  also  meet  here  with  a  small 
amount  of  carbonic  acid,  and  with  a  corresponding  amount  of  pro- 
toxide of  iron,  so  as  to  suggest  the  probability  of  the  presence  of 
carbonate  of  iron,  and  to  lead  us  to  the  belief  that  carbonic  acid  is 
one  of  the  agencies  which  effect,  or  at  least  prepare,  the  transform- 
ation of  specular  into  red  ore.  Another  interesting  feature  in  this 
analysis  is,  that  the  percentage  of  phosphorus  is  increased  but  little, 
when  compared  to  analyses  I  and  2,  and  that  the  increase  is 
about  in  the  same  proportion  as  that  from  No.  I  to  No.  2  of  the 
Iron  Ridge  analyses.  It  seems  therefore  probable  that  the  paint- 
ore  is  nothing  else  but  the  crystalline  and  glittering  red  ore  (similar 
to  the  Iron  Ridge  sample  2),  in  a  crushed  and  compressed  condi- 
tion. The  comparatively  large  amount  of  sulphur  in  analysis  3  is 
also  remarkable,  and  explains  the  purple  color,  which  is  undoubted- 
ly produced  by  sulphides  of  alumina,  lime,  magnesia,  and  perhaps 
of  alkalies  in  minute  quantities.  Analysis  4  gives  the  practically 
important  result  that  the  yellow  ochre  contains  a  very  large 
amount  of  phosphorus,  much  larger  than  any  of  the  other  hard  or 
soft  ores. 

Analysis  5  proves  that  the  peculiar  hard,  yellow  rock  in  which 
the  spathic  iron-ore  frequently  occurs,  is  a  very  dense  carbonate  of 
lime,  probably  mixed  with  some  silicate  and  phosphate  of  lime,  and 
with  some  peroxide  of  iron.  This  rock,  as  well  as  its  enclosures, 
would  deserve  a  repeated  chemical  examination,  separate  from  that 
of  the  red  ore,  with  which  it  was  mixed  in  sample  5. 

Analyses  6  and  7  are  interesting,  because,  considering  the  min- 
eralogical  description  of  the  specimens,  they  fully  agree  with  and 


ANALYSES  OF  SPECULAR  ORES.  83 

confirm  the  results  of  all  the  analyses  of  ores  given  in  this  report, 
and  lead  to  the  same  conclusions  and  views  regarding  those  ores. 

Specular  Ores  in  the  Rolla  District.—  The  Rolla  ores  are  nearly 
all  more  or  less  altered,  or  at  least  softened,  though  many  not  so 
much  as  to  lose  entirely  their  specular  appearance.  Most  of  them 
consist  of  specular  and  of  soft  red  particles  intimately  mixed.  They 
do  not  attract  the  needle  perceptibly,  but  are  attracted  by  a  magnet 
partially,  when  powdered  fine.  Their  porosity  is  very  unequal  in 
different  parts  of  a  piece  or  bowlder.  Some  parts  are  dense,  while 
others  contain  irregular  cavities  up  to  an  inch  in  length  and  one- 
quarter  of  an  inch  in  width,  clad  with  crystals,  or,  more  frequently, 
with  a  film  of  red  ore.  Such  ores  are  those  from  the  banks  on  Big 
Beaver  Creek.  They  pass  into  red  ores,  softening  at  first,  and  then 
changing  their  color  into  dark  red,  and  finally  getting  earthy  and 
lighter  red.  The  ores  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Rolla  are  mostly 
thus  transformed,  and  besides  frequently  mixed  with  spathic  iron- 
ore  in  specks  and  seams.  This  spathic  ore  sometimes  occurs  in 
larger  masses,  and  is  then  accompanied  by  white  or  light-gray 
clay,  enclosing  well-formed  crystals  of  iron  pyrites,  either  single 
or  in  bunches. 

The  following  analyses  were  taken  from  Prof.  Charles  P.  Wil- 
liams's  "  Contribution  to  a  Knowledge  of  the  Iron-Ores  of  Mis- 
souri "  :  — 

FeideCof°Irodn).  !Pe™X.  }  ****  97*572  45*968  77*905  83*275 
Ferrous  Oxide  (Pro-  j  „  ^Q  ' 

°'684       a4°°     l8'988       2-25i        1.206 


toxide  of  Iron)    .  .  . 

Manganous  Oxide  ......  0.252  0.265  ......     o.ooo  0.715 

Alumina  ..............  O-I99  0.802  ............  traces 

Lime  .................  2.097  0.568  0.289     ......  traces 

Magnesia  .............  trace  o.  166  trace     ......  traces 

Silicic  Acid  (Silica)  .....  2.951  1.144  I-I59     ......  3-°99 

Carbonic  Acid  ..........  .....  trace  ................. 

Phosphoric  Acid.  '.  .....  0.249  °-°35  0.281       0.033  °-3i5 

Sulphur  ...............  trace  0.009  trace       0.094  o.ooo 

Combined  Water.  .  trace 


100.981 

Metallic  Iron 63.306     68.6n     46.944     56.283  59.220 

Phosphorus 0.109       0.015       0.122       0.014     0.137 

The  empty  spaces  in  the  above  table,  as  well  as  in  all  the  pre- 


84  I  RON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

ceding  ones,  indicate  in  each  case  that  the  respective  substance 
was  not  determined.  The  various  specimens  are  described  by  Prof. 
Williams  as  follows  : — 

1.  From  T.  36,  R.  7,  Sec.  26  (perhaps  the  Hyer  bank).      "  Blue 
specular  mixed  with  brownish-red  hematite,  and  containing  some 
limonite  and  spathic  iron." 

2.  From  T.  37,  R.  8,  Sec.  33  (perhaps  the  Beaver  Creek  bank). 
"  Blue  specular   ore,  finely  granular  and  compact ;    powder  gives 
particles  attracted  by  the  magnet." 

3.  From  T.    37,  R.    8,   Sec.  20    (perhaps  the    Buckland  bank). 
"  Mixed  spathic  iron  and  limonite,  with  some  blue  specular  ore  ; 
powder  slightly  magnetic." 

4.  From  T.  37,  R.  8,  Sec.  21  (perhaps  the   Kelly  bank,  No.    2). 
No  description  of  this  sample  is  given.     It  was  probably  a  silicious 
specular  ore. 

5.  From  T.  37,  R.   8,   Sec.    15   (perhaps  Taylor's  Rolla   bank). 
"  Brownish-red  hematite,  somewhat  cellular,  slightly  magnetic." 

In  comparing  these  descriptions  with  the  above  analyses,  we  see 
that  the  samples  I,  3,  5,  which  enclosed  some  red  hematite,  limonite, 
and  spathic  ore,  contain  much  more  phosphorus  than  the  pure 
specular  ores  2  and  4. 

Analyses  I  and  2  show  that  the  specular  ores  from  the  Rolla 
district  are  as  rich  in  iron  as  any  in  central  Missouri,  and  analysis  2 
shows  that,  in  an  unaltered  state,  they  are  nearly  free  from  injurious 
ingredients.  As  the  same  observations  have  been  made  regarding 
the  ores  of  all  the  other  districts,  we  may  infer  that  these  observa- 
tions are  generally  true,  and  generally  applicable  to  all  specular 
ores  that  have  originated  in  the  Silurian  sandstones  of  Missouri. 

Gasconade  and  Miller  County  District. — The  specular  ores  on 
the  Gasconade  River,  and  in  Miller  and  Camden  Counties,  are 
similar  to  those  above  described.  Some  ores  near  Linn  Creek  are 
almost  entirely  unmagnetic.  The  specular  ores  found  south  of 
Tuscumbia  seem  to  be  very  pure,  to  judge  from  the  following 
analysis  made  by  Messrs.  Chauvenet  and  Blair,  of  St.  Louis,  of  a 
sample  from  the  west  bank.  This  analysis  was  kindly  furnished  to 
me  by  Mr.  M.  S.  Cartter,  of  St.  Louis  : — 


CALL  A  WA  Y  CO  UNTY  HEM  A  TITES.  8  5 

Insoluble 1 1.077 

Peroxide  of  Iron 88. 52 

Sulphur trace 

Phosphorus trace 

Metallic  Iron 61.96 

b.    RED    HEMATITES. 

A  general  description  of  the  red  hematite  found  in  the  carbonif- 
erous formation  of  Missouri  has  been  given  in  the  introduction  to 
the  third  chapter  of  the  present  report.  According  to  that  descrip- 
tion there  are  three  varieties  of  this  ore,  namely  :  one,  dull-red,  soft, 
earthy,  and  frequently  coarsely  porous  to  spongy,  and  uneven  in 
the  fracture  ;  another,  dark,  bluish  gray,  sometimes  with  a  slight 
submetallic  lustre,  hard,  dense,  and  compact,  with  very  fine  grain, 
and  with  a  subconchoidal  fracture  ;  a  third,  coarse  grained  to  oolitic, 
the  grains  being  of  the  compact  ore,  and  surrounded  and  cemented 
by  the  earthy  ore.  The  earthy  variety  is  the  most  common.  The 
other  two  varieties  have  only  been  observed  in  Callaway  County. 
The  earthy  ore  sometimes  encloses  spathic  iron-ore.  When  ex- 
posed to  atmospheric  influences  it  is  altered  into  limonite. 

Callaway  County  Hematites. — The  red  hematites  in  the  sub- 
carboniferous  strata  of  Callaway  County  occur  in  the  most  variable 
forms.  The  "Old  Digging"  and  "Murphy's  Hill,"  five  miles 
south-east  of  New  Bloomfield,  contain  some  handsome,  coarsely 
oolitic  ore,  besides  the  earthy  hematite. 

The  ores  from  the  vicinity  of  New  Bloomfield  are  mostly  com- 
pact and  heavy,  some  bluish  gray,  others  dark  red.  They  frequently 
show  a  thin  stratification.  They  are  also  found  in  concretionary 
forms,  and  seem  occasionally  to  pass  into  the  earthy  hematite. 
They  sometimes  enclose  spirifera  and  other  fossils.  Some  of  the 
ore  on  the  Henderson  bank  has  an  earthy  or  a  finely  oolitic  struc- 
ture. 

The  ore  on  the  Knight  bank,  near  Fulton,  is  in  part  dense  and 
concretionary,  in  part  earthy.  The  latter  has  a  light-red  color  and 
streak,  and  is  especially  distinguished  by  the  admixture  of  a  large 
amount  of  spathic  iron-ore  in  ^specks  and  seams.  Concretions  of 
this  ore  are  hard,  and  sometimes  reach  the  mineralogical  hardness  6. 
Spongy  hematites  are  rarely  found  in  Callaway  County. 


86  IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

The  following  analyses  were  made  by  Mr.  F.  Emmerton,  of  the 
Joliet  Iron  and  Steel  Works,  and  were  put  at  my  disposal  through 
the  kindness  of  Mr.  A.  B.  Meeker,  of  Chicago  : — 

^NEW  BLOOMFIELD  ORES.      KNIGHT  BANK. 

i.  2.  3. 

Compact  Earthy 

Variety.  Variety. 

Metallic  Iron 63.87  61.17  53-°o 

Silica 5.80             8.63.              

Phosphoric  Acid o.  10  0.165  1-87 

Sulphur 0.017  0.018               

The  specimen  3  was  of  the  red,  earthy  kind,  mixed  with  spathic 
iron,  as  above  mentioned.  This  ore  is  probably  altered,  and  has 
taken  up  a  considerable  percentage  of  phosphorus,  besides  the  car- 
bonates. The  analyses  I  and  2  show  that  the  dense  as  well  as  the 
earthy  varieties  of  these  ores,  when  unaltered  and  free  from  carbo- 
nates, do  not  contain  a  large  amount  of  injurious  ingredients,  and 
are  very  rich  in  iron. 

Hematites  in  St.  Clair  and  Henry  Counties. — The  red  hematites 
in  the  north-eastern  corner  of  St.  Clair  County,  and  those  in  the 
southern  and  eastern  portions  of  Henry  County,  seem  to  belong  ex- 
clusively to  the  soft,  earthy,  and  spongy  variety,  and  are  very  fre- 
quently and  extensively  altered  into  soft,  spongy,  brown  or  yellow 
limonites,  as  far  as  can  be  judged  from  the  present  appearance  of 
the  banks,  none  of  which  are  as  yet  opened.  The  following  analysis 
was  made  by  Mr.  A.  A.  Blair,  of  St.  Louis,  from  a  mixed  sample 
of  soft,  spongy,  partly  red  but  mostly  brown  hematite,  from  the 
Marmaduke  bank  : — 

Peroxide  of  Iron 84.02 

Silica 3.08 

Phosphoric  Acid 0.861 

Sulphur 0.171 

Water 10.98 

Metallic  Iron.  .'.' 58.81  . 

Phosphorus o.  376 

This  ore  has  a  high  percentage  of  metallic  iron,  but  is  not  very 
pure  in  regard  to  sulphur  and  phosphorus.  As  the  specimen  had 


LIMONITES.  87 

to  be  taken  from  the  surface,  where  the  ore  had  been  in  contact 
with  the  soil  and  its  vegetation  for  a  long  period,  and  as  it  was  al- 
most entirely  altered  into  limonite,  it  may  be  expected  that  the  ore 
to  be  found  in  the  hematite  banks  of  this  district,  when  opened,  will 
contain  a  much  smaller  quantity  of  these  substances,  and  will  prob- 
ably also  prove  richer  yet  in  iron. 

C.    LIMONITES. 

I  have  given  a  general  description  of  the  Missouri  limonites  in 
the  introduction  to  the  present  chapter  (III.),  to  which  description 
I  must  here  refer.  From  that  it  would  seem  that  two  different 
varieties  could  be  distinguished,  the  porous  and  the  stalactitic. 
This  is,  however,  not  really  the  case.  Indeed,  if  we  inspect  those 
limonites,  which  apparently  consist  of  one  coherent  though  porous 
mass,  more  closely  and  more  carefully  through  a  magnifying  glass, 
we  find  them  almost  invariably  composed  of  single,  but  densely- 
packed,  round,  stalactitic  columns,  and  we  find  also  that  the  pores, 
which  are  seen  by  the  naked  eye,  are  generally  interstices  left 
between  such  stalactites,  or  between  less  regular  mammillary  or 
botryoidal  forms.  These  pores  are  distinguished  from  those  found 
in  the  specular  ores  of  central  Missouri,  by  sharper  and  smoother 
outlines,  curved  toward  the  inside  of  the  cavity,  thus  forming 
very  sharp  angles,  which  point,  not  in  two  opposite  directions  only, 
but  always  in  several  directions.  We  may  therefore  say,  in  general, 
that  all  the  Missouri  limonites,  with  the  exception  of  some  of  those 
produced  by  transformation  of  specular  ores,  are  of  stalactitic 
structure  and  origin. 

The  appearance  of  the  pores  and  cavities  does  not,  however, 
present  a  perfectly  reliable  means  by  which  the  original  limonites 
might  be  distinguished,  in  all  instances,  from  those  produced  by  the 
alteration  of  specular  ores,  for  two  reasons :  first,  because  the 
specular  ores  occur  themselves  not  unfrequently  in  stalactitic  forms, 
similar  to  those  of  the  original  limonites ;  second,  because  both 
kinds  of  limonites,  and  especially  those  produced  by  alteration, 
often  lose  their  original  structure  entirely,  through  the  influence  of 
atmospheric  agencies,  both  kinds  becoming  thereby  either  irregu- 
larly streaky  or  more  or  less  spongy. 

Ores  in  the  South-eastern  Limonite  District. — Several  limon- 
ite deposits,  situated  along  the  Mississippi  River,  have  been  favorably 


88  IR  ON-  ORES  OF  MISSO  URL 

reported  on  by  Dr.  B.  F.  Shumard,  in  his  geological  reports  on  St. 
Genevieve,  Perry,  and  Cape  Girardeau  Counties,  which  reports  will 
be  found  in  the  second  volume  of  the  present  (third)  Annual  Report 
of  the  Geological  Survey  of  Missouri. 

I  have  inspected  but  one  locality  in  this  district,  namely,  the  Col- 
lins bank  in  Perry  County.  The  limonite  which  occurs  there  is 
very  dense,  hard,  and  apparently  silicious,  and  is  frequently  mixed 
with  fine  chert-breccia.  It  is  also  found  as  an  impregnation  of  sand- 
stone. The  ores  in  the  vicinity  of  Irondale,  Washington  County, 
are  in  part  hard  and  botryoidal  or  reniform,  in  part  soft  and 
ochrey.  They  sometimes  contain  splendent  quartz  in  seams. 

The  richest  part  of  the  south-eastern  limonite  district  is  in  the 
southern  portion  of  Iron,  Madison,  and  Bellinger  Counties,  and  in 
Wayne  County.  Most  of  the  limonites,  which  are  found  abundantly 
in  these  counties,  are  hard',  compact,  and  massive,  yet  showing  dis- 
tinctly their  stalactitic  origin  in  the  structure.  The  Cornwall  limo- 
nites are  softer  and  more  ochrey  than  the  others,  but  pretty  free 
from  foreign  mechanical  admixtures. 

The  ores  found  east  of  Marquand  and  Marble  Hill  are  hard,  and 
in  many  places  very  pure,  while  in  others  they  seem  to  be  more 
silicious,  and  enclose  fragments  of  white  chert,  and  then  resemble 
somewhat  the  above-described  limonites  of  Perry  County. 

The  following  analyses  will  show  the  chemical  composition  of  the 
south-eastern  limonites  : — 

I.  2.  3. 

Peroxide  of  Iron 72.58  81.40  80.98 

Silica 5.84  3.01  1.98 

Sulphur 0.17  0.07  o.oo 

Water 14.96  11.78 

Metallic  Iron 50.81          56.98         56.68 

Phosphorus 0.34  0.15  0.123 

The  two  first  analyses  were  made  by  Dr.  August  Wendel,  of  the 
Bessemer  Steel  Works,  Troy,  N.  Y.,  the  third  by  Messrs.  Chauve- 
net  &  Blair,  of  St.  Louis.  I  owe  the  latter  to  the  kindness  of  Mr. 
H.  S.  Reed,  of  St.  Louis. 

Sample  I  was  an  average  sample  taken  at  the  Ford  bank,  near 
Cornwall,  and  consisted  of  one-third  hard  limonite,  and  two-thirds 
soft  limonite,  mixed  with  some  ochre. 


LIMONITES.  89 

Sample  2  was  a  hard,  dense  ore  of  stalactitic  structure,  from 
the  Francis  bank,  6  miles  south  of  Marble  Hill. 

Sample  3  was  a  hard  limonite,  from  the  vicinity  of  Marble 
Hill. 

We  see  that  these  ores,  although  less  rich  and  less  pure  than  the 
specular  and  red  ores,  are,  however,  good  and  valuable.  We  also 
see  that  the  hard  limonites  are  purer  than  the  soft,  ochrey  ones. 

Franklin  County  Limonites. — The  Moselle  limonites,  and  the 
brown  ores  south  of  Stanton,  have  mostly  a  dark  color,  and  are 
partly  hard  and  dense,  partly  soft  and  not  unlike  a  fine  sponge. 
A  few  banks  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Moselle  Iron  Works  are  distin- 
guished by  the  reniform  structure  of  their  ores.  These  are  com- 
monly called  "  kidney-ores."  The  single  kidneys  are  sometimes 
several  inches  in  diameter,  and  have  walls,  half  an  inch  thick,  of 
very  hard,  dark-brown  limonite,  passing,  toward  the  outside,  into  an 
ochrey  clay.  The  hollow  space  inside  these  kidneys  frequently 
contains  rounded  pieces  of  a  very  fine,  hardened  clay  of  white  or 
yellowish  color. 

Admixtures  of  chert  are  not  often  seen  in  this  district.  But  in 
some  localities  heavy-spar  is  mixed  with  the  ore.  Also  pseudo- 
morphs  after  pyrites  occur,  some  of  which  contain  undecomposed 
masses  of  this  mineral  in  the  centre. 

The  following  analysis  was  made  by  Dr.  August  Wendel,  of 
Troy,  from  a  specimen  of  hard,  dark-brown  limonite,  containing 
fine,  irregular  pores,  evenly  distributed,  from  the  Bowlen  bank, 
south-east  of  Moselle  : — 

Peroxide  of  Iron 81.38 

Silica 2.88 

Sulphur 0. 13 

Water 1 1 . 70 

Metallic  Iron 56.97 

Phosphorus o.  1 2 

This  analysis  has  a  great  resemblance  with  that  of  the  Francis 
bank  ore,  as  given  above. 

A  good  specimen  from  the  Blanton  limonite  bank,  10  miles 
south  of  Stanton,  was  analyzed  by  Mr.  A.  A.  Blair,  and  con- 
tained— 


90  IRON-ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

Peroxide  of  Iron 84.16 

or  Metallic  Iron 58.91 

Limonites  in  the  Central  Ore-region. — A  look  on  the  ore-bank 
map  which  accompanies  this  report  will  show  that  the  central  ore- 
region  contains  a  number  of  limonite  deposits,  besides  its  numerous 
deposits  of  specular  ore.  These  limonites  resemble  those  of  Frank- 
lin County  very  closely.  Some  such  ores  in  the  Steelville  district 
are  very  clean  and  uniform,  while  some  on  the  tributaries  of  the 
Upper  Meramec  are  occasionally  mixed  with  white  chert.  Heavy- 
spar  has  not  been  found  with  the  limonites  of  this  region.  Also 
pyrites  occurs  rarely. 

Limonites  on  the  Osage  River. — The  western  ore-region  of 
Missouri,  on  the  Osage  River,  contains  almost  exclusively  limonites. 
Those  on  the  Lower  and  Middle  Osage  River,  nearTuscumbia,  Linn 
Creek,  Boulinger  Creek,  and  Warsaw,  are  mostly  fine,  pure  ores  of 
medium  hardness  and  of  a  very  favorable  degree  of  porosity. 
Their  structure  is  very  distinctly  stalactitic,  and  true  stalactites  are 
frequently  met  with  on  some  banks  in  considerable  quantities  ;  as,  for 
instance,  on  the  Indian  Creek,  on  the  Elm  Hollow,  and  on  some  banks 
near  Tuscumbia.  These  stalactites  are  generally  round  in  section, 
long  and  thin.  Their  diameter  varies  from  -£-$  to  £  inch.  They  are 
always  massive,  and  are  formed  of  a  dense  and  hard,  grayish-brown 
ore.  They  do  not  show  a  crystalline  structure  in  their  fracture; 
but  the  surface  is  almost  invariably  covered  with  small  pseudomor- 
phous  crystals  after  pyrites  or  after  marcasites.  In  some  in- 
stances these  crystals  are  larger,  up  to  ^  inch  in  diameter,  and  con- 
stitute the  main  portion  of  the  stalactitic  individuals,  which  then 
appear  externally  to  be  altogether  composed  of  aggregated  crystals. 
The  single  stalactites  are  themselves  aggregated  either  in  bunches 
or  in  wavy  sheets.  The  inside  of  bunches  sometimes  consists  of 
sulphide  of  iron  ;  in  most  cases,  however,  they  are  entirely  changed 
into  limonite. 

That  ore,  which  forms  large  coherent  bodies,  and  which  is  much 
more  common  than  the  true  stalactites,  is  also  of  stalactitic  origin, 
to  judge  from  the  shape  and  distribution  of  its  pores  and  cavities, 
and  was  undoubtedly  deposited  in  caves,  from  solutions  which 
have  been  infiltrated  from  above. 

The  Osage  ores  are  mostly  free  from  foreign  matter.     In  a  few 


LIMONITES,  gi 

localities  only,  chert  is  found  mixed  with  the  ore.  The  walls  of  the 
small  cavities  are  generally  covered  with  a  layer  of  brown  and  yellow 
ochre.  Larger  masses  of  ochre  have  not  been  discovered. 

While  the  ores  on  the  Lower  and  Middle  Osage,  which  I  have  just 
described,  occur  on  the  Silurian  limestones,  the  limonites  on  the 
Upper  Osage,  above  Warsaw,  are  found  on  the  subcarboniferous 
limestones,  and  are  also  somewhat  different  mineralogically.  They 
have  a  very  dark,  sometimes  nearly  black,  color.  The  stalactitic 
structure  is  less  common  and  less  distinct  than  many  of  the  other 
limonites  occurring  on  limestones  in  Missouri.  On  the  other  hand, 
botryoidal  and  mammillary  forms,  consisting  of  numerous  thin  and 
parallel  layers  of  dark-brown  ore,  are  very  frequent.  The  single 
layers  peel  off  from  each  other  easily,  and  are  sometimes  naturally 
separated  from  each  other  by  fine,  empty  fissures  with  rough  sur- 
faces. The  massy  ore,  which  is  more  common,  is  often  spongy  in 
the  fracture,  and  is  mixed  irregularly  with  small  botryoidal  masses 
and  seams  of  a  soft  but  splendent  limonite,  of  nearly  black  color 
and  of  vitreo-metallic  lustre. 

The  chemical  composition  of  the  Osage  limonites  will  be  seen 
from  the  following  analyses,  made  by  Mr.  Andrew  A.  Blair,  of  St. 
Louis.  The  first  analysis  was  kindly  furnished  to  me  by  Mr.  M.  S. 
Cartter,  of  St.  Louis  :  — 


Middle  Osage.  PPer 

Osage.  Osage. 

I.                     2.                     3.  4.                   5. 

Peroxide  of  Iron.  ...   67.07         82.02         84.10  .....       77-42 

Manganese  ..............          .....          .....  .....         o.oo 

Silica  ....................            5.13           3.59  .....         8.05 

Phosphoric  Acid  .........           0.091         0.077  0.084         0.076 

Sulphur  .................           0.015         °-OO  0.084         0.147 

Water  ...................          12.80         11.60  .....        12.49 

Insoluble  matter....    14.27          .....          .....  .....          .... 

Metallic  Iron  .......  46-95         57.41          58.87  .....        54-19 

Phosphorus  .............           0.041         0.034  0.037          0.034 

1.  Soft,  earthy  limonite,  from  the  Laclede  bank,  near  Tuscumbia. 

2.  Hard  limonite,  with  a  stalactitic  structure,  the  pores  filled 
with  yellow  ochre  ;  from  the  White  bank,  near  Boulinger  Creek. 


92  IR  ON-  ORES  OF  MISSO  URL 

3.  Loose  pipe-ore,  broken  stalactites,  from  the  Indian  Creek 
bank,  near  Warsaw. 

4-  Stalactitic  aggregate  of  pseudomorphous  crystals  of  limonite 
after  marcasite,  from  the  Elm  Hollow  bank,  near  Warsaw. 

5.  Average  sample  of  ore  from  the  Sheldon  bank,  on  Bear 
Creek ;  in  part  a  moderately  hard,  brown  limonite,  containing 
some  yellow  ochre  in  its  pores  ;  in  part  a  very  dark,  nearly  black, 
mammillary  limonite;  in  part  a  spongy  limonite,  with  dark-brown, 
submetallic  seams. 

All  these  ores  are  rich  in  iron,  and  contain  but  little  sulphur, 
while  the  percentage  of  phosphorus  is  so  low  that  they  can,  in  this 
respect,  almost  be  compared  with  the  specular  ores.  These  limo- 
nites  on  the  Osage  River  are  indeed  remarkable  for  their  chemical 
purity.  It  is  also  apparent,  from  the  above  analyses,  that  there  is 
no  difference  in  this  respect  between  the  stalactites  and  the  massy 
ore. 

Analysis  4  was  made  for  the  purpose  of  investigating  whether 
pseudomorphs  after  sulphides  do  not  contain  a  considerable  amount 
of  sulphur.  The  result  shows  that  such  pseudomorphs  may  be  as 
pure  as  the  rest  of  the  ore. 

As  a  part  of  sample  5  looked  nearly  black,  it  was  supposed  that 
it  might  contain  some  oxide  of  manganese.  The  analysis,  however, 
showed  that  this  is  not  the  case. 


CHAPTER  V, 

IRON-ORES    OF    MISSOURI. 
BY  ADOLPH   SCHMIDT,    PH.D. 

C.  Modes  of  Occurrence  and  Descriptions  of  Deposits. 

WE  have  seen  in  the  preceding  chapters,  II.  and  III.,  that 
two  principal  mineralogical  species  of  iron-ores  are  represented  in 
Missouri  -  the  hematite  and  the  limonite — and  that  the  hematite 
occurs  in  two  very  different  and  distinct  varieties,  the  specular  ore 
and  the  red  hematite. 

We  have,  moreover,  seen  in  section  A  that  the  specular  ore 
occurs  either  in  porphyry  or  in  sandstone ;  that  the  red  hematite 
forms  strata  in  the  carboniferous  system ;  and  that  the  limonite  is 
generally  deposited  on  limestone.  This  gives  us  four  classes  of 
original  ore-deposits.  I  have  mentioned,  in  the  same  connection, 
that  the  deposits  of  specular  ore  in  sandstone  are  very  frequently 
found  to  be  disturbed  and  broken,  and  altered  in  regard  to  their 
position.  Some  of  them,  according  to  their  present  appearance, 
seem  to  be  broken  up  entirely,  and  their  parts  and  fragments  seem 
to  be  drifted  some  distance,  and  to  be  deposited  a  second  time, 
either  irregularly  or  in  alternate  layers,  with  the  sandy  and  cherry 
detritus  produced  by  the  destruction  of  sandstones  and  limestones. 
Such  is  the  present  appearance  of  many  specular-ore  banks,  as  well 
as  that  of  some  deposits  of  red  hematite  and  of  limonite. 

Very  few  deposits  of  this  character,  however,  have  been  opened, 
and  none  of  them  are  as  yet  sufficiently  opened  and  worked  to  allow 
a  clear  insight  into  their  structure  and  formation.  It  is  not  impos- 
sible, in  some  instances  perhaps  probable,  that  the  working  of  such 
deposits  will  lead  to  the  discovery  of  original  deposits  in  the  interior 
of  the  same  hills  on  which  the  former  appear,  and  that  these  will 
prove  to  be  only  outliers  of  such  original  deposits  in  their  vicinity, 
and  not  to  be  beds  of  far-drifted  ore.  Their  present  appearances, 
however,  do  not  generally  indicate  this,  and  we  have  to  judge  them 


94  IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

by  what  we  can  see,  to  avoid  losing  ourselves  in  bold  suppositions 
and  speculations.  Therefore,  as  long  as  the  internal  structure  of 
these  deposits  is  not  better  known,  we  must  place  them  in  a  sepa- 
rate class,  as  "  drifted  deposits." 

Thus,  for  the  purpose  of  a  systematic  description  of  the  modes  of 
occurrence  of  iron-ores  in  Missouri,  we  are  led  to  assume  the  exist- 
ence of  the  following  eight  kinds  of  deposits  : — 

a.  Deposits  of  specular  ore  in  porphyry. 

b.  Deposits  of  specular  ore  in  sandstone. 

c.  Disturbed  deposits  of  specular  ore. 

d.  Drifted  deposits  of  specular  ore. 

e.  Strata  of  red  hematite. 

f.  Disturbed  or  drifted  deposits  of  red  hematite. 

g.  Deposits  of  limonite  on  limestone. 

h.   Disturbed  or  drifted  deposits  of  limonite. 

a.    DEPOSITS   OF   SPECULAR   ORE   IN    PORPHYRY. 

The  deposits  of  specular  ore  in  the  porphyries  of  eastern  Mis- 
souri, especially  in  St.  Fra^ois  and  Iron  Counties,  occur  in  the  most 
varied  sizes  and  shapes.  There  are  very  large  deposits  side  by  side 
with  those  scarcely  workable.  There  are  regular  veins,  as  in 
Shepherd  Mountain  and  Iron  Mountain  ;  there  are  regular  beds,  as 
in  Pilot  Knob  and  in  some  localities  east  of  it ;  there  are  irregular 
deposits,  some  of  which  somewhat  approach  veins  by  their  shape, 
as  on  Lewis  Mountain  ;  while  others  have  proved  to  be  isolated 
pockets,  as  on  Hogan  Mountain. 

The  principal  and  most  common  kind  of  porphyry  of  which  the 
greater  portion  of  the  hills  in  the  vicinity  of  the  ore  deposits,  and 
in  general  most  of  the  porphyry-hills  in  that  whole  region,  are  com- 
posed, is  chocolate-brown  to  brownish-black  in  color,  and  contains 
numerous  small  feldspar-crystals,  pretty  evenly  distributed  in  the 
matrix.  These  feldspar-crystals  are  generally  not  over  one-eighth 
inch  long  and  about  one-half  as  wide.  Some  of  them  are  color- 
less and  transparent,  others  red  and  opaque,  the  latter  being  mostly 
thicker,  without  being  longer  than  the  former.  The  red  crystals 
have  the  appearance  of  orthoclase,  the  transparent  ones  that  of 
oligoclase. 

These  two  kinds  of  feldspar-crystals  occur  sometimes  separate, 
sometimes  together.  I  will  call  this  porphyry  the  brown  or  normal 


SPECULAR  ORE  IN  PORPHYRY.  95 

porphyry.  It  is  very  hard  and  brittle.  It  breaks  in  thin  and  flat 
splinters  with  very  sharp  edges  and  with  a  subconchoidal  fracture. 
It  breaks  very  suddenly  under  the  hammer,  and  the  splinters  fly  off 
with  great  rapidity  and  vehemence. 

This  porphyry  sometimes  contains  quartz  either  in  light-gray 
grains  or  in  transparent  crystals,  colorless  or  slightly  yellow.  Also 
specks  of  a  green  mineral,  perhaps  chlorite,  and  iron  and  copper 
pyrites  occur  in  it.  Large  masses  of  a  brown  feldspathic  rock  of  a 
dirty-brown  color,  containing  no  crystals,  and  being  tougher  and 
softer  than  the  surrounding  rock,  are  frequently  met  with  in  this 
normal  porphyry.  So  are  also  smaller  streaks  and  masses  of  red 
porphyry.  The  latter  are  of  very  variable  and  irregular  shapes,  and 
seem  to  be  produced  by  accidental  infiltrations  which  changed  the 
color  of  the  rock. 

The  brown  or  normal  porphyry  occurs  in  some  localities  flaked 
and  banded,  with  black,  brown,  and  red,  parallel,  undulating,  thin 
stripes  ;  the  crystals  cutting  through  the  stripes  in  the  matrix.  But 
this  porphyry  is  always  massive,  never  stratified.  By  gradual  de- 
composition the  transparent  feldspar  turns  opaque  and  white,  the 
red  feldspar  light  brown  and  yellow.  When  the  whole  mass  of  the 
porphyry  is  gradually  decomposed  by  the  dissolving  action  of  the 
atmosphere,  or  of  acid  waters  on  its  alkalies,  it  turns  at  first  pale 
brown,  then  light  red,  then  light  yellow,  and  finally  white.  It  gets  at 
the  same  time  more  and  more  soft  and  friable,  and  is  finally  changed 
into  a  white  or  gray  or  light-yellow,  loose,  clayish  mass,  in  which 
sometimes  the  original  feldspar-crystals  can  be  indistinctly  recog- 
nized, the  transparent  ones  as  very  white  spots,  the  red  ones  as 
yellow  spots  of  a  darker  shade  than  the  surrounding  clay. 

Another  kind  of  porphyry,  which  is  less  frequent  than  the  former, 
but  occurs  in  immense  bodies,  so  that  large  portions  of  certain  hills 
are  composed  of  it,  is  the  "  red  porphyry."  This  porphyry  has  a 
light  flesh- red  color,  and  contains  generally  no  feldspar-crystals. 
In  very  rare  instances,  however,  small,  red  crystals  of  a  darker  shade 
than  the  matrix  are  found  in  it,  either  single  or  irregularly  distribu- 
ted. This  porphyry,  when  entirely  intact,  is  nearly  as  hard  and 
brittle  as  the  normal  porphyry,  and  breaks  then  with  a  subconchoi- 
dal fracture.  It  is,  however,  rarely  found  thus — probably  owing  to 
its  being  much  more  liable  to  be  decomposed  than  the  normal 
porphyry.  As  mostly  found,  it  is  much  softer,  rather  tough  in 


96  IR  ON-  ORES  OF  MISSO  URL 

breaking,  and  presents,  when  broken,  an  even  to  irregular  frac- 
ture. 

The  red  porphyry  is  very  frequently  inclined  to  assume  a  stratified 
appearance,  and  in  several  localities  forms  regular  strata,  apparent- 
ly extending,  in  uniform  thicknesses,  over  considerable  areas.  The 
thickness  of  the  single  layers  varies  from  one-quarter  of  an  inch  to 
several  inches.  These  stratified  porphyries  seem  to  contain  some- 
times transparent  feldspar-crystals,  though  very  rarely.  But  they 
are  principally  distinguished  by  the  more  frequent,  though  irregu- 
lar, occurrence  of  quartz  in  grains  and  specks. 

The  red  porphyry  passes  by  gradual  decomposition  and  under 
removal  of  the  alkalies,  at  first  into  a  peculiar,  light-yellow,  soft 
rock,  somewhat  resembling  an  uncrystalline  limestone,  and  finally 
into  a  more  or  less  white,  loose,  clayish  mass.  Such  a  clayish  mass 
is  the  so-called  "bluff"  on  the  Iron  Mountain.  The  red  porphyry, 
at  its  lines  of  contact  with  the  brown  porphyry,  either  mixes  with 
the  latter  irregularly,  or  passes  into  it  gradually  by  taking  up  feld- 
spar-crystals and  by  assuming  a  darker  color.  Both  porphyries 
must  therefore  be  considered  to  be  of  a  similar  and  simultaneous 
geological  origin. 

The  red  porphyry  seems,  however,  to  be  in  a  certain  relation, 
though  not  a  very  plain  one,  to  the  ore-deposits,  and  to  be  in  a 
closer  connection  with  them  than  the  normal  porphyry.  The  lat- 
ter contains  very  seldom  veins'or  seams  or  specks  of  ore,  while  all 
such  are  very  common  in  the  red  porphyry.  Large  masses  of  red 
porphyry  occur  in  close  proximity  to  the  ore-deposits  on  Iron 
Mountain,  Pilot  Knob,  Shepherd  Mountain,  and  Cedar  Hill.  Cer- 
tain enclosures  in  the  Iron  Mountain  veins,  the  distinct  stratifica- 
tion of  the  ore-bed  on  Pilot  Knob,  and  other  facts  to  be  mentioned 
hereafter,  indicate  that  both  these  hills  were  originally  composed 
of  red  porphyry. 

It  might  be  supposed  from  this  that  red  porphyry  owes  its  exist- 
ence to  a  mere  change  of  color  produced  by  the  same  influences 
which  caused  the  deposition  of  the  ore.  This  is,  however,  not  so  ; 
for  the  red  porphyry,  besides  being  somewhat  different  lithologi- 
cally,  occurs  very  frequently  without  ore,  and  veins  and  seams  of 
ore  do  occur  sometimes  in  the  brown  porphyry  without  producing 
in  the  latter  a  decided  and  uniform  change  of  color.  We  also  see 
from  this  that  the  existence  of  ore-deposits,  although  evidently  fa- 


SPECULAR  ORE  IN  PORPHYRY.  97 

voring  the  vicinity  of  the  red  porphyry,  is  by  no  means  dependent 
upon  its  immediate  proximity. 

The  question,  how  iron-ore  deposits  like  those  which  are  found 
in  such  variable  shapes  in  these  porphyries  may  have  been  formed, 
is  one  which  is  treated  in  a  general  way  in  all  manuals  of  geology, 
and  more  specially  in  numerous  other  geological  publications.  I 
will,  however,  say  a  few  words  on  this  subject,  with  special  reference 
to  these  East-Missouri  deposits. 

It  seems  to  me,  in  the  first  place,  that  these  deposits  of  specular 
ore,  being  all  of  a  very  similar  mineralogical  character,  being  all 
associated  with  the  same  kind  of  rock,  and  all  situated  within  a 
small  area  of  territory,  must  have  been  produced  by  one  and  the 
same  kind  of  geological  action,  although  the  chemical  action  may 
have  been  different  in  different  localities.  Regarding  this  geolo- 
gical action,  we  may  consider  whether  the  specular  ores  can  have 
been  brought  into  their  present  places  and  shapes  by  injection  in  a 
melted  condition,  or  by  distillation  in  a  gaseous  state,  or  by  segre- 
gation from  the  adjacent  rocks,  or  by  infiltration  of  chalybeate 
waters  and  springs  and  precipitation  from  the  same. 

1 .  The  descriptions  of  the  various  deposits  which  I  shall  give  here- 
after will  show  the  impossibility  of  supposing  that  the  ores  were 
injected  in  a  melted  condition.     There  is  no  sign  of  the  action  of 
very  high  heat  on  the  associated  rocks.     All  the  enclosures  found  in 
the  veins  and  beds  of  ore  are  of  such  a  character  that  they  would 
combine  and  smelt  in  a  very  short  time,  when  in  contact  with  such 
large  masses  of  melted  ore.     The  ore  is  found  in  very  thin  fissures, 
of  such  an  extent  that  a  force  capable  of  filling  them  with  melted 
ore  would  certainly  have  opened  the  fissures,  and  would  have  pro- 
duced thicker  Veins.     Smelted  and  chilled  ore  has  a  very  different 
appearance  from  that  existing  in  these  deposits. 

2.  A  distillation   could  rather  be  thought  possible.     But  distil- 
lations of  iron-salts  occur  only  in  volcanoes,  and  are  then  mixed 
with  other  distilled  matters,  and  never  form  large  deposits.     Here, 
on  the  contrary,  the  deposits  are  very  extensive,  the  ore  very  pure, 
and  neither  lavas  nor  any  other  volcanic  rocks  are  found  in  the  ore- 
region,  nor  does  the  configuration  of  the  ground  indicate  the  for- 
mer presence  of  any  kind  of  volcanic  action. 

3.  These  specular-ore  deposits  cannot  be  derived  from  segrega- 
tion, by  waters  penetrating  the  adjacent  porphyries,  dissolving  iron 

7 


98  IRON-ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

out  of  their  mass,  and  depositing  it  in  the  fissures  ;  for,  such  an 
action  would  have  altered  these  porphyries  uniformly  along  the 
veins  and  beds,  which  is  not  found  to  be  the  case.  Such  segrega- 
tion could,  besides,  hardly  have  produced  such  immense  deposits  as 
on  Iron  Mountain  and  Pilot  Knob,  and  would  certainly  have  caused 
a  less  uniform  structure  and  frequently  stalactitic  forms. 

4.  The  specular-ore  deposits  of  eastern  Missouri,  therefore, 
must  all  have  been  formed  by  infiltration  and  precipitation  from 
chalybeate  or  iron-bearing  waters,  similar  to  those  which  occur  still 
in  all  parts  of  the  world  in  the  form  of  chalybeate  springs,  and  are 
now  forming  ore-deposits  in  numerous  localities. 

All  rocks  of  which  the  earth  is  composed  are  more  or  less  pene- 
trable by  water  ;  all  are  more  or  less  broken  or  permeated  by  wide 
or  narrow  cracks  and  fissures  ;  nearly  all  of  them  contain  iron,  some 
in  very  small,  others  in  larger  quantities.  The  iron  can  be  dissolved 
and  extracted  from  these  rocks  by  certain  solutions  at  certain  tem- 
peratures. From  the  bottom  of  the  sea,  of  the  lakes,  of  the  riv- 
ers, from  the  surface  of  the  ground  all  over,  waters  continually  fil- 
trate into  the  rocks  below.  These  waters  all  contain  more  or  less 
carbonic  acid  and  other  substances  which  they  take  up  from  the 
atmospheric  air  and  from  the  soil.  As  they  descend  they  dissolve 
various  other  matters  under  various  circumstances,  from  the  rocks 
through  which  they  flow.  They  follow  the  easiest  and  widest  chan- 
nels. They  grow  warm,  and  sometimes  hot,  partly  by  the  natu- 
ral warmth  of  the  rocks,  partly  through  the  heat  produced  by  chem- 
ical reactions.  The  higher  temperature  and  the  higher  pressure 
increase  their  capacity  for  dissolving  mineral  matters,  with  which 
they  become  charged  as  much  as  the  existing  circumstances  allow. 
They  may  contain  chlorides,  sulphates,  silicates,  carbonates  ;  they 
may  contain  silica,  alumina,  alkalies,  lime  ;  they  may  contain  zinc, 
lead,  iron,  etc. 

When  these  solutions  have  reached  a  sufficiently  high  tempera- 
ture, and  happen  to  find  sufficiently  easy  channels,  upward,  they 
will  rise  through  such  channels,  driven  by  the  pressure  of  the  colder 
and  therefore  heavier  solutions  which  follow  them,  and  frequently 
assisted  by  the  development  of  gases  through  chemical  reactions. 
In  this  course  upward  they  will  again  follow  the  preexisting  na- 
tural channels,  wide  fissures,  small  cracks,  irregular  holes  and 
pockets.  When  they  reach  porous  or  loose  strata,  they  will  pene- 


IR  ON  MO  UN  TAIN.  99 

trate  and  impregnate  them.  When  they  come  in  contact  with 
strata  of  materials  which  they  are  apt  to  decompose  chemically  at 
the  existing  temperature,  they  will  alter,  transform,  metamorphose 
them.  When  these  materials  are  such  as  to  precipitate  oxides  of 
metals  from  the  solution,  these  oxides  will  be  precipitated  and  ore- 
deposits  will  be  formed.  The  same  effect  may  result  when  solutions 
of  different  chemical  composition  meet.  The  same  effect  must 
result  when  such  metallic  solutions  approach  the  surface,  where 
their  pressure  and  temperature,  and  therefore  their  dissolving 
capacity,  is  diminished  or  altered. 

As  the  circulation  of  waters  and  watery  solutions  just  described, 
although  locally  variable,  has  existed  during  the  whole  geological 
history  of  our  globe,  as  it  exists  still,  it  is  evident  that  the  largest 
fissures  and  cavities,  when  kept  filled  with  however  dilute  yet  con- 
tinuously renewed  metallic  solutions  for  hundreds  and  thousands  of 
years,  under  otherwise  favorable  conditions,  will  finally  become 
filled  with  deposits  of  ores. 

It  also  appears  evident  from  the  above,  that  the  same  mineral 
solutions  can,  under  different  local  conditions,  produce  very  differ- 
ent kinds  of  deposits — veins  in  one  place,  pockets  in  another,  beds 
in  a  third.  I  have  no  doubt  that  the  various  deposits  of  specular 
ore  in  porphyry,  which  I  will  now  proceed  to  describe,  were  formed 
in  this  wise. 

Iron  Mountain.— T.  35,  R.  4,  E.,  Sec.  31,  north-east  quarter, 
St.  Francois  County.  The  Iron  Mountain  is  undoubtedly  the 
largest  ore-deposit  in  Missouri. 

For  the  size  and  exterior  description  of  the  Iron  Mountain  hill, 
I  may  refer  to  page  75  of  Prof.  G.  C.  Swallow's  Second  Annual 
Report,  where  Dr.  A.  Litton  mentions  and  describes  it  in  a  very 
lucid  manner.  This  report  was  published  in  1855,  at  which  time 
the  main  part  of  the  hill  had  not  been  opened,  and  no  accurate 
knowledge<  could  then  be  had  of  its  internal  geological  structure. 
The  openings  which  have  been  made  meanwhile  enable  me  to  give 
a  more  detailed  account  of  it. 

The  accompanying  topographical  sketch,  Fig.  n,  of  the  Iron 
Mountain  and  its  surroundings,  shows  the  surface-geology,  the  dis- 
tribution of  the  porphyries,  the  extent  of  the  surface-ore,  and  the 
position  of  the  cuts  or  openings  made  by  mining  operations. 
The  surrounding  hills  are  composed  mainly  of  the  normal  brown 


IOO 


IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 
Fig.  ii. 


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THE     IRON 
<  E  r   ERENC.ES: 


MOUNTAIN 


B.  P.  .BROWN      PORHtRY 

R  .  P.  .    R  E  D 

B.C..     B  L  O   E     CONGLOMERATE 

a.  x  ..  .  . .    SURFACE.     o«t 

~~~  .      LIMITS       Or       CuTfc 


porphyry.  A  zone  of  red  porphyry,  frequently  mixed  with  ore  in 
larger  and  smaller  seams  and  specks,  runs  along  the  north  side  of 
the  Iron  Mountain,  across  the  ridge  which  connects  the  latter  with 
the  hill  north  of  it.  This  zone  of  red  porphyry  thus  separates  the 
ore-deposit  from  the  brown  porphyry  on  the  north  side.  The  red 
porphyry  in  places  becomes  paler  and  takes  a  reddish-gray  color. 
In  the  eastern  portion  of  the  zone  the  porphyry  is  half  decomposed, 
forming  a  soft,  yellow  rock,  which  in  one  place,  near  its  contact  with 
the  blue  porphyry,  is  in  distinct  layers  or  strata  from  one  to  several 
inches  thick,  and  has  sometimes  been  taken  for  a  limestone. 

The  red  porphyry  in  the  western  portion  of  the  zone  seems  to 
pass  into  the  normal  porphyry,  in  some  places  gradually,  while  in 


IRON  MOUNTAIN.  IOI 

others  it  mixes  irregularly  with  the  latter,  constituting  a  rock  of  a 
conglomeratic  appearance  and  of  a  dull-brown  or  bluish  color,  with 
irregular  flesh-red  enclosures.  This  is  the  case  in  the  place  marked 
B  C  on  the  sketch. 

The  whole  surface  of  the  Iron  Mountain  itself  is  covered  with 
surface-ore,  which  also  extends  over  the  south-western  knob,  called 
the  Little  Iron  Mountain,  and  reaches  into  the  valley  south  and  west, 
and  across  the  valley  north-west  of  the  mountain,  and  over  a  part 
of  the  slope  of  the  opposite  hill.  This  surface-ore,  which,  according 
to  the  preceding  chapter  of  this  report,  is  of  the  same  character  and 
composition  as  the  vein-ore,  occurs  in  more  or  less  rounded  bowl- 
ders and  pieces,  of  very  variable  sizes,  from  a  diameter  of  several 
feet  down  to  a  pretty  fine  sand,  all  irregularly  mixed  with  each 
other,  as  well  as  with  a  fine,  clayish  or  sandy  detritus  of  a  yellow 
or  red  color,  and  with  single  bowlders  of  half-decomposed  porphyry. 
Pieces  of  a  coarse-grained  sandstone  are  sometimes  found  with  it 
on  the  south-west  slope.  The  surface-ore  generally  lies  directly 
under  a  few  inches  of  soil,  and  varies  from  one  to  five  feet  in  thick- 
ness, which  is,  however,  considerably  exceeded  in  some  places, 
especially  on  the  south  side,  below  cuts  B  and  C,  where  it  attains 
a  thickness  of  40  feet  and  over. 

The  main  body  of  the  hill,  as  far  as  opened,  consists  of  a  loose  clay- 
ish mass,  undoubtedly  decomposed  porphyry,  known  amongst  the 
miners  under  the  name  of  "bluff."  This  "bluff"  and  its  origin 
have  been  described  above.  It  is  in  the  north-western  half  of  the 
mountain,  to  the  west  of  the  principal  ore-vein,  of  a  very  uniform 
and  purely  clayish  character,  while  on  the  south-eastern  half  it  has 
a  more  conglomeratic  character.  In  this  latter  half,  especially  in 
the  northern  part  of  it,  the  "  bluff"  contains  masses,  which,  from 
their  partly  preserved  darker  tint  and  from  the  numerous  decom- 
posed feldspar-crystals  they  contain,  must  be  considered  as  being 
altered  normal  porphyry,  while  the  north-western  bluff  seems  to  be 
exclusively  altered  red  porphyry.  A  large  mass  of  entirely  fresh 
and  unaltered,  thickly  stratified,  red  porphyry  has  been  struck  by 
the  lower  cut  C,  made  on  the  east  side  through  the  "  bluff."  (See 
Fig.  6.)  This  mass,  which  is  .uncovered  to  a  height  of  about  30 
feet,  contains  numerous  fine  ore-seams,  and  evidently  is  not  in  its 
original  position,,  as  the  stratification  dips  about  40°  toward  the 


1 02  IR  ON-  ORES  OF  MISSO  URL 

east.     Large  disturbed  masses  of  unaltered  brown  porphyry  have 
been  struck  in  cut  D,  on  the  north-east  side.     (See  Fig.  17.) 

The  whole  immense  clayish  mass  of  decomposed  porphyry  or 
"  bluff,"  forming  certainly  the  upper  part  if  not  the  whole  of  the 
Iron  Mountain,  is  cut  in  two  pretty  nearly  equal  halves  by  an 
enormous  vein  of  specular  ore,  from  40  to  60  feet  thick,  striking  N. 
53°  E.,  which  direction  may  be  observed  on  the  sketch  by  drawing 
a  line  through  the  cuts  A  E  D  F.  Whether  the  main  portion  of 
this  vein  is  in  a  vertical  or  somewhat  inclined  position  cannot  now 
be  ascertained.  It  seems  to  be  rather  irregular  in  thickness  and 
shape,  to  be  split  up  in  two  branches  for  a  part  of  its  length,  and  to 
enclose  large  bodies  of  broken  ore  mixed  with  porphyry.  This 
large  and  principal  vein  is  called  the  "  backbone  "  of  the  Iron 
Mountain. 

The  "  bluff"  contains,  however,  besides  the  backbone-vein,  nu- 
merous other  veins  of  various  and  very  irregular  thicknesses,  from 
less  than  one  half-inch  up  to  6,  and  in  places,  10  feet.  These  smaller 
veins  cross  the  bluff  in  various  directions,  not  subject  to  any  definite 
rule.  The  limits  between  each  of  these  veins  and  the  "bluff"  are 
very  sharp,  and  there  is  nowhere  a  gradual  transition  from  the  ore 
into  the  "  bluff." 

A  line  drawn  through  the  cuts  A  E  D  F  along  the  backbone, 
when  prolonged  in  both  directions,  will  pretty  nearly  touch  the  cut 
H  on  the  Little  Iron  Mountain  in  the  south-west,  and  the  cut  K 
on  the  hill  across  the  valley  in  the  north-east.  As  both  these  cuts 
have  struck  large  bodies  of  ore,  it  seems  probable  that  the  principal 
vein  extends  over  the  whole  distance  from  H  across  the  hill  to  K, 
which  is  not  much  less  than  a  mile. 

The  Iron  Mountain  ores  have  been  described  in  the  preceding 
chapter  of  my  report. 

To  make  the  mode  of  occurrence  of  the  specular  ore  in  the  Iron 
Mountain  more  plain,  I  will  illustrate  the  above  general  description 
by  a  few  sections  taken  in  the  different  mining-cuts,  adding  expla- 
nations as  far  as  required  or  desirable.  The  position  of  these  cuts, 
as  well  as  their  elevation  above  the  zero-line  of  the  topographical 
survey,  are  given  on  the  sketch,  Fig.  n. 

The  cut  H,  near  the  blast-furnaces  on  the  Little  Iron  Mountain,  is 
not  worked  now  ;  but  much  ore  has  been  taken  out  of  it  and  more 
seems  to  be  left,  especially  in  depth.  This  place  is,  however,  at 


IRON  MOUNTAIN. 


103 


least  near  the  surface,  greatly  disturbed,  and  the  formation  is  to  a 
great  extent  composed  of  displaced  materials.  The  following  two 
sketches  present  some  interesting  features  :  — 


4RON  MOUNTAIN 


Fig-  13- 


IKON    MOUNTAIN 


We  see  in  Fig.  12  four  irregular  masses  of  decomposed  porphyry, 
(D  P)  surrounded  by  formerly  massive,  but  now  broken,  specular 


104  IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

ore.  Such  enclosed  masses  of  rock  are,  however,  rarely  entirely 
surrounded  on  all  sides  by  ore,  although  it  looks  so  in  the  present 
section.  In  digging  or  blasting,  perhaps  only  a  few  feet  further,  an 
entirely  different  section  would  present  itself,  and  the  apparently 
floating  masses  would  be  found  to  be  in  connection  with,  or  sup- 
ported by,  other  masses  of  the  same  nature.  From  the  parallelism 
of  the  contour-lines  of  the  three  enclosed  pieces,  situated  on  the  left 
side  in  the  sketch,  it  must  be  supposed  that  they  formed  originally 
one  mass,  but  were  broken  up  and  the  interstices  filled  with  ore. 
The  breaking  may  have  begun  by  the  formation  of  thin  cracks, 
produced  by  the  contraction  of  the  porphyric  mass  during  its  drying 
or  cooling,  or  both.  These  thin  cracks  may  have  been  widened, 
afterward,  gradually  by  the  crystallization  of  the  ore.  The  jointed 
structure  of  the  ore  is  very  instructive.  The  arrangement  of  the 
joints  shows  that  the  ore  has  been  formed  round  the  preexisting 
porphyry,  and  that  the  latter  has  offered  a  strong  resistance  to  the 
contraction  of  the  former,  and  consequently  that  the  porphyry  was 
still  hard  and  fresh  when  the  ore  contracted,  and  that  its  decompo- 
sition took  place  afterward.  Wherever  there  was  an  equal  resist- 
ance on  both  sides,  the  ore  separated  in  nearly  parallel  plates.  In 
the  lower  part,  where  no  resistance  existed,  the  ore  contracted  and 
separated  into  blocks  of  irregular  shape  but  nearly  equal  size. 

Fig.  13  represents  an  undoubtedly  disturbed  formation.  That 
portion  of  it  which  is  to  the  right  of  the  thin  clay-seam  (Cl)  may 
have  been  formed  as  it  is.  We  see  here  an  upright,  ramified  ore- 
vein,  having  on  the  right  side  solid  porphyry,  on  the  left  side,  be- 
tween the  vein  and  the  clay-seam,  decomposed  porphyry.  The 
mass  to  the  left  of  this  clay-seam,  between  it  and  another  thicker 
clay-seam,  to  be  seen  on  the  utmost  left  of  the  sketch,  was  evi- 
dently not  formed  in  its  present  position,  but  must  have  slid  into 
this  position  long  after  its  formation.  At  the  time  when  the  thick 
mass  of  ore  enclosed  in  this  part  was  formed,  the  stratification  in 
the  porphyry  was  undoubtedly  horizontal,  while  it  is  now  vertical. 
When  afterward  brought  in  its  present  position,  and  when,  owing 
to  the  gradual  decomposition  and  consequent  contraction  and  soft- 
ening of  the  porphyry  below,  the  ore  lost  its  support,  it  broke  off 
in  plates  corresponding  to  the  porphyry-strata.  It  is  not  unlikely 
that  its  natural  jointed  structure  has  predisposed  it  to  that  effect. 

Fig.  14  represents  a  cross-section  through  the  backbone-vein  in 


JR ON  MOUNTAIN. 
Fig.  14. 


** 


105 


S.E 


&     ECTION      OF     CUT.    A 


cut  A,  the  working-level  of  which  is  about  60  feet  below  the  summit 
of  the  Iron  Mountain.  The  vein  is  here  divided  in  two  branches, 
from  12  to  1 8  feet  thick  each.  These  branches  join  above,  enclosing 
a  mass  of  broken  ore  and  porphyry,  mixed  with  quartz  and  apatite. 
This  mass  seems  to  be  the  product  of  destruction  of  numerous 
smaller  ore-veins  in  porphyry,  formerly  existing  in  this  same 
place  or  close  by.  The  porphyry  may  have  been  broken  up  by  the 
crystallization  of  the  ore  in  its  seams,  and  the  ore  by  contraction 
and  by  the  decomposition  of  the  porphyry.  All  the  pieces  of  ore 
have  sharp  edges  and  corners.  All  the  porphyry  is  more  or  less 
decomposed. 

P  is  slightly  decomposed,  but  yet  pretty  hand,  porphyry,  passing 
into  the  loose,  clayish  "  bluff"  above  it.  The  "  bluff  "  on  the  south- 
east side  of  the  vein  is  all  a  loose,  soft  clay  of  a  yellow  color.  The 
surface  of  the  big  vein  is  wavy  and  very  smooth.  The  small  ore- 
veins  which  cross  the  "bluff"  in  all  directions  vary  from  one-fourth 
to  3  inches  in  thickness,  a  few  near  P  are  up  to  12  inches  thick.  The 
"  bluff"  does  not  contain  any  ore  outside  of  these  veins. 

Fig.  15  gives  a  section  of  a  characteristic  part  of  cut  B.  This 
section  shows  in  what  a  varied  and  often  peculiar  manner  the 
smaller  ore-veins  cross  the  mass  of  the  "  bluff,"  enclosing  larger  and 
smaller  pieces  and  blocks  of  decomposed  porphyry,  frequently 
changed  into  soft  clay.  Most  of  these  veins  strike  about  east- 
west  in  this  place.  The  ore  has  the  same  mineralogical  character 
as  that  of  the  backbone-vein.  It  contains  perhaps  a  little  more 


s. 


106 


I  RON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 
Fig-  15- 


VIE.W     OF     CUT-B- 


quartz  and  more  apatite,  or  crystalloid  holes  formerly  filled  by 
apatite.  These  holes  are  generally  sitting  on  the  walls  of  the 
veins.  The  ore  resembles  the  surface-ore  closely.  The  smaller 
the  veins  are,  the  more  impurities  they  contain  in  proportion  to 
the  quantity  of  ore.  The  "bluff"  is  here  very  plainly  a  decom- 
posed porphyry,  sometimes  imperfectly  decomposed,  in  which  case 
it  is  composed  of  a  bluish-gray  or  bluish-brown  matrix,  enclosing 
white,  decomposed  feldspar-crystals.  It  seems  from  this  appearance 
that  a  large  part  if  not  the  whole  of  the  "bluff"  in  this  cut  is 
derived  from  the  normal  porphyry. 

Fig.  1 6  represents  a  section  through  both  the  cuts  C  C,  which 
lie  about  in  one  vertical  plane,  on  the  south-western  slope  of  the 
Iron  Mountain.  The  upper  cut  is  about  60  feet,  the  lower  one  120 
feet,  below  the  summit.  The  upper  cut  shows  another  character- 
istic section  of  veins  running  through  the  "  bluff."  What  is  marked 
as  "detritus"  is  composed  of  blocks  and  pieces  of  colored  clays 

Fig.  1 6. 


IRON  MOUNTAIN.  1 07 

(decomposed  porphyries),  mixed  with  ore  in  pieces,  the  latter  also 
somewhat  softened  by  partial  decomposition.  Irregular  holes  and 
cracks  in  this  mass  are  filled  with  yellow  and  red  loam.  This  must 
be  a  part  of  a  hole  or  crack  which  was  opened  after  the  complete 
solidification  of  both  the  porphyry  and  the  ore,  and  was  filled  with 
broken  porphyry  and  ore  before  the  decomposition  of  the  former. 
The  section  of  the  lower  cut  likewise  presents  some  very  peculiar 
features,  indicating  disturbances  on  a  larger  scale.  An  immense 
block,  at  least  35  feet  in  thickness,  of  thickly-stratified,  red  por- 
phyry, lies  here  in  the  "  bluff"  in  an  inclined  position,  abruptly 
cutting  off  the  ore-veins.  This  flesh-red  porphyry  is  hard,  and 
entirely  fresh  in  its  fracture  and  color,  and  encloses  numerous  ore- 
seams,  one-quarter  to  3  inches  thick.  This  block  was  evidently 
exposed  to  the  influence  of  the  solution  that  deposited  the  ore,  but 
not  exposed  to  those  influences  which  produced  the  decompo- 
sition of  the  rest  of  the  porphyry.  To  explain  this  satisfactorily, 
we  must  suppose  that  this  decomposition-  was  not  effected  by  at- 
mospheric influence  exclusively,  but  that  it  was  effected  partly, 
or  at  least  prepared  and  begun,  by  acid  solutions,  and  that  this  block 
would  have  occupied  an  isolated  or  elevated  position,  while  this, 
perhaps,  preparatory  action  took  place,  and  that  it  could  not  then 
be  reached  by  the  solutions.  Afterward  this  block  may  have 
fallen  over  on  the  slope  of  the  hill,  sunk  into  the  "  bluff"  gradually, 
cutting  off  the  ore-veins,  and  may  finally  have  been  covered  by  a 
layer  of  bluff-clay  washed  down  from  the  hill.  The  somewhat 
irregular  character  of  the  "bluff"  overlying  it  seems  to  support 
this  theory  ;  otherwise  the  strange  position  of  this  block  could 
only  be  explained  by  assuming  that  it  was  raised  from  below  after 
the  decomposition  of  the  overlying  porphyry. 

However  this  may  be,  the  presence  of  this  intact,  red  porphyry 
with  ore-seams,  proves  that  the  geological  action  by  which  the 
veins  were  filled  was  not  the  same  as  that  which  decomposed  the 
porphyry,  but  that  the  latter  took  place  much  later  than  the  former. 
For  it  might  be  supposed  that  the  decomposition  of  the  porphyry 
and  the  deposition  of  the  ore  had  been  effected,  if  not  by  the  same 
solution,  at  least  by  a  simultaneous  chemical  action.  Another  fact, 
however,  besides  the  above,  speaks  against  these  suppositions.  We 
find  on  Iron  Mountain  no  instance  of  a  total  or  partial  replacement 
of  porphyry  by  iron-ore,  which  replacement  would  have  been  the 


IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

unavoidable  consequence  of  such  a  simultaneous  chemical  action, 
as  I  propose  to  show  in  my  description  of  the  Pilot  Knob  deposit. 


s  w 


N.E 


.VIEW    or    CUT'D" 

In  Fig.  17,  which  represents  a  section  of  cut  D  on  the  north- 
east slope  of  Iron  Mountain,  we  find  the  brown  or  normal  porphyry 
in  a  disturbed  position,  similar  to  that  of  the  red  porphyry  in  Fig. 
16.  We  also  see  a  cross-section  of  the  north-east  part  of  the  back- 
bone-vein, which  is  here -in  one  solid  mass,  about  30  feet  thick,  and 
inclined  toward  the  north  under  an  angle  of  about  50  degrees. 

P  is  a  part  of  an  immense  solid  mass  of  hard  and  intact  normal  por- 
phyry, underlying  the  backbone-vein  and  being  in  close  contact  with 
it.  This  porphyry  frequently  contains  specks  and  thin  seams  of  green 
chlorite  (?).  Thin  seams  of  ore  also  occur,  though  very  rarely. 
The  porphyry  overlying  the  vein,  in  three  flat  pieces  of  a  rather  vari- 
able thickness  from  3  to  10  feet,  is  very  nearly  of  the  same  descrip- 
tion. These  three  flats  of  porphyry,  however,  are  not  in  close 
contact  either  with  the  backbone-vein,  or  with  each  other,  or  with 
the  flat  mass  of  ore  that  overlies  them.  All  these  masses  lie  loose 
over  each  other,  being  in  contact  at  certain  points  only,  while 
separated  by  clay-seams  or  empty  spaces  at  other  points.  The 
"  bluff"  contains  here  no  continuous  ore-veins,  but  only  single 
pieces  of  ore  in  such  positions  and  so  distributed  as  indicated  in  the 
above  illustration. 

This  locality,  as  well  as  the  whole  north-eastern  portion  of  the 
Iron  Mountain,  has  evidently  been  subjected  to  great  disturbances 
long  after  the  formation  of  the  ore  and  after  the  decomposition  of 
the  porphyry.  The  fact  that  the  backbone-vein  has  not,  so  far,  been 
struck  by  the  cut  F,  which  is  situated  on  the  line  of  its  strike,  and 
the  presence  of  the  above-mentioned  conglomerates  a  little  farther 
east,  support  this  view,  besides  the  appearance  of  cut  D. 


PILOT  KNOB.  109 

In  the  neighborhood  of  cut  K,  on  the  hill  north-east  of  Iron 
Mountain,  we  find  both  the  red  and  the  normal  porphyries.  Ac- 
cording to  Dr.  Litton's  description  (see  Second  Geol.  Report,  1855) 
of  a  well  bored  near  the  furnaces,  porphyries  and  large  masses  of 
ore  exist  there  to  a  depth  of  more  than  1 50  feet,  overlaid  by  some 
magnesian  limestone  and  sandstone.  This  shows  that  the  por- 
phyries are  pre-Silurian,  which  fact  is  verified  by  numerous  observa- 
tions made  in  other  localities. 

When  we  look  over  all  that  has  been  said  about  the  Iron 
Mountain,  the  geological  history  of  this  deposit  naturally  presents 
itself  as  follows  : — 

The  whole  Iron  Mountain  was  composed  originally  of  porphyries, 
which  also  filled  the  valley  east  and  south  of  it. 

A  great  portion  of  these  porphyries,  especially  on  the  north-west 
side,  were  of  the  red,  the  others  of  the  brown  or  normal  variety. 
These  porphyries,  either  from  the  effects  of  contraction  or  from 
other  causes,  contained  numerous  large  and  small  fissures.  These 
fissures  were  kept  filled  with  constantly  renewed  chalybeate 
waters  for  a  very  long  period,  during  which  these  waters,  through 
various  chemical  and  physical  influences,  deposited  the  oxides  of 
iron,  which  they  contained  in  solution.  The  oxides  of  iron  thus 
deposited  were  undoubtedly  at  first  loose  and  soft,  and  mixed  with 
water,  but  became  denser  and  harder  and  less  watery  as  their  mass 
increased. 

As  the  fissures  were  gradually  filled,  the  access  of  the  solutions 
became  more  difficult  and  more  scarce,  and  was  finally  stopped. 
Then  the  ore  dried  in  the  veins,  undergoing  thereby  a  small  con- 
traction, which  cracked  and  broke  most  of  the  veins  without  dis- 
placing their  disconnected  parts.  After  this  had  been  done,  the  por- 
phyry was  acted  on  by  atmospheric  or  other  waters,  probably  con- 
taining carbonic  acid,  which  decomposed  the  porphyry,  removing 
the  alkalies,  and  leaving  a  silicious  clay.  By  this  process  these 
porphyric  masses  became  so  soft  that  rain  and  flood  waters  washed 
them  off  readily,  the  consequence  of  which  was  that,  simultaneous 
with  the  erosion  of  the  valleys,  the  cracked  and  disjointed  ore-veins 
lost  their  support,  and  fell  to  the  ground  in  single  bowlders  and 
pieces,  thus  forming  the  beds  of  surface-ore  which  now  cover  the 
slopes  of  the  hill,  and  which  fill  a  part  of  the  now-eroded  valleys. 

Pilot  Knob.— T.  34,  R.  4,  E.,  Sec.  29,  Iron  County.— For  the 


IIO 


IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 


dimensions  and  the  external  appearance  of  Pilot  Knob,  I  refer  to 
Dr.  A.  Litton's  description,  given  on  page  79  of  the  "  Second  An- 
nual Report  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  Missoui:." 

I  give  hereby,  in  Fig.  18,  a  topographical  plan,  showing  the  sur- 
face-geology of  the  Pilot  Knob  :  — 


SURFACE       GEOLOGY 


Although  the  surface-geology  does  not  always  give  perfectly  reli- 
able indications  regarding  the  interior  geological  structure  of  a 
mountain,  it  generally  allows  us  to  draw  certain  valuable  conclu- 
sions. The  ore  on  Pilot  Knob  is  not  in  veins,  but  forms  a  regular 


PILOT  KNOB.  Ill 

bed  in  the  porphyry.  The  top  of  the  Pilot  Knob,  according  to  our 
sketch,  is  composed  of"  blue  conglomerates."  These  consist  of  a 
dark,  bluish-gray,  porphyric  matrix,  enclosing  large  and  small,  but 
mostly  sharp-edged,  pieces  of  a  light-gray,  or  reddish-gray  to  red- 
dish-brown, porphyry.  No  distinct  feldspar-crystals  are  visible  in  it. 
But  the  blue  matrix  contains  numerous  small,  almost  microscopic, 
crystals  of  iron-ore,  more  or  less  equally  distributed  through  its 
mass.  These  conglomerates  are  all  strongly  magnetic  with  polarity. 
They  have  frequently  a  distinct  though  wavy  stratification. 

They  form  large  groups  of  rocks  on  the  summit,  and  compose 
the  upper  part  of  the  mountain  itself,  directly  overlying  the  ore-bed, 
into  which  they  pass  by  degrees,  becoming  more  and  more  im- 
pregnated with  ore  and  mixing  with  ore  irregularly  above  the  bed. 

They  also  lose  their  conglomeratic  character  in  this  direction,  and 
a  few  feet  above  the  ore-bed  constitute  a  uniform  bluish-gray  por- 
phyry, strongly  impregnated  with  ore,  and  containing  thin  layers 
of  a  fine  conglomerate. 

Their  maximum  thickness,  measured  to  the  top  of  the  rocks,  may 
be  estimated  at  an  average  of  about  100  feet ;  that  of  the  ore-bed 
at  about  40  feet.  Immediately  below  the  ore-bed  we  find  the  same 
uniform  bluish-gray  porphyry,  which  directly  overlies  it,  also  mixed 
with  small  ore-crystals,  although  in  a  less  number.  These  "  blue 
porphyries  "  are  likewise  found  on  the  surface  for  some  distance  down 
the  slope  of  the  hill,  as  is  indicated  on  the  above  sketch.  All  of 
them  contain  a  little  ore  in  very  minute,  isolated  crystals,  not  often 
visible  to  the  naked  eye. 

A  B  and  C  represent  mining  excavations  or  cuts  made  in  the  ore- 
bed  itself,  but  cutting  also  through  the  porphyry  and  conglomerate 
above  it. 

Lower  down  on  the  slopes  of  the  hill,  especially  on  the  northern 
and  eastern  sides,  we  find  the  red  porphyries  cropping  out  in 
masses  of  such  a  size  and  position  as  to  leave  very  little  doubt  that 
a  large  portion  if  not  the  whole  of  the  middle  and  lower  parts  of 
the  hill  must  be  composed  of  them.  They  are  mostly  hard  and  un- 
altered, and  correspond  in  their  appearance  to  the  general  descrip- 
tion given  above,  containing  but  rarely  admixtures  of  feldspar- 
crystals  or  of  quartz. 

Such  is  the  distribution  of  the  rocks  on  Pilot  Knob.  We  notice, 
however,  two  streaks  of  "blue  conglomerates  with  ore,"  running 


112  IR  ON-  ORES  OF  MISSO  URL 

down  the  hill,  one  on  the  north-east  and  one  on  the  west  side. 
These  conglomerates,  with  specks  and  impregnations  of  crystalline 
ore,  are  similar  to  those  found  on  the  summit.  They  are  all  broken 
up,  in  pieces  and  bowlders,  partly  decomposed,  and  are  evidently 
washed  down  from  above.  This  seems  to  have  taken  place  on  quite  a 
large  scale  on  the  west  and  south-west  sides,  where  these  broken  and 
either  partly  or  entirely  decomposed  masses  are  spread  in  consider- 
able thickness  over  a  large  area,  and  reach  down  to  the  foot  of  the 
hill.  The  ascent  of  the  Pilot  Knob  is  much  less  steep  there  than  on 
the  northern  and  eastern  slopes.  These  loose  masses  are  to  a  great 
extent  altered  into  white  or  yellow  clay.  Several  shafts  have  been 
sunk  into  them  to  a  depth  of  near  70  feet  without  reaching  the  solid 
rock.  We  find  another,  though  smaller  accumulation  of  broken 
and  decomposed  materials  along  the  foot  of  the  hill  on  the  north 
side.  There  we  find  also  feldspathic  rock,  feldspar  mixed  with 
quartz,  quartz  without  admixture,  and  pieces  of  stratified  porphyry. 
In  a  few  places  at  the  foot  of  (the  north-eastern  and  north-west- 
ern slopes  we  find  deposits  of  magnesian  limestone,  apparently  over- 
lying the  porphyry. 

Fig.  19. 


P     I     LOT.  KNOB 

AS         StEN        FROM        TMt        W    O    w    T     Is 
WITH      SURFACE        C.B.OCOGV 


Fig.  19,  giving  a  side-elevation  of  the  Pilot  Knob,  from  the  north 
side,  with  the  surface-geology,  will  convey  a  clearer  idea  of  the  dis- 
tribution of  rocks  over  the  hill,  as  described.  It  shows  the  red 
porphyries  spreading  over  the  lower  two-thirds  of  the  hill,  but  part- 
ly covered  by  decomposed  materials  and  by  loose,  broken  porphy- 
ries and  conglomerates.  Higher  up  it  shows  the  region  of  the  blue 
porphyries,  with  the  mining-cuts  A  B  and  C,  which  indicate  the 
position  of  the  ore-bed.  It  finally  shows  the  conglomerates  on  the 
summit. 

It  must  be  remarked  that  this  sketch  does  not  represent  a  sec- 


PILOT  KNOB.  113 

tion,  but  a  view  of  the  hill.  It  is,  however,  probable  that  it 
would  represent  a  pretty  correct  section  through  the  Pilot  Knob 
from  east  to  west,  if  we  would  mark  the  whole  mass  below  the 
"region  of  blue  porphyry "  as  "-red  porphyry,"  leaving  off  the 
mention  of  the  various  detrital  materials,  which  probably  only  cover 
the  surface  to  a  certain  depth. 

The  ore-bed,  and  the  stratified  conglomerates  above  it,  dip 
toward  the  south-west  from  13  to  22  degrees,  according  to  Pro- 
fessor Pumpelly,  who  ajso  found  the  strike  to  be  S.  5°°  E. 

I  will  add  here  some  sections  through  the  ore-bed,  as  they  ap- 
pear in  the  three  mining-cuts  A  B  and  C  on  Pilot  Knob,  to  illus- 
trate more  fully  the  mode  of  occurrence  of  the  ore  in  this  deposit. 
The  ore  itself  has  been  described  in  section  B  of  this  report. 


Fig.  20. 


N.E.. 


CUT   "C 
PILOT.  KNOB 

Fig.  20  is  a  cross-section  through  the  highest  and  most  eastern 
cut  C  made  in  the  upper  outcrop  of  the  ore-bed.  This  section 
shows  the  following  consecutive  strata  : — 

I.  Broken-up  porphyric  mass,  without  stratification,  containing 
numerous  irregular  fissures.  Its  color  is  bluish  gray.  It  encloses 
flakes  of  green  serpentine,  and  small  masses  of  white  clay  and  of 
half-decomposed  red  porphyry.  The  thickness,  as  far  as  uncov- 
ered, is  15  feet. 
8 


114 


IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 


2.  Seam  of  hard,  blue  porphyry.     3  inches  thick. 

3.  Compact  porphyric   mass,  partly  bluish  gray,  partly  reddish 
brown,  containing  some  serpentine  in  fissures.     10  feet.     Between 

3  a,nd  4  is  a  large   empty  fissure,  parallel  to  the  strata,  evidently 
produced  by  a  sliding  motion  of  layer  4  over  layer  3. 

4.  Bluish-gray  porphyry,  distinctly  stratified.     Strata  parallel  to 
those  of  the  ore.     8  feet. 

5.  Dark-blue,  nearly  black  porphyry,  mixed  with  ore  irregularly. 

4  feet. 

6.  Good-looking  though  silicious  specular  ore.      16  feet. 

7.  Is  composed  of  three  parts,  namely,  a  i-foot  stratum  of  hard, 
red  porphyry  without  ore,  a  1-2  feet  stratum  of  ore,  interstratified 
with  red  porphyry  in  very  thin  layers,  and  a  i-inch  seam   of  light- 
gray  clay-slate. 

8.  Stratified  ore,  good  strata  alternating  with  others  which  are 
intimately  mixed  with  fine  quartz.     22  feet. 

Fig.  21. 


Fig.  21  represents  the  main  cut  B,  which  is  about  420  feet  above 
the  valley  west  of  the  knob,  and  160  feet  below  the  highest  point. 
This  figure  shows  the  foot-wall,  consisting  of  a  slightly  ferriferous, 
blue  porphyry  ;  the  main  ore-bed  (H  H)  nearly  40  feet  thick,  con- 
sisting of  somewhat  silicious  specular  ore,  stratified  more  or  less  dis- 
tinctly; a  seam  of  light-gray  clay-slate,  varying  from  6  to  18  inches 
in  thickness,  and  containing  no  particles  of  ore  whatever ;  another 
irregular  layer  of  ore  (H  H)  above  the  seam,  mixing  gradually 
with  and  passing  into  the  blue  conglomerate  (B  C). 


PILOT  KNOB.  115 

The  ore  in  the  central  part  of  the  cut  below  the  slate-seam  is  con- 
siderably softer  than  that  either  east  or  west  of  it.  Analyses  of 
these  various  ores  have  been  given  in  section  B. 

If  the  slate-seam  in  cut  B,  Fig.  n,  is  the  same  as  that  in  cut  C, 
Fig.  10,  as  it  appears  to  be,  the  thickness  of  the  ore  below  the  seam 
diminishes  considerably  toward  the  south-east,  while  the  thickness 
of  the  ore  above  the  seam  increases  in  the  same  proportion,  leaving 
the  total  thickness  of  the  ore  the  same.  The  absence  of  ore  in  the 
slate-seam  makes  it  probable  that  this  seam  is  of  later  origin  than 
the  ore,  being,  perhaps,  produced  by  a  slide  of  the  upper  part  of 
the  bed  over  the  lower  part,  whereby,  through  the  irregularities  of 
the  surfaces,  an  empty  fissure  was  left  in  places,  similar  to  the  empty 
fissure  between  layers  3  and  4  in  Fig.  10,  and  was  gradually  filled 
up  with  a  fine  clay  washed  into  it  by  surface-waters. 

Fig.   22. 


CUT     'A' 
PILOT. KNOB 

Fig.  22  is  a  section  exposed  by  the  mining-cut  A,  made  on  the 
lowest  and  western  outcrop  of  the  ore-bed,  as  may  be  seen  on  Figs. 
8  and  9.  We  have  here  a  disturbed  locality  before  us.  A  portion 
of  the  ore-bed  may  have  been  underwashed  here,  broken  off",  and 
fallen  down  on  the  slope  of  the  hill,  the  debris  being  then  either 
carried  away  by  floods  or  buried  under  the  porphyric  detritus. 
We  see,  therefore,  in  this  cut  an  abrupt  end  of  the  ore-bed  below 
the  slate-seam.  Above  the  ore  and  the  seam,  and  close  to  the  ore 
below  the  seam,  is  a  nearly  vertical  streak  of  broken  porphyric 
masses  with  some  ore,  permeated  nearly  vertically  by  numerous 
fissures  mostly  filled  with  red,  yellow,  and  white  clay  or  loam, 
washed  into  them  from  above.  The  porphyric  parts  are  to  a  great 
extent  converted  into  green  steatite.  Many  pieces  are  thus  altered 


1 1 6  IR  ON-  ORES  OF  MISSO  URL 

on  the  outside,  while  the  inside  is  yet  tolerably  fresh  porphyry. 
The  broken  ore  is  poor  and  silicious,  similar  to  the  less  pure  ore 
above  the  slate-seam  in  cut  B.  This  whole  irregular  and  mixed 
mass  was  evidently  produced  by  a  fall,  and  subjected,  during  a 
long  period,  to  the  influence  of  surface-waters.  Adjoining  it, 
below  the  seam,  we  find  a  breccia  of  ore,  imbedded  in  more  or  less 
fine  porphyric  detritus,  above  the  seam  a  mass  of  blue,  ferriferous 
porphyry  (B  P),  which  is  solid  where  the  slate-seam  is  in  its  natural 
position,  but  broken  up  into  a  blue  conglomerate  (B  C)  where  the 
slate-seam  makes  a  sudden  turn  downward,  indicating  another 
break- down,  produced  by  an  underwashing  of  the  stratum  of  blue 
porphyry. 

The  cut  A,  according  to  this  description,  presents  two  disturb- 
ances or  falls,  which  have  occurred  at  different  times.  The  one 
affected  the  ore-bed  and  all  the  overlying  strata ;  the  second,  of 
smaller  extent,  broke  up  a  thick  layer  of  porphyry  only.  The  slate- 
seam  runs  across  the  first  fall  undisturbed,  and  must,  therefore, 
have  come  into  existence  some  time  after  the  occurrence  of  the 
fall.  As  the  latter  produced  ore-breccia,  it  must  have  occurred  after 
the  formation  of  the  ore,  from  which  it  follows  that  the  slate-seam 
is  much  younger  than  the  ore-bed.  The  softness  of  the  clay-slate 
that  fills  the  seam  corroborates  this  statement.  The  second  fall  in 
cut  A  breaks  the  slate-seam,  and  must  therefore  have  taken  place 
after  the  formation  of  the  latter,  and  a  long  time  after  the  occur- 
rence of  the  first  fall,  and  after  the  formation  of  the  ore-bed. 

As  to  the  extent  of  the  Pilot  Knob  deposit,  we  find,  by  throwing  a 
look  on  the  map,  Fig.  8,  that  as  far  as  opened  at  present,  by  the 
three  cuts,  A,  B,  and  C,  it  seems  to  cover  a  triangular  area, 
measuring  1,000  feet  along  the  base,  from  east  to  west,  and  600  feet 
in  the  height  of  the  triangle.  But  the  fact  that  the  ore-bed  dips  in 
the  south-western  direction,  at  nearly  the  same  angle  as  the  surface 
of  the  ground,  leaves  the  possibility  of  its  extension  over  a  consid- 
erable distance  in  that  direction. 

In  regard  to  the  geological  and  chemical  action  which  may  have 
created  the  ore-deposit  on  Pilot  Knob,  we  must  recall  the  in- 
troductory remarks  on  the  formation  of  the  specular-ore  deposits  of 
this  region  in  general.  Referring  to  this  deposit  specially,  I  fully 
agree  with  Professor  Pumpelly,  who,  by  more  detailed  and  more 
thorough  investigations,  has  come  exactly  to  the  same  conclusion, 


PILOT  KNOB. 

namely,  that  it  has  been  formed  by  a  gradual  replacement  of  stra- 
tified porphyry  by  ore,  effected  by  solutions  similar  to  those  which 
deposited  the  ore  in  the  Iron  Mountain  and  in  the  other  places. 

The  stratification  of  the  ore-bed,  and  of  the  impregnated  and 
half-metamorphosed  porphyries  overlying  it,  is  very  plain  and 
regular. 

Stratified  porphyries  are  found  at  the  foot  of  the  north-eastern 
slope  of  the  knob,  and  very  extensively  in  a  large  district  east  of  it  ; 
but  C,  Fig.  20,  shows  a  layer  of  red  porphyry  interstratified  with 
ore. 

The  general  appearance  of  the  ore-bed,  especially  as  shown  in 
cut  B,  Fig.  21,  as  well  as  the  appearance  of  numerous  single  speci- 
mens, and  the  partly  impure  and  silicious  character  of  the  ore,  nat- 
urally suggest  the  idea  of  an  impregnation  and  gradual  replacement 
of  porphyry  by  ore,  besides  other  circumstances  mentioned  in  my 
introductory  remarks. 

Furthermore,  such  a  replacement  is  not  only  possible,  but  it  must 
be  expected,  at  least  partially,  under  certain  circumstances. 

When  a  solution  of  sulphate  or  chloride  of  iron,  containing 
also  carbonic  acid,  remains  during  a  long  time  in  contact  with 
porphyry,  the  carbonic  acid  will  decompose  the  porphyry,  com- 
bining with  its  alkalies  and  dissolving  them.  The  alkaline  car- 
bonates will  almost  simultaneously  precipitate  oxides  of  iron  from 
the  solution,  and  these  oxides  will  fill  the  pores  produced  in  the 
porphyry  by  the  removal  of  the  alkali.  The  silica  is  thereby  set 
free,  and  will  perhaps  also  to  a  small  extent  be  dissolved,  but  the 
greater  part  of  it  will  remain  mixed  with  the  ore,  and  make  the 
latter  silicious.  The  removal  of  the  silicate  of  alumina  contained  in 
the  porphyry  is  more  difficult  to  explain.  It  has  been  shown, 
however,  by  Bischof,  in  his  Lehrb.  d.  chem.  und  phys.  Geol.,  ed. 
1863,  vol.  i.  p.  86,  that  silicates  of  alumina  can  be  decomposed  by 
bicarbonate  of  iron  in  solution,  and  removed  in  the  form  of  a 
soluble  bisilicate  of  alumina  and  iron. 

Considering,  in  our  present  case,  that  the  solutions  producing  the 
transformation  did  not  act  perhaps  on  silicate  of  alumina  pre- 
viously existing  as  a  free  substance,  but  that  they  may  be  supposed 
to  have  acted  on  silicate  of  alumina  which  was  undergoing  at  the 
same  time  its  separation  from  the  alkalies,  and  therefore,  quasi  in 


1 1 8  IR  ON-  ORES  OF  MISSO  URL 

statu  nascendi,  various  other  modes  of  decomposition  or  solution 
may  be  thought  of. 

This  is  not,  however,  the  place  to  discuss  such  questions.  My 
only  purpose  in  touching  them  was  to  show  the  possibility  of  a 
chemical  action,  by  which  the  formation  of  the  Pilot  Knob  deposit 
by  replacement  may  have,  and  undoubtedly  has,  taken  place. 

Another  question  regarding  the  formation  of  this  deposit,  is, 
whether  the  solutions  from  which  the  ore  was  precipitated  were 
conveyed  to  this  locality  through  fissures,  and  whether,  therefore, 
veins  of  iron-ore  will  be  likely  to  exist  below  or  in  close  proximity 
to  the  ore-bed.  It  is  very  probable  that  the  solutions  were  con- 
veyed through  either  small  or  large  fissures  ;  but  from  this  it  does 
not  follow  necessarily  that  these  fissures  must  contain  deposits  of 
ore  ;  for  the  deposition  of  ores  or  of  other  substances,  in  fissures 
or  cavities,  is  not  alone  dependent  on  the  presence  of  the  cavities 
and  of  the  solutions  which  contain  these  substances.  It  is  also 
dependent  on  various  other  circumstances,  as  temperature,  un- 
limited or  limited  access  of  air,  presence  of  other  mineral  solu- 
tions, facility  of  renewal  of  the  matters  to  be  deposed,  rapidity  of 
motion,  and  others.  It  is  therefore  not  to  be  expected,  with  any 
degree  of  certainty,  that  cavities  through  which  chalybeate  waters 
flow,  or  were  flowing,  should  contain  deposits  of  iron-ore.  Also 
a  temporary  deposition,  and  subsequent  re-dissolution  under  altered 
circumstances,  is  possible  and  frequently  met  with. 

Thus,  the  existence  of  ore-veins  below  or  close  to  the  Pilot  Knob 
bed  is  possible,  but  by  no  means  certain. 

Shepherd  Mountain,  T.  34,  R.  4,  E.,  Sec.  31,  N.  E.  i^,  Iron 
County. — This  hill  is  named  after  Professor  Forrest  Shepherd,  of 
St.  Louis,  who  made  the  first  investigations  regarding  the  valuable 
ore-deposits  it  contains. 

Dr.  A.  Litton,  Professor  at  Washington  University,  St.  Louis, 
has  given  an  excellent  description  of  the  Shepherd  Mountain,  in 
Professor  Swallow's  second  annual  report  of  the  Geological  Survey 
of  Missouri,  to  which  description  but  little  has  to  be  added,  be- 
cause the  mining  operations  which  have  been  carried  on  there 
since  that  report  was  published,  seventeen  years  ago,  have  proved 
the  correctness  of  Dr.  Litton's  views,  in  nearly  all  their  details. 
Although  Shepherd  Mountain  is  but  little  over  one  mile  distant 
from  the  Pilot  Knob,  its  ore-deposits  are  of  an  entirely  different 


SHEPHERD  MOUNTAIN. 


IIQ 


character,  being  unquestionably  veins,  which,  if  they  do  not  cut 
through  the  hill  in  its  whole  width,  certainly  extend  over  consider- 
able distances.  I  give,  in  Fig.  23,  a  small  map  showing  the  relative 
position  of  the  Pilot  Knob,  Shepherd  Mountain,  and  Cedar  Hill, 
also  indicating  the  surface-geology  of  that  district. 


Fig.  23. 


BUZZARD    MOU  N  T. 

y 


M  A  P  ~ 

SHOWING THE SURFACE 6EOL06Y 

r  w  i     VICINITY     on 
PI  LOT.K  NOB 


Shepherd  Mountain  is  principally  composed  of  normal  porphyry, 
of  a  pretty  uniform  brown  color,  and  containing  either  transparent 
or  red  and  opaque  feldspar-crystals,  evenly  distributed.  This  por- 
phyry sometimes  contains  seams  or  small  irregular  masses  of  red 


120  IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

porphyry,  which  look  as  if  produced  by  changes  caused  by  infiltra- 
tions of  some  kind.  The  brown  porphyry  is  in  places  beautifully 
banded,  but  never  stratified.  Some  of  it,  on  the  upper  part  of  the 
hill,  is  magnetic  with  distinct  polarity,  and  is  then  found  to  be  inti- 
mately mixed  with  single,  microscopic  particles  of  ore,  absolutely 
invisible  to  the  naked  eye.  The  porphyry  close  to  the  ore-veins 
is  considerably  decomposed,  quite  soft,  and  mixed  with  large 
masses  and  veins  of  red  and  white  clay.  These  clayish  masses  are 
sometimes  impregnated  with  ore,  or  permeated  by  small  veins  of 
ore,  which  veins  also  penetrate  more  or  less  into  the  solid  and  in- 
tact porphyry.  On  the  summit  of  the  hill,  south-east  of  cut  B,  we 
find  a  zone  of  red  porphyry,  about  50  feet  wide,  running  across  the 
hill  from  east  to  west,  as  indicated  in  Fig.  13. 

Three  places  have  been  opened  on  Shepherd  Mountain,  marked 
respectively  A,  B,  and  C  on.the  map. 

Cut  A  has  disclosed  a  vein  of  specular  ore,  with  some  magnetite, 
IO  to  20  feet  wide,  nearly  vertical,  striking  N.  62°  E.  (true).  This 
cut  is  about  500  feet  long. 

Cut  B  on  the  west  side  has  opened  a  length  of  about  1,000  feet  of 
a  quite  similar  vein,  striking  N.  68°  E.  (true).  This  vein,  how- 
ever, contains  very  little,  if  any,  true  magnetite,  but  is  almost  ex- 
clusively composed  of  specular  ore. 

The  southern  cut,  C,  is  hardly  opened  enough  to  see  its  charac- 
ter. It  looks  thus  far  like  a  vein  striking  pretty  nearly  in  the  same 
direction  as  the  other  two  veins,  and  containing  a  coarsely  crystal- 
line, specular  ore,  crossed  by  numerous  thin  seams  of  red  por- 
phyry. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  strike  of  these  veins  is  directed  toward 
the  Pilot  Knob. 

These  deposits  have  undoubtedly  originated  in  the  same  manner 
as  those  on  Iron  Mountain  ;  but  the  surrounding  porphyry  has 
been  very  little  altered,  while  most  of  that  on  Iron  Mountain  is  en- 
tirely decomposed. 

Smaller  Deposits  of  Specular  Ore  in  Porphyry,  Cedar  Hill,  T. 
34,  R.  4,  E.,Sec.  30,  Iron  County. — The  position  of  Cedar  Hill  can 
be  seen  on  the  map,  Fig.  13.  This  map  shows  that  the  surface-geology, 
on  the  south-eastern  slope  of  Cedar  Hill,  is  very  similar  to  that  of  Pilot 
Knob,  the  red  porphyry  at  the  foot  passing  into  bluish  and  conglomer- 
atic porphyries  toward  the  summit.  In  the  place  marked  A,  however, 


CEDAR  HILL.  121 

where  a  mine  has  been  opened  in  summer,  1872,  the  porphyry  is  red 
again.  This  red  porphyry,  however,  takes  a  bluish  color  in  the 
proximity  of  the  ore,  and  the  walls  of  the  ore-deposits  are  in  some 
places  composed  of  a  blue,  porphyric  conglomerate,  similar  to  that 
on  Pilot  Knob.  This  seems  to  indicate  that  the  blue  color,  and  per- 
haps also  the  conglomeratic  to  spherulitic  structure,  might  be  due 
to  infiltrations  of  the  same  ferriferous  solutions  which  deposited 
the  ore. 

The  Cedar  Hill  is  not  sufficiently  opened  to  allow  a  judgment 
regarding  its  ore-deposits.  In  September,  1872,  about  two  acres 
of  ground  were  freed  from  the  soil,  and  showed  two  parallel, 
vein-like  segregations,  I  to  4  feet  in  width,  and  about  100  feet 
in  length,  cropping  out  on  the  surface.  Their  strike  was  about 
60-70°  north-west.  A  shaft  10  feet  deep  was  sunk  on  one  of  them, 
but  showed  it  to  be  of  an  irregular  section,  so  as  to  leave  some  un- 
certainty regarding  its  continuation  in  depth.  These  small  segre- 
gations, surrounded  by  hard  and  solid  porphyry,  are  not  always 
workable  in  themselves,  but  they  may  be  offshoots  of  some  larger 
deposit,  to  the  discovery  of  which  they  might  lead. 

Occurrences  of  specular  ore  were  observed  in  some  other  locali- 
ties in  that  vicinity,  namely,  in  T.  34,  R.  4,  E.,  Sec.  18-19,  17~2O, 
andT.  34,  R.  4,  E.,  Sec.  19,  S.  W.i<  S.  W.%. 

One  and  one-half  miles  east  of  Pilot  Knob,  in  T.  34,  R.  4,  E., 
Sec.  28,  N.^,  coarsely  crystalline  specular  ore  is  found  in  seams 
through  a  red,  banded,  and  stratified  rock,  of  the  appearance  and 
fracture  of  jasper,  overlying  a  series  of  stratified  porphyries.  The 
succession  of  strata  which  presents  itself  there,  with  a  south-western 
dip,  is  from  south-west  to  north-east,  as  follows  : — 

Slates  of  red,  banded  porphyry. 

Stratified  quartz-porphyry. 

Slates  of  red  porphyry. 

Green  porphyry. 

Banded  jasper. 

Jasper,  with  specular  ore. 

Buford  Hill,  T.  35,  R.  3,  E.,  Sec.  26,  two  miles  west  of  Iron 
Mountain,  in  Iron  County,  is  a  pretty  high  and  steep  hill,  consist- 
ing principally  of  brown  porphyry,  occasionally  mixed  with  a 
brown,  jasper-like,  feldspathic  rock,  and  with  light-red  porphyry  in 
some  places.  These  three  kinds  of  rocks  seem  to  be  mixed  there 


122  IR  ON-  ORES  OF  MISSO  URL 

irregularly.  Some  micaceous  iron-ore,  mixed  with  quartz,  is  found 
in  a  depression  between  the  hill  itself  and  a  low  spur  on  its  north- 
eastern side.  Red  porphyry  occurs  at  a  short  distance  south  of  it. 
The  quartzeous  ore  is  spread  in  large  and  small  pieces  over  the 
ground,  and  extends  along  the  slope  of  the  hill  over  a  distance  of 
more  than  one  hundred  feet,  in  a  line  striking  north-east  to  south- 
west. A  little  lower  down  on  the  same  slope  a  streak  of  greenstone 
may  be  observed,  running  about  parallel  to  the  direction  of  the  ore. 
This  greenstone,  which  occurs  in  loose  fragments,  is  fine  grained, 
of  a  dark-green  color,  with  white  specks.  It  has  the  appearance  of 
a  diorite.  It  contains  numerous  black,  microscopic  crystals,  of  a 
metallic  lustre,  probably  peroxide  of  iron. 

The  same  kind  of  ore,  accompanied  by  the  same  kind  of  green- 
stone, is  said  to  exist  in  some  places  on  the  west  side  of  the  hill. 
Nowhere,  however,  are  plain  indications  of  the  presence  of  larger 
masses  of  ore. 

Buford  Mountain,  N.  E.  ^  Sec.  24,  T.  33,  R.  3,  E.,  Iron  County, 
contains  a  bed  of  manganiferous  specular  ore  in  decomposed  por- 
phyry, apparently  of  a  not  inconsiderable  extent. 

Big  Bogg  Mountain,  S.  E.  ^  Sec.  13,  T.  33,  R.  3,  E.,  the  Rus- 
sell No.  i  bank,  E.  ^  Sec.  3,  T.  33,  R.  3,  E.,  and  the  Shut-in 
bank,  N.  ^  Sec.  2,  T.  33,  R.  4,  E.,  all  in  Iron  County,  are  also 
deposits  of  specular  ore  in  porphyry,  and  have  been  mentioned 
and  described  by  Dr.  A.  Litton  in  the  second  geological  report. 

Lewis  Mountain,  S.  ^  Sec.  6,  T.  33,  R.  4,  E.,  Iron  County, 
one  and  one-half  miles  south-west  of  Arcadia,  is  a  small  porphy- 
ry-hill, at  the  foot  of  which  magnesian  limestone  is  deposited  in 
nearly  horizontal  strata.  The  slopes  of  the  hill  are  covered  with 
red  and  yellow  clay  and  loam,  30  to  40  feet  thick,  mixed  with  half- 
decomposed  pieces  of  porphyry.  Above  this  is  2  to  4  feet  of  soil, 
mixed  with  rounded  pieces  of  hard,  specular  ore,  some  pure,  some 
mixed  irregularly  with  brown  porphyry  in  such  a  way  as  to  indi- 
cate a  gradual  replacement  of  porphyry  by  ore.  Indeed,  in  some 
specimens  the  brown  porphyry,  containing  feldspar-crystals  and 
brown  quartz-grains,  passes  imperceptibly  into  specular  ore;  where- 
by the  feldspar- crystals  disappear,  while  the  brown  grains  of  quartz 
are  preserved,  and  lie  in  exactly  the  same  manner  in  the  ore  as  in  the 
porphyry. 

An    irregular   vein,    varying    from     I    to   5    feet   in   thickness, 


HOG  AN  MOUNTAIN 


123 


strikes  across  the  hill  about  N.  75°  W.  This  vein  contains  in 
some  places  specular  ore,  while  in  other  places,  where  the  vein  is 
thinner,  it  is  filled  with  red  loam.  This  fact  seems  to  show  that  the 
vein,  which  was  originally  of  a  more  limited  extent,  has  been 
opened  more  and  extended  by  the  crystallization  of  the  ore,  or  by 
freezing  water,  and  that  the  cracks  thereby  produced  were  after- 
ward filled  with  loam  washed  into  them  from  above.  Some  red, 
blue,  and  conglomeratic  porphyries  occur  near  the  ore,  and  also 
small  accumulations  of  micaceous  ore-crystals,  accompanied  by 
quartz. 

Cuthbertson  bank,  north-west  quarter  Sec.  19,  T.  33,  R.  4,  E., 
and  Ackhurst  bank,  south-west  quarter  Sec.  18,  T.  33,  R.  4,  E., 
are  deposits  of  manganiferous  specular  ores  and  magnetites  and  man- 
ganese-ores. 

Hogan  Mountain,   south-east  quarter  Sec.   14,  T.   33,  R.  3,E., 

Fig.  24. 


CUT    ON     HOGAN     MOUNTAIN 


124  IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

Iron  County,  contains  irregular  pockets  of  mostly  soft,  coarsely 
crystalline  or  micaceous,  specular  ore,  in  a  peculiar,  light-red,  granular 
quartz-porphyry,  which  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  ore  is  de- 
composed, and  assumes  a  blue  color  when  mixed  with  the  ore. 

Fig.  24  represents  a  section  of  such  a  pocket  as  opened  by  a  cut. 
The  massive,  red  porphyry  on  both  sides  of  the  cut  is  of  the  above 
description,  and  is  covered  by  a  dry  soil,  containing  many  pieces  of 
broken  porphyry.  On  both  sides  of  the  pocket  we  find  the  red 
porphyry  half  decomposed  to  a  thickness  of  several  feet.  We  fur- 
ther find,  in  immediate  contact  with  the  ore,  a  blue  porphyry,  mixed 
with  some  ore.  The  pocket  itself  is  filled  in  its  lower  part  with  a  blue 
porphyry  conglomerate,  strongly  impregnated  and  mixed  with  ore, 
and  in  its  upper  part  with  pure,  soft,  crystalline,  specular  ore.  This 
pocket,  getting  smaller  below,  runs  out  into  a  fissure,  which  splits 
in  several  branches,  enclosing  a  large  fragment  of  half-decomposed 
red  porphyry,  and  a  mass  (C)  of  a  gray  conglomerate,  mixed  with 
pieces  of  a  jasper-like  porphyry  and  with  quartz.  The  fissures  are 
filled  with  a  soft,  loose,  chloritic  clay,  undoubtedly  a  product  of  the 
decomposition  of  adjacent  porphyries.  R  P  is  a  dark,  reddish- 
brown,  very  hard  and  massive  porphyry. 

It  seems  probable,  from  this  section,  that  the  solution  which  has 
deposited  the  ore  has  come  from  the  side,  or  from  above,  out  of 
fissures  in  porphyries  which  have  since  been  destroyed  and  washed 
away,  and  that  the  cracks  below  the  pocket  were  opened  either  by 
the  crystallization  of  the  ore  or  by  the  freezing  of  water,  and  after- 
ward filled  with  fine  clay. 

There  are  several  small  deposits  of  a  similar  character  on  Hogan 
Mountain. 

b.    DEPOSITS   OF   SPECULAR   ORE   IN   SANDSTONE. 

The  valuable  and,  in  part,  extensive  deposits  of  specular  ore  in 
sandstone,  the  ores  of  which  have  been  described  in  Chapter  III.  of 
the  present  report,  occur  in  the  eastern  part  of  central  Missouri, 
south  of  the  Missouri  River,  especially  in  Crawford,  Phelps,  and 
Dent  Counties,  and  constitute,  together  with  the  two  following  cate- 
gories c.  and  d.  of  ore-banks,  that  iron-ore  region  in  the  State  which 
in  Chapter  II.  I  have  called  the  "  Central  Region."  It  has  been 
mentioned  there  that  many  of  these  deposits  have  undergone  great 
disturbances  in  their  position.  I  shall  describe  under  the  present 


SPECULAR  ORE  IN  SANDSTONE.  125 

head,  b.,  only  such  deposits  of  specular  ore  in  sandstone  as  are 
either  entirely  undisturbed,  or  which  have  been  broken  in  place  by 
being  underwashed,  or  by  a  contraction  of  underlying  strata  or  of 
their  own  mass,  without  subsequent  removal  of  any  great  portion 
of  their  mass.  Those  deposits  which  were  broken  and  separated 
into  two  or  several  parts,  the  single  parts  being  shifted  or  moved  to 
a  greater  or  less  distance,  I  shall  describe  under  the  two  following 
heads,  c.  and  d. 

All  these  deposits  belong  to  the  Lower  Silurian  formation,  and 
more  especially  to  those  strata  which  have  been  designated  and 
described  by  Prof.  G.  C.  Swallow,  in  the  Second  Annual  Report  of 
the  Geological  Survey  of  Missouri,  page  125,  as  ';  Second  Sand- 
stone." Wherever  I  have  been  able  to  trace  distinctly  the  geolo- 
gical position  of  these  specular-ore  banks,  I  have  found  them  to  be 
associated  with  this  second  sandstone,  which  has  its  place  above 
the  third  and  below  the  second  "  Magnesian  Limestone."  As  the 
second  sandstone  is  represented  more  or  less  extensively  in  the 
whole  central  part  of  southern  Missouri,  a  great  portion  of  which 
has  been  very  little  investigated  as  yet,  we  may  hope  that  numerous 
other  deposits  will  yet  be  discovered  in  the  State,  besides  those  to 
be  described  hereafter,  and  besides  all  those  to  be  mentioned  in  our 
ore-bank  list  in  Chapter  V. 

These  deposits  of  specular  ore  have  generally  a  lenticular  shape, 
with  either  circular  or  elliptic  outlines.  They  are  frequently  found 
in  an  inclined  position,  in  which  case  they  usually  dip  with  the 
slope  of  the  hill.  Sometimes  the  ore  is  cut  off  abruptly  at  the  out- 
skirts, by  nearly  vertical  walls,  consisting  of  nearly  vertical  layers 
of  clay,  chert,  and  sandstone.  In  this  case,  these  deposits  appear 
like  large,  round,  somewhat  lenticular  pockets  in  the  sandstone, 
clad  with  layers  of  clay  and  chert,  and  filled  with  specular  ore, 
which  is  often  more  or  less  altered  into  soft,  red  hematite.  The 
thickness  of  these  deposits  is  in  the  average  about  one-fifth  to  one- 
sixth  of  their  average  diameter.  The  ore  is  directly  surrounded 
and  underlaid  by  formerly  continuous,  but  now  broken  and  discon- 
nected, strata  of  green  or  gray  chert  or  flint,  sometimes  mixed  with 
a  fine,  silicious,  white  clay,  or  with  red  loam.  Below  these  chert- 
layers  we  find  alternating  strata  of  chert,  sandstone,  and  of  chert- 
breccia  cemented  by  sandstone,  sometimes  continuous,  but  mostly 
broken.  Below  these  are  the  regular  strata  of  the  second  sand- 


126  IR ON-  ORES  OF  MISSO  URL 

stone,  running  parallel  with  the  above,  and  forming  a  circular  or 
elliptic  depression,  in  which  the  deposit  lies.  At  the  outskirts  of 
this  depression,  where  the  sandstone  strata  suddenly  change  their 
nearly  horizontal  position,  to  curve  downward  and  to  run  beneath 
the  ore-deposit,  the  upper  strata  are  frequently  broken  off,  and  form 
an  annular  outcrop  round  the  deposit. 

All  these  various  rocks  surrounding  and  underlying  the  specular- 
ore  deposits,  have  in  some  cases  their  original  and  natural  color 
and  appearance,  while  in  other  cases  they  are  ferruginous,  or  colored 
and  impregnated  by  iron-ore,  whereby  the  sandstone  turns  brown 
or  black,  and  glittering  with  numerous  fine  ore-crystals  throughout 
its  mass,  while  the  chert  is  colored  green  or  red,  and  the  clay  or 
loam  is  transformed  into  a  reddish-brown,  sometimes  pretty  hard, 
ferruginous  clay-rock. 

In  the  Meramec  bank  we  find  regular  layers  of  clay,  chert,  and 
sandstone,  not  only  under  but  also  above  the  ore-deposit.  In 
most  other  places  the  ore  is  either  covered  with  loose  detritus,  bro- 
ken chert,  and  soil,  or  else  it  lies  bare,  in  which  latter  case  the  specu- 
lar ore  is  often  changed  into  limonite  near  the  surface. 

The  above  description  gives  us  the  following  two  series  of  suc- 
cessive layers  of  rocks  lying  above,  in,  and  under  the  specular-ore 
deposits  in  sandstone  : — 

1.  Sandy  and  Ckerty  Soil. 

(  Sandstone  with  solid  chert-layers.     Same,  impregnated  }  chert     detritus   an(j  L;. 

2.  K      with  iron-ore.     Sandstone,  loam,  and  chert,  broken  v 
•(      and  mixed.     Solid  chert.     Broken  chert  and  clay.         ) 

3.  Soft  Red  Hematite. 

4.  Hard  Specular  Ore. 

^.   White  clay  or  red  loam.  Ferruginous  clay-rock. 

6.  Clay  and  broken  chert.  Ferruginous  chert -breccia. 

...  ,     ,.,    ,  (  Sandstone,   colored  or   im- 

7.  Broken  sandstone  and  chert  with  layers  of  solid  chert,   -j      pregnated  by  iron.ore. 

8.  Second,  Lower  Silurian,  Sandstone. 

Not  all  these  strata  are  equally  and  invariably  represented  in  all 
the  deposits. 

All  the  beds  of  rock  thus  associated  with  the  ore-deposits  seem 
to  be  in  the  same  relative  position  in  which  they  have  originated, 
but  to  be  in  part  broken,  in  part  half-destroyed  and  altered. 

It  seems  that  these  specular-ore  deposits  were  originally  formed 
in  a  lenticular  shape,  and  imbedded  in  or  on  a  sandstone  containing 
layers  of  chert,  and  that  they  were  afterward  partially  or  wholly 
underwashed,  some  of  the  softer  sandstone  being  thus  removed, 


LIMESTONE  IN  HENRY  COUNTY.  127 

while  the  harder  cherty  parts  and  layers  remained.  In  consequence 
of  this  action,  a  slight  shifting  of  the  whole  mass  of  ore  may  have 
taken  place,  which  somewhat  crushed  and  mixed  some  of  the  un- 
derlying materials,  and  brought  the  deposit  in  a  more  or  less  in- 
clined position.  In  some  instances  large  caves,  which  are  so  com- 
mon in  all  limestones,  and  which  are  undoubtedly  formed  by  the 
dissolving  action  of  acid  waters,  may  have  existed  in  the  Third 
Magnesian  Limestone,  below  the  ore-deposits,  and  may  have  caused 
either  a  gradual  or  a  sudden  sinking,  without  which  the  origin  of 
the  pockets  with  almost  vertical  walls,  in  which  such  deposits  are 
sometimes  found,  cannot  easily  be  explained.  The  original  len- 
ticular masses  of  ore  may  have  been  formed  either  by  deposition 
from  chalybeate  waters  in  depressions  on  the  surface  of  the  sand- 
stone, and  afterward  covered  by  other  strata,  and  condensed  and 
altered  by  pressure  and  higher  temperature,  or  else  they  may  have 
come  into  existence  by  a  gradual  replacement  of  lenticular  limestone- 
deposits  formed  in  the  above-described  manner  in  the  sandstone. 
While  the  first  supposition  appears  as  the  more  simple  and  as  the 
more  natural  and  intelligible  one,  the  second  one  is  supported  by 
the  two  following  facts  : — 

Irregular  rounded  masses  of  a  very  dense  and  hard  orange-yel- 
low, subcrystalline  limestone,  interspersed  with  pretty  large  gray 
crystals  of  carbonate  of  iron,  are  sometimes  .met  with  in  the  midst 
of  the  ore,  and  passing  into  the  latter. 

Mr.  G.  C.  Broadhead  found,  in  the  lower  coal-measures  of  Henry 
County,  a  stratum  of  limestone  from  3  to  6  inches  thick,  which  is 
partly  converted  into  red  hematite,  containing  no  carbonic  acid. 
This  transformation  has  taken  place  from  both  the  upper  and  the 
lower  surfaces  of  the  stratum,  and  has  reached  a  thickness  of  three- 
quarters  to  one  inch,  from  either  surface,  while  the  interior  consists 
yet  of  the  unaltered  gray  limestone. 

Another  fact,  however,  which  speaks  in  a  certain  measure  against 
the  second  of  the  above  two  suppositions,  is  this,  that  lenticular 
deposits  of  limestone  have  nowhere  been  observed  in  the  Silurian 
sandstone  of  Missouri.  I  will  not  attempt  to  decide  whether  any 
such  deposits  have  existed  and  have  all  been  metamorphosed  into 
ore-deposits,  or  whether  the  supposition  is  incorrect. 

These  undisturbed  or  slightly-disturbed  deposits  may  be  recog- 
nized by  the  following  external  characteristics  : — 


128  'IR ON-  ORES  OF  MISSO URL 

1.  They  mostly  occupy  a  high  topographical  position,  lying  on 
summits  of  hills  or  of  ridges  if  undisturbed,  or  on  the  upper  part 
of  slopes  close  to  the  summits  if  somewhat  disturbed. 

2.  They  have  a  circular  or  elliptical  outline,  inside  of  which  the 
ground  is  covered  all  over  with  surface-ore  of  various  sizes,  partly 
specular,  partly  limonite,  more  or  less  rounded  and  smoothed,  es- 
pecially on  the  upper  side,  from  being  exposed  to  rain  and  storm. 
The  larger  the  size  of  these  pieces  and  bowlders  on  the  surface,  the 
more  confidently  a  good  deposit  may  be  expected. 

3.  They  are  surrounded  by  annular  outcrops  of  solid  or  broken 
red  clay-rock,  chert-breccia,  black  or  brown  impregnated    sand- 
stone, and  finally  of  yellow  or  white  sandstone.     These  annular 
sandstone  outcrops  are  frequently  very  conspicuous. 

4.  The  slope  of  the  hill  shows  also,  outside  of  these  annular  out- 
crops, streaks  of  smaller  and  more  rounded  surface-ore,  evidently 
washed  down  from  the  original  deposit,  the  main  body  of  which 
always  lies  inside  the  sandstone  outcrops.     The  surface-ore  is  some- 
times spread  over  the  whole  hill.      In  other  localities  it  is  concen- 
trated in  depressions  and  ravines,  the  soil  and  sandstone  being  con- 
tinually washed  away,  while  the  heavy  ore  is  left  and  concentrated. 
In  other  not   unfrequent   instances  the   surface-ore  on  the  slopes 
covers  swellings  of  the  ground,  encompassed  or  cut  by  two  or  more 
diverging  ravines.       In  such   cases   the  surface-ore   lies  generally 
pretty  thick  and  close,  and  thus  protects  the  underlying  softer  ma- 
terials from  being  washed  away  as  rapidly  as  the  less  protected  por- 
tions of  the  same  slope.    It  is  obvious  that  these  swellings  have  been 
produced  by  such  an  unequal  protection  of  the  ground.     When 
opened  by  shafts,  these  swellings  are  then  found  to  consist  of  loose, 
sandy  detritus,  with  little  or  no  ore,  overlying  the  solid  sandstone. 
The  extent  of  the  surface-ore,  however  thick  and  close  it  may  lie, 
when   outside  of  the  annular  outcrops  of  sandstone,    is  therefore 
no  proof  of  a  corresponding  extent  of  the  deposit. 

I  will  now  proceed  with  the  special  description  of  a  number  of 
ore-banks  belonging  to  this  category  of  undisturbed  or  slightly- 
disturbed  deposits  of  specular  ore  in  sandstone. 

Scotia  No.  1,  Sec.  I,  E.  y2  S.  E.  ^,  T.'  38,  R.  3,  W.,  Crawford 
County. 

This  deposit  lies  in  a  low  sandstone-hill,  which  forms  a  spur  on  the 
southern  end  of  a  higher  limestone-hill,  and  is  separated  by  two 


SCOTIA  MINE. 


129 


narrow  valleys  from  the  surrounding  high  hills,  composed  of  Third 
Magnesian  Limestone  at  the  base,  and  of  Second  Sandstone  in  the 
upper  part. 

Fig.  25. 


The  Second  Sandstone  on  which  the  ore  is  bedded  occupies  a 
much  lower  level  than  the  Second  Sandstone  which  caps  the  sur- 
rounding hills.  It  has  undoubtedly  sunk  down  gradually  into  its 
present  location,  which  is  at  the  level  of  the  limestone,  by  which  it  is 
surrounded  on  three  sides.  The  whole  ore-bank  sank  down  with 
the  sandstone,  and  by  its  weight  may  have  kept  the  latter  in  place, 
and  protected  it  against  destruction  by  the  waters  which  effected  the 
erosion  of  the  valleys  on  both  sides. 

S  and  L,  on  Fig.  25,  mean  that  pieces  of  sandstone  and  limestone 
are  found  there,  mixed,  on  the  surface.  Distinct  outcrops  and 
openings  of  both  these  kinds  of  rocks  are  found  on  the  other  two 
hills,  east  and  west  of  the  ore-hill. 

The  broken  line  across  the  ore-hill  shows  the  probable  limit  of 
9 


130 


IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 


the  ore.  The  annular  outcrop  of  sandstone  round  the  ore  is  also 
indicated.  The  surface-ore  extends  over  an  area  about  1 80  feet 
wide  and  over  200  feet  long,  a,  b,  c,  are  cuts  made  for  the  purpose 
of  mining  the  ore. 

Fig.  26. 


Ill 

|SP 

n  n  5 

i 


o 

o 

H 
> 


to 

m 
o 


O 

Z 


25 

CA     U> 

il 

^5: 

o   -< 

Z     (0 


f        EAST 


The  foregoing,  Fig.  26,  represents  a  section  through  the  cuts  a 
and  *,  showing  the  interior  structure  of  the  upper  part  of  the  ore- 
deposit. 


SCOTIA  MINE.  131 

We  see  here  nearly  corresponding  strata  on  both  sides  of  the 
ore,  all  dipping  toward  and  apparently  under  the  ore.  There 
is  the  Second  Sandstone  (S),  yellowish-white,  dipping  about  40° 
on  the  west  side,  and  considerably  more  on  the  east  side. 
Next  to  this  sandstone  is,  on  the  east  side,  a  stratum  of  breccia  of 
green,  red,  and  yellow  chert,  mixed  with  pieces  of  sandstone,  and 
cemented  by  red  loam  8  feet  thick  (B  S).  This  same  stratum,  with 
the  same  thickness,  is  represented  on  the  west  side  ;  but  it  is  there 
separated  from  the  white  sandstone  by  a  stratum,  5  feet  thick,  of 
Sandstone  impregnated  with  fine,  greasy  ore  (S  and  H),  probably  pro- 
duced by  an  accidental  and  local  infiltration  into  the  regular  Second 
sandstone.  Then  follows,  on  the  east  side,  a  stratum  (F),  2  feet 
thick,  of  green  and  brown  flint  or  chert,  in  solid  and  nearly  un- 
broken but  very  irregular  layers.  These  strata  will  undoubtedly 
meet  below  the  level  of  the  present  section,  and  thus  form  a  pocket, 
in  which  the  ore  is  placed. 

The  ore  itself  consists  of  large,  irregular  masses  of  hard,  blue, 
specular  hematite  (H  H),  getting  more  soft  and  light-colored  out- 
side, and  passing  into  the  soft,  red  hematite  (S  H),  which  surrounds 
them,  and  which  constitutes  the  greater  part  of  the  bank,  as  far  as 
opened  at  present.  The  soft,  red  ore  is  mostly  greasy  to  the  touch. 
It  contains  sometimes  streaks  of  broken  chert  and  of  clay,  and  is  in 
its  upper  part  mixed  with  streaks  and  irregular  masses  of  yellow 
ochre.  All  this  ore  must  have  been  formerly  one  solid  mass  of 
specular  ore,  which  was  broken,  and  gradually  softened,  and  sub- 
jected to  such  transformations  as  I  have  described  in  section  B. 

Scotia  Bank  No.  2,  S.E.  %,  Sec.  28,  T.  39,  R.  2,  W  ,  Crawford 
County. 

This  seems  to  belong  to  this  category  of  ore-banks,  although 
its  exterior  characteristics  are  not  very  plain,  and  although  it  is  not 
sufficiently  opened  to  allow  an  exact  judgment  regarding  its  char- 
acter. To  judge  from  the  surrounding  hills  and  from  the  surface- 
rocks,  the  hill  seems  to  be  composed  of  limestone  capped  by  sand- 
stone, or  else  of  sandstone  exclusively,  and  to  contain  a  considera- 
ble mass  of  ore,  situated  above  the  sandstone  on  the  summit  of  the 
hill.  The  ore  is  thickly  covered  by  detritus  on  the  north-east  side, 
while  it  is  but  a  few  feet  below  the  surface  on  the  south-west  side, 
near  the  summit.  Its  presence  there  has  been  proved  both  by  a 
shaft  and  by  a  ditch,  which  are  from  80  to  90  feet  apart. 


132 


IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 


At  the  foot  of  the  hill,  which  is  about  150  feet  below  the  summit, 
a  tunnel  was  made,  and  struck  immediately  under  the  soil,  the  soft, 
red  ore  enclosing  pieces  and  bowlders  of  specular  ore,  and  numerous 
broken  stalactites  of  specular,  partly  converted  into  red,  ore.  This 
ore,  several  feet  thick,  dips  with  the  slope,  and  is  underlaid  con- 
formably by  a  layer  of  green  chert,  2  feet  thick,  which  itself  lies  on 
a  mass  of  broken  chert  and  sandstone,  mixed  with  clay  and  loam. 
All  these  materials  that  were  struck  by  the  tunnel  are  undoubtedly 
detached  parts  of  the  main  ore-bank  on  the  summit. 

Cherry  Valley,  No.  1,  E.  V2  S.  W.  ^,  Sec.  4,  T.  37,  R-  3,  W., 
Crawford  County,  6  miles  east  of  Steelville. 


JP. 


H  .  H  .     SPECULAR     ORE 


B.H.     BROWN     HEMATITE 


CHERRY    VALLEY    BANK  . 
i 

Fig.  27  gives  a  topographical  sketch  of  the  two  Cherry  Valley 
banks,  neither  of  which  is  as  yet  opened.  Nevertheless,  the  west- 
ern or  No.  i  bank  will  readily  be  recognized  as  a  very  distinct  and 
characteristic  example  of  a  nearly  undisturbed  deposit  of  specular 


LAMB  BANK.  133 

ore  in  sandstone.  The  lower  part  of  the  hills  in  that  region  is  com- 
posed of  Third  Magnesian  Limestone,  the  upper  part  of  Second  Sand- 
stone. On  the  summit  we  observe  an  annular  outcrop,  several  feet 
thick,  of  white  and  yellow  Second  Sandstone,  having  in  part  the  ap- 
pearance of  a  vitreous  quartzite,  and  dipping  toward  the  centre, 
but  so  steep  that  the  strata  are  in  most  places  nearly  in  a  vertical 
position.  Inside  of  this  outcrop  of  light-colored  sandstone,  and 
placed  conformably  to  it,  is  an  annular  outcrop  of  a  sandstone  col- 
ored or  impregnated  by  oxides  of  iron. 

The  circular  space  inside  of  these  outcrops,  150  feet  in  diameter, 
is  entirely  covered  with  ore,  the  numerous  large  bowlders  consist- 
ing principally  of  specular  ore,  while  most  of  the  smaller  pieces  are 
altered  partly  into  limonite,  partly  into  soft,  red  hematite.  This 
space  marks  the  position  of  the  regular  deposit,  and  a  pocket  of  con- 
siderable depth,  filled  with  ore,  will  certainly  be  disclosed  here  by 
future  mining  operations. 

There  is  a  gap  in  the  sandstone  outcrop  on  the  south  side,  and 
there  the  surface-ore  is  spread  in  considerable  quantity  down  the 
slope,  outside  the  outcrops,  in  a  streak  50  to  60  feet  wide  and  about 
200  feet  long.  The  greater  part  of  this  surface-ore  is  changed  into 
limonite.  An  extension  of  the  underground  deposit  in  this  direc- 
tion cannot,  however,  be  expected. 

The  eastern  or  No.  2  Cherry  Valley  bank,  which  is  sketched  in 
Fig  27,  does  not  show  the  exterior  characteristics  of  an  undisturbed 
bank,  although  it  contains  very  large  and  very  numerous  bowlders 
of  specular  ore  and  of  limonite  on  the  surface,  and  although  very 
large  masses  of  ore  will  undoubtedly  be  found  there  underground, 
especially  in  the  upper  part  of  the  hill.  But  it  is,  from  its  present 
appearance,  a  disturbed  deposit,  belonging  to  the  third  category  C, 
of  which  I  shall  speak  hereafter. 

Lamb  Bank,  Sec.  35,  T.  36,  R.  6,  W.,  Phelps  County.— This 
bank  is  situated  in  the  "  Upper  Meramec"  district,  on  the  dividing 
ridge  between  the  Benton  Creek  Valley  and  the  Norman  Hollow, 
at  the  head  of  the  western  branch  of  Benton  Creek. 

The  main  part  of  the  bank  is  situated  close  to  the  highest  point, 
and  is  nearly  round,  150  to  200  feet  in  diameter.  No  distinct 
annular  outcrops  are  perceptible,  however,  and  the  limit  of  the 
body  of  massive  ore  can  therefore  not  be  determined  with  great 
accuracy.  But  an  annular  streak  of  ferruginous  clay-rock  and  of 


134 


IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 


chert-breccia  can  be  traced  nearly  all  round  the  bank,  from  the  loose 
pieces  lying  on  the  surface. 


LAM  A      BANK. 


A  horizontal  outcrop  of  white  sandstone  is  found  half-way  down 
the  western  slope,  where  also  large  bowlders  of  specular  ore  occur, 
as  well  as  in  the  western  ravine,  which  is  about  130  feet  below  the 
bank. 

The  low,  triangular  slope  south  of  the  circular  bank  is  covered 
with  small  and  rounded  surface-ore,  between  the  road  and  the  little 
ravine  on  the  east  side.  This  ore  was  undoubtedly  washed  down 
from  the  main  deposit. 

Benton  Creek  Bank,  Sec.  32,  T.  36,  R.  5,  W.,  Crawford 
County. — On  Benton  Creek,  in  the  "  Upper  Meramec  "  district. 

The  sketch  (Fig.  29)  shows  a  large  hill,  150  to  200  feet  high,  cover- 
ed with  surface-ore,  which  is  partly  specular,  partly  limonite,  partly 
strongly-impregnated  sandstone.  The  surface-geology  indicates 
yellow  and  white  sandstone  on  the  lower  half  of  the  hill,  cropping 
out  in  several  places  on  the  slopes  and  dipping  in  each  case  toward 
the  centre  of  the  hill.  On  the  north-west  side  we  find  a  ferrugi- 
nous or  impregnated  sandstone  on  the  surface,  extending  in  a 
curved  streak  round  the  hill.  All  this  points  toward  the  existence 


GROVER  BANK. 


135 


of  a  large  ore-deposit  inside  these  sandstones.  A  peculiar  feature 
of  this  bank  is  a  straight  zone  of  very  large  bowlders  of  specular 
ore  running  across  the  hill  from  north-west  to  south-east.  This 
bank  is  somewhat  disturbed,  but  it  has  preserved  its  circular  char- 
acter. The  mass  of  ore  will  probably  be  found  broken,  but  not 
scattered  to  a  great  extent. 

Fig.   29. 


BCNTON   CREEK    BANK. 


This  is  one  of  the  largest  ore-banks  in  central  Missouri,  judging 
from  its  appearance  and  dimensions. 

Grover  Bank,  S.  W.  %,  Sec.  2,  &  N.  W.  j^,  Sec.  11,  T.  35, 
R.  4,  TV.,  Crawford  County. — This  ore-bank  is  situated  in  the 
"  Upper  Meramec  "  district,  on  the  top  of  a  high  ridge,  with  pretty 
steep  slopes,  cut  by  numerous  ravines,  which  descend  gradually 
through  lower  ranges  of  hills  into  the  broad  valley  of  Crooked 
Creek. 

The  ore  does  not  lie  thick,  either  on  the  slopes  or^on  the  hill.  It  is 
more  concentrated  in  the  ravines.  Fig.  30  presents  an  elevation, 
showing  the  various  rocks  met  with  in  going  from  the  Crooked 


136 


IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 


Creek  valley  up  to  the  bank,  namely,  the  Third  Magnesian  Lime- 
stone, the  Second  Sandstone,  which  becomes  ferruginous  near  the 
bank,  above  this  a  thin  streak  of  red  clay  with  chert,  and  finally 
the  ore  on  the  summit. 

Fig.   30. 


SHAFTS 


G ROVER      BANK 


This  succession  of  rocks  and  the  situation  of  the  bank  seems  to 
warrant  the  presence  of  a  good  ore-deposit,  although  the  surface- 
ore  is  not  very  copious.  Six  small  shafts  have  been  dug  on  the 
top  of  the  hill,  five  of  which  were  too  near  the  outcrop  of  the  ore, 
and  therefore,  after  cutting  through  5  to  7  feet  of  soft  red  and  of 
specular  ore,  struck  either  the  underlying  white  clay  or  the  chert- 
breccia  or  the  impregnated  sandstone.  The  sixth  shaft  was  made 
nearer  the  central  part  of  the  summit,  and  struck  soft,  red  hematite 
immediately  below  the  soil,  together  with  bowlders  of  specular  ore 
up  to  one  foot  in  diameter.  This  shaft  was  brought  down  six  feet 
only  in  the  ore,  and  then  discontinued.  The  presence  of  a  large 
amount  of  soft  ore  in  this  locality  proves  that  the  bank  has  been 
broken  up  and  somewhat  disturbed.  But  it  is  not  likely  that  a  con- 
siderable part  of  the  original  mass  of  ore  should  have  been  washed 
away. 

Simmons  Mountain,  N.  W.  *^,  Sec.  24,  T.  34,  R.  6,  W., 
Dent  County,  y2  mile  south-west  of  Salem. — This  is  one  of  the 
largest,  if  not  the  largest  deposit  of  specular  ore  in  the  central  ore- 
region.  It  received  its  name  from  its  original  owner,  Mr.  C.  C. 
Simmons,  of  St.  Louis. 

Fig.  32  is  a  view  of  the  Simmons  Mountain,  which  is  a  nearly 
isolated  hill  about  ninety  feet  high,  above  the  plateau  south  of 
Salem,  on  which'  it  is  situated,  and  covering  over  thirty  acres  of 
ground. 


SIMMONS  MOUNTAIN. 
Fig.  32. 


137 


if. 


V;  /  / 

SIMMONS     MOUNTAIN   . 

•— —  —    UNIT  Of*  30UO  ORe  COVERING' A  DISTRICT    SOO'LONC  *, 
—     UMIT  or  OTHER  HOCKS  .        e       8.     OVTOHOP    Of    SANDSTONE. 


The  main  body  of  the  hill  seems  to  be  composed  of  Second  Sand- 
stone, which  is  found  in  pieces  on  the  surface,  and  has  been 
uncovered  by  a  digging  at  the  foot  of  the  north-western  slope,  close 
to  the  road.  The  sandstone  on  the  surface  is  mixed  with  pieces  of 
chert  on  the  southern  and  south-western  sides,  near  the  base. 
Higher  up  it  is  mixed  with  specular  surface-ore,  which  extends 
over  a  very  large  district,  increasing  in  frequency  and  size  toward 
the  summit. 

Some  of  the  surface-ore  on  the  slopes  is  altered  into  a  fine  and 
pure  limonite  (brown  hematite),  but  most  of  it  is  specular.  The 


138  IR  ON-  ORES  OF  MISSO  URL 

latter  occurs  in  bowlders,  several  feet  in  diameter.  The  follow- 
ing topographical  sketch  will  give  a  better  idea  of  the  surface- 
geology. 

We  here  notice,  in  addition  to  the  occurrences  just  described,  an 
elliptic  district,  about  400  feet  wide  and  500  feet  long,  enclosing 
the  summit,  and  being  very  thickly  covered  with  surface-ore. 
This  is  the  position  and  extent  of  the  original  deposit.  As  may  be 
seen  on  the  sketch,  it  is  surrounded  by  outcrops  of  sandstone  (S), 
which  are  especially  distinct  on  the  north  and  west  sides,  and  are 
ferruginous  in  several  places.  On  the  east  side  some  outcrops  of 
sandstone  are  found  lower  down  the  slope.  The  dip  of  the  sand- 
stone cannot  now  be  distinctly  recognized,  but  this  rock  will  un- 
doubtedly be  found  to  form  a  large  elliptic  pocket,  filled  with  ore. 
Inside  of  the  upper  sandstone  outcrops,  the  surface  bowlders  are  of 
enormous  size,  evidently  outcrops  of  an  immense  body  of  massive 
ore.  Wherever  the  soil  is  removed  between  these  bowlders,  ore  is 
found  immediately  below  it. 

Outside  of  this  district,  the  surface-ore,  although  very  large  in 
places  and  very  plentiful,  must  be  considered  as  being  broken  off 
from  the  main  deposit  and  thrown  or  washed  down  the  hill.  This 
ore  may  have  been  at  first  imbedded  in  large  masses  of  detritus  of 
sandstone  which  was  broken  off  simultaneously  with  the  ore. 
Afterward  this  ore  was  concentrated  on  the  surface  by  the  slow 
but  unavoidable  and  merciless  action  of  rain-water,  which  mechani- 
cally destroyed  and  removed  the  light  sandy  materials  surrounding 
and  underlying  the  ore,  while  the  ore  itself,  being  too  heavy  to  be 
carried  off  by  such  action,  remained  in  place.  This  outside  surface- 
ore  is  therefore  not  indicative  of  the  existence  of  large  bodies  of 
ore  below  it. 

These  views  have  been  fully  verified  by  a  number  of  shafts 
which  have  lately  been  sunk  on  the  Simmons  Mountain,  and  which 
on  our  sketch  are  marked  by  the  numbers  I  to  9.  The  shafts  5,  6, 
7,  8,  and  9,  which  are  outside  the  elliptic  district,  disclosed  15  to  25 
feet  of  loose,  sandy  detritus,  and  finally  struck  the  solid  sandstone. 
Shafts  5  and  6,  which  are  the  nearest  to  the  deposit,  met  with  more 
clayish  materials,  and  streaks  and  masses  of  white  clay  and  chert, 
which  are  so  frequently  found  in  close  proximity  to  such  deposits. 
The  shafts  I,  2,  3,  and  4,  although  sunk  quite  near  the  limits  of  the 
deposit,  but  inside  of  them,  went  through  25  to  30  feet  of  solid, 


POMER O  Y  BANK.  1 39 

pure,  specular  ore,  without  reaching  the  foot-walls.  I  was  lately 
informed  that,  since  my  last  visit,  one  of  these  shafts  has  struck  the 
clay  at  a  depth  of  a  little  less  than  30  feet.  This  is  not  at  all  aston- 
ishing, on  account  of  the  proximity  of  the  shafts  to  the  limits  of 
the  pocket.  The  fact  that  none  of  these  shafts  has  reached  the  clay 
at  a  less  depth,  proves  that  the  walls  of  the  pocket  are  nearly  ver- 
tical, and  points  to  a  great  thickness  of  the  ore  in  the  central  por- 
tion of  the  deposit.  At  the  foot  of  the  Simmons  Mountain,  and 
north  of  it,  a  well  has  been  sunk,  which  is  marked  in  Fig.  32. 
This  well  is  over  60  feet  deep.  It  passed  through  — 

8 — 10  feet  of  soil  and  loose,  sandy  material. 
6 — 7  feet  of  sandstone  in  broken  layers. 
15  —  18  feet  of  red,  sandy  loam. 

6  feet  of  chert,  in  thick,  broken  layers. 
6 — 8  feet  of  red,  sandy  loam. 
3 — 4  feet  of  chert,  in  broken  layers. 

14  feet  of  chert,  mixed  with  clay. 

All  the  materials  just  mentioned  seem  to  be  remnants  of  destroy- 
ed sandstones  which  must  have  formerly  surrounded  the  Simmons 
Mountain.  The  harder  cherty  strata  have  been  evidently  less 
subject  to  destruction,  and  have  therefore  been  left  in  place  and 
concentrated,  while  the  greater  part  of  the  softer  sandstone  was 
destroyed  and  carried  off  by  the  waters  and  floods,  which  effected 
the  erosion  of  the  valleys  in  that  region,  besides  washing  away 
whole  strata  of  rocks.  The  body  of  the  Simmons  Mountain  was 
in  a  great  measure  protected  against  this  action  by  the  size  and 
weight  of  its  ore-deposit,  which  seems  to  be  nearly  undisturbed, 
resembling  in  this  respect  the  Cherry  Valley  No.  I  and  the  Lamb 
banks  above  described. 

Pomeroy  Bank,  Sec.  10,  T.  34,  R.  6  W.,  Dent  County,  three 
miles  north-west  of  Salem. 

This  quite  extensive  ore-bank  was  evidently  underwashed  on  the 
west  side,  and  broken  and  turned  or  moved  in  that  direction,  as 
can  be  easily  perceived  from  the  study  of  the  surface-geology  on 
our  sketch.  The  mass  of  the  ore  does  not  seem,  however,  to  be 
much  scattered,  nor  to  have  been  removed  to  any  considerable  ex- 


IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 


tent ;  so  that  we  may  rank  this  bank  with  the  disturbed  depos- 
its (b). 


JP. 


BROWN  8*. '8LUE  Oftt 

V\  I    «'  j  / 


/  ^-^^EMAT.Tt^^:^^:---- 


POM  E  ft  Q  Y      ORE     BANK 


The  top  of  the  hill  is  about  120  feet  above  the  eastern  valley; 
but  the  surrounding  hills  are  mostly  higher  than  the  Pomeroy 
hill. 

In  throwing  a  look  on  Fig.  33,  we  find  that  the  principal  mass  of 
the  surface-ore,  although  in  large  quantities  and  sizes,  is  here  not 
situated  on  the  summit,  but  on  the  western  slope,  where  indeed, 
besides  the  cherty  soil,  hardly  anything  else  but  ore  is  seen  on  the 
surface.  The  summit  is  occupied  by  ferruginous  clay-rock  and 
pieces  of  ore  altered  into  limonite.  On  the  eastern  slope  we  have 
a  zone  of  the  well-known  breccia  of  white  and  green  chert,  ce- 
mented by  clay-rock,  and  lower  down  the  ordinary,  white  or  yel- 
low, Second  Sandstone.  No  regular  outcrops  are  to  be  seen  ;  but 


TAYLOR  BANK. 


141 


the  succession  of  rocks  from  the  east  to  the  west,  shows  that  a  con- 
siderable mass  of  ore  must  exist  in  the  western  and  central  parts  of 
the  hill. 

Taylor  Bank,  S.  W.  %  of  S.  W.  ft,  Sec.    12,  T.  34,  R.  7,  W., 
Dent  County,  eight  miles  north-west  of  Salem. 

Fig.  34- 


TAYLOR 


BANK 


On  this  topographical  and  geological  sketch  of  the  Taylor  bank 
we  meet  with  circumstances  very  similar  to  those  just  described. 
We  find  about  the  same  succession  of  rocks,  and  the  whole  ore- 
bank  situated  on  the  slope,  the  specular  ore  occupying  the  foot  of 
the  hill.  The  surface-ore  extends  over  an  area  about  400  feet 
square.  The  main  body  of  the  ore  will  probably  be  found  in 
the  upper  part  of  the  semicircular  space,  which  is  surrounded  by 
a  zone  of  ferruginous  rocks.  This  bank  has  been  undoubtedly 
underwashed  on  the  south  side,  and  disturbed  in  its  position.  North 


!  42  fR  ON-  ORES  OF  MISSO  URL 

of  the  bank,  near  the  summit  of  the  hill,  is  one  of  the  round  sink- 
holes which  so  frequently  occur  on  hills  composed  of  Second  Sand- 
stone and  Third  Limestone.  They  are,  perhaps,  caused  by  the 
existence  of  large  cavities  in  the  limestone,  which  have  caused  a 
sinking  of  the  overlying  sandstone.  This  sink-hole  does  not  at 
present  seem  to  be  in  any  connection  with  the  ore-deposit. 

Iron  Ridge  No.  1,  N.  E.  %,  Sec.  29,  T.  39,  R.  5,  W.,  Crawford 
County. — I  give  here  a  plan  and  section  of  the  Iron  Ridge  mine. 
The  ore-deposit  seems  to  be  of  a  lenticular  shape,  but  curved  hori- 
zontally, while  dipping  at  an  angle  of  about  40  degrees  toward  the 
east.  The  specular  ore  is  all  broken,  and  to  a  great  extent  altered 
into  soft,  red  hematite,  in  which  the  remains  of  the  specular  ore 
are  imbedded  as  half-converted  bowlders.  The  deposit  is  entirely 
surrounded  by  loose  materials,  and  has  undergone  considerable  dis- 
turbances ;  but  at  the  time  when  these  took  place  the  ore-bank 
must  have  been  in  a  solid  and  intact  state,  because  its  limits  are 
sharp  and  well  marked,  and  the  main  body  of  the  ore,  although 
broken  up  interiorly,  has  not  been  separated  into  several  smaller 
bodies,  nor  scattered  about,  as  far  as  can  be  seen  at  present.  The 
succession  of  rocks  may  be  observed  as  follows  : — 

1.  Cherty  and  sandy  soil.      1-3  feet. 

2.  Clayish  and  sandy  detritus,  white,  yellow,  and  light  red,  en- 
closing pieces  of  chert  and  chert-breccia  in  sandstone,  and   some- 
times masses  of  soft  sandstone.     40  feet. 

3.  Very  hard  breccia  of  sandstone,  cemented  by  quartz.     2-4 
feet. 

4.  Broken  chert,    imbedded  in   red  and    yellow    clay  or  loam. 
1-3  feet. 

5.  Soft,   red   ore,    partly   greasy,   enclosing    bowlders  of  hard 
specular  ore,  exteriorly  converted  into  red  ore  to  a  greater  or  less 
extent.     These  bowlders  form  about  one-third  of  the  whole  mass, 
and  grow  larger  with  the  depth,  being  apparently  5  to   8  feet  in 
diameter  at  the  bottom  of  the  main  shaft.     The   average  thickness 
of  the  deposit,  as  far  as  now  opened,  is  about  25  feet. 


IRON  RIDGE  ORE- BANK. 


143 


PLAN    OF    MINE. 


CUD.     CrAYlSrt    DETRITUS  S.H.  BOFTHEMATJTC 

YELLOW   PLASTIC    CLAY  K.H.  HARD    HEMATITE 

Cl.+  F.     CHERT  IN    RCO  *  YSLLOW  CUY  B.S.  BROKEN    SANOSTONC 

S.O.        SANDY    OCTHITU8  ?,  SANDSTONE 

LIMIT  or  CUT  — —  LIMIT  or  ORE 


1 44  IR  ON-  ORES  OF  MISSO  URL 

6.  Yellow,  plastic  clay,  sometimes  with  pieces  of  specular  ore. 
1-3  feet. 

7.  Red    loam    and   white  or    yellow,    sandy    clay,    irregularly 
mixed,    enclosing    large    bowlders  of    decomposed    specular   ore. 
These  bowlders  are  soft  enough  to  be  broken  by  picks  and  sledges, 
and  present  in  their  fracture  a  variegated  appearance,  red,  brown, 
yellow,  and  black  ore  being  mixed  together,  and  containing  specks 
of  white  clay  and  in  some  places  seams  of  quartz. 

The  original  geological  position  of  the  Iron  Ridge  deposit  cannot 
be  safely  determined  from  its  immediate  surroundings,  all  the  regu- 
lar geological  strata  in  that  district  being  thickly  covered  by  sandy 
and  cherty  detritus,  undoubtedly  produced  by  a  very  extensive  and 
complete  destruction  of  sandstones  with  chert-layers.  A  bore-hole, 
a  few  hundred  feet  south-west  of  the  ore-bank,  on  the  same  ridge, 
went  through  65  feet  of  this  loose  and  irregular  formation,  without 
striking  the  solid  rock.  Several  wells  were  sunk  in  various  places 
in  the  valley  to  a  depth  of  45  feet.  There,  also,  drifted  masses 
were  found  to  a  depth  of  12  to  15  feet,  consisting  of  broken  chert, 
of  rounded  pieces  of  sandstone,  and  of  sand.  Below  this  more 
solid,  yet  not  quite  undisturbed,  rocks  were  reached,  consisting  of 
alternate  strata  of  sandstone  and  more  or  less  broken  chert.  Of 
these  strata,  a  thickness  of  30  feet  was  pierced,  without  obtaining 
water  in  desirable  quantity. 

The  ore  in  the  Iron  Ridge  deposit  seems  to  extend  to  a  consid- 
erable depth.  The  main  shaft  is  now  over  50  feet  deep,  and  has 
not  reached  the  end  of  the  deposit. 

Meramec  Bank,  N.  W.  %,  Sec.  i,  T.  37,  R.  6,  W.,  Phelps 
County,  7  miles  south  of  St.  James. 

The  Meramec  bank,  a  section  of  which  is  given  in  Fig.  36,  is  a 
lenticular  deposit  of  a  nearly  circular  outline,  lying  in  clay  and 
chert  beds,  in  the  Second  Lower  Silurian  sandstone.  Its  inclined 
position,  as  well  as  the  broken  condition  of  the  ore,  indicate  former 
disturbances,  probably  caused  by  a  partial  destruction  and  removal 
of  the  underlying  sandstone,  especially  on  the  south  side,  where  a 
deep  ravine  or  narrow  valley  has  been  eroded,  perhaps  by  the 
same  waters  that  may  have  underwashed  the  ore-deposit. 

In  this  valley,  through  which  a  road  leads  down  to  the  Meramec 
Iron  Works,  outcrops  and  bluffs  of  the  Second  Sandstone  are  exposed. 
The  dip  of  the  sandstone  is  very  irregular,  mostly,  however,  10  to 


MERAMEC  BANK. 
Fig.  36- 


145 


SOUTH 


NORTH. 


s. 


SECTION     OF     MERAMEC      MINE 


S.  SECOND       SANDSTONE  Cl.  +  F. 

S.*F.         .SANDSTONE     WITH     FLINT  F. 

g.«-F.»  Cb.  3*MO  STONE    WITH     F I  I  NT& LO A M  6.H. 

,*.«H..r.     SANDSTONE    WITHORC    fc.  CHERT  H-H, 

—  —  —LIMIT      OF  OUT 


CLAY    WITH    CHE  RT 
SOU  0     F  LI  MT 
SOFT    H  EM  ATITE 
HARD     HEM  ATITE 


20  degrees  to  the  north-west,  about  in  the  direction  of  the  ore- 
bank.  Lower  down,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  iron  works,  the  Third 
Magnesian  Limestone  is  exposed  with  a  dip  of  10  to  15  degrees 
north-north-west.  A  large  spring,  discharging  about  10,000  cubic 
feet  of  water  per  minute,  of  a  temperature  of  58°  F.,  uniform  all 
the  year  round,  comes  out  of  this  limestone,  proving  that  it  must 
contain  enormous  cavities  and  spacious  subterranean  channels. 
The  limestone  is  thickly  bedded  and  contains  numerous  chert  con- 
cretions. The  upper  strata  are  more  irregular,  and  enclose  layers 
and  masses  of  sandstone.  The  Second  Sandstone  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  ore -bank  occurs  on  the  north  and  west  sides  in  distinct  outcrops 
dipping  toward  the  ore.  This  sandstone  is  often  thinly  bedded, 
and  shows  sometimes  a  wavy  striation  on'  the  surface  of  the  layers, 
similar  to  that  which  is  frequently  produced  on  loose  river-sand  by 
the  waves  of  a  shallow  water. 

The  succession  of  strata  in  a  section  through  the  ore-deposit, 
as  represented  by  Fig.  36,  seems  to  be  the  following  : — 

1.  Second  Lower  Silurian  sandstone. 

2.  Broken  chert,  imbedded  in  red,  sandy  clay.     12  feet. 

3.  Chert-breccia  in  sandstone.     4  feet. 

4.  Soft,  red  hematite  with  many  bowlders  of  specular  ore,  more 

or  less  altered  on  the  outside ;    also,    in    places,   irregular,   large 
10 


1 46  IR  ON-  ORES  OF  MISSO  URL 

masses  of  hard,  yellow  limestone,  with  seams  and  specks  of  car- 
bonate of  iron  ;  also,  soft,  greasy  "paint-ore,"  red  to  dark  purple, 
the  latter  very  pure  in  pockets  on  the  surface  of  the  deposit ;  also, 
streaks  of  soft,  yellow  ochre.  The  thickness  of  the  deposit  varies 
from  5  to  40  feet. 

5.  White  clay,  mixed  with  broken  chert,     o  to  5  feet. 

6.  Layers  of  solid  chert.      I  to  2  feet. 

7.  Broken  sandstone  and  chert,  mixed  with  loam.      I  to  10  feet. 

8.  Impure   and  uneven  sandy  rock,  impregnated  with  oxides  of 
iron  and  containing  layers  of  broken  chert.      5  to  20  feet. 

9.  Alternate  layers  of  sandstone  and  of  massive  chert.      5  to  20 
feet. 

10.  Dry,  sandy  soil,  containing  small,  rounded  particles  of  specu- 
lar ore.     y2  to  2  feet. 

All  the  strata  above  the  ore  are  very  irregular  in  their  position 
and  thickness.  Most  of  them  can,  however,  be  traced  across  the 
whole  mining-cut.  That  portion  of  the  section,  Fig.  36,  which  is 

below  the  limit  ( )  of  the  cut,  is  imaginary,  and  has  been 

added  merely  to  give  a  clearer  picture.  The  ore  might,  perhaps, 
in  the  central  part  of  the  deposit,  extend  deeper  into  the  sandstone 
than  is  indicated  in  that  section. 

James  Bank  and  Moselle  No.  9,  S.  ^  of  S.  E.  y[,  Sec.  29, 
T.  38,  R.  6,  W.,  Phelps  County,  2  miles  south  of  St.  James. — 
These  two  banks  are  situated  close  together,  on  a  low  ridge,  on 
the  plateau  of  St.  James,  between  the  Dry  Fork  and  the  Bourbeuse 
Rivers. 

The  formation  in  that  district  is  Third  Magnesian  Limestone, 
capped  by  Second  Sandstone.  This  may  be  observed  along  the 
Dry  Fork  River,  south  of  St.  James.  The  two  ore-deposits  men- 
tioned are  in  the  sandstone.  The  sketch  on  next  page,  Fig.  37, 
shows  their  relative  position. 

Both  these  banks  are  nearly  worked  out ;  the  best  and  richest  ores 
are  all  taken  out,  and  the  walls  and  the  bottoms  of  the  deposits  are 
laid  bare.  These  places,  therefore,  offer  a  good  opportunity  for  the 
geologist  to  study  the  character  of  these  pocket-like  deposits  in  the 
sandstone. 

The  ore  formerly  contained  in  these  pockets  was  mostly  soft, 
red,  and  in  part  greasy  hematite,  enclosing  large  bowlders  of  specu- 
lar ore.  The  ore  filled  a  nearly  circular  depression  in  the  sandstone, 


JAMES  AND  MOSELLE  BANKS. 


147 


with  pretty  steep  walls.  The  ore  was  10  to  15  feet  higher  in  the 
centre  than  at  the  circu'mference.  The  James  bank  had  about 
35  feet  average  height,  and  a  diameter  of  over  200  feet,  and  fur- 
nished about  30,000  tons  of  ore. 

The  Moselle  bank  was  20  feet  thick  in  the  average,  and  150  feet 
in  diameter,  and  may  have  contained  12  to  15.000  tons  of  ore, 
some  of  which  is  yet  in  place. 

The  James  bank  lies  at  the  edge  of  the  northern  slope  of  the  hill, 
and  dips  slightly  north.  The  Moselle  bank  lies  at  the  edge  of  the 
western  slope,  and  dips  west.  These  last  observations,  made  on 
two  banks  so  similar  in  every  respect,  and  in  so  close  proximity  to 
each  other,  go  far  to  prove  that  the  dip  of  such  deposits  follows  the 
slope  of  the  hill,  and  that  both  were  produced  by  the  same  cause, 
namely,  by  erosion. 

The  walls  of  these.two,  now  empty,  banks,  consist  of  a  mixture  of 
green  and  white  broken  chert,  with  yellow  and  red  clay,  partly  soft, 
partly  indurated. 

The  face  of  the  walls  is  rather  uneven,  the  ore  reaching  in  places 
into  the  chert  in  irregular  masses.  The  limits  between  the  chert 
and  the  ore  are,  however,  well  marked.  The  bottom  consists  of  a 
white  or  gray  broken  chert,  mixed  with  white  clay. 

A  shaft  has  been  sunk  into  this  mass,  in  the  centre  of  the  James 
bank,  22  feet  deep, .without  reaching  the  solid  rock.  In  the  lower 
part  of  this  shaft,  the  clay  turned  dark  gray,  green  and  black,  and 


148 


IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 


was  mixed  with  iron  pyrites,  in  small  concretions  or  as  a  fine  crys- 
talline grit. 

Beaver  Creek  Bank,  S.  j^,  Sec.  33,  T.  37,  R.  8,  W.,  Phelps 
County,  5  miles  south-west  of  Rolla. — I  give  here  a  plan  and  an 
elevation  of  the  Beaver  Creek  bank,  as  far  as  it  was  opened  and 
known  in  summer  1872. 

Fig.  38. 


w.TrV/JSrYii'tVT  ra 

J 

«.                 SOLID 

\ 

P 

3~4          4 

,.      v     p 

,i 

( 

ORE 

z 

9 

, 

f 

2 

j 

1 

»ttN    ruHT     V,^^,^^ 


T 


CROSa   -   SECTION 


BEAVER     CREEK    BANK. 


It  lies  on  the  summit  of  a  high  ridge,  near  the  head  of  Beaver 
Creek.  An  excavation  has  been  made  into  the  ore,  7°  feet  l°ng> 
30  feet  wide,  and  16  feet  deep.  The  hill  seems  to  consist  of  sand- 
stone, which  crops  out  on  the  slope  about  60  feet  below  the  mine, 
as  seen  in  the  above  elevation. 

The  ore  seems  to  be  pretty  solid,  and  in  its  greater  part  specular, 
but  slightly  altered  or  softened.  The  above  plan  shows  that  the 
mass  of  ore  extends  about  70  feet  from  north  to  south,  being  cut 
off  on  both  sides  by  nearly  vertical  layers  of  green  chert  imbedded 
in  red  loam.  Next  to  this  a  layer  of  chert-breccia  may  be  observed 
on  the  northern  wall.  The  extent  of  the  deposit  in  other  directions 
cannot  as  yet  be  estimated,  because  the  ground  surrounding  the 


DEPOSITS  OF  SPECULAR  ORE.  149 

bank  is  covered  by  soil,  without  any  plain  surface-indications  of 
either  rocks  or  ore. 

Other  deposits,  which  probably  belong  in  this  category,  are  the 
Craig  bank,  in  the  "Upper  Meramec "  district;  the  Wiggins 
and  the  Ziegler  banks,  in  the  Salem  district;  and  the  Mont  Rouge, 
Mocassin  Bend,  and  Hancock  banks,  in  the  specular-ore  district, 
on  the  Middle  Gasconade  River,  and  in  Miller  County.  The 
exact  location,  with  a  few  particulars,  of  these  banks  is  given  in 
the  general  ore-bank  list,  section  D. 

C.    DISTURBED   DEPOSITS   OF   SPECULAR  ORE. 

The  specular-ore  deposits,  of  which  I  intend  to  speak  under  this 
head,  were  originally  such  as  described  under  b.  They  were,  how- 
ever, not  only  broken  by  contraction,  or  by  underwashing,  or  by 
more  violent  geological  actions,  but  they  were  also  divided  into  two 
or  more  large  portions,  which  portions  were  separated  from  each 
other  by  the  removal  of  one,  or  of  more  than  one,  or  of  all  of  them, 
from  their  original  position.  We  may,  accordingly,  distinguish  two 
kinds  of  such  "  disturbed  deposits,"  namely  : — 

1.  Masses  of  specular  ore  which  have  been  removed  from  their 
original  position  and  deposited  elsewhere,  in  a  more  or  less  irregu- 
lar manner,  and 

2.  Remaining  portions  of  original  deposits,  from   which  other 
portions  have  been  separated  and  removed. 

Such  disturbances  must  have  taken  place  in  some  instances  slowly 
and  gradually,  in  other  instances  with  more  rapidity  and  violence, 
which  difference  of  action  must  have  exercised  a  marked  influence 
on  the  condition  in  which  the  various  deposits  are  found  at  present. 
The  more  rapid  and  violent  this  action  was,  or  the  greater  the  dis- 
tance over  which  a  certain  mass  of  ore  has  been  shifted,  the  more 
will  the  present  ore-bank  be  broken  up,  and  the  less  of  those  more 
solid  rocks  with  which  it  was  originally  associated  will  adhere  to  it, 
as  chert,  sandstone,  breccia,  and  the  more  directly  will  it  be  im- 
bedded in  loose  detrital  materials. 

Some  of  the  deposits,  which  I  shall  describe  or  mention  in  this 
category,  are  not  yet  sufficiently  opened  to  give  a  final  decision 
regarding  their  character.  They  may  prove  to  be  broken-off  parts 
of  larger  deposits  situated  in  close  proximity,  and  may  lead  to 
the  discovery  of  the  latter. 


150  1R  ON-  ORES  OF  MISSO  URL 

FRANKLIN   COUNTY   ORE-DISTRICT. 

Thurmond  Bank,  N.  y2  N.  W.  ^,  Sec.  19,  T.  41,  R.  i,  W  , 
Franklin  County. — This  bank  is  situated  2  miles  north  of  Stanton,  in 
a  rather  rough  country,  with  steep,  high  hills,  separated  by  narrow 
valleys  and  ravines.  The  soil  is  mixed  with,  and  in  places  cov- 
ered, by  broken  white  chert.  No  outcrops  of  regular  geological 
strata  are  perceptible,  nor  any  surface-rocks,  which  might  give  a 
clue  to  determine  the  formation.  The  Thurmond  bank  is  as  yet 
but  imperfectly  opened.  The  surface-indications  consist  of  a  num- 
ber of  large  pieces  of  limonite,  and  of  some  small,  sharp  fragments 
of  a  very  hard  and  silicious  specular  ore.  They  are  scattered  over 
a  surface  about  50  feet  wide  and  200  feet  long,  over  a  slight  swell- 
ing of  the  ground  extending  down  the  slope  of  a  moderately  steep 
hill. 

A  shaft  was  sunk  here  a  number  of  years  ago,  in  a  vain  attempt 
to  find  copper-ores.  It  is  said  that  this  shaft,  which  is  yet  open  to  a 
considerable  depth,  passed  through  37  feet  of  red  iron-ore.  Some 
heaps  of  soft,  red,  somewhat  clayish  hematite,  mixed  with  pieces 
of  soft  "  paint-ore,"  are  seen  at  the  mouth  of  the  shaft.  All  ap- 
pearances indicate  that  this  is  a  greatly  disturbed  and  dislocated 
deposit. 

Old  Copper  Hill,  E.  y2  N.  E.  %,  Sec.  23,  T.  40,  R.  2,  W., 
Crawford  County. 

This  bank  is  not  opened.  It  has  externally  a  great  resemblance 
to  an  undisturbed  bank,  as  which  it  would  have  to  be  considered  if 
the  surface-ore  was  larger,  less  rounded,  and  more  concentrated  on 
the  summit  of  the  hill.  As  it  is,  the  bank  has  more  the  appearance 
of  being  the  remainder  of  a  disturbed  deposit,  large  parts  of  which 
would  have  been  removed.  A  circumstance  which  is  very  strange, 
and  which  also  points  to  a  disturbance,  is,  that  fragments  of  white 
sandstone,  in  part  sharp-edged,  are  found  together  with  the  surface- 
ore  on  the  summit,  while  the  upper  part  of  the  hill  generally  seems 
to  consist  of  a  dark-colored  and  ferruginous  sandstone. 

The  hill  is  pretty  steep,  and  nearly  isolated.  The  surface-ore  is 
specular,  in  some  places  pure,  in  others  mixed  with  sand,  and  pass- 
ing into  a  strongly-impregnated  sandstone.  The  pieces  are  all 
rounded,  none  over  head-size,  most  under  fist-size. 

The  two  shafts,  indicated  on  the  annexed  sketch,  were  sunk  to  a 


CHERRY  VALLEY. 
Fig-  39- 

CILKERSON'S    FORD 
ON  GRAND  RIVER,  HENRY  CO 


V!-* 


OLD     COPPER     HILL    BANK 
!•«*.  .V-.-J         SURFACE    ORE 


depth  of  perhaps  20  or  30  feet,  in  loose  sand  and  clay,  mixed  with 
pieces  of  white  sandstone.  They  did  not  reach  any  solid  strata  of 
rock. 


STEELVILLE   ORE-DISTRICT. 

Cherry  Valley  No.  2,  W.  %  S.  E.  ^,  Sec.  4,  T.  37,  R.  3,  W., 
Crawford  County. 

This  bank  is  represented  in  Fig.  27,  and  has  been  mentioned  and 
characterized  in  connection  with,  the  description  of  the  Cherry 
Valley  No.  I  bank,  from  which  it  is  only  ^  mile  distant.  It  con- 
sists of  a  streak  of  large  and  copious,  specular  and  brown  surface- 
ore,  about  20  feet  wide  and  say  200  feet  long,  extending  down  the 
south-western  slope  of  a  hill  into  a  ravine,  and  a  short  distance  up 
the  opposite  slope.  This  bank  has  the  appearance  of  a  disturbed 


152 


IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 


though  undoubtedly  very  valuable  deposit.     Ore  is  found  in  less 
quantity  in  several  other  places  on  the  surrounding  hills. 

Steelville  No.  1,  E.    y2   S.  W.    ^,   Sec.    5,  T.   37,   R.  4,  W., 
Crawford  County,  2  miles  west  of  Steelville. 

Fig.  40. 


WtST 


Ci.*r. 
STEELVILLE      ORE      BANK 


S  ECT.ION   . 


The  above  sketch  gives  a  section  through  this  bank,  which  is 
opened  by  a  large  mining-cut.  As  Fig.  40  shows,  this  bank 
represents  a  typical  example  of  a  disturbed  deposit  of  the  first 
kind.  We  see  here  an  irregular  mass  (S  H)  of  soft,  red  hematite, 
with  bowlders  of  specular  ore  lying  at  the  foot  of  a  hill,  imbedded 
in  loose  materials,  as  white  clay  (Cl),  clay  mixed  with  broken  chert 
(Cl  +  F),  broken  chert  and  sandstone  mixed  (F  +  S),  red,  sandy  loam 
(R  Cl),  and  fine  sandstone-detritus  with  some  broken  chert  (S  D). 
The  red  loam  encloses  large  bowlders  (S)  of  a  fine-grained,  yellow, 
very  hard  sand-rock.  The  position  of  all  these  materials,  including 
the  ore,  makes  it  evident  that  they  must  have  slid  down  the  hill, 
some  simultaneously,  others  at  various  times,  and  must  have  been 
thrown  there  one  over  the  other,  in  irregular  layers. 

Some  of  the  loose  materials  round  the  ore  are  undoubtedly  pro- 
ducts of  the  destruction  of  cherty  sandstone-strata,  in  which  the 
deposit  originally  lay.  It  will  be  noticed  that  the  excavation  made 
by  the  miners  has  nearly  reached  the  solid  sandstone  which  seems 
to  compose  the  hill  and  which  is  likely  to  cut  off  the  ore.  There 
are,  however,  indications  of  specular  and  red  ores  in  other  places, 
which  make  it  probable  that  other  loose  masses  of  ore  have  been 
thrown  down  at  the  foot  of  this  hill  and  buried  under  the  detritus. 


ARNOLD  BANK.  153 

ORE-DISTRICT   ON   THE   UPPER    MERAMEC   RIVER   AND    ITS   TRIBU- 
TARIES. 

Winkler  Bank,  S.  ^,  Sec.  14,  T.  36,  R.  6,  W.,  Phelps  County. 
— This  bank  is  situated  on  the  plateau  between  West  Benton  Creek 
and  Norman  Hollow,  and  spreads  over  three  flat  hills,  lying  in  a 
north-south  line,  somewhat  curved  toward  the  east. 

The  south-eastern  slope  of  the  most  northern  of  the  three  hills 
is  covered  with  good  and  large  surface-ore,  mixed  with  some  broken 
chert.  The  central  hill  shows  scarcely  any  ore  on  the  surface,  but 
frequently  pieces  of  sandstone.  The  southern  hill  is  very  wide  and 
flat,  and  bears  on  its  western  slope  a  very  extensive  streak  of  sur- 
face-ore, about  i, 200  feet  long  and  100  to 400  feet  wide.  Most  of 
this  ore  is  rounded  off,  and  not  very  large,  and  looks  as  if  it  had 
been  drifted.  A  number  of  pieces,  however,  reach  and  exceed 
head-size.  The  ore  at  the  south  end  is  very  hard  and  silicious,  that 
at  the  north  end  is  purer  and  softer. 

This  bank  is  untouched,  and  its  exterior  appearance  does  not  con- 
vey an  exact  idea  of  its  character.  It  is  not  unlikely  that  the  ore 
on  the  northern  hill  forms  a  separate  deposit  from  that  on  the 
southern  hill,  and  that  the  latter  deposit  has  been  more  disturbed 
and  broken,  and  the  ore  scattered  over  a  larger  surface.  From  all 
appearances  the  Winkler  bank  seems  to  contain  considerable  quan- 
tities of  specular  ore. 

Arnold  Bank,  S.  E.  J^,  Sec.  4,  T.  35,  R.  5,  W.,  Dent  County. 
—This  bank  is  not  yet  thoroughly  opened.  But  it  presents  a  very 
similar  appearance  to  that  of  the  Steelville  No.  I,  and  is  un- 
doubtedly a  deposit  which  was  formerly  imbedded  in  sandstone, 
and  fell  or  slid  down  to  the  foot  of  the  hill  simultaneously  with  the 
erosion  of  the  ravine,  near  which  it  lies.  The  hill  itself  is  sand- 
stone, which  has  been  struck  by  a  shaft  sunk  12  feet  deep  near  the 
summit  of  the  hill,  about  50  feet  above  the  ravine.  The  ore  is 
principally  spread  over  a  swelling  of  the  ground,  reaching  from  the 
ravine  about  40  feet  up  the  slope,  in  a  width  of  40  to  5°  feet. 
On  this  ground  large  bowlders  and  smaller  pieces  of  surface-ore, 
mostly  rounded,  are  found,  together  with  pieces  of  white,  yellow, 
and  red  sandstone,  containing  thin  seams  of  specular  ore.  Also 
pieces  of  broken  chert,  and  of  an  impregnated  or  ferruginous  sand- 
stone, are  quite  frequent.  Numerous  bowlders  of  ore  are  deposed 


154 


IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 


in  the  ravine.  The  hill  on  the  other  side  of  the  ravine  is  likewise 
sandstone.  A  ditch  made  at  the  foot  of  the  hill  on  which  the  ore 
is  found  struck  red  clay,  mixed  with  paint-ore  and  with  bowlders 
of  specular  ore.  A  second  shaft,  sunk  12  feet  deep  into  the  slope, 
on  a  place  about  40  feet  above  the  ravine,  passed  through  red,  sandy 
clay,  mixed  with  pieces  of  ferruginous  and  of  white  sandstone,  and 
with  bowlders  of  specular  ore.  The  whole  slope  is  evidently  thick- 
ly covered  with  sandy  detritus,  enclosing  irregular  and  unevenly 
distributed  masses  of  broken  ore. 

Other  banks  of  this  district,  which  are  likely  to  belong  in  this 
category,  are  the  N.  G.  Clark  No.  2,  C.  C.  Cook,  Arthur,  and  St.  L., 
S.  and  L.  R.  R.  banks.  Their  location,  etc.,  is  given  in  the  ore- 
bank  list,  in  Chapter  V. 

SALEM   ORE-DISTRICT. 

Orchard  Bank,  E.  y2  S.  E.  ^  S.  E.  %,  Sec.  13,  T.  34,  R.  6,  W., 
Dent  County,  close  to  Salem. 

Fig.  41. 


^SSSSWfc^S^ 

W-z — -t=^e        ==S£^r 


JAMISON  BANK.  1 5  5 

This  bank  is  remarkable  for  the  large  development  of  sandstone, 
colored  and  impregnated  by  oxides  of  iron,  which  seems  to  com- 
pose the  greater  part  of  the  body  of  the  hill,  as  well  as  for  the  un- 
usual relative  position  of  ore  and  sandstone,  the  former  occupying 
here  an  annular  space  round  the  latter.  These  facts,  together  with 
the  flatness  of  the  hill,  the  height  of  which  is  only  about  30  feet, 
prove  that  this  deposit  has  been  greatly  disturbed.  It  seems  likely 
that  the  ore  lay  originally  on  the  impregnated  sandstone,  and  that 
both  occupied  a  much  higher  level  than  they  do  now.  A  large 
part  of  the  ore  was  broken  into  pieces  varying  from  a  pea  to  head- 
size.  Another  large  part  of  it  has  undoubtedly  been  carried  off. 
How  much  of  the  original  mass  of  the  ore  is  left  in  the  hill,  can 
only  be  ascertained  by  practical  work.  It  may  be  observed  in  this 
locality,  as  in  several  others,  that  the  white  sandstone  gradually 
passes  into  the  yellow  and  into  the  ferruginous  sandstone.  The 
argillaceous  or  calcareous  cement  that  surrounds  the  single  sand- 
grains  is  changed  into  red  clay  and  into  reddish-brown  iron-ore. 
In  other  places,  the  original  cement  is  replaced  by  amorphous 
quartz,  so  that  the  sandstone  takes  the  appearance  of  a  quartzite, 
which  itself  in  places  loses  its  grainy  structure,  passing  into  a  solid 
flint  or  chert. 

It  also  seems  that  under  certain  circumstances  the  sand-grains, 
when  enclosed  in  a  quartzous  or  ferruginous  cement,  have  been 
dissolved  and  removed,  leaving  a  mere  skeleton  of  a  former  sand- 
stone, with  a  cellular  structure.  The  cells  and  irregular  holes 
of  such  masses  have  sometimes  been  filled  up  again,  either  partly 
or  wholly,  by  a  transparent  quartz  of  a  dark  appearance,  or  by 
yellow  jasper. 

Jamison  Bank,  S.  W.  ^,  Sec.  I,  T.  33,  R.  6,  W.,  Dent 
County,  3  miles  south  of  Salem,  on  the  vast  plateau  dividing  the 
waters  of  the  Meramec  from  those  of  the  Current  River. 

This  bank  occupies  the  highest  point  on  a  rather  flat,  semicircu- 
lar hill,  which  lies  round  a  nearly  circular  depression  (sink-hole  ?), 
apparently  filled  with  fine  detritus  of  chert,  sandstone,  and  specular 
ore.  The  surface-geology,  as  given  in  Fig.  42,  is  very  irregular, 
but  nevertheless  seems  to  be  grouped  in  a  general  way  round  that 
part  of  the  summit  and  eastern  slope  over  which  the  largest  and 
most  copious  surface-ore  is  spread.  The  ore  is  specular,  in  part 


156 


IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 
Fig.  42. 


SURFACE   GEOLOGY  or  JAMISON    BANK  . 

pure,  in  part  mixed  with  quartz.  Some  bowlders  are  2  to  3  feet  in 
diameter. 

The  principal  surface-ore  district  is  separated  from  the  ordinary 
light-colored  sandstone  by  a  zone  of  ferruginous  and  clayish  mate- 
rials. 

Another  smaller  district,  with  rounded  surface-ore,  is  seen  about 
600  feet  to  the  north-west,  another  in  a  small  ravine  to  the  south. 
Both  are  probably  drifted  outliers  of  the  main  deposit,  which  lay 
originally  at  a  higher  level,  above  the  present  top  of  the  hill,  per- 
haps a  little  north  of  it. 

I  view  this  bank  in  a  similar  light  as  the  Orchard  bank,  and 
consider  it  as  containing  the  remnants,  perhaps  pretty  large,  yet 
incalculable,  of  a  former  lenticular  deposit  in  sandstone,  which  has 
been  broken,  and  partly  destroyed  and  removed. 


ST.   JAMES  ORE-DISTRICT. 


157 


The  shaft  marked  on  Fig.  42  was  10  feet  deep,  end  September, 
1872,  and  had  not  struck  any  solid  rock,  but  stood  in  a  red,  sandy 
loam,  with  bowlders  of  sandstone  and  of  specular  ore. 

Other  banks  in  the  Salem  district,  and  in  Shannon  County,  which 
may  be  supposed  to  belong  in  the  category  of  more  or  less  dis- 
turbed deposits,  are  the  Barksdale,  Merriam,  Shannon,  and  Cur- 
rent River  banks.  The  locations,  etc.,  are  given  in  Chapter  V. 

ST.    JAMES    ORE-DISTRICT. 

Thornton  Bank,  N.  E.  ^  Sec.  33,  T.  38,  R.  6,  W.,  Phelps 
County.  —  The  situation  and  appearance  of  this  bank  may  be  seen 
from  Fig.  43. 


Fig.  43- 


N  .W. 


B.C. 


S.          WHITE    SANOSTOHE  Cl.+  F      R  ED.  CL  A  Y   W ITH  W  HITE    CMCRT 

6.0.    XELLOW  fc  ftED   SANDY  CLAY         Ct.          WHITE    CLAY 

THORNTON        BANK. 


The  ore  is  soft  red,  with  small  pieces  of  hard  specular.  No 
large  bowlders  have  as  yet  been  found  in  it.  The  character  and 
position  of  the  ore  is  such  that  it  must  be  considered  as  a  bed-like 
or  a  lenticular  deposit,  which  has  been  brought  into  its  present  ver- 
tical position  by  some  exterior  disturbance,  and  then  broken  and 
decomposed.  The  deposit  can  so  far  be  traced  over  a  small  space 
only,  and  is  perhaps  a  removed  portion  of  some  larger  bank.  The 
ore  seems  to  be  associated  with  the  rocks  in  which  it  originally  lay, 
or  at  least  with  their  detritus.  As  the  succession  of  these  rocks  is 
the  same  on  both  sides,  the  supposition  suggests  itself  that  the  cor- 
responding strata  might  come  together  below  the  ore,  and  thus 
constitute  a  pocket,  which  is  crushed  sidewise,  in  the  direction  from 
S.E.  to  N.W.  The  hill  is  Second  Sandstone. 

Santee  and  Clark's  Bank,  S.  W.  %,  Sec.  33,  T.   38,  R.  6,  W. 
Phelps  County. — This  bank  lies  on  a  high  bluff  of  Third  Magnesian 


i58 


IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 


Limestone  and  Second  Sandstone,  on  the  east  side  of  Dry  Fork 
River. 

Several  small  openings  have  disclosed  irregular  masses  of  red  and 
brown  ore,  imbedded  in  layers  of  chert  and  loam. 


Fig.  44. 


MINES 


™    m  -I"'  •J!:*iii-'T'  CHERT  .'LOAM  *  ORE 
""jlli :JIL_II- •'  S5  •' 


JrVTV/.        »"*    SAND6TONE    WITH     LAYERS 


OF    FLINTY    SANDSTONE. 

100'  . 


SANDY    LIMESTONE       *<>    • 
3rA  MAGNESIAN     LIMESTONE 


8ANTEE    *,   CLARK'S     BANK 


The  character  of  this  bank  is  very  indistinct  and  doubtful.  The 
present  digging  may  lead  to  some  larger,  disturbed  bank,  or  it  may 
disclose  a  drifted  deposit.  The  materials  which  surround  the  ore 
are  evidently  of  a  detritic  nature,  and  not  now  in  the  place  where 
they  were  formed. 

Another  deposit  which  might  belong  here  is  the  South  Moun- 
tain (see  Chapter  V.). 

ROLLA   ORE-DISTRICT. 

Kelly  Bank  No.  1,  E.    ^,    Sec.    18,  T.    36,   R.   8,  W.,  Phelps 

County. 

'  Fig.  45- 

SOUTH 


KEUCY.        BANK    .N?l. 


BUCKLAND  BANK. 


159 


This  bank  is  situated  near  the  summit  of  a  hill  composed  of  Second 
Sandstone  in  its  lower  part,  while  no  solid  rock  can  be  seen  higher 
up.  The  bank  itself  has  a  decided  resemblance  to  the  Thornton 
bank,  above  described,  but  it  seems  to  be  more  extensive,  and  con- 
tains larger  masses  of  hard,  specular  ore.  It  differs,  besides,  by  the 
detritic  character  of  the  associated  rocks.  There  is  next  to  the  ore, 
on  each  side,  a  thick  layer  (1-3  feet)  of  white  clay  mixed  with 
broken  chert,  and  outside  of  this  a  mass  of  yellow  sand  and  red 
loam,  irregularly  mixed,  and  free  from  chert.  When  opened  further, 
this  deposit  may  be  found  to  be  a  large  fragment  of  a  disrupted- 
layer  deposit,  or  else  an  original  ore-pocket,  which  has  been  pressed 
and  crushed  sidewise.  The  layers  of  clay  and  chert  are  evidently 
in  their  original  position  relative  to  the  ore,  but  they  are  broken 
and  mixed.  It  is  doubtful  whether  this  statement  could  also  be  ex- 
tended to  the  surrounding  mass  of  sand  and  loam. 

Buckland  Bank,  S.  ^,  Sec.  20,  T.  37,  R.  8,  W.,  Phelps 
County. — This  bank  lies  at  the  foot  of  a  sandstone  hill,  in  the 


crossing  of  two  ravines. 


Fig.    46. 


1 


SCCTiO  N 


B..H. 

s . 


60fT      HIKATITE  Cl.»f.    WHITC    »    YELLOW'  CL»V    * I T  H    CMf«T 

YELLOW    iANOSTONC  Cl.          81ACR     BOlPHUROUfl    CLAY 

<WWWWMW  1 1  M  I T    OF    Cut 


BUCKUAND'S       BANK 

I  give  here  a  section  of  the  mining-cut  made  in  it,  which  presents 
a  very  plain  instance  of  a  disturbed  specular-ore  bank.  This  deposit 
seems  to  be  actually  overturned ;  the  ore,  which  in  regular  deposits 
lies  above  the  clay  and  chert  (Cl  and  F),  is  here  covered  by  the  detritus 
of  these  materials.  On  the  south  side  of  the  cut  we  find  a  mass  of 
black,  tenacious  clay  (Cl)  mixed  with  fragments  of  a  half-triturated, 


160  IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

dark-gray  clay-slate,  and  with  pieces  of  pyrites,  and  impregnated 
with  sulphate  of  iron.  I  have  mentioned  a  somewhat  similar 
sulphurous  mass  as  having  been  found  in  the  James  bank,  near  St. 
James,  below  the  ore  and  below  the  chert  and  clay  beds  that  un- 
derlie it.  It  is  therefore  probable  that  also  in  the  Buckland  bank 
this  mass  lay  below  the  clay  and  chert  and  ore  formerly,  but  that 
the  ore-deposit  was  underwashed  with  the  erosion  of  the  ravines  in 
which  it  is  situated,  and  broken  and  overturned. 

The  proximity  of  the  regular  sandstone  on  all  sides,  as  marked 
on  the  sketch,  shows  that  this  deposit  cannot  extend  horizontally 
much  over  the  limits  of  the  present  cut ;  but  it  may  extend  some- 
what in  the  depth. 

Another  bank  in  this  district,  which  I  shall  mention  in  Chapter 
V.  as  Moselle  No.  10  bank,  seems  also  to  belong  in  this  category  of 
disturbed  deposits. 

d.    DRIFTED   DEPOSITS   OF   SPECULAR   ORE. 

In  the  general  introduction  to  this  Chapter  (IV.),  I  have  given  the 
reasons  which  induce  me  to  add  a  category  of  "  drifted  deposits,"  , 
although  it  is  somewhat  doubtful  whether  such  deposits  really  ex- 
ist. I  understand  by  "  drifted  deposits,"  accumulations  of  loose 
fragments  of  destroyed  or  half-destroyed  ore-banks,  which  frag- 
ments have  been  carried  off  by  water  over  considerable  distances, 
either  alone  or  mixed  with  detritus  of  other  rocks,  and  again  de- 
posited, either  in  more  or  less  regular  beds  or  strata,  alternating 
with  layers  of  other  broken  and  triturated  rocks,  or  irregularly  dis- 
tributed through  large  masses  of  such  detritus.  We  have  therefore 
two  kinds  of  drifted  deposits,  the  stratified  and  the  irregular. 

The  detritus  which  accompanies  such  deposits  always  consists 
of  sand,  sandstone,  chert,  and  red  loam,  of  such  a  character  as  to 
leave  no  doubt  that  the  original  deposits  were  in  the  Silurian  sand- 
stone. 

Specular-ore  banks,  having  the  exterior  habitus  of  drifted  de- 
posits, are  very  numerous  in  the  central  ore-district  of  Missouri.  I 
intend  to  describe  a  few  of  them  in  the  following  lines,  but  as  none 
of  them  is  sufficiently  opened  as  yet  to  allow  a  clear  insight  into 
its  interior  composition,  I  must  leave  to  future  mining  operations  to 
decide  whether  any,  and  how  many,  of  these  banks,  really  are 


FRANKLIN  COUNTY  ORE-DISTRICT.  161 

what  they  externally  look  to  be,  namely,  "  drifted  deposits,"  or 
whether,  on  the  contrary,  the  bowlders  and  pieces  of  ore  visible  at 
present  are  only  outliers  of  either  intact  or  disturbed  deposits, 
which  now  lie  hidden  in  the  ground. 


FRANKLIN   COUNTY   ORE-DISTRICT. 

Blanton  Specular  Bank,  N.  ^  S.  E.  j^,  Sec.  29,  T.  40,  R.  i, 
W. ,  Washington  County.  —  Some  rounded  surface-ore,  mostly 
small,  is  found  on  three  flat  spurs  of  a  low  ridge.  Strata  of  solid 
sandstone  crop  out  at  the  foot  of  these  spurs,  dipping  slightly 
south-west.  The  spurs  point  about  north. 

A  hole,  dug  15  feet  deep  on  the  top  of  the  most  eastern  spur, 
passed  through  drifted,  sandy  detritus,  with  little  ore,  and  then 
struck  a  layer  of  chert. 

This  bank  consists,  according  to  these  observations,  of  a  low 
sandstone-hill,  thickly  covered  with  detritus,  through  which  single 
pieces  of  specular  ore  are  unequally  distributed.  The  presence  of 
larger  and  workable  masses  of  ore  is  not  impossible,  but  is  no- 
where plainly  indicated.  The  ore  itself  is  of  good  quality. 

Primrose  Hill,  S.  W.  ^  N.W.  ^,  Sec.  32,  T.  40,  R.  I,  W.,  Wash- 
ington County. — This  bank  is,  as  far  as  opened  at  present,  of  a 
similar  character  as  the  Blanton  specular  bank.  But  the  prospects  are 
here  better.  The  surface-ore,  mostly  small  and  rounded,  occurs  on 
the  inner  side  of  a  high  horseshoe-shaped  ridge,  enclosing  a  deep 
ravine.  The  spurs  ending  the  curved  ridge  point  north-east. 
Pieces  of  a  hard  sandstone  with  quartz-cement,  and  of  ordinary  soft 
sandstone,  are  also  found  on  the  surface. 

The  ridge  was  investigated  by  three  shafts,  one  on  the  northern 
slope  of  the  western  spur,  the  two  others  on  the  inner  slope  of  the 
central  and  highest  portion  of  the  horseshoe.  Neither  of  these 
shafts  has  reached  the  solid  rock  as  yet.  The  two  upper  shafts  are 
forty  feet  deep,  in  fine,  sandy  detritus,  mixed  with  streaks  and 
irregular  "masses  of  soft,  red  hematite,  and  of  broken  stalactites  of 
half-decomposed  specular  ore,  sometimes  cemented  by  soft  sand- 
stone. 

It  is  not  unlikely  that  workable  masses  of  ore  will  yet  be  met 
with  in  this  vicinity. 
II 


1 62 


IRON- ORES  OF  MISS O URL 


STEELVILLE   ORE-DISTRICT. 

The  Scotia  district  contains  one  bank  that  may  belong  here, 
namely,  the  Bleeding  Hill.  The  Steelville  district  contains  the 
N.  G.  Clark  No.  I,  the  Knox,  the  Sea  and  Marsh,  and  the  Fergu- 
son banks,  all  in  Crawford  County.  The  last-named  bank  is  the 
most  worked,  and  therefore  the  most  interesting  of  them. 

Ferguson  Bank,  Sec.  21,  T.  37,  R.  4,  W.,  Crawford  County. 


Fig-  47- 


NORTH 


SOOTH 


FERGUSON     BANK. 


Fig.  47  gives  an  elevation  of  this  bank,  as  it  now  appears.  A 
flat  northern  hill-slope  shows,  in  several  places  marked  a,  b,  c, 
horizontal  zones  of  larger  and  smaller  specular  ore  on  the  surface. 
These  zones  are  in  some  places  very  distinct,  in  others  less  so. 
They  are  from  four  to  eight  feet  wide,  measured  down  the  slope. 
They  seem  to  run  across  the  slope,  and  to  terminate  on  either  side, 
in  a  ravine.  The  ravine  on  the  western  side  is  the  deepest,  and 
contains  irregular  accumulations  of  rounded  ore.  A  shaft  sunk,  near 
the  highest  point  of  the  slope,  to  a  depth  of  twenty-two  feet,  passed 
through 

6  feet  of  soil  and  red  loam, 

2  feet  of  soft,  red  hematite, 

2  feet  of  red  and  yellow  sandy  clay, 

2  feet  of  soft,  red  hematite,  with  pieces  of  specular  ore, 

2  feet  of  red  clay,  with  pieces  of  sandstone  and  some  chert, 

8  feet  of  large  bowlders  of  specular  ore,  imbedded  in  soft,  red 

hematite, 

below  which  a  layer  of  light-yellow,  clayish  ochre  was  struck.  All 
these  materials  seemed  to  be  in  layers  of  irregular  thickness,  gen- 
erally dipping  into  the  hill. 


ORE-DISTRICT  ON  THE  UPPER  MERAMEC.  163 

An  opening  made  at  the  point  marked  #,  has  cut  through  a 
6-feet  layer  of  white  sand  and  clay  with  bowlders  of  white  sandstone 
dipping  along  the  slope.  Below  this,  layers  of  red  clay  with 
small  ore  were  struck,  dipping  into  the  hill ;  below  these,  and  dip- 
ping in  the  same  direction,  a  i6-inch  layer  of  broken  chert  with 
sandy  clay,  and  2  inches  of  fat,  white  clay  ;  finally,  large  bowl- 
ders of  specular  ore,  softened,  and  altered  into  red  ore  on  the  out- 
side. 

The  above  description  would  indicate  that  a  considerable  por- 
tion of  this  hill  might  be  composed  of  alternate  layers  of  broken  ore 
and  of  detritus  of  rocks. 

ORE-DISTRICT   ON   THE   UPPER   MERAMEC. 

Smith  Banks,  Sec.  26,  T.  36,  R.  6,  W.,  Phelps  County.— The 
three  Smith  banks  are  situated  on  three  very  flat  slopes  or  swellings 
of  the  ground,  all  pointing  south,  and  lying  about  on  an  east-west 
line,  within  a  distance  of  one  half-mile.  The  two  western  banks, 
No.  i  and  No.  2,  are  very  near  together,  and  have  a  very  similar 
appearance.  In  both  of  them  good  specular  ore,  in  very  numerous, 
rounded  pieces,  is  spread  over  a  flat,  triangular  slope,  encompassed  by 
two  small  converging  ravines,  or  water-runs,  which  unite  at  the  lowest 
and  southern  end  of  the  bank.  The  upper,  wider,  and  most  north- 
ern part  of  the  slope,  which  forms  the  base  of  the  triangle,  passes 
into  a  plateau. 

This  triangular  space,  over  which  the  ore  extends,  is  about  250 
feet  wide  at  the  base  and  300  feet  long  in  the  western  or  No.  I 
Smith  bank;  and  it  is  250  feet  wide  at  the  base  and  600  feet  long 
in  the  central  or  No.  2  Smith  bank.  The  ore  of  the  latter  rarely 
exceeds  fist-size,  while  that  of  the  former  is  generally  somewhat 
larger,  and  sometimes  reaches  head-size.  Pieces  of  broken  chert 
and  sandstone  are  found  with  the  ore.  The  No.  I  bank  extends 
12  to  20  feet  over  its  western  ravine  and  up  the  'opposite  slope, 
where  the  ore,  however,  has  a  somewhat  different  character,  being 
mostly  stalactitic,  or  "pipe-ore." 

Three  holes  were  dug,  8  to  10  feet  deep,  on  various  points  of 
the  Smith  bank  No.  I.  They  passed  through  loose  masses  of 
broken  white  sandstone,  sand,  broken  chert,  white  clay,  and  red 
loam,  all  mixed  irregularly,  and  containing  in  places  some  soft,  red 


1 64  IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

hematite  and  some  rounded  specular  ore,  the  latter  principally  con- 
centrated in  the  soil  or  near  the  surface.  I  have  explained  the  pro- 
cess by  which  such  a  concentration  is  effected,  in  my  description  ol 
the  Simmons  Mountain,  in  division  b  of  this  chapter. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  the  now  visible  portions  of  the  two  west- 
ern Smith  banks  have  the  character  of  irregular,  drifted  deposits. 
They  may  contain,  occasionally,  larger  and  workable  accumulations 
of  ore  ;  but  no  one  can  tell  whether  or  where  they  exist. 

The  Smith  bank  No.  3  has  a  different  appearance.  On  the  upper 
part  of  a  flat  slope  a  circular  depression  of  sandstone  is  percep- 
tible, having  a  diameter  of  about  5°  feet,  and  being  marked  by 
annular  outcrops.  Inside  of  these  outcrops  is  a  small  accumula- 
tion of  specular  ore,  in  rounded  pieces,  from  nut-  to  head-size.  This 
description  would  indicate  the  presence  of  an  undisturbed  deposit 
of  the  category  b  ;  but  the  scarcity  of  the  surface-ore,  the  small 
size  of  most  of  it,  the  light  color  of  the  surrounding  sandstone,  the 
absence  of  ferruginous  materials,  the  very  slight  dip  of  the  sand- 
stone-outcrops, and  the  small  diameter  of  the  circular  space  they 
enclose,  all  this  together  makes  me  believe  that  this  bank  was 
formed  by  a  slight  depression  of  the  sandstone,  in  which  depres- 
sion some  drifted  ore  has  found  a  resting-place. 

Fitzwater  Bank,  Sees.  33  and  34,  T.  35,  R.  4,  W.,  Dent 
County. — This  bank  occupies  a  pretty  high  position,  being  about 
four  hundred  feet  above  the  Fitzwater  Creek.  It  lies  on  the  west- 
ern slope  of  a  ridge,  which  is  composed  of  Third  Magnesian  Lime- 
stone, capped  by  Second  Sandstone.  The  ore  seems  to  overlie  the 
latter.  A  sandy  soil,  mixed  with  fine  chert,  and  with  pieces  and 
larger  masses  of  chert,  either  porous  or  dense,  covers  the  surface  of 
the  hills. 

The  ore-bank  is  as  yet  untouched.  Fig.  48  is  a  topographical 
sketch  of  this  locality,  showing  the  manner  of  distribution  of  the 
surface-ore  over  one  large  central  spur,  and  over  the  adjacent  slopes 
of  two  spurs,  north  and  south  of  the  central  one.  The  best  indi- 
cations extend  about  fifteen  hundred  feet  north  and  south,  and 
about  eight  hundred  feet  east  and  west.  Most  of  the  ore  is  below 
the  size  of  the  fist,  and  rounded  off  at  the  corners  and  edges.  In 
some  places,  however,  it  reaches  and  exceeds  the  size  of  the  head. 
This  is  especially  the  case  in  the  ravines,  where  the  most  consider- 
able accumulations  are  found.  Pieces  of  yellow  sandstone,  and 


P17ZWA  TEK  BANK. 
Fia.  48. 


I65 


*~^"i_-i— L*-^*^sVsSvis^S^:§l^ll 


SURFACE        OKC 

FITZWATER      CREEK     BANK 


near  the  northern  ravine,  also,  some  pieces  of  chert-conglomerate, 
cemented  by  yellow  sandstone,  occur  with  the  surface-ore.  No 
ferruginous  rocks  have  been  observed.  The  ore  seems  to  be  most 
abundant  at  a  certain  level  along  the  slopes,  which  level  is  about 
eight  feet  below  the  highest  point  on  the  two  northern  spurs,  which 
are  flat  and  low.  The  southern  spur,  a  part  of  which  only  is  visi- 
ble on  the  sketch,  is  considerably  higher,  and  the  level  of  the  most 
abundant  surface-ore  is  there  much  farther  below  the  highest  point. 
These  observations  indicate  that  there  might  exist  a  thick  and  ex- 
tensive layer  of  drifted  ore,  running  nearly  horizontally  through  all 
three  spurs,  and  covered  by  a  mixed  detritus  of  sandstone,  chert, 
and  ore.  It  is,  however,  obvious  that  such  a  conclusion  cannot  be 
drawn  with  any  degree  of  certainty.  The  character  of  this  bank 
is  not  indicated  with  sufficient  clearness,  by  its  external  appearance, 
to  make  a  reliable  judgment  possible. 

Other  banks  in  this  district,  which  maybe  supposed  to  be  drifted 
deposits,  are  the  Santee,  the  Anderson,  the  Blackwell,  the  Reuben 
Smith,  and  the  Carson  banks,  the  location,  etc.,  of  which  will  be 
given  in  Chapter  V. 


1 66 


IRON-ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 


SALEM    ORE-DISTRICT. 


Hutchins  Creek  Bank,  Sec.  15,  T.  34,  R.  4,  W.,  Dent  County, 
9  miles  east  of  Salem. 


I  him  mi     ,'  (>V^NVS$«SI  i^-rT\\\\^          •§ 


HUTCHINS      CACCK      BANK    . 

The  topographical  sketch,  Fig.  49,  shows  that  this  bank  has 
much  resemblance  to  the  Fitzwater  bank,  and  that  its  character 
is  even  less  pronounced  than  that  of  the  latter.  Good  specular  ore, 
from  nut-size  to  one  foot  diameter,  mostly  rounded,  is  found  in 
four  ravines  on  the  west  and  south  sides  of  a  high  ridge.  Quite 
scarce  and  only  very  small  ore  is  seen  on  the  spurs  between  the 
ravines.  The  ore  in  the  ravines  does  not  reach  a  higher  level  than 
about  30  feet  below  the  top  of  the  ridge.  The  hills  are  covered 
with  soil  and  chert.  Large  and  small  pieces  of  white  sandstone 
are  met  with  on  the  lower  part  of  the  slopes.  I  could  not  find  any 
ferruginous  rocks.  The  district  represented  in  Fig.  40,  and  con- 
taining the  four  ravines  in  which  the  ore  is  principally  concentrated, 
measures  over  one-quarter  of  a  mile  in  each  direction. 

Practical  opening  and  working  only  can  decide  whether  the  ore 
in  the  ravines  has  come  from  a  coherent  deposit  existing  in  the 
ridge,  or  whether  it  is  derived  from  a  drifted  deposit,  and  has  been 
concentrated  in  the  ravines  by  the  gradual  erosion  of  the  latter. 


ROLL  A  DISTRICT.  l6/ 

Other  deposits  in  this  district  are  the  Huzzah,  the  Pittsburgh,  the 
Norris,  the  Hayes,  and  the  Orchard  &  Young  banks.  For  loca- 
tions, etc.,  see  Chapter  V. 

IRON   RIDGE   DISTRICT. 

Iron  Ridge  No.  2,  Sec.  33,  T.  39,  R.  5,  W.,  Crawford  County.— 
A  pretty  extensive  tract  of  slightly  undulating  ground,  y2  mile 
north  of  Iron  Ridge  Station,  on  the  Atl.  and  Pac.  R.  R.,  contains 
in  many  places  indications  of  specular  ore,  and  occasionally  shows 
large  bowlders  of  good  surface-ore.  A  number  of  ditches  were 
made  to  investigate  this  tract,  and  disclosed  irregular  accumula- 
tions, mostly  of  small  extent,  of  rounded  ore  with  red  clay,  of 
white  clay  with  pieces  of  chert,  and  of  impregnated  sandstone. 
This  locality  has  decidedly  the  appearance  of  an  irregular,  drifted 
deposit. 

Other  banks,  supposed  to  be  of  a  drifted  nature,  are,  in  this  dis- 
trict, J.  P.  Card  &  Co.'s,  Senator  Buckland's,  the  Dorey,  the 
Isabella,  and  N.  G.  Clark  &  Co.'s  banks  ;  in  the  St.  James  district 
the  Thompson,  the  A.  C.  L.  No.  I,  the  Railroad  Nos.  I,  2,  3,  the 
Lenox,  the  Hall,  and  the  Seaton  banks.  See  the  ore-bank  list, 
Chapter  V. 

ROLLA   DISTRICT. 

Kelly  Bank  No.  2,  N.  E.  #,  Sec.  21,  T.  37,  R.  8,  W.,  Phelps 
County. — Two  openings  have  been  made,  one  on  the  summit  and 
another  on  the  eastern  slope  of  a  hill  apparently  composed  of  sand- 
stone covered  by  cherty  soil. 

The  lower  opening  shows  a  double  succession  of  layers  of  clay, 
of  broken  chert,  and  of  broken,  ferruginous  sandstone,  dipping  45° 
south-east,  and  below  this  an  irregular  mass  of  soft  hematite,  red 
and  brown,  containing  thin  veins  and  small  pockets  filled  with  crys- 
talline carbonates  of  iron.  These  carbonates  are  also  found  as 
cement  of  broken  chert.  On  the  north  side  of  the  cut  is  a  large 
mass  of  a  loose,  gray  rock,  probably  triturated  calcareous  sandstone. 
This  rock  contains  single  crystals  of  iron  pyrites,  and  also  veins  of 
carbonate  of  iron.  The  latter  is  evidently  formed  after  these 
masses  were  brought  into  their  present  irregular  position. 

The  upper  opening  shows  a  bed  of  bowlders  of  limonite,  some 


1  68  IRON-  ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

1-2  feet  in  diameter,  imbedded  in  red  loam,  without  any  chert.  This 
limonite  is  in  its  general  appearance  more  like  that  found  in  lime- 
stone, and  unlike  the  limonite  formed  by  alteration  of  specular  ore. 

The  Kelly  No.  2  bank  is  evidently  a  locality  which  has  undergone 
several  strong  disturbances  at  various  epochs.  The  materials  met 
with  in  the  lower  cut  especially  may  have  been  broken  up,  drifted, 
deposited,  and  after  that  once  more  disturbed  and  broken. 

Taylor's  Holla  Bank,  S.  W.  ^,  Sec.  15,  T.  37,  R.  8,  W.,Phelps 
County.  —  This  bank  is  situated  a  short  distance  from  the  Kelly 
bank  No.  2.  It  is  less  irregular  in  its  formation,  and  has  more  dis- 
tinctly the  character  of  a  drifted  deposit,  as  may  be  seen  from  the 
section,  Fig.  50. 

Fig.  50. 
ii^2^^^s>^  ~~    *- 

»ANOSTONt        '»'''-*^^fes»2).>_ 
WITH  OKC  ~-^L 

*.     «to  LOAM  wrrH  rurrr 


r> 


sorr  out  WITH  BOULDERS 

Of    SPECULA*  OI\E   |t   TUN 


FINE     CHE«T 

~r 

''TAYLOR'S    ROLLA    BANK 


The  bottom  of  the  cut  consists  of  a  bed  of  finely-broken  chert. 
Above  this  is  a  layer,  3  feet  thick,  of  soft,  red  hematite,  in  part  clay- 
ish,  and  full  of  seams,  specks,  and  irregular  masses  of  spathic  iron- 
ore  (carbonate  of  iron),  and  enclosing  bowlders  and  pieces  of  specu- 
lar ore  and  of  chert.  Above  this  are  5  feet  of  alternate  layers  of 
red,  somewhat  ferruginous  sandstone,  and  of  red  loam  with  broken 
chert.  A  cherty  soil  covers  the  slope. 

Other  perhaps  drifted  deposits  are,  in  this  district,  the  Hyer,  the 
Cold  Spring,  the  Coleman,  the  Piney  Creek,  the  Baird,  the  Hud- 
geons,  the  Camp  Creek,  and  the  Railroad  No.  4  banks  ;  in  the  Gas- 
conade district,  the  Frost,  the  A.  C.  L.  No.  2,  the  Railroad  No. 
5,  the  Morgan,  and  the  James  pipe-ore  banks ;  on  the  lower  Osage 
River,  the  Wimar  Creek,  the  Belans  Creek,  and  the  Linn  Creek 
banks. 


CALL  A  WA  Y  CO  UNTY  DISTRICT.  \  69 

e.  STRATA  OF   RED  HEMATITE.- 

The  red  hematites  of  the  carboniferous  formation,  which  hematites 
I  have  mentioned  in  Chapter  I.  and  described  in  Chapter  II.,  do  not 
occur  as  deposits  with  definite  limits,  lying  as  independent  and  for- 
eign developments  between  or  across  the  regular  stratified  or  un- 
stratified  geological  rocks  ;  but,  unlike  all  other  deposits  of  iron- 
ore  in  Missouri,  they  form  and  compose  in  themselves  regular  geo- 
logical strata. 

These  strata  of  red  hematite,  although  always  in  the  carbonifer- 
ous system,  do  not  seem,  however,  to  occupy  the  same  geological 
horizon  in  all  the  localities  where  they  are  found.  While  occurring 
in  the  so-called  Ferruginous  Sandstone  of  the  subcarboniferous  for- 
mation in  Callaway  and  Cooper  Counties,  and  on  the  Upper  Osage 
River  (in  St.  Clair  and  in  the  south-eastern  corner  of  Henry  County), 
the  strata  discovered  near  Calhoun,  in  Henry  County,  lies,  accord- 
ing to  Mr.  G.  C.  Broadhead's  investigations,  in  the  Lower  Coal- 
measures. 

The  development  of  red  hematite  in  the  Ferruginous  Sandstone 
seems  frequently  to  extend  over  large  areas.  The  sandstone  in 
such  districts  becomes  more  and  more  impregnated  with  iron,  con- 
tains more  and  more  nodules  and  layers  of  pure  ore,  and  finally  en- 
tire strata  of  sandstone,  varying  in  thickness  from  a  few  inches  to 
three  and  more  feet,  are  replaced  by  the  ore. 

None  of  the  deposits  of  this  kind  are  as  yet  sufficiently  opened 
and  worked  to  allow  the  geologist  to  decide  whether  this  ore  was 
formed  directly  after  and  on  the  surface  of  the  underlying  sandstone, 
or  whether  it  was  infiltrated  afterward,  gradually  removing  and  re- 
placing either  beds  of  limestone  in  the  sandstone,  or  beds  of  the 
sandstone  itself,  which  happened  to  be  more  soluble  than  other  lay- 
ers, or  more  liable  to  be  attacked  and  altered  by  the  chalybeate  so- 
lution, at  the  temperature  then  existing. 

CALLAWAY   COUNTY   DISTRICT. 

Old  Digging,  Sec.  22,  T.  45,  R.  10,  W.,  Callaway  County. 

Fig.  51  is  a  sketch  of  this  locality.  The  lower  part  of  the  hills 
seems  to  be  composed  of  subcarboniferous  limestone,  the  upper 
of  ferruginous  sandstone.  Large  and  small  fragments  of  chert  are 
found  all  over  the  surface  of  the  ground.  The  ore  has  been  dis- 


IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

covered  in  two  places,  near  the  top  of  the  hill,  on  both  sides  of  the 
ravine.  On  the  western  hill  a  hole  was  dug  a  number  of  years  ago, 
and  it  is  said  that  many  tons  of  ore  were  taken  out  of  it  and  were 
worked  in  a  charcoal-hearth  in  the  valley. 

Fig.  51. 


Wf [//} 


H 


I. 


mm.  \i ', 

mm\y//i 

a 


$ 


S\H 

^7?/|.tf4^^ 

OLD      DIGGING     BANK 

On  the  east  side  of  the  ravine,  and  rather  close  to  it,  an  outcrop 
is  perceptible,  consisting  of  a  5-inch  stratum  of  solid,  pure,  red 
hematite.  The  place  is  not  opened,  and  the  total  thickness  of  the 
ore  cannot  be  seen. 

As  the  ore  in  both  these  outcrops,  east  and  west  of  the  ravine, 
seems  to  be  in  place,  it  is  probable  that  a  stratum  of  ore  extends 
from  the  one  to  the  other,  and  perhaps  through  the  whole  hill. 

Shaft  Hill,  N.  W.^,  Sec.  4,  T.  45,  R-  10,  W.,  Callaway  County. 
— This  hill,  of  which  I  give  a  geological  section  in  Fig.  52,  is  one 
of  the  most  hopeful  localities,  and  one  whose  structure  is  most 
clearly  seen,  in  this  ore-district.  It  is  now  being  opened  and 
worked.  The  annexed  section  was  made  from  the  indications  per- 
ceptible on  the  surface.  The  strata  seems  to  dip  slightly  north-east. 
The  limestones,  sandstones,  and  conglomerates  are  exposed  in 


RAPH  D  UNN  BANK.  171 

Fig.  52. 


T 


&  .w  . 


SHAFT       H  I  LL    . 


several  places,  forming  high  bluffs.  The  ore  and  the  strata  over- 
lying it  are  not  exposed,  and  have  to  be  judged  from  the  pieces 
found  on  the  surface.  Fragments  of  ore  are  found  at  a  certain 
level  all  round  the  hill.  A  stratum  of  ore  undoubtedly  runs  through 
the  hill,  and  its  thickness  may,  from  the  surface-indications,  be  esti- 
mated as  varying  from  one  to  three  feet.  In  some  places,  however, 
it  seems  to  reach  a  thickness  of  five  feet.  The  hill  is  nearly  round, 
and  has,  at  the  level  of  the  ore-bed,  a  diameter  of  about  800  feet. 

The  ore  occurs  sometimes  in  nodules  or  lenticular  concretions, 
composed  of  several  concentric  layers,  and  apparently  imbedded 
in  loose  sand  ;  sometimes  in  thin  layers,  alternating  with  layers  of 
loose  sand  ;  sometimes  as  thick,  massive  strata. 

A  shaft  was  dug,  ten  years  ago,  on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  hill, 
near  a  deep  ravine,  at  a  level  considerably  below  that  of  the  regular 
ore-bed.  The  shaft  went  eight  feet  deep  through  sand  and  broken 
ore  and  chert.  Larger  masses  of  ore  have  lately  been  discovered 
there.  This  part  of  the  Shaft  Hill  deposit  has  probably  been  dis- 
placed, and  is  only  the  remainder  of  a  portion  of  the  regular  ore- 
stratum  which  was  underwashed  and  partly  destroyed  by  the  erosion 
of  the  ravine. 

Raph  Dunn  Bank,  S.  E.  J^  Sec.  32,  T.  46,  R.  10,  W.,  Callaway 
County. — This  bank  is  situated  close  to  the  Shaft  Hill  bank,  and 
separated  from  the  latter  by  a  deep  ravine.  The  ore-deposit  must 
have  been  originally  a  continuation  of  that  on  Shaft  Hill,  to  judge 
from  the  similarity  of  their  position.  Outcrops  of  the  ore  can  be 


172 


IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 


observed  on  the  east  side  of  the  hill,  near  the  top.  Toward  the 
west  and  north  the  hill  passes  into  a  plateau.  There  is  nothing  to 
indicate  how  far  the  ore  extends  into  this  plateau. 

Bloomfield  Bank,  W.  */2  Sec.  32,  T.  46,  R.  10,  W.,  Callaway 
County. — Good  evidences  of  stratified  red  hematite  occur  on  both 
sides  of  a  little  valley,  adjacent  to  the  village  of  New  Bloomfield. 

Richard  Dunn  Bank,  Sec,  21,  T.  46,  R.  10,  W-  Callaway 
County. 

Fig-  53- 


SURFACE     ORE 
RICHARD     DUNN     BANK 


Strata  of  red  hematite  are  perceptible  three  miles  north  of  New 
Bloomfield,  on  the  road  to  Fulton.  The  ore  crops  out  in  the  road 
for  a  distance  of  about  twelve  feet  down  the  slope.  Sandstone  is 
seen  both  above  and  below  the  ore.  One-quarter  of  a  mile  west, 
on  the  same  slope  and  level,  stratified  ore  has  been  found  immedi- 
ately below  the  soil,  in  digging  graves  in  a  cemetery.  A  connec- 
tion between  those  two  points  cannot  be  traced  at  present. 

Knight  Bank,  Sec.  2,  T.  46,  R.  10,  W.,  Callaway  County. 

A  fine  outcrop  of  dense  and  fine-grained  hematite  is  seen  on  the 
eastern  slope  of  the  northern  low  hill,  as  represented  in  the  sketch, 
Fig.  54.  The  ore  is  over  two  feet  thick,  and  dips  north  about 
twenty  degrees.  It  can  be  seen  only  in  two  places,  about  twenty 
feet  apart.  But  the  ore  seems  to  be  in  place,  and  may  therefore  be 
expected  to  run  through  the  hill.  Due  east  of  this  hill,  small  and 
large  pieces  and  plates  of  ore  are  found  loose  in  the  bed  of  the 
Middle  Auxvasse  Creek,  as  indicated  on  the  sketch. 

The  southern  low  hill  in  Fig.  54  shows,  at  both  its  northern  and 
southern  slopes,  outcrops  of  a  ferruginous  sandstone,  ovQrlaid  by 


UPPER  OS  AGE  DISTRICT. 
Fig-  54- 


173 


SURFACE         ORE 

KNIGHT    S     BANK 


thin  seams  of  red  ore.  These  indications  are,  however,  not  suf- 
ficient to  warrant  the  presence  of  workable  ore  in  this  southern 
hill. 

UPPER  OSAGE  DISTRICT.      . 

Brown  Bank,  Sec.  23,  T.  40,  R.  24,  W.,  Henry  County. — The 
Brown  bank  is  situated  on  the  dividing  ridge  between  Osage  and 
Grand  Rivers.  This  ridge  consists  of  subcarboniferous  rocks.  Red, 
earthy  hematite,  partly  changed  into  brown  and  yellow  limonite,  is 
found  on  the  surface  over  a  very  large  area,  associated  with  ferru- 
ginous sandstone.  The  bank  is  not  opened,  and  the  thickness  and 
extent  cannot  be  estimated  with  any  degree  of  certainty  from  the 
present  appearances. 

Gover  Bank,  Sec.  16,  T.  39,  R.  24,  St.  Clair  County.— Large 
and  small  fragments  of  ferruginous  sandstone,  frequently  very  rich 
in  iron,  together  with  some  brown  arid  red  hematite,  are  spread  over 


1/4  IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

a  zone  several  hundred  feet  wide,  and  about  one-fourth  mile  long, 
across  a  limestone  ridge.  Smeltable  ore  is  not  now  seen  in  large 
quantities  on  the  surface  ;  but  all  the  sandstone  is  so  strongly 
impregnated  with  oxide  of  iron,  as  to  give  hope  that  a  larger  de- 
posit of  ore  may  be  discovered  in  this  locality. 

Collins  Bank,  Sec.  23,  T.  39,  R.  25,  W.,  St.  Clair  County.— 
An  outcrop  of  red,  earthy  hematite,  partly  somewhat  argillaceous, 
extends  over  a  distance  of  200  feet,  along  a  ravine  at  the  foot  of  a 
steep  slope,  on  which  no  rocks  are  perceptible  besides  broken  chert 
above  the  soil. 

Marmaduke  Bank,  Sec.  23,  T.  39,  R.  25,  W.,  St.  Clair  County.— 
Fragments  of  earthy,  red  hematite,  partly  altered  into  a  yellowish- 
brown,  porous  limonite,  are  found  on  the  surface  on  the  summit  of 
a  ridge,  over  an  area  measuring  about  600  feet  across,  and  400 
feet  along  the  ridge.  Some  of  the  ore  is  sandy,  and  passes  into  a 
regular  ferruginous  sandstone  in  places.  No  rock  is  perceptible  on 
the  ridge.  The  soil  is  covered  with  broken  flint,  which  is  mixed 
with  the  fragments  of  ore.  Most  of  the  ore  is  good  and  the  frag- 
ments large  and  sharp-edged,  indicating  the  presence  of  a  strati- 
fied deposit  in  the  sandstone. 

Other  banks,  of  a  similar  character  to  those  just  described,  seem 
to  be,  the  Black  Fork  and  the  Lamine  banks,  both  in  Cooper  County, 
and  the  Parkes  bank,  near  Calhoun,  in  Henry  County.  The  ore  of 
the  last-named  bank  is  in  the  coal-measures,  as  mentioned  above. 
For  the  location,  etc.  of  these  banks,  see  Chapter  V. 

/.    DISTURBED    OR  DRIFTED   DEPOSITS   OF   RED   HEMATITE. 

I  will  describe  under  this  head  a  few  either  drifted,  or  at  least 
greatly  disturbed,  deposits  of  originally  stratified  red  hematite. 
Although  having  at  present  the  appearance  of  such  half-destroyed 
deposits,  they  may  lead  to  the  discovery  of  coherent  banks  when 
they  are  more  closely  investigated. 

Murphy's  Hill,  Sec.  15,  T.  45,  R-  10,  W.,  Callaway  County. - 
This  locality  is  situated  a  short  distance  east  of  the  "  Old  Digging" 
bank,  which  has  been  above  described.  No  ore  is  here  to  be  seen 
in  place,  but  large,  somewhat  rounded  pieces  and  plates  of  red 
ore  are  found  in  two  ravines,  and  were  evidently  washed  down 
from  the  hill.  The  hill  itself  seems  to  be  principally  composed  of 
sandstone.  Large  masses  of  limestone  are,  however,  projecting 


HENDERSON  BANK. 


175 


from  the  lower  part  of  the  slopes,  apparently  between  the  sand- 
stone. 
Henderson  Bank,  Sec.  12,  T.  45,  R.  n,  W.,  Callaway  County. 


Fig-  55- 


jr. 


mmf%% 

&  u  a  r  A  c  c      o  ft  E 
HENDERSON     BANK 

The  sketch,  Fig.  55,  shows  the  occurrences  of  ore  to  be  observed 
at  the  Henderson  bank,  namely,  loose  and  'rounded  surface-ore  in 
several  places  on  the  two  hills,  west  of  the  road  ;  loose  surface-ore 
along  the  road,  on  the  northern  slope  of  the  eastern  hill  ;  a  small 
and  indistinct  outcrop  of  stratified  ore  at  the  foot  of  this  hill,  near 
the  ravine  ;  and  finally,  loose  surface-ore  in  the  ravine. 

The  two  western  hills  are  composed  of  encrinital  limestone,  which 
is  laid  bare  in  several  places,  and  seems  to  reach  the  summits,  and 
to  be  covered  only  by  soil.  This  soil  is  thick  and  copious  on  the 
plateau  on  the  northern  hill,  and  is  there  used  for  agricultural  pur- 
poses. Loose  ore  is  sometimes  thrown  up  by  the  plough  on  this 
plateau.  The  hills  are  about  40  feet  high  above  the  creek.  The 
hill  east  of  the  road  is  thickly  covered  with  a  fine  sandy  soil  and 
by  vegetation,  and  does  not  show  any  evidences  of  rocks.  The 
ore-outcrop  at  the  foot  of  this  hill  dips  slightly  north-west.  The 
ore  is  a  dark-red,  fine-grained  hematite  in  thin  layers,  and  is  asso- 


1 76  IR  ON-  ORES  OF  MISSO  URL 

ciated  with  layers  of  chert.  The  exposure  extends,  however,  over  a 
few  feet  only,  and  is  therefore  too  small  to  allow  a  reliable  judg- 
ment regarding  its  character. 

All  appearances  at  the  Henderson  bank  seem  to  indicate  that 
the  encrinital  limestone  which  composes  the  hills  was  formerly 
covered  by  sandstone-strata,  containing  strata  of  ore,  and  that  this 
sandstone  was  destroyed  and  carried  off,  together  with  portions  of 
the  ore,  while  other  portions  of  the  latter  were  left,  though  in  a 
dilapidated  condition. 

g.    DEPOSITS   OF   LIMONITE   ON   LIMESTONE. 

The  distribution  of  the  limonites  over  the  State  has  been  described 
in  Chapter  II.  All  undisturbed  limonite  deposits  are  found  on  lime- 
stone. The  deposits  along  the  Mississippi  lie  partly  on  the  Upper 
Silurian  shales  and  limestones,  partly  on  the  Second  Magnesian 
Limestone,  according  to  Shumard's  reports.  All  the  other  deposits 
of  limonite  in  the  eastern  ore-region,  as  well' as  those  in  Franklin 
County  and  in  the  central  region,  seem  to  lie  on  the  Third  Magnesian 
Limestone,  as  far  as  their  position  could  be  ascertained.  The  same 
geological  position  is  occupied  by  the  limonites  on  the  Lower  Osage 
and  some  of  those  on  the  Middle  Osage,  while  those  in  the  western 
parts  of  Camden  and  Morgan  Counties,  and  those  in  Benton  County, 
are  on  the  Second  Magnesian,  and  those  on  the  Upper  Osage  on  the 
lower  carboniferous  limestones. 

The  ore  occurs  neither  in  veins,  nor  in  beds,  nor  as  strata, 
nor  in  lenticular  or  other  pockets  of  well-defined  limits  and  regular 
shape.  It  is  deposited  in  irregular  cracks,  pockets,  and  cavities, 
either  on  or  near  the  surface  of  the  various  limestones.  These 
cavities  have  sometimes  very  large  dimensions,  in  depth  as  well  as 
width,  as  will  be  seen  from  the  following  descriptions.  In  other 
instances  they  are  quite  small ;  but  wherever  they  exist,  they  are 
not  single,  but  a  larger  number  of  them  is  generally  found  together 
on  a  comparatively  small  space.  They  are  also  mostly  near  the 
present  surface  of  the  ground,  and  not  covered  by  rock-deposits. 
The  underlying  limestone,  especially  the  Third  Magnesian,  is  often 
sandy,  sometimes  so  much  so  as  to  be  readily  taken  for  a  calcareous 
sandstone.  The  rock  is  more  sandy  and  more  loose  where  it  is  in 
immediate  contact  with  the  deposit,  showing  that  it  has  been  ex- 
posed to  dissolving  agencies. 


FORD  BANK. 


177 


The  ore  is  occasionally  mixed  with  broken  chert.  In  some  lo- 
calities, where  the  banks  are  sufficiently  opened  to  make  observa- 
tions possible  on  this  point,  the  ore  in  the  upper  part  of  the  de- 
posits is  considerably  harder  and  denser  and  richer  than  in  the 
lower  part,  where  it  is  more  inclined  to  be  light,  porous,  ochrey, 
and  clayish. 

This  fact,  and  the  invariably  stalactitic  structure  of  the  ore,  are 
proofs  that  the  solutions  from  which  the  ore  was  deposited  have 
been  infiltrated  from  above.  The  chemical  influence  of  the  carbo- 
nate of  lime  has  undoubtedly  contributed,  in  no  small  extent,  to 
precipitate  and  deposit  the  iron  in  the  form  of  hydrated  oxide. 

SOUTH-EASTERN   LIMONITE-DISTRICT. 

The  limonite  deposits  along  the  Mississippi  River  are  described  in 
Dr.  B.  T.  Shumard's  reports  on  St.  Genevieve,  Perry,  and  Cape 
Girardeau  Counties. 

Ford  Bank,  T.  33,  R.  7,  E.,  one-half  mile  from  Cornwall  Sta- 
tion, on  the  eastern  branch  of  the  Iron  Mountain  Railroad,  in 
Madison  County. — This  bank  is  opened  and  mined,  and  is  one  of 
the  largest  and  most  coherent  limonite  deposits.  The  ore-indica- 
tions on  the  surface  extend  about  1,500  feet  along  a  low,  flat  hill, 
to  a  width  of  about  500  feet.  The  bank  is  mined  in  two  different 
cuts  :  Fig.  56  represents  a  section  through  one  of  them. 

Fig.  56. 


SOOTH 


MAG.NESIAN  LIMESTONE 

FORD    *•    BUELL'S     MINE 


The  limestone,  which  evidently  here  underlies  the  ore,  is  not 

cnuch  uncovered,  but  is  only  visible  in  single,  large,  rounded  masses 
12 


178  I  RON- ORES   OF  MISSOURI. 

of  irregular  shape.  This  limestone  is  so  sandy  and  loose  on  its 
surface  that  it  has  there  the  appearance  of  a  soft,  calcareous  sand- 
stone. 

The  ore  lies  immediately  above  it.  It  is  a  limonite,  which  in 
this  deposit  is  softer  and  less  distinctly  stalactitic  than  in  most  other 
limonite  banks.  It  consists  of  irregularly-mixed  masses  of  yellow 
and  reddish-brown,  porous  ores,  and  of  somewhat  harder,  dark- 
brown,  but  generally  porous  limonite,  frequently  in  botryoidal  and 
mammillary  forms.  The  softer  ore  passes  occasionally  into  a  pure 
yellow  ochre.  The  best,  purest,  and  hardest  ore  is  in  the  upper 
part  of  the  deposit ;  the  softer  and  ochrey  ore  is  found  more  in  the 
lower  part.  But  all  the  ores  are  mingled  irregularly,  without  any 
perceptible  law  or  rule,  and  without  any  sign  of  stratification.  They 
are  in  some  places  clayish,  and  contain  seams  of  brown  and  red  clay. 
The  thickness  of  the  ore  is  very  variable  and  irregular.  It  is  in 
places  only  10  feet  and  less,  and  reaches  in  other  places  30  feet. 

Above  the  ore  is  an  irregular  layer  of  reddish-brown  clay,  fine, 
pure,  and  pretty  uniform  in  color,  so  as  to  be  used  as  paint.  This 
layer  varies  in  thickness  from  a  half-foot  to  1 5  feet.  Above  this  clay 
is  a  layer  of  broken  chert,  2  to  3  inches  thick,  and  above  this  I  to 
5  feet  of  soil,  enclosing  broken  chert  and  surface-ore. 

Deal  Bank,  Sec.  2,  T.  31,  R.  8,  E.,  Bellinger  County. — This 
bank  has  been  opened  somewhat,  and  presents  the  following 
aspect : — 

Fig-  57- 


DEAL'S    one   BANK   « 

We  see  in  Fig.  57  four  successive,  very  irregular  layers,  sloping 
with  the  hill.  The  lowest  is  a  mass  of  solid,  chocolate-brown  limo- 
nite, taking  occasionally  a  bluish  color.  It  is  in  part  mixed  with  yel- 
low ochre,  in  part  with  white  or  yellow,  fine  or  coarse,  broken  chert. 


FRANKLIN  COUNTY  ORE-DISTRICT.  179 

The  layer  above  the  ore  is  red  clay,  with  broken  veins  of  ore 
which  enclose  broken  chert. 

Above  this  is  a  yellow,  sandy  clay,  mixed  with  fine  chert,  and 
interstratified  with  layers  of  this  chert. 

Above  this  is  a  cherty  soil,  with  bowlders  of  good,  hard,  and 
dense  limonite. 

It  may  be  hoped  that  the  ore  in  this  deposit  will  turn  purer 
toward  the  bottom.  This  can  be  ascertained  only  by  actual  prose- 
cution of  the  work,  because  none  of  the  numerous  localities  where 
limonite  occurs,  mixed  with  chert  in  this  manner,  have  as  yet  been 
fully  opened,  so  as  to  give  a  basis  for  general  conclusions  in  this  re- 
spect. It  seems,  however,  not  unlikely  that  the  chert  has  come  into 
the  ore  from  above,  through  the  same  apertures  in  which  the  solu- 
tions came,  and  that  the  chert  has  been  retained  in  the  upper  ore, 
and  that  the  lower  portion  of  it,  therefore,  will  contain  less  of  it. 

Irondale  Banks. — Several  limonite  banks  exist  in  the  vicinity  of 
Irondale,  in  Washington  County.  The  ore  is  there  deposited  in 
numerous  small,  irregular  pockets  on  the  surface  of  the  Third  Mag- 
nesian  Limestone.  Larger  coherent  masses  are  rarely  found. 

Other  undisturbed  limonite  banks  in  the  eastern  ore-district 
are  the  Russell  No.  2,  McLaughlin,  Singer,  Dinger,  Lindsey,  and 
Love  banks  in  Iron  County,  the  Jessie  Lutz  and  Francis  banks  in 
Bellinger  County,  the  Buffum  bank  in  Reynolds  County,  and  the 
Clarkson,  Silvy,  and  Crane  banks  in  Wayne  County.  The  loca- 
tion, etc.  of  these  banks  will  be  given  in  Chapter  IV. 

FRANKLIN   COUNTY   ORE-DISTRICT. 

Moselle  Banks. — The  various  limonite  banks  in  the  vicinity  of 
Moselle  Furnace  seem  to  have  the  same  general  character  as  the 
above-mentioned  Irondale  banks.  Some  of  them,  however,  con- 
tain larger  masses  of  ore,  as,  for  instance,  the 

Bowlen  Bank,  N.  W.^  Sec.  5,  T.  41,  R.  2,  E.,  Franklin 
County. 

We  have  here  the  following  succession  of  rocks,  beginning  with 
the  lowest : — 

1.  Solid  and  uniform  mass  of  pure,  hard,  chocolate-brown  limon- 
ite, porous,  with  small,  equally  distributed  pores  (B  H). 

2.  Clayish  limonite,  with  irregular  masses  of  yellow  ochre,  soft 
and  friable,  and  easily  crushed  into  a  fine,  dry,  yellow  dust  (Cl  +  H). 


i8o 


IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 


Fig.  58. 


EAST, 


BQWUEN        BANK. 


3.  Red  loam,  with  green  and  gray  broken  chert  (R  Cl  +  F). 

4.  Sandstone,  colored  and  impregnated  with  oxides  of  iron,  in 
disturbed  and  broken  layers  (S). 

5.  Dry  soil,  with  some  chert. 

As  no  limestone  has  as  yet  been  struck,  the  ore  will  certainly  ex- 
tend to  a  greater  depth,  and  may  prove  to  form  a  considerable 
coherent  deposit. 

Iron  Hill,  Sec.  17,  T.  42,  R.  I,  E.,  Franklin  County.— The  Iron 
Hill  deposit  seems  to  consist  of  numerous  smaller  cracks  and  cavi- 
ties on  the  surface  of  the  Third  Magnesian  Limestone,  which 
cavities  are  in  part  or  wholly  filled  with  brown  limonite  and  with 
yellow  ochre.  Some  of  these  cavities  have  been  cut  through  by 
the  railroad-line,  three  miles  west  of  Moselle  Station.  The  follow- 
ing illustration,  Fig.  59,  gives  a  section  of  one  of  these  :  — 


Fig-  59- 


EAST 


(ME     STONE. 

JtAILRO«P     TRAGIC. 

IRON     H  I  t-L 

The  Third  Magnesian  Limestone  is  here  thickly  stratified  and 
very  sandy,  especially  in  the  lower  layers,  and  near  the  irregular 
depressions  and  cavities.  The  latter  all  start  from  the  surface  and 


BL ANTON  LIMONITE  BANK.  l8l 

reach  more  or  less  deep  into  the  body  of  the  limestone.  In  the 
deepest  of  these  cavities,  in  Fig.  59,  we  find  deposited  a  loose, 
coarse-grained  and  ferruginous,  thinly-stratified  sandstone,  which 
has  afterward  been  broken  up  again  and  partly  destroyed,  perhaps 
simultaneously  with  the  opening  of  the  crack  in  which  the  cavity 
terminates  at  its  lower  extremity.  The  point  of  this  crack  is  filled 
with  white  clay  and  with  broken,  white  chert  (Cl  +  F).  All  the 
rest  of  the  cavity  is  nearly  filled  with  limonite  (B  H),  in  irregular, 
botryoidal,  and  stalactitic  forms,  mixed  with  yellow  ochre  and  some 
chert.  The  lower  part  is  mostly  ochre  ;  the  higher  portions  are 
harder,  and  form  one  coherent,  porous  mass  of  limonite,  in  places 
mixed  with  heavy-spar.  The  thickest  and  least  porous  forms  of 
the  limonite  enclose  sometimes  a  core  of  pyrites.  An  oblong  space, 
now  filled  with  an  indurated  red  clay  (Cl),  exists  in  the  centre  of 
the  lower  part  of  the  cavity,  and  seems  to  indicate  that  the  ore  has 
been  formed  gradually  from  the  walls  of  the  cavity  toward  the 
centre,  as  well  as  from  the  top  toward  the  bottom.  There  can  be 
no  doubt  that  the  infiltration  has  taken  place  from  above. 

Blanton  Limonite  Bank,  S.  ^  S.  W.  %  Sec.  29,  T.  40,  R.  i, 
W. ,  Washington  County,  on  the  southern  slope  of  the  Blanton 
Hills. 

Fig.  60. 


SOUTH 


BLANTON      LIMONITE 


This  bank  is  not  opened.  The  ore  seems  to  lie  on  the  limestone 
and  beneath  the  sandstone.  The  surface-ore  occurs  in  pieces  and 
large  bowlders,  and  can  be  traced  about  150  feet  down  the  slope 
and  60  feet  along  the  slope. 


182 


IRON- ORES   OF  MISSOURI. 


CENTRAL   ORE-REGION. 

Steelville  No.  2  Bank,  E.  %  S.  W.  ^,  Sec.  5,  T.  37,  R.  4,  W., 
Crawford  County. — This  is  a  limonite  bank,  situated  but  a  few 
hundred  feet  north  of  the  Steelville  No.  I  bank  of  specular  and  red 
ore. 

This  limonite  bank  presents  a  very  fine  show  of  large  surface-ore 
on  the  eastern  slope  of  a  sandstone  hill,  near  its  foot.  A  brown, 
impregnated  sandstone  is  found  above  the  ore  on  the  same  slope, 
passing  into  a  white  sandstone,  which  forms  the  summit.  It  is  not 
now  to  be  seen  what  rock  underlies  the  ore,  because  the  latter 
descends  to  the  foot  of  the  hill  and  into  the  valley.  The 'surface, 
over  which  the  ore  is  spread,  is  about  400  feet  long  and  30  to  40 
feet  wide.  A  narrow  belt  of  breccia  of  gray  and  green  chert,  ce- 
mented by  an  indurated  clay,  encircles  the  ore  above,  and  separates 
it  from  the  sandstone.  Some  soft,  red  ore  has  been  found  close  to 
the  bank  north  of  it.  These  facts  would  indicate  that  this  might 
be  a  transformed  specular-ore  deposit  ;  but  the  absence  of  all 
specular  ore  and  the  mineralogical  character  of  the  limonite  make  it 
more  probable  that  it  will  prove  to  be  an  original  limonite  deposit 
on  the  Third  Magnesian  Limestone. 

Wilkerson  Bank,  Sec.  34,  T.  36,  R.  4,  W.,  Crawford  County. 

Fig.  61. 


WIUKCAtON  SANK. 


ORE-REGION  ON  THE   OS  AGE  RIVER. 


183 


As  Fig.  61  shows,  this  bank  exhibits  a  considerable  quantity  of 
surface-ore,  in  bowlders  from  one-half  to  two  feet  in  diameter,  lying 
in  a  curved  line  along  the  north-western  slope  of  two  hills,  15  to  20 
feet  below  the  summit,  and  being  also  concentrated  in  the  ravine 
which  separates  the  two  hills.  No  distinct  outcrop  of  rock  can  be 
seen.  Pieces  of  chert  are  mixed  with  the  surface-ore,  and  occa- 
sionally some  sandstone  on  the  southern,  and  single  pieces  of  lime- 
stone on  the  northern,  hill. 

Other  banks  of  limonite  on  limestone  exist  on  Crooked  Creek,  and 
in  several  localities  along  the  Gasconade  River,  also  in  numerous 
places  in  the  southern  part  of  the  State.  Many  of  these  banks 
will  be  found  in  the  list  in  Chapter  V.  of  this  report. 

ORE-REGION  ON   THE   OSAGE   RIVER. 

The  most  important  limonite  region  in  Missouri  is  on  the  Osage 
River.  The  banks  on  the  Lower  Osage,  in  Miller  County,  seem 
to  be  mostly  disturbed,  and  do  not  therefore  belong  in  our  cate- 
gory £•/  but  very  numerous  banks  of  this  character  exist  on  the 
Middle  and  Upper  Osage  Rivers,  some  of  which  I  will  now  describe. 

Furnace  Bank,  on  Boulinger  Creek,  Sec.  4,  T.  39,  R.  18,  W., 
Camden  County. 

Fig.  62. 


BOUU 


CRCEK 


BOULINGER   CREEK   BANK. 


1 84  IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

Fig.  62  is  a  topographical  sketch,  on  a  very  small  scale,  showing 
the  extent  of  the  surface-ore,  the  three  openings,  a,  b,  c,  made  into 
the  deposit  by  the  miner,  and  the  position  of  the  blast-furnace, 
which  has  been  erected  near  the  foot  of  the  main  hill,  to  smelt  the 
ore.  The  distance  between  a  and  c  is  about  one-quarter  of  a  mile. 
The  openings  a  and  b,  out  of  which  a  considerable  quantity 
of  good  limonite  has  been  taken  already,  have  shown  that  the  ore 
lies  on  the  irregular  surface  of  the  Third  Magnesian  Limestone, 
which  composes  the  main  body  of  the  hill.  This  limestone  is  very 
sandy  near  the  ore,  and  has  there  the  appearance  of  a  loose,  calcareous 
sandstone.  The  ore  seems  to  form  in  some  places  a  layer  of  irreg- 
ular thickness  on  the  limestone,  and,  besides,  to  fill  all  the  pockets 
and  cavities  on  the  latter.  One  such  cavity,  which  has  been  struck 
in  the  opening  «,  has  been  mined  to  a  depth  of  12  feet  in  the  solid 
and  pure  ore  without  reaching  the  bottom. 

White  Bank,  S.  E.  ^  Sec.  7,  T.  39,  R.  i8,W.,  Camden  County. 
— The  White  bank,  which  has  been  opened  by  a  tunnel  and  a  shaft, 
has  a  great  resemblance  in  its  general  character  to  the  Furnace 
bank.  The  layer  of  ore  on  the  limestone  continues  here  pretty 
steadily  some  distance  into  the  hill  ;  but  larger  cavities  filled  with 
ore  have  not  been  met  with,  so  far.  The  following  section,  Fig.  63, 
will  give  an  idea  of  the  position  of  the  ore  as  seen  at  present  :— 

Fig.  63. 


L  is  the  regular  Third  Magnesian  Limestone. 

D  L  is  a  layer  of  decomposed  limestone,  presenting  the  appear- 
ance of  a  loose,  calcareous  sandstone  ;  thickness  varies  from  2  to 
30  inches. 

Ore.     Above  this  rock  is  a  bed  of  limonite,  I  to  4  feet  thick,  soft 


WIGWAM  SANK. 


I85 


and  earthy,  enclosing"  irregular  masses  of  hard,  solid  ore  of  more  or 
less  stalactitic  structure. 

Cl.  Dark-red  to  brown,  strongly  ferruginous  clay  or  loam,  y2  to 
2  feet. 

Cl-fF.  White  and  green  clay  in  thin  and  irregular  layers,  with 
sand  and  chert,  I  to  3  feet. 

F.   Layer  of  white  chert,  I  to  3  inches. 

S.  D.  Layers  of  yellow  sand  and  variegated  clays  and  loams,  with 
more  or  less  broken  strata  of  sandstone. 

Palm  Bank,  on  Dry  Creek,  N.  W.  ^  Sec.  12,  T.  40,  R.  19,  W., 
Morgan  County. 


OUC    OUTCROP 

PALM     BANK    ON     DR\   CREEK 

We  have  here  a  distinct  outcrop  of  ore  in  the  ravine  upon  the 
western  slope  of  the  hill,  close  to  the  foot.  The  ore  is  a  limonite  of 
good  quality,  about  4  feet  in  thickness,  and  seems  to  be  in  place. 
Around  the  outcrop,  within  a  radius  of  30  feet,  is  a  large  amount  of 
surface-ore,  which  extends  in  smaller  quantities  to  a  distance  of  50 
or  60  feet  up  the  slope.  The  soil  on  the  hill  is  mixed  with  chert. 
No  other  rocks  are  visible. 

Wigwam  Bank,  Sec.  10,  T.  40,  R.  19,  W.,  Morgan  County.— 
The  ore  is  a  limonite,  which  is  very  largely  mixed  with  chert,  so 
much  so  as  to  form  a  breccia  in  some  cases.  There  are,  however, 
portions  of  it  which  are  pure.  It  is  found  on  the  western  slope  of 


1 86  IR  ON-  ORES  OF  M1SSO  URL 

a  cherty  hill,  the  lower  part  of  which  seems  to  consist  of  a  sandy, 
magnesian  limestone.  The  ore  extends  about  1,000  feet  along  the 
slope  and  60  feet  vertically.  Some  sandstone  is  found  on  the  sur- 
face of  the  upper  part  of  the  hill,  a  short  distance  from  the  ore  and 
apparently  above  it. 

Gout's  Bank,  on  Flat  Rock  Branch,  Sec.  14,  T.  40,  R.  19,  W., 
Morgan  County. — The  ore  lies  on  the  east  slope  of  a  hill  in  a  zone 
about  30  feet  wide,  extending  150  feet  down  the  hill-side.  It  is  a 
limonite,  massive,  but  frequently  mixed  with  fine,  broken  chert.  A 
large  amount  of  broken  chert  is  seen  on  the  surface,  but  there  is  no 
rock  exposed. 

Walker  Bank,  Sec.  36,  T.  41,  R.  20,  W.,  Benton  County,  is 
situated  at  the  top  of  a  high,  cherty  hill,  over  which  single  pieces  of 
ore  are  widely  scattered.  The  outcrop  of  ore  is  circular,  about  20 
feet  in  diameter,  and  consists  of  large  bowlders,  some  of  which  are 
several  feet  in  diameter.  The  ore  is  a  limonite  of  good  quality. 

Gun  Bank,  Sec.  33,  T.  40,  R.  20,  W.,  Benton  County. — Here  a 
large  amount  of  surface-ore  is  scattered  for  a  distance  of  50  feet 
vertically  and  500  feet  along  the  northern  slope  of  a  low,  flat  hill. 
Two  test-pits  have  been  sunk  and  numerous  drill-holes,  all  of  which 
struck  the  ore  at  a  depth  from  4  to  6  feet  below  the  surface. 

The  ore  is  a  good-quality  limonite,  and  the  bank  is  one  of  the 
most  promising  in  this  region. . 

Rich-woods  Bank,  Sees.  3  and  4,  T.  39,  R.  22,  W.,  Benton 
County. — Here  the  ore  lies  upon  the  western  slope,  in  a  belt  about 
30  feet  wide,  and  extending  some  200  feet  up  the  hill. 

Above  the  ore  is  a  yellow  sandstone.  The  rock  below  is  cov- 
ered by  soil,  but  at  the  foot  of  the  same  hill,  a  few  hundred  yards 
distant,  is  an  outcrop  of  limestone,  probably  the  Third  Magnesian. 

Indian  Creek  Bank,  Sec.  26,  T.  42,  R.  21,  W.,  Benton  County. 
— The  hill  on  which  the  ore  is  found  is  about  100  feet  high.  At  the 
base,  and  extending  probably  20  feet  vertically,  is  a  horizontal  lime- 
stone, probably  the  Third  Magnesian. 

Above  this,  on  the  western  slope,  the  surface  is  covered  with 
chert  and  pieces  of  limonite-ore.  At  one  place  is  a  large  bowlder 
of  many  tons'  weight.  It  is  partly  formed  of  fine  pipe-ore  broken, 
and  the  pieces  cemented  again  by  ore.  Other  pipe-ore  is  mixed  with 
the  soil  near  by.  Some  surface-ore,  though  scarce,  is  found  higher 
up  on  the  southern  slope,  and  on  the  top  of  the  hill. 


COPPER  BANK. 


I87 


Sandstone  probably  forms  the  top  of  the  hill  above  the  limestone  ; 
the  ore  will  be  found,  not  forming  a  coherent  deposit,  but  only 
larger  or  smaller  accumulations  in  the  cavities  on  the  limestone. 

Fig.  65. 


CHERT 
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JNDJA'N 


6ANK 


Elm  Hollow  Bank,  Sec.  36,  T.  41,  R.  22,  W.,  Benton  County. 

—The  ore  at  this  place  lies  upon  the  northern  slope  of  a  hill,  over 

a  surface  perhaps  50  by  100  feet.     It  consists  of  numerous  pieces, 

varying  in  size,  not  rounded.     Chert  is   scattered   over  the  whole 

Fig.  66. 


ELM    HOLLOW    BANK 


hill,  and  near  the  top,  above  the  ore,  occur  pieces  of  sandstone. 
There  is  a  probability  of  this  being  a  coherent  deposit.  In  some 
of  the  larger  pieces  of  the  ore  a  core  of  pyrites  was  found. 

Copper  Bank,  Sec.  27,  T.  39,  R.  24,  W.,  St.  Clair  County. 

This  bank  is  upon  the  north-west  slope  of  a  hill  into  which  a  shaft 
has  been  sunk  to  a  depth  of  72  feet,  in  search  of  copper. 

The  shaft  is  in  a  whitish  limestone,  probably  the  encrinital,  and 
follows  a  crevice  which  is  filled  with  a  soft,  earthy  limonite.  The 
course  of  this  crevice  is  north-east  and  south-west. 

At  the  mouth  of  the  shaft,  stratified  ore  appears  several  feet  thick, 
and  above  this  is  an  outcrop  of  ferruginous  sandstone. 


i88 


IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 


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5.E. 


N.W. 


YCUUOW 


COPPER    BANK 


Sheldon  Bank,  Sec.  8,  T.  38,  R.  24,  W. ,  St.  Clair  County. — 
This  hill  seems  to  consist  of  a  coarse-grained,  semicrystalline,  gray 
limestone,  filled  with  encrinites,  which  crop  out  over  the  slope  to 
a  height  of  80  feet.  Higher  up  pieces  of  ferruginous  sandstone  are 


Fig.  68. 


S  H  E  LD  O  N^S         BANK 


found  scattered.  The  principal  part  of  the  ore  is  in  bowlders,  from 
one  to  three  feet  diameter,  lying  in  the  midst  of  large  limestone 
outcrops.  It  is  also  found  in  smaller  pieces  higher  up  in  the  region 
of  the  sandstone.  On  the  lower  part  of  the  slope  the  ore  is  solid 


MATTHEWS  MOUNTAIN^  \  189 

limonite,  somewhat  argillaceous  and  ochrey,  and  inclined  to  stalac- 
titic  forms. 

Higher  up  the  hill  it  becomes  more  sandy.  The  hill  north  of 
this  is  150  feet  high,  of  the  same  geological  formation,  and  shows 
some  surface-ore  on  its  southern  slope. 

This  bank  is  one  of  the  most  promising  in  this  region. 

Greenwell  Bank,  Sec.  15,  T.  39,  R.  25,. W.,  St.  Clair  County. 
—The  ore  occurs  scattered  70  feet  along  and  40  feet  down  the 
slope  of  a  low,  flat  hill,  which  is  covered  with  broken  flint  and  large 
bowlders  of  crystalline,  gray  limestone.     Part  of  the  ore  is  hard  and 
solid,  and  part  is  argillaceous. 

Besides  these  already  described,  the  Laclede,  the  Big  and  Little 
Manqua,  the  Carl,  Newman,  Turkey  Creek,  Brown,  Cover,  Collins 
banks,  and  many  others  in  this  Osage  region,  belong  to  this  class  of 
ore-deposits. 

k.    DISTURBED   OR   DRIFTED   DEPOSITS   OF   LIMONITE. 

Some  of  the  limonite  deposits  seem  to  have  been  disturbed  from 
their  position,  others  partly  destroyed,  broken  up,  and  re-deposited. 
We  find,  therefore,  some  apparently  on  the  sandstone,  others  as 
drifted  ore  imbedded  in  the  soil,  subsoil,  or  in  other  destroyed  and 
drifted  materials.  Few  of  these  deposits  are,  however,  as  yet  suf- 
ficiently opened  to  allow  a  reliable  judgment  regarding  their  char- 
acter. 

Matthews  Mountain,  Sec.  3,  T.  32,  R.  6,  E.,  Madison  County. 
—The  prevalent  rock  here  is  limestone,  with  cherty  soil,  but  por- 
phyry-hills are  abundant.  The  porphyry  is  brown  or  reddish 
brown,  with  crystals  of  a  transparent  feldspar.  Matthews  Moun- 
tain is  a  high,  steep  hill,  seemingly  composed  of  this  porphyry, 
although  the  rock-mass  is  covered  with  a  thick  layer  of  porphyritic 
detritus,  with  large,  sharp-cornered  pieces  of  porphyry.  These  are 
mixed  with  pieces  and  large,  rounded  bowlders  of  dense  limonite. 
Near  by,  some  test-pits  have  been  sunk  to  a  depth  of  5  to  10  feet, 
in  which  large  bowlders  of  ore  were  found  mixed  with  the  detritus, 
but  the  solid  rock  was  not  reached. 

As  no  deposits  of  limonite  are  known  to  occur  in  porphyry,  it 
has  probably  in  this  case  been  drifted  into  the  detritus,  from  some 
limestone  which  has  been  eroded  or  washed  away. 


190  IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 

Poblick's  Bank,  Sees.  23  and  24,  T.  32,  R.  8,  E.,  Bellinger 
County. — The  ore  is  a  hard  limonite,  occurring  imbedded  with 
white  flint  and  pieces  of  sandstone  in  the  soil  and  subsoil  on  the 
southern  slope  of  a  high  and  steep  hill.  No  limestone  is  seen  in 
this  vicinity.  The  geology  of  this  locality  is  the  same  as  at  the 
Oilman,  Turkey  Hill,  and  Murdoch  banks,  hereafter  to  be  described. 
The  surface  seems  to  consist  of  irregular,  unconformable,  and  in- 
distinctly stratified  red  and  yellow  clays,  mixed  with  sand  and 
chert,  and  with  pieces  of  sandstone  originating  from  destroyed 
strata.  This  formation,  which  has  evidently  a  secondary  character, 
and  looks  as  if  deposited  by  greatly  agitated  waters,  probably 
rests  upon  the  top  of  the  magnesian  limestone,  which  can  be  seen 
directly,  in  a  few  localities,  only  in  some  of  the  deepest  ravines. 
The  soil  covering  this  formation  is  itself  clayish,  but  mixed  with 
fine  and  coarse  chert  as  well  as  with  large  pieces  of  flint,  and  often 
with  pieces  of  limonite.  This  surface-ore  seems  in  some  places 
to  have  no  connection  with  coherent  deposits,  while  in  others  it 
has  led  to  the  discovery  of  more  substantial  deposits  of  irregular 
shape. 

Gilman  Bank,  N.  W.  %  Sec.  I,  T.  31,  R.  8,  E.,  Bellinger 
County. — At  this  place  the  soil  is  covered  by,  and  encloses,  a  large 
quantity  of  white  chert,  mixed  with  fragments  of  a  white  sand- 
stone. The  Third  Magnesian  Limestone  is  seen  cropping  out  in 
the  bed  of  Crooked  Creek,  a  half-mile  from  the  ore-bank. 

The  mass  of  ore  is  of  lenticular  shape,  and  lies  imbedded  in  yellow 
clay,  mixed  with  fine,  white  chert.  The  ore  is  broken  and  frac- 
tured into  pieces  and  block~s,  which  have,  however,  sharp  corners 
and  edges,  and  are  so  disposed  as  to  indicate  that  they  must  have 
been  at  one  time  parts  of  the  same  coherent  deposit,  and  have 
been  broken  apart  by  irregular  shrinkage,  or  by  movements  of  the 
surrounding  masses. 

Beds  and  layers  of  solid  flint,  which  occur  in  the  ore  and  clay, 
are  also  broken  and  fractured  in  a  similar  manner. 

Turkey  Hill,  N.  W.  ^  Sec.  32,  T.  31,  R.  10,  E.,  Bellinger 
County. — The  ore  here  is  found  at  the  foot  of  a  steep  hill  near  the 
bottom  of  a  ravine.  It  consists  of  bowlders,  large  and  small,  of 
a  generally  pure,  dark-colored  limonite,  which  are  imbedded  and 
irregularly  distributed  in  a  yellow,  marly  clay,  containing  much 
white  chert  and  flint. 


CARPENTER  BANK.  19 1 

A  tunnel  has  been  run  about  20  feet  into  the  hill,  through  clay 
containing  ore-bowlders,  without  reaching  the  solid  rock. 

Murdoch  Bank,  Sec.  16,  T.  30,  R.  9,  E.,  Bellinger  County. — 
The  ore  of  this  bank  is  found  scattered  thinly  over  a  surface  of  2  to 
3  acres  on  the  top  of  a  flat  hill,  and  extending  somewhat  down  the 
western  slope.  Near  the  top,  the  ore  is  impure,  being  mixed  with 
a  breccia  of  flint,  the  ore  serving  as  the  cement.  On  the  slope  it 
grows  purer,  but  scarcer.  There  has  been  considerable  prospecting 
done  here,  by  scattered  diggings  and  a  shaft,  but  without  disclosing 
anything  but  clay  and  chert. 

Other  banks,  probably  belonging  to  this  class,  in  the  eastern 
ore-region,  are  the  Collins,  Leeds  Hill,  Creder,  Orth  &  Livering, 
Baker,  and  Lutz. 

FRANKLIN   COUNTY   ORE-DISTRICT. 

Stanton  Hill  Bank,  S.  W.j^  of  N.  E.  %,  Sec.  36,  T.  41,  R.  2,  W., 
Franklin  County,  is  a  circular  depression  of  about  50  feet  diameter, 
in  a  dark-colored  sandstone  which  crops  out  all  round,  and  toward 
the  centre  grows  very  ferruginous,  where  it  has  almost  the  appearance 
of  crystalline,  specular  ore.  The  only  pure  ore  found  is  a  limonite. 
The  lines  of  the  strata  in  the  sandstone  are  very  much  distorted, 
and  its  whole  appearance  indicates  a  disturbance  from  its  original 
position. 

OSAGE   RIVER   ORE-REGION. 

In  the  Osage  River  ore-region  there  are  very  few  deposits  of 
class  h,  but  of  these  the  Carpenter  and  Grissom  banks  are  the  most 
important. 

Carpenter  Bank,  Sec.  12,  T.  46,  R.  21,  W.,  Benton  County. 

Fig.  69. 


L.   Sandy  limestone. 

C  L.   Ferruginous,  reddish-brown  loam. 

C  L+F.   Clayish  sand,  with  one  distinct  half-inch  layer  of  fine,  white  chert. 


192 


IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 


The  ore  covers  the  surface  for  but  a  small  area,  of  perhaps  20 
feet  diameter,  but  is  found  scattered  in  less  quantity  in  various 
other  places  on  the  same  flat  hill. 

There  is  no  ore  in  the  strata  of  the  cut ;  it  is  only  found  in  the 
soil  covering  the  strata,  having  been  drifted  there  ;  but  it  may  pos- 
sibly be  only  an  outlier  of  some  deposit  higher  up  the  hill. 

G-rissom  Bank,  on  Turkey  Creek,  Sec.  28,  T.  46,  R.  21,  W., 
Benton  County. 

Fig.  70. 


The  ore  lies  upon  the  western  slope  of  a  hill  1 50  feet  high.  At 
the  foot,  limestone  is  seen  in  position  to  a  height  of  about  i6feet. 
Above  this  the  mass  &f  the  hill  seems  to  .be  of  sandstone,  covered 
with  pieces  of  sharp-cornered  flint.  The  ore  is  in  large  pieces  of 
irregular  shape,  very  porous,  partly  of  stalactitic  fracture.  Some 
of  it  is  sulphurous.  A  singular  feature  of  this  bank  is  the  appear- 
ance of  the  ore  in  large  quantity  and  exclusively  above  the  sand- 
stone outcrops.  From  this  feature  some  disturbance  was  inferred. 
The  Sample  and  Tuscumbia  banks  are  the  only  others  of  class  h  in 
this  region  having  come  to  my  knowledge. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

THE  IRON-ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 
BY   ADOLF   SCHMIDT,    PH.    D. 

D.  List  of  Deposits  of  Iron-ore  in  Missouri. — Explanation  of  the 
Signs  used  in  the  List  of  Deposits  of  Iron- ore  in  Missouri. 

THE  following  list  contains  all  the  deposits  of  iron-ore  in  Mis- 
souri which  have  come  to  my  knowledge.  As  this  list  has  been 
made  principally  for  commercial  and  industrial  purposes,  the  de- 
posits were  arranged  according  to  their  position  along  the  various 
routes  of  transport,  railroads  or  navigable  rivers,  over  which  the 
ores  would  have  to  be  carried  to  their  respective  markets,  or  to 
those  places  where  they  may  be  used  directly  in  the  manufacture 
of  iron. 

They  were  arranged  as  follows  : — 

Deposits  along  the  Mississippi  River Nos.  I  to      6 

Iron  Mountain  R.  R "  7  to    56 

Atlantic  &  Pacific  R.  R.  east  of 

Cuba "  57  to    76 

St.  Louis,  Salem  &  Little  Rock 

R.  R "  77  to  125 

"        Atlantic  &  Pacific  R.  R.  west 

of  Cuba "  12610181 

Missouri  Pacific  R.  R "  182  to  198 

"        Osage  River "  199  to  273 

in  other  parts  of  the  State "  274  to  278 

The  following  columns  are  used  in  the  list : — 
Column  I.   Consecutive  Numbers. 

Column  2.  Name  of  deposits,  or  "banks."      These  names  are 
13 


1 94  IR  ON-  ORES  OF  MISSO  URL 

taken  either  from  the  present  or  former  owners,  or  from  the  lessees, 
or  from  people  who  live  in  the  neighborhood,  or  from  creeks,  towns, 
or  counties,  or  from  other  objects  or  circumstances  having  some 
connection  with  these  ore-banks. 

Column  3.  Location  of  deposits,  giving  the  township,  range,  and 
section.  These  were  mostly  obtained  from  the  owners  or  lessees 
of  the  banks  to  which  they  refer. 

Column  4.   Counties  in  which  the  banks  are  situated. 

Column  5.  Names  of  the  owners  or  lessees,  or  both. 

Column  6.  Probable  character  of  deposit.  The  signs  used  in 
this  column  refer  to  the  division  of  iron-ore  banks,  as  given  and 
explained  under  I.  C.  of  the  present  report,  in  brief  thus  : — 

a.  Deposits  of  specular  ore  in  porphyry. 

b.  Deposits  of  specular  ore  in  sandstone. 
r.    Disturbed  deposits  of  specular  ore. 

d.  Drifted  deposits  of  specular  ore. 

e.  Strata  of  red  hematite. 

f.  Disturbed  or  drifted  deposits  of  red  hematite. 

g.  Deposits  of  limonite  on  limestone. 

h.  Disturbed  or  drifted  deposits  of  limonite. 

Ore-banks  which  were  not  visited  by  members  of  the  Survey 
have  no  sign  in  the  6th  column. 

Column  7.  Probable  size  of  deposit.  As  mentioned  under  I.  A. 
of  the  present  report,  I  have  divided  the  various  ore-banks  in  five 
sizes,  according  to  the  number  of  tons  of  workable  ore  they  are 
supposed  to  contain,  from  their  appearance  and  condition  in  sum- 
mer, 1872.  These  sizes  are  : — 

1.  Estimated  at  less  than          20,000  tons. 

2.  "  20,000  to      100,000  " 

3.  "  100,000  to      500,000  " 

4.  "  500,000  to  2,000,000  " 

5.  "  more  than  2,000,000  " 

Column  8.  Character  of  the  ore.  This  column  is  required, 
because  the  6th  column  cannot  be  filled  for  all  the  banks,  and 
because  many  banks,  though  having,  for  instance,  the  general  char- 
acter of  specular-ore  deposits,  contain  also  red  hematites  or  limo- 
nites,  produced  in  the  course  of  time  by  altering  influences. 


DEPOSITS  OF  IRON- ORES.  195 

Column  g.  Distances  from  the  nearest  railroads  or  navigable 
rivers.  I  have  considered  this  column  indispensable,  because  the 
immediate  industrial  importance  of  the  various  banks  depends  in  a 
great  measure  on  their  accessibility,  and  on  their  distances  from  the 
routes  of  transport.  This  column  is  less  important  for  some  de- 
posits which  are  directly  connected  with  iron-works. 


196 


IRON- ORES  OF  MISSOURI. 


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PART    II 


GEOLOGY 


OF 


NORTHWESTERN  MISSOURI 


BY 


G.   C.   BROADHEAD 


AND   OF 


LINCOLN    COUNTY 


BY 


W.  B.  POTTER. 


PROF.  R.  PUMPELLY, 

Director  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  Missouri : 

DEAR  SIR  : — In  presenting  the  Reports  of  my  work  during  the 
past  year,  I  would  mention  the  many  obligations  due  to  Mr.  C.  J. 
Norwood  for  his  valuable  assistance  in  the  field  during  the  whole 
season. 

I  am  also  indebted  to  many  citizens  of  the  State  for  information 
in  regard  to  localities,  collecting  specimens,  etc.  ;  especially  to  Dr. 
A.  J.  Bell  and  L.  T.  Collier,  of  Chillicothe  ;  H.  H.  Beeson,  of  Ray 
County  ;  Wm.  Zook,  of  Forest  City,  Mr. Lewis,  Chief  Engi- 
neer K.  C.,  St.  Joseph  &  C.  B.  R.  R.,  St.  Joseph ;  E.  P.  West,  of 
Kansas  City ;  and  Dr.  John  Britts,  of  Clinton,  Henry  County. 
To  the  St.  Louis,  K.  C.  &  N.  R.  W.,  I  am  under  obligations 
for  free  transportation  of  specimens. 

Respectfully, 

G.  C.  BROADHEAD, 

Assistant  Geologist. 

ST.  Louis,  Mo.,  March,   1873. 


CHAPTER  I. 

AREA  AND  TOPOGRAPHICAL  FEATURES  OF  THE  COAL- 
FIELD. 

THE  coal-measures  of  Missouri  comprise  an  area  of  about  22,995 
square  miles,  including  160  square  miles  in  St.  Louis  County,  8  in 
St.  Charles,  and  a  few  outliers  in  Lincoln  and  Warren  ;  the  re- 
mainder in  North-West  and  Western  Missouri. 

This  includes  8,406  square  miles  of  upper  or  barren  measures, 
about  2,000  miles  of  exposed  middle,  and  12,420  of  exposed  lower 
measures. 

Boundary. — The  boundary  between  the  upper  and  middle  coal- 
measures  I  have  elsewhere  defined.  It  will  be  found  delineated  on 
the  map.  The  boundary  between  the  middle  and  lower  coal  is 
not  well  denned,  but  is  limited  by  a  thick-bedded,  coarse,  mica- 
ceous sandstone,  sometimes  of  not  great  extent,  at  other  times  of 
great  thickness.  We  suppose  it  to  enter  the  State  in  the  west  part 
of  Bates  County  and  to  pass  thence  via  Butler  to  Chilhomee  in 
Johnson  County  ;  thence,  northwardly  4  miles  west  of  Warrens- 
burgh  to  4  miles  east  of  Aullville,  Lafayette  County ;  thence, 
irregularly  meandering  through  Lafayette  County,  crossing  the 
Missouri  river,  passing  to  ten  miles  east  of  Carrollton,  Carroll 
County  ;  thence,  to  the  south-east  corner  of  Livingston  County, 
from  which  point  it  bears  north-east  to  the  centre  of  Linn  County, 
and  thence,  northward.  The  southern  and  eastern  boundary  of 
the  lower  coal-measures  is  as  follows  :  (through  Barton,  Bates, 
Vernon,  and  St.  Clair,  the  boundary  has  not  yet  been  well  defined)  ; 
entering  the  State  in  Barton,  it  passes  north-east  through  the 
eastern  part  of  Vernon  ;  it  enters  St.  Clair  about  one-half  way  up, 
on  its  western  line,  thence,  meanders  eastward  to  a  point  a  few 
miles  north  of  Osceola ;  thence,  northward  to  within  eight  miles  of 
Clinton,  Henry  County  ;  thence,  north-east  to  the  east  line  of  Henry 
County  ;  thence,  northwardly,  with  occasional  variations  of  sand- 


6  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

stones,  as  much  as  eight  miles  east  to  Brownsville,  Saline  County ; 
thence,  north-eastward  to  Marshall,  and  thence,  to  Miami.  On  the 
north  side  of  the  river  it  passes  eastward,  from  a  point  opposite 
Arrow  Rock,  to  the  east  line  of  Howard  County  ;  thence,  in  a  mean- 
dering course  via  Columbia,  Boone  County,  New  Bloomfield  and 
Fulton,  Callaway  County,  to  the  north-east  corner  of  Callaway  ; 
thence,  north-eastwardly  to  a  point  three  miles  west  of  the  north- 
east corner  of  Montgomery  County  ;  thence,  north-west  to  near  the 
mouth  of  Lick  Creek,  Rails  County  ;  thence,  south-west  to  Mexico, 
Audrain  County.  From  thence,  to  the  north-west  corner  of  Monroe 
County ;  thence,  irregularly  trending  northward,  to  the  north-west 
corner  of  Knox  County  ;  thence,  to  a  point  on  the  north  line  of 
Lewis  County,  about  twelve  miles  west  of  the  Mississippi  river  ; 
thence,  northwardly  to  the  Desmoines  river,  on  the  north  line  of  the 
State  of  Missouri. 

East  of  this,  are  small  outliers  in  Montgomery,  Warren,  Lincoln, 
and  St.  Louis  Counties,  and  perhaps  others  in  south-west  Missouri. 

Thickness. — The  aggregate  thickness  of  the  upper  coal-mea- 
sures is  1,317  feet,  including  only  about  4  feet  of  coal,  of  which 
there  are  two  seams  of  one  foot  in  thickness  :  the  others  are  very 
thin  seams  or  mere  streaks.  The  middle  coal-measures  include  a 
total  thickness  of  about  324  feet,  in  which  are  embraced  about  7 
feet  of  coal,  including  two  workable  seams  of  21  and  24  inches  ;  one 
other  of  I  ft.  that  is  worked  under  favorable  circumstances,  and  six 
seams  too  thin  to  work.  The  lower  measures  include  from  250  to 
300  feet,  embracing  about  five  workable  seams  of  coal,  varying  in 
thickness  from  i^  ft.  to  41^  ft.,  and  thin  seams  varying  from  6  to 
II  inches,  and  several  minor  seams  and  streaks:  in  all,  13  ft.  6  in. 
of  coal.  We  therefore  have  in  Missouri  nearly  1,900  ft.  of  coal- 
measures  with  a  total  aggregate  of  24  ft.  6  in.  of  coal.  The  thinner 
seams  of  coal  are  not  often  mined,  except  in  localities  remote  from 
railroad  transportation.  The  coal  from  thicker  seams  (those  from 
I y2  to  2  and  4  ft.)  is  generally  sold  at  ten  cents  per  bush,  at  the 
mines. 

The  thin  seam,  10  to  14  inches  on  Nodaway  river,  is  sold  at  over 
20  cents  per  bush,  at  the  mines.  The  reason  of  this  is  the  difficulty 
of  mining  (there  being  so  much  superfluous  material  to  be  removed) 
and  the  remoteness  of  other  coals. 

Miners  seem  to  prefer  to  work  a  bed  of  2  ft.  to  2^  ft.  in  thick- 


TOPOGRAPHICAL  FEATURES  OF  THE  COAL-FIELD.  7 

ness,  to  even  one  of  greater  thickness.  We  would  consider  all 
beds  over  18  in.  thick  as  workable  coals.  The  estimated  area, 
where  such  may  be  reached  within  two  hundred  feet  from  the 
surface,  is  about  7,000  square  miles. 

THE    FOLLOWING   IS   A    CONDENSED    VERTICAL    SECTION    OF    THE 

COAL-MEASURES  : 

No.  LOCALITY. 

I — 339  feet,  including  230  feet  above  the  connected  section. 

2 — 12  in.  coal.    Holt,  W.  part  of  Nodaway  and  Northwardly  ;  also  White  Cloud,  Kansas. 

3—392  feet 

4 — 12  in.  coal Andrew,  Buchanan,  De  Kalb,  Gentry,  and  Platte. 

5—  207  feet 

6 — 10  in.  coal Platte  Cqunty . 

7 — 379  feet  to  base  of  upper  coal-measures 

8 — 3  in.    coal  at   top  of  middle  coal-measures      .Pleasant    Hill,    Missouri  City,   and 

Princeton,  Mercer  County. 

9 — 164  feet 

10 — I  foot  coal Cass,  Johnson,  Lafayette,  and  Livingston,  also  Grundy, 

1 1 — 70  feet 

12 — 2  feet  (Lexington  coal) Lafayette,  Johnson  and  Ray. 

13—36  feet 

14 — 7  in.  coal Lafayette  and  Ray. 

15 — 14  feet 

16 — 21  in.  coal Lafayette,  Johnson,  Carroll,  and  Livingston. 

17 — 50  to  90  feet 

18 — i-J-  ft.  (Warrensburgh  coal) Johnson,  Henry,  Chariton. 

19 — 52  feet 

20 — 7   in.  coal Johnson. 

21— 18  feet 

22 — i  foot  8  in.  coal Johnson. 

23—18  feet 

24 — 8  in.  coal s Johnson. 

25 — 4  feet 

26 — 2  feet  coal Henry. 

27—48  feet 

28 — 1\  feet  to  4  feet  5   in.  coal.     Randolph,  Boone,  Callaway,  Johnson,  Henry,  Ver- 
non,  Bates,  Adair,  Sullivan,  Putnam,  Audrain,  and  Macon. 

29  —  1 1  feet Macon. 

30 — II  in.  coal Macon,  Henry  and  Johnson. 

31 — about  13  feet 

32 — 2  feet  coal.    10  inches  of  clay  near  base.    Rails,  Audrain,  St.  Louis,  St.  Charles  and 

Montgomery,  Henry  and  Johnson. 

TOPOGRAPHY   OF    THE   COAL-MEASURES. 
The  general  surface  of  a  country  is  governed  by  the  constitu- 
ents of  the  underlying  rock  formations.     Where  they  consist  mostly 


8  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

of  limestones  which  approach  near  the  surface,  we  find  a  rugged 
tract  of  country.  Where  sandstones  prevail,  the  slopes  are  more 
gentle.  When  clays  or  shales  exist,  we  have  flat  land.  Alterna- 
tions of  these  will  present  combinations  of  the  foregoing.  The 
coal-measures  include  varieties  of  all  these,  and  generally  alter- 
nately arranged.  The  thickest  entire  limestone  group  is  30  ft.,  with 
shales  above  and  below  ;  so  of  course,  our  area  of  broken  land  is 
limited.  The  thickest  groups  of  limestone  occur  in  the  lower  part 
of  the  upper  coal-measures.  Along  the  line  of  their  outcrops,  may 
be  occasionally  seen  rugged  and  steep  hillsides,  which  characteris- 
tics may  be  observed  from  Cass  County  on  the  south,  through 
Jackson,  Platte,  Clay,  Ray,  Caldwell,  Daviess,  Gentry,  Worth, 
and  Harrison.  Higher  in  the  series,  are  thick  shale  formations,  as 
seen  at  Weston  and  St.  Joseph.  The  country  northward  is  flat  and 
rolling,  as  we  find  through  Gentry  and  Worth,  Platte,  Buchanan, 
and  De  Kalb.  Above  these,  are  alternations  of  thick  and  thin 
strata  of  limestone,  with  sandstones,  shales,  and  clays,  and  the 
resultant  is  the  undulating  and  rolling  portion  of  North-West  Mis- 
souri, lying  near  and  extending  west  from  Platte  river.  The 
bluffs  of  the  Missouri,  in  the  region  of  the  upper  coal-measures, 
attain  an  elevation  of  from  250  to  330  feet  above  the  bottom-land ; 
and  the  elevation  of  the  highest  ridges  inland  is  but  little  if  any 
more.  The  summits  of  the  highest  ridges  in  Nodaway  County, 
above  One  Hundred  and  Two  river  and  Platte  river,  are  but  little 
over  200  feet,  and  none  of  the  adjacent  bluffs  exceed  50  feet  in 
height;  the  same  may  be  also  said  of  Nodaway  river,  except 
near  where  it  joins  the  Missouri  bluffs,  where  they  measure  250 
feet.  On  N.  Grand  river,  the  immediate  bluffs  measure  from  30  to 
1 20  feet,  within  the  upper  coal  district.  As  we  descend,  the  hills 
recede.  Near  the  base  of  the  upper  coal  series,  it  is  often  200  to 
250  feet  from  the  valleys  to  the  top  of  remote  ridges.  Lower 
down  in  the  middle  coal  series  we  have  a  great  thickness  of  sand- 
stones and  shales,  with  long  and  very  gentle  slopes,  and  the  bluffs 
near  streams  from  25  to  50  feet  high,  rising  to  100  feet  at  a  half- 
mile  to  a  mile  distant. 

We  also  observe  another  characteristic  near  the  junction  of  the 
upper  and  middle  measures.  The  upper  sandstones,  one  hundred 
or  more  feet  in  thickness,  have  been  mostly  denuded,  leaving 
isolated  mounds  of  sandstone,  capped  by  lower  limestones  of  the 


TOPOGRAPHICAL  FEATURES  OF  THE  COAL-FIELD.  9 

upper  coal-measures.  They  are  generally  80  to  100  feet  above  the 
general  surface  of  the  lower  plains.  This  enables  us  to  trace  out 
the  boundary  between  the  upper  and  middle  coal  series  very 
readily. 

The  mounds  near  Harrisonville,  Cass  County,  reach  to  the  top 
of  the  middle  coal  series,  as  also  Centre  Knob,  and  knobs  north  in 
Johnson  County,  and  Wagon  Knob,  in  Lafayette  County,  and  are 
generally  capped  with  limestones,  which  occupy  the  base  of  the 
upper  coal  series. 

In   Lafayette   County  we    have  a  remarkable    ridge    coming    in 
from  the  south-west  and  extending  northwardly,  just  west  of  the 
line  between   Ranges  27  and  28,  including  a  width  of  about  one 
mile.       Grady's   Knob,   although  separated  from  the  main  ridge, 
occupies   the   northern   terminus  of  it ;  it  is  generally  capped  with 
limestone,  No.  78,  of  the  upper  coal-measures,  but  sometimes  the 
limestone  has  been  broken   up  and  worn  away,  leaving   exposed 
the    underlying  sandstone.       The  denudation  on  the    east  side    is 
apparently  not  so  much  as  on  the  west,  but  on  the  west  the  ero- 
sion  has  been  very  great,  extending  to   a  depth  of  at  least  one 
hundred  feet,  with  a  width  of  over  twelve  miles.     This  wide  tract 
includes  the  beautiful  Greenton  valley,  Texas  prairie,  and  Sniabar 
valleys.     The  various  branches  of  the  Sniabar  have  also  cut  their 
channels  through  this  valley  to  a  depth  of  from  40  to    100  feet. 
Along  the  Missouri  river,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  middle  series,  the 
bluffs  do  not  attain  the  height  found  in   the  upper  series.     They 
vary  in  height  from   100  to    165   feet.     In  the  lower  part  of  the 
middle  coal-measures  we  again  observe  the  phenomena  of  mounds 
capped  with  limestone,  the  base  of  the  mound  extending  into  the 
lower  measures.     We  find  here  evidences  of  a  great  denudation,  for 
the  mounds  are   frequently  over  a  hundred  feet  in  height,  sloping 
with  a  long  and  gentle  descent,  blending  into  the  wide-stretching 
intervening  plains.     This  is  the  case  along  the  west  line  of  Mis- 
souri, from  Fort  Scott  to  Cass   County  ;    others  occur  along  the 
border  of  Bates  and  Vernon,  and  occasionally  in  Henry.     A  range 
of  mounds  passes  N.  E.  from   near  Clinton  to  the  N.  E.  part  of 
Henry  County,  and  from  thence  at  intervals  northwardly  in  the 
east  part   of  Johnson   County.       The   lower  coal-measures   being 
mainly  composed  of  sandstones  and  shales,  with  but  few  limestone 
beds,  we  find  the  country  correspondingly  flat  ;  the  bluffs  along. 


10  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

the  streams,  are  not  often  over  fifty  feet  in  height,  and  blend  into 
the  higher  land  by  gentle  slopes. 

The  southern  portion  of  Missouri,  including  the  Ozark  ridge, 
and  most  of  the  State  south  of  the  Missouri  and  Osage  rivers, 
excepting  the  two  western  tiers  of  counties,  is  elevated  from  one 
thousand  to  fourteen  hundred  feet  above  the  sea,  and  includes 
only  Lower  Silurian  rocks  flanked  by  Lower  Carboniferous. 

On  the  west  flank  near  the  State  line  the  country  is  not  often 
over  eight  hundred  feet  above  the  sea.  On  the  west  and  north 
flank  of  this  high  land  the  coal-measures  commence.  On  the  south 
side  of  the  Missouri  river  we  find  the  middle  and  lower  coal  not 
over  eight  hundred  or  nine  hundred  feet  above  the  sea. 

In  North  Missouri  the  same  formations  are  about  eight  hundred 
to  one  thousand  feet  above  the  sea.  The  elevation  of  the  eastern 
and  southern  outcrop  of  the  upper  coal-measures,  near  the  base, 
is  eight  hundred  and  seventy-five  to  nine  hundred  and  ninety  feet. 

Towards  the  north-west  part  of  the  State  the  upper  measures 
are  more  elevated,  and  may  reach  from  one  thousand  to  eleven 
hundred  feet  above  the  sea. 


CHAPTER  II. 

LOWER   COAL-MEASURES.— BY    G.  C.  BROADHEAD. 

HENRY  COUNTY  COAL. 

THE  middle  coal-measures  may  be  found  only  in  north-west  por- 
tion of  Henry  County.  The  lower  coals  crop  out  near  Windsor, 
Calhoun,  Clinton  and  south-west.  Besides  the  coal-beds,  the  rocks 
consist  mostly  of  sandstones,  generally  soft  with  some,  shale  and 
clay  beds,  with  rarely  limestone,  and  some  beds  of  iron  carbonates, 
red  hematites  and  clay-iron  ore.  In  the  region  of  the  lower  coal- 
measures  mounds  are  occasionally  seen,  rising  by  long  and  gentle 
slopes  to  an  elevation  of  fifty  to  one  hundred  feet  above  the  height 
of  surrounding  country,  showing  that  denudation  has  been  very 
great  since  the  coal-measures  were  deposited.  These  mounds  are 
capped  with  middle  coal-measures,  with  lower  coal  at  the  base. 

The  line  of  my  recent  observations  in  the  county  extended 
from  the  north-east  corner  of  the  county  to  Clinton*  with  various  ob- 
servations north  and  south  of  my  route.  In  this  district  the  bluffs 
along  the  streams  seem  to  be  in  no  place  of  greater  height  than 
forty  or  fifty  feet,  and  the  general  surface  of  the  country  rises  sixty 
to  seventy  feet  above  the  valleys.  The  vertical  outcrops  being 
limited,  the  exact  correlation  is  difficult ;  still,  although  I  failed 
in  obtaining  a  connected  vertical  section  of  all  the  beds,  I  think  I 
have  them  placed  in  about  the  regular  order  of  succession. 

The  lowest  may  include  certain  sections  taken  by  Mr.  C.  J. 
Norwood,  near  Fort  Lyon,  Benton  County,  and  southward,  near 
Tebo  Creek,  and  along  that  stream  as  high  up  as  the  forks  two 
miles  south  of  Calhoun,  of  which  the  following  is  an  abstract: — 

Henry  County. 

In  Section  15,  T  43 — R  24,  observed  outcrop  of  3  to  4  feet 
"  Ferruginous  sandstone." 


12  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

Benton  County. 

On  Barker's  Creek,  in  south-west  quarter,  Section  36,  T.  43,  R. 
23,  on  Mr.  D.  I.  Williams's  land,  noticed  the  following  :  — 

No.  i — 3  feet  bluff  and  local  drift. 

2 — i  foot  2   in.  brown  and  black  sandy,  thinly  laminated  shales. 

3 — I  foot  3  in.  bituminous  and  thinly  laminated  sandy  shales, 
with  concretions  of  carb.  of  iron. 

4 — 5  inches  coal. 

5 — 2  feet  black,  laminated  sandy  shales,  containing  Cordaites. 

In  north-west  quarter,  Section  6,  T.  42,  R.  23,  D.I.  Williams's 

Land. 

i 

No.  i — 3  feet  shaly,  soft  sandstone. 

2 — i  foot  black,  laminated,  sandy  and  bituminous  shales. 

3 — 6    "    coal. 

Oak  and  hickory  is  the  principal  timber  here  ;  country  rolling. 

At  Fort  Lyon,  in  Section  6,  T.  42,  R.  23,  I  obtained  the  fol- 
lowing : — 

Section  No.  50. 

No.  i — Long  slope. 

2 — 8  feet  light  red  sandstone,  hard  and  in  one  bed,  specked  and 
streaked  with  white. 

3 —  X  foot  clay. . 

4 — 3  inches  carbonaceous  rrtatter. 

5 — 2  feet  clay,  containing  Stigmaria  ficoides. 

6 — 12  feet  Arenaceous  shales  ;  some  black  and  brown,  others  ash- 
colored. 

7 — 3  feet  slope'. 

8 — Outcrop  of  ferruginous  sandstone — about  6  inches. 

9 — 3  feet  bed  of  lower  carboniferous  chert — containing  fossils 
Glauconome — (sp.}  and  an  internal  spire  of  a  small  brachiopod 
(Spiriferf). 

10 — 5  feet  slope  to  Creek. 

Henry  County. 

"On  Section  26,  T.  42,  R.  24 — observed  outcrop  of  ferrugin- 
ous sandstone.  This  sandstone  is  seen  very  often  along  the  road 
leading  from  Fort  Lyon  to  Leesville.  It  disappears  from  view 
about  one  mile  from  Leesville." 


LOWER  COAL-MEASURES.  13 

"  In  the  north-west  part  of  the  north-east  quarter,  Section  u, 
T.  41,  R.  24,  the  following  section  is  seen,  on  a  gully  in  the 
prairie,  north- west  of  Leesville. 

Section  51. 

No.  i — 8  feet  slope,  covered  with  chert,  containing  Spirifer 
Forbesi  ?  Crinoid  stems,  Bryozoans  (2  sp.}  Capulus  ?  Amplexus, 
Phillipsia.  Archimedes  chert,  evidently  from  the  Warsaw  and 
Keokuk  groups. 

2 — 5  feet  gray  and  white,  very  coarse-grained  limestone — Encrin- 
ital  limestone  of  Swallow,  Burlington  limestone  of  Hall  ;  it  abounds 
in  Crmotd  stems,  and  contains  euomphalus  latus.  Upper  part  mostly 
thin  layers — lower  part  more  compact." 

"  In  north-west  quarter,  Section  13,  T.  43,  R.  24,  on  Elm 
Creek,  observed  a  bed  of  compact  drab  chert ;  weathers  brown  : 
contains  a  cast  of  a  Productus,  in  size  and  appearance  resembling 
Prod,  mesialis  of  Hall,  Retzia  Verneuiliana,  Amplexus,  Spr.  Keokuk, 
Bryozoa,  and  what  appears  to  be  a  cast  of  Spr.  pseudo-lineatus." 

"  This  chert  as  seen  by  the  fossils  is  evidently  from  the  Warsaw 
and  Keokuk  limestones." 

"OnTebo  Creek,  in  north-east  quarter,  Section  2,  T.  41,  R.  24, 
the  following  is  seen  : 

No.  i — Slope. 

2 — 8  feet  Encrinital  limestone,  gray  and  coarse-grained.  Irregu- 
larly bedded,  contains  Zaphrentis,  Crinoid  stems,  and  Prod.  Fle- 
mingii  var.  Pr.  Burlingtonensis . " 

"  Following  the  creek  one-quarter  of  a  mile  farther  up,  as  far  as 
the  north-west  part  of  the  north-west  quarter  of  Sec.  2,  T.  41,  R. 
24,  the  limestone  is  seen,  exposed  at  intervals  on  the  north  bank, 
cedar,  willow,  oak,  elm,  and  sycamore  trees  growing  all  along  the 
bank.  Here  the  following  section  was  obtained. 

Sec.  52. 

No.  i — 35  feet  slope — lower  part  covered  with  chert  and  ferrugi- 
nous sandstone  :  chert  containing  small  Spirifer,  Chonetes,  Bryozoa, 
and  Crinoidece.  On  the  upper  part  are  tumbled  pieces  of  ferruginous 
sandstone. 

2 — 35  feet  Encrinital  limestone — color  gray  :  lower  part  very 
coarse-grained  and  somewhat  friable  ;  upper  part  finer  grained. 

3 — 15  feet  slope  to  water." 

See  sketch,  fig.  i. 


1 4  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

"  One-eighth  of  a  mile  farther  up  :  Encrinital  limestone  is  ex- 
posed on  the  bank  of  creek,  from  Sec.  52  to  this  place,  and  be- 
yond. At  this  place  it  is  exposed  on  the  south  bank,  and  in  it  are 
two  caves  ;  two  or  three  hundred  yards  farther  up  stream,  two  more 

Fig.  1. 


SECTION     52  (C.J.N.) 
HENRY    CO  « 

are  seen.  They  appear  to  extend  back  into  the  rock  quite  a  dis- 
tance, but  could  not  be  entered  on  account  of  water.  The  country 
around  here  is  hilly  and  rough.  Oak  is  the  prevailing  timber." 

"  Followed  up  the  creek  from  this  place  to  about  one-half  of  a 
mile  above  the  mouth  of  Barker's  creek.  Here  the  encrinital  lime- 
stone is  exposed  on  the  south  bank,  about  twenty  feet  thick ;  it  is 
rough  and  irregularly  bedded. 

"At  a  ford  on  Tebo  creek,  in  the  north-west  quarter,  Sec.  4, 
T.  41,  R.  24,  this  limestone  is  again  seen,  cropping  out  at  the 
water's  edge." 

"  In  the  west  part  of  Sec.  17,  T.  42,  R.  24,  on  a  road  leading  north 
to  Calhoun,  noticed  20  feet  buff  soft  sandstone,  containing  concre- 
tions of  iron  ore  :  on  the  top  a  few  inches  of  ore.  The  lower  part 
presents  a  banded  appearance.  It  is  thick  bedded  and  is  greatly 
washed,  so  as  to  form  a  shallow  cave. 


LOWER  COAL-MEASURES.  15 

"On  James's  Fork,  at  ford  on  road  leading  to  Calhoun,  in 
south-west  part  of  the  south-east  quarter  of  Sec.  7,  T.  42,  R.  24, 
this  sandstone  is  exposed,  and  is  also  seen  some  distance  beyond." 

"From  the  foregoing  it  is  evident  that  the  encrinital  limestone 
first  seen  on  the  Tebo  in  north-east  quarter  of  Sec.  2,  T.  41,  R.  24, 
is  exposed  at  intervals  from  that  place  nearly  as  far  up  as  James's 
Fork." 

"There  is  said  to  be  some  coal  in  the  south  part  of  the  north- 
east quarter  of  Sec.  34,  T.  42,  R.  24,  but  I  could  not  find  any. 
The  informant  did  not  know  the  thickness  of  the  vein,  and  says 
it  has  not  been  worked. 

"  This  part  of  the  section  is  high  above  the  level  of  Tebo  Cr. 
Most  of  the  high  ridges  are  capped  by  chert  with  ferruginous  sand- 
stone over-lying  it." 

"Sec.  at  Mr.  Munn's  Coal-Bank — in  the  south-east  part  of  the 
south-west  quarter  of  Sec.  17,  T.  42,  R.  24. 

No.  i — 17  feet  slope,  with  scattered  pieces  of  chert,  containing 
Prod,  muricatus,  Spr.  plano-convexus  and  Ch.  mesoloba. 

2 — 2  feet  outcrop  of  hard,  mottled  blue  and  drab,  silicious  lime- 
stone, in  thin  beds.  Contains  Pr.  Prattenianus  and  Crinoid  stems. 
This  is  probably  equivalent  to  the  '  flagstone '  beds  of  Browns- 
ville. 

3 — 20  feet  slope. 

4 — 5  feet  local  drift — composed  of  chert,  sandstone,  etc. 

5 — i  foot  to  \y2  foot  ochreous  blue  clay. 

6 — 28  inches  coal :  upper  five  inches  very  poor — some  places 
more  like  bituminous  shale  than  coal.  Lower  23  inches  good. 
Has  a  rusty  appearance  on  exposed  surface.  Some  parts  brilliant. 

7 — Sandstone — micaceous. 

"  The  coal  lies  in  what  was  formerly  the  bed  of  a  wide  branch, 
but  which  has  long  ago  run  dry.  This  coal  is  very  likely  the  lowest 
of  the  coal-measures."  The  following  is  a  proximate  analysis  by 
Mr.  R.  Chauvenet. 

Water 7. 50 

Volatile 37. 30 

Fixed  carbon SO- 75 

Ash 4.45 

— color  of  ash,  red  (ox.  iron)  ;  cokes  tolerably. 


1 6  GEOLOG  Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

The  above  sections  of  Mr.  Norwood  indicate  loose  masses  of 
lower  carboniferous  chert  reposing  on  the  encrinital  limestone. 
The  chert  indicates  a  mingling  of  forms,  pertaining  to  the  St. 
Louis,  Warsaw  and  Keokuk  limestones.  For  we  observe  Chonetes 
(resembling  Ch.  Shumardana),  Pr.  mesialis  and  Spr.  pseudlineatus, 
Bryozoans,  Capulus,&&&  Ample xns  resembling  those  of  the  Keokuk 
group,  and  Retzia  Verneuiliana  of  the  Warsaw  group.  In  Dr.  John 
Britts'  collection  at  Clinton,  I  saw  a  fine  specimen  of  Melonites  and 
also  of  Lithostrotion  obtained  from  cherty  beds  on  Grand  river, 
twelve  miles  from  Clinton.  These  are  characteristic  fossils  of  the 
St.  Louis  limestone. 

The  gray  limestone  which  is  found  underlying  the  chert  undoubt- 
edly belongs  to  the  encrinital  or  Burlington  group.  The  chert  in 
No.  i,  and  the  silicious  bed  No.  2,  at  Munn's  coal-bank,  cannot  be 
distinguished,  either  in  color  or  texture,  from  the  flagstone  beds  of 
Brownsville,  Saline  county,  which  occur  at  that  place  near  the  base 
of  the  coal-measures. 

OTHER  BEDS  NEAR  THE  BASE  OF  THE  COAL-MEASURES. 

The  coal  at  C.  B.  JORDAN'S  mine  on  Grand  river  in  Sec.  25,  T. 
41,  R.  26,  is  probably  the  same  bed  as  Munn's.  It  occurs  thus: — 

ist — 15  feet  blue  calcareous  slate  (flagstone),  weathering  drab, 
occurs  in  uniform  layers  of  generally  about  two  inches  in  thickness 
— is  jointed,  with  generally  perpendicular  faces,  and  forms  good 
roof  for  the  coal. 

2 — 32  inches  coal. 

3 — 9  feet  blue  shales  with  iron  ore  concretions  ;  upper  one  foot  blue 
clay  in  thin  laminae,  resting  on  two  feet  of  blue  fire-clay,  then  sandy 
clay.  Mr.  Jordan  has  run  in  several  drifts,  about  100  feet  into  the 
hill,  and  employs  several  miners.  The  coal  is  black  and  shiny. 
About  4  inches  below  the  top  is  a  one-inch  slate  seam.  The 
middle  layer  of  coal  also  contains  some  iron  pyrites. 

Proximate  analysis  by  Mr.  Chauvenet  of  Jordan's  coal  (top  of 
bed)  :— 

Water 3-47 

Volatile 42. 18 

Fixed  carbon 45 -85 

Ash 8.50 

— color  of  ash,  purple  gray. 


LOWER  COAL-MEASURES. 


Jordan's  coal  bottom  of  seam  : — 

Water 5.14 

Volatile 37-91 

Fixed  carbon 46. 82 

Ash 10.13 

— Color  of  ash,  purple  gray. 

The  overlying  silicious  slates  would  probably  furnish  good  mate- 
rial for  indoor  pavements,  and  would  also  do  very  well  for  ordinary 
sidewalks. 

At  Gilkenson's  Frod  on  Grand  river,  about  three  quarters  of 
a  mile  west  of  Jordan's,  in  about  the  centre  of  Sec.  26,  T.  41,  R.  26, 
we  find  exposed  a  section  of  rocks  which  are  probably  just  above 
the  section  at  Jordan's.  They  appear  just  above  the  ford,  in  the 
following  order  : — 

Section  65. 

No.  i — Sandstone. 

2 — Shale. 

Figs.  2  and  3. 

SECTION  66. 


S-o 


21  -  o 


1 8  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

3 — 2  to  6  inches  iron-stone,  equivalent  to  Section  64,  No.  9,  and 
probably  also  to  Section  63,  No.  3. 

4 — 1 8  inches  calcareo-bituminous  bed,  shaly,  and  passing  into  a 
ferruginous  limestone  ;  contains  LopJiopJiyllum  proliferum,  Chce- 
tetes — Ch.  mesoloba,  Spr.  cameratus,  Prod,  muricatus,  Pr.  castatus, 
Athyris  subtilita  and  an  undescribed  cephalopod  (Cyrtoceras  ?). 

5 — 6  in  bituminous  coal. 

6 — 3  feet  blue  and  brown  sandy  clay  passing  into  sandstone. 

7 — 6  feet  blue  shales  with  concretions  of  carbonate  of  iron. 

About  150  yards  up  stream  this  section  is  somewhat  modified 
thus  :— 

Section  66. 

No.  i — 5  feet  buff  shaly  sandstone. 

2 — 2  feet  blue  shales. 

3 — 2  in.  coal. 

4 — HK  feet  shales  and  fire-clay. 

5 — 6  in  coal  =  65 — 5. 

6 — 3  feet  sandstone  abounding  in  stigmaria. 

7 — 21  feet  shales  abounding  in  lenticular  beds  of  iron  carbonate, 
weathering  red  and  containing  numerous  ferns,  also,  Lepidoden- 
dron,  Lycopodites  and  Lepidastrobus,  and  Cordaites. 

8 — Coal  in  river:  could  only  see  \y2  feet;  was  informed  that 
it  was  3  feet  thick  ;  if  so  it  corresponds  to  the  coal  at  Jordan's.  If 
there  is  no  dip,  the  fall  in  the  river  between  here  and  Jordan's 
would  bring  it  up  to  his  coal. 

The  Section  at  Jackson's  mill  includes  rocks  of  last  section. 
The  upper  beds  exactly  correspond,  but  differ  below  thus  : — 

Sec.  64. 

No.   2 — 4  feet  shaly  sandstone  containing  a  few  ferns. 

3 — 10  inches  rotten  coal. 

4 — 2  feet  clay. 

5 — 1 1/2  feet  of  hard,  white  sandstone  containing  Sigillaria. 

6 — 3  feet  thin  layers  of  sandstone,  from  ^  inch  to  I  ^  inches 
thick. 

7 — 1 6  feet  3  inches  clay  shales  in  thin  layers. 

8 — 6  in.  hard,  calcareo-pyritiferous  ironstone. 

9 — 9  in.  shaly  calcareo-pyritiferous  rock. 

10 — 17  in.  blue  clay. 

II — 1 8  in.  bituminous  shales. 


LOWER  COAL-MEASURES.  19 

12 — 5  in.  calcareous  shale. 

13 — 3  to  4  feet  of  hard  sandstone,  containing  Canlerpites  mar- 
ginatus  and  remains  of  mineral  charcoal. 

14 — 6  to  12  in.  coal;  covered  in  some  places  with  a  crust  of 
pyrites. 

Fig.  4- 

SECTION    64 

JACKSON'S   MILL   ON   GRAND    RIVER, 
HENRY  CO 


15 — 3  feet  fire-clay. 

16 — Blue  clay  with  roots  of  plants. 

The  layers,  from  No.  8  downwards,  are  quite  irregular,  and 
undulate  with  variable  thickness  for  over  a  hundred  feet  down 
the  stream,  with  a  prevailing  dip  of  about  10°,  the  course  of  which 
is  N.  40°  E.,  magc.  There  is  also,  as  the  accompanying  sketch 
will  show,  a  dip  or  fault  of  about  two  feet  at  the  north-east  end 
of  the  outcropping. 

The  coal-beds  of  Mrs.  Tyler  and  of  Benj.  Owens  on  and  near 
the  creek,  2^  miles  south-east  of  Clinton,  may  be  the  same  as  the 
Jordan  bank.  Their  position  with  the  horizon  would  so  indicate: 

The  coal  from  Mrs.  Tyler's  is  extensively  used  at  Clinton.  It  is 
reached  by  a  shaft.  Arriving  at  the  mine  at  dark,  I  did  not  have 
an  opportunity  of  making  correct  examinations.  The  overlying 
light  blue  shale  abounds  in  numerous  very  pretty  ferns  and  an,  oc- 
casional Lepidodendron,  with  a  few  leaves  of  Cordaites.. 

Benj.  Owens  works  an  open  bank  in  the  edge  of  the  creek,,  from 


20  GEOLOG  Y  OF  NORTH-  WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

which  is  obtained  a  black  brilliant  coal;  bed  21  inches  thick,  with 
very  little  sulphur  :  the  upper  three  inches  is  crumbly  :  has  black 
shale  just  above  with  four  or  five  feet  of  ochry  clay  shales  above  it. 
Proximate  analyses  by  Mr.  Chauvenet,  of 

OWENS.  OWENS    (MIDDLE). 

Water,  8.30 7.14 

Volatile,  38.66 36.95 

Fixed  carbon,  48.35 48.65 

Ash,  5.85 6.10 

Color  of  ash,  nearly  white.  White,  purple  tinge. 

Less  than  a  quarter  of  a  mile  up  stream  we  find, 

No.  i — Slope. 

2 — 4  feet  sandy  and  ochrey  shale. 

3 — 10  in.  drab  crumbling  sandstone. 

4—4  feet  blue  shales,  with  large  round  concretions  of  carbonate 
of  iron,  which  shell  off  in  curved  flags :  some  of  them  are  over  a 
foot  thick  and  three  feet  long.  These  shales  are  probably  the 
equivalent  of  No.  7  of  Sec.  66. 

About  a  mile  and  a  half  up  stream  is  Sec.  61. 

No.  i — Sandstone  containing  Stigmarid. 

2 — About  25  feet  gentle  slope. 

3 — 8  feet  thinly  laminated  blue  clay  with  thin  lenticular  beds  of 
iron  ore. 

4 — \y2  in.  sandy  iron-stone. 

5 — 2  inches  coal. 

6 — 2  feet  gray  fire-clay. 

7 — I  foot  brown,  ochrey  clay,  which  sometimes  resembles  the 
last. 

8 — i  foot  blue  clay. 

9 — Thin  coal-streaks. 

10 — 6  in.  hard  gray  sandstone. 

II — 2  feet  sandy  clay  with  roots  of  Stigmaria. 

There  is  a  thin  coal-seam  still  higher  up,  which  is  exposed  on 
the  prairie  three-quarters  of  a  mile  west,  as  appears  from  the  fol- 
lowing notes  : — 

No.  i — 2  feet  sandstone. 

2 — Streak  of  rotten  coal. 

3 — 2  feet  irregular  bed  of  massive  friable  sandstone. 


LOWER  COAL-MEASURES. 


21 


4 — 8  feet  drab  shales. 
5 — 3  feet  blue  shales  in  thin  laminae. 
6 — 3  inches  coal=Sec.  61,  No.  5. 
7 — 4  feet  blue  clay — the  upper  I  foot  brown  streaked. 
Sec.  63,  on  bluff  just  west  of  Clinton,  includes  portions  of  the 
last  three  sections.     We  find, 

No.  i — Chocolate-colored  sandstone  with  some  shale  beds. 
2 — Outcrop  of  iron-stone  concretions. 

Fig-  5- 

SECTION   63  . 
AT     CLINTON,  HENRY   CO    . 


S-o 


ir1S*Z*lsi&*££s3*S*£^^ 


=— ~^r=     25-o 


3 — 5  feet  shale — drab,  sandy  and  ochreous  ;  coal-smut  at  bottom. 
A  little  above  the  base  is  5*^  inches  of  red  calcareous  iron-stone, 
abounding  in  fossils,  including  Pr.  muricatus,  Hemipronites  crassus, 
Ch.  mesoloba,  Ch.  Verneuiliana,  Spr.plano-convexus,  Discina  (small 


22  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

sp.).  This  stratum  is  of  even  thickness,  and  jointed  by  planes 
perpendicular  to  the  deposit ;  has  evidently  been  a  limestone,  now 
changed  to  an  iron  ore.  I  regard  it  as  equivalent  to  the  layer  of 
ferruginous  iron-stone  seen  in  the  railroad  cut  at  Calhoun. 

4 — Outcrop  of  sandstone. 

5 — 5  feet  shale  to  outcrop  of  crumbling   sandstone  with    Sigil- 
laria. 

6 — 4  feet  shales — dark  blue  below. 

7 — I J/2  feet  sandstone. 

8 — 2  feet  outcrop  of  coal-smut. 

9 — Hard  shelly  sandstone  with  Stigmaria,  Dip    10°,  N.  10°   E. 
mag.c. 

10—25  feet  shales  to  branch  ;  rather  slaty  below. 
The  Section  at  Calhoun  is  as  follows : — 

No.  I — 6  feet  brownish  sandstone. 

2 — I  foot  red  sandy  iron-stone. 

3 — 27  feet  light  drab  shaly  sandstone,  with  a  6-inch  stratum  at 
top,  abounds  in  Canlerpites  •  the  lower  3  feet  is  ochreous. 

4 — i  foot  dark  shales. 

5 — i  foot  shaly  coal  and  bituminous  shales;  sulphur  efflores- 
cence on  the  outcrop. 

6 — 3  feet  shales. 

7 — 4  inches  to  2  feet  buff  and  light  drab  sandstone  abounding  in 
Stigmaria  ficoides. 

8 — i  foot  clay. 

9 — 6  inches  rotten  coal  and  clay  shales. 

IO — 3  feet  clay,  greenish  with  brown  tinge. 

ii — i  foot  rotten  coal. 

12 — 2  feet  clay. 

The  beds  here  undulate  somewhat.  In  the  first  small  cut  west  of 
railroad  bridge,  the  Stigmaria  sandstone  is  seen  6  feet  above  the 
railroad  track,  I  foot  thick  and  apparently  level;  crossing  a 
valley  about  400  feet  wide  to  the  next  cut  west,  the  sandstone  is 
4  feet  above  the  track,  and  3  feet  in  thickness,  at  which  place  it 
furnishes  a  good  quarry  rock.  Fifty  feet  farther  it  dips  beneath 
the  track,  and  is  concealed  for  eighty  feet,  when  it  again  rises  and 
in  a  short  distance  is  four  feet  above  the  track,  and  apparently 
level  for  600  feet.  A  short  valley  here  intervenes,  beyond  which 
we  find  the  upper  numbers  of  our  section,  as  quoted  above. 


LOWER  COAL-MEASURES.  23 

Sec.  59. 

No.  i — Ochre  shales  with  hollow  iron-stone  concretions. 

2 — 6  inches  ferrruginous  limestone ;  weathers  with  a  red  crust 
and  contains  Brachiopoda,  including  Pr.  muricatus,  Pr.  Pratteni- 
anus,  Chonetes  Verneniliana.  The  interior  of  the  rock  is  a  drab 
ash ;  next  is  a  ^-inch  red  band,  then  ^  to  ^  inch  composed  of  red 
and  brown  alternations  and  brown  exterior. 

This  may  probably  be  equivalent  to  the  ferruginous  fossil  stratum 
at  Clinton. 

Fig.  6. 

SECTION   59  . 
AT   CALHOUN  , HENRY    CO. 


3 — I  foot  sandy  shales. 

4 — 5  inches  rotten  coal  and  slate. 

5 — i  foot  blue  and  ochrey  shales.  Drab  sandy  shales  occur 
about  15  feet  beneath,  resting  on  sandy  iron-stone.  The  latter  is 
6  inches  thick  at  its  lower  extremity,  where  it  dips  beneath  rail- 
road grade,  thinning  out  at  fifteen  feet,  and  covered  unconform- 
ably  by  sandy  shales.  (See  sketch.) 

There  is  a  white  efflorescence  on  the  shales  below  the  iron  bed, 
and  a  similar  deposit,  on  the  overlying  shales. 

The  accompanying  sketch  shows  the  position  of  the  bed  and  its 
dip. 

At  Laban  Parks,  i^£  mile  north  of  Calhoun,  the  upper  series  of 
the  Calhoun  rocks  contains  a  good  red  hematite  in  considerable 
quantities. 

A  vertical  section  of  rocks  here  would  exhibit — 

No.  I — Soil. 

2 — Deposit  of  porous  red  hematite :  about  3  feet.  Good  iron 
ore. 

3 — 3  feet  brown  ochre  concretions. 


24  GEOLOG  Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

4 — 24  feet  sandstone  —  upper  portion  drab  and  buff — ripple 
marked  ;  brown  toward  bottom. 

5 — 1 1  feet  bluish  drab  and  shaly  sandstone. 

6 — Dark  streak  of  apparently  rotten  coal— No.  5  of  Calhoun 
section. 

Fig.  7. 

SECTION    57 
AT   LABAN    PA  HKS 
l£  MILES     NORTH    OF    CALHOUN    . 

'^fe^^trr 

L-J  

'"'fttb     HEMATITE 
'iSVKJDNEY    ORE 


Similar  iron  ore  is  said  to  occur  at  several  other  localities  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Calhoun. 

Across  Tebo  creek,  one  mile  north-east  of  Calhoun,  the  upper 
sandstone  beds  are  quite  ferruginous,  both  brown  or  red.  Two  and  a 
half  miles  east  of  Calhoun,  at  Henry  Neff's  mines,  we  find  the 
following  :  — 

No.  i — 6  feet  brown  sandstone,  abounding  in  concretions  of 
brown  hematite. 

2 — 5  feet  shales. 

$ — 2  feet  coal. 

One  hundred  and  fifty  feet  west,  we  find 

No.  I — Sandstone. 

2 — I  foot  dark  shales,  with  seams  of  rotten  coal,  sometimes 
thickening  to  6  inches. 

3 — 1}4  foot  to  3  feet  sandy  shales  with  Stigmaria,  and  streaks 
of  coal. 

4 — 14  inches  lead  blue  clay. 

5 — 2  feet  coal. 

The  quality  of  the  coal  at  these  openings  seems  poor ;  later 
drifts  have  been  pushed  into  the  hill,  at  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
east,  disclosing  a  better  quality.  The  seam  here  is  3  feet  thick, 
described  as  follows  : — 


LOWER  COAL-MEASURES.  2$ 

No.  i — 6  inches  at  top  with  shining  black  bands,  other  dull 
streaks,  and  a  few  concretionary  bands  of  pyrites. 

2 — 4  inches  just  beneath  the  above,  like  it,  but  has  charcoal 
partings. 

3 — 6  inches  or  more,  at  the  middle  of  bed.  Is  shiny,  with  car- 
bonaceous partings  and  brown  rust  on  the  joints  ;  said  to  be  a  good 
blacksmith's  coal. 

4 — Specimens  from  16  inches  above  the  bottom  resemble  the 
last.  At  ten  to  sixteen  inches  above  the  bottom  iron  pyrites  is 
intercalated.  Ten  inches  from  the  bottom  a  2-inch  seam  of  bitu- 
minous clay  was  observed. 

Proximate  analysis  of  top  coal  at  Neff 's  by  Mr.  Chauvenet : — 

Water 5.89 

Volatile 38.01 

Fixed  carbon 39-97 

Ash . . . .' 16.13 

Color  of  ash,  chocolate. 

At  a  bluff  three  hundred  feet  east  of  the  last,  the  coal  is  capped 
by  ten  inches  of  sandstone,  and  dips  west. 

At  the  east  end  the  sandstone  reposes  directly  on  the  coal.  In 
the  middle  exposure  of  the  bluff,  the  coal  is  capped  by  a  lenticular 
bed  of  ferruginous  conglomerate,  forty  feet  long,  one  and  a  half  foot 
thick  in  the  middle  and  tapering  to  a  point  each  way.  (See  sketch, 
Sec.  No.  54.) 

Fig.  8. 

SECTION     5V. 
HENRY   CO  . 


The  coal  rests  on  soft  gray  sandstone,  containing  Stigmaria 
ficoides,  a  few  feet  of  which  was  exposed. 

On  the  road  from  Calhoun  to  Windsor  are  many  exposures  of 
soft  brown  sandstone. 

At  Thos.  Dillon's,  in  Sec.  21,  T.  43,  R.  24,  we  have 


26  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

Section  48. 

No.  i — 25  to  30  feet  mostly  soft,  light  brown  sandstone  ;  a  few 
beds  are  hard  enough  to  form  a  tolerably  good  building  material- 
occasional  remains  of  large  forms  of  Sigillarice  and  Catamites 
are  found. 

2 — Smut  from  coal. 

3 — 6  feet  shaly  slope. 

4 — 2  feet  yellow  sandstone  at  bottom. 

5 — 22  inches  outcrop  of  coal  :  upper  half  rotten,  lower  part  firm. 

6 — 14  feet  sandy  shales. 

7 — Sandstone  in  creek  with  Lepidodendron,  Sigillarice,  Cor- 
daites,  &c. 

The  equivalence  of  the  coal  of  this  section  with  that  at  Nefi's  is 
apparent. 

Further  up  the  creek  which  passes  this  place,  in  Sec.  17,  T.  43,  R. 
24,  on  land  of  H.  C.  Mullins,  is  a  thin  coal-seam,  which  probably 
occupies  a  higher  geological  position. 

Our  section  here  is  about  this  : — 

No.  i — 6  feet  soft  sandstone. 

2 — 6  feet  clay,  and  outcrop  of  shelly  limestone. 

3 — 30  feet  slope. 

4 — i  foot  coarse  conglomerate. 

5 — 6  feet  thinly  laminated  shales,  with  about  ten  bands  of  carbon- 
ate of  iron,  varying  from  ^  to  i^  inch  in  thickness. 

6 — 8  to  10  inches  coal ;  said  to  be  thicker  elsewhere. 

7 — 7  feet  clay,  with  occasional  brown  and  nodular  layers  of  soft 
sandstone. 

8 — \y2  inch  jointed  pyritiferous  bed,  looking  at  a  short  dis- 
tance like  an  outcrop  of  coal,  and  similar  to  the  pyritiferous  layer 
at  bottom  of  Williamson's  and  Hughes'  coal.  The  rocks  dip  south 
60°  west — about  one  in  twenty. 

Organ's  Coal  Mine,  south-east  Sec.  34,  T.  44,  R.  24. 

No.  I — Olive  and  blue  shales,  abounding  in  ferns  and  Corda- 
ites,  &c. 

2 — 3  inches  coal. 

3 — 10  inches  blue  clay  in  thin  laminae. 

4 — 23  inches  coal,  with  band  of  iron  pyrites  near  the  bottom,  in 
even  layers  of  one  inch,  and  another  a  little  thicker. 

A  proximate  analysis  of  the  bottom  by  Mr.  Chauvenet,  gives  : — 


LOWER  COAL-MEASURES.  27 

Water 8.48     • 

Volatile 33-96 

Fixed  carbon 43. 16 

Ash 14.40 

Color  of  ash,  chocolate. 

Several  shafts  have  been  sunk  and  a  good  deal  of  mining  done 
on  B.  Williamson's  land,  near  western  part  of  south-east  of  south- 
west of  Sec.  35,  and  eastern  part  of  south-west,  south-west  Sec. 
35,  T.  44,  R.  24.     The  section  here  is  : — 
No.  i — Limestone  in  loose  masses. 

2 — 15  feet  slope  ;  outcrop  of  sandstone  at  lower  part ;  somewhat 
ferruginous. 

3 — 10  inches  coal. 

4 — i  foot  clay  in  thin  laminae. 

5 — 2^  to  3  feet  coal :  good  quality. 

6 — 6  inches  pyritiferous  rock. 

7 — 6  inches  coal. 

A  proximate  analysis  by  Mr.  Chauvenet  gives  : — 

Water 7.76 

Volatile 44-77 

Fixed  carbon 43-32 

Ash 4. 1 5 

Color  of  ash,  dark  purple;  cokes  tolerably  well. 

From  loose  debris  lying  near  the  mouth  of  the  pit,  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  stream,  I  obtained  a  number  of  fossils  from  calcareo- 
ferruginous  rocks,  quarried,  very  likely,  from  above  the  coal,  and 
including,  Naticopsis  Altonensis,  Spr.  cameratus,  Prod,  muricatus, 
Spr.  plano-convexus,  Spr.  Kentuckensis ,  Spr.  lineatus,  Nucula  ven- 
tricosa,  Pleurotomaria  sph&nilata,  Loxonema,  Orthoceras  cribro- 
sum,  Edmondia,  Chonetes  mesoloba,  Athyris  subtilita.  Associated 
with  the  above  were  fragments  of  septaria,  intersected  with  minute 
calcite  veins  which  are  sometimes  replaced  by  zinc  blende.  There 
is  a  dip  here  of  10°  to  15°  west,  as  shown  by  the  presence  of  sand- 
stone in  the  creek,  two  hundred  yards  below.  Coal  is  mined  in  the 
creek,  two  miles  south  of  Windsor,  on  the  land  of  Mr.  Hunton. 
On  the  land  of  B.  Hughes,  at  East  County  line,  two  miles  south  of 
Windsor,  we  find  a  shaft  sunk  15  feet  to  coal,  34  inches  thick, 
including  a  2-inch  pyritous  band,  cutting  off  2  or  3  inches  of  coal  at 
the  bottom.  The  coal  is  quite  iridescent. 


28  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

On  a  small  branch,  one-eighth  of  a  mile  north,  we  find  shaly  sand- 
stone, dipping  west  about  one  in  five.  The  latter  fact  would  tend 
to  show  that  the  coal  of  Hunton,  one-half  a  mile  south-west,  and  at 
a  much  lower  horizon,  is  equivalent  to  that  at  Hughes'. 

The  several  coal  outcrops  south  and  west,  as  well  as  others 
north,  would  indicate  the  existence  of  coal  at  Windsor,  but  bor- 
ings do  not.  Near  Windsor  depot,  borings  have  been  made  137 
feet  deep,  passing  through  80  feet  of  shaly  sandstone,  with  only 
a  few  thin  coal-seams  in  the  first  seventy  feet,  then  sandstone  to  the 
bottom,  at  which  depth  hard  sandstone  was  reached,  into  which 
they  bored  eleven  feet.  The  latter  is  probably  lower  carboniferous. 
This  boring  would  either  indicate  that  our  coal-beds,  above  de- 
scribed in  this  vicinity,  had  thinned  out,  or  (and  the  dip  may  war- 
rant the  conclusion)  that  the  geological  position  of  Williamson's 
coal  is  higher.  From  the  evidence  we  have,  it  seems  probable 
that  the  Windsor  sandstone  dips  beneath  Williamson's  coal.  The 
sandstone  must  also  extend  to  the  base  of  the  coal-measures,  and 
furthermore  belongs  to  a  division  of  the  lower  coal  series,  as  evi- 
denced by  remains  of  ferns  and  other  plants  embraced  in  the  out- 
croppings  in  the  railroad  cut.  It  is  generally  a  soft  brown,  micaceous, 
and  often  shaly  sandstone  ;  often  quite  ferruginous,  and  generally  too 
soft  for  building  purposes.  Three  miles  south  of  Windsor  it  forms 
a  perpendicular  bluff  of  very  irregular,  thick,  but  soft  strata,  repos- 
ing on  five  inches  of  coal.  At  this  place  it  is  cross-laminated. 

In  Section  25,T.  44,  R.  24,  at  the  edge  of  Johnson  County,  we 
have, 

No.  i — 20  feet  sandstone. 

2 — Outcrop  of  septaria — color  blue  black.  The  outer  crust  of 
one  inch,  with  no  perceptible  joint.  The  interior  traversed  by 
joints  supplied  with  brown  and  white  calcite.  Between  the 
inner  and  outer  portions  is  a  beautifully  shaded  brown  band.  At 
one  place  I  observed  a  dark,  blue  black,  heavy  concretionary  lime- 
stone, which  I  refer  to  the  same  horizon  as  the  septaria.  It  is 
very  fine-grained,  with  occasional  lines  and  specks  of  white  and 
brown  calcite,  which  are  probably  the  remains  of  fossils  ;  observed 
Pr.  muricatus  and  Spr.  cameratus. 

3 — Coal-smut. 

4 — 8  feet  slope. 

3 — Greenish  gray  sandstone. 


LOWER  COAL-MEASURES. 


Three-quarters  of  mile  west,  I  observed, 

No.  I — Shales  containing  a  few  red  ochre  concretions. 

2 — \y2  feet  outcrop  of  coal. 

3  —  8  feet  clay  and  shales. 

4 — 8  inches  coal. 

5 — 4  feet  clay. 

Along  the  lower  slope  at  this  place  are  many  tumbled  masses 
of  septaria,  and  black  concretionary  limestone,  abounding  in  fossils, 
supposed  to  have  originated  from  above  the  coal.  Among  the  fos- 
sils I  observed  Pleurotomaria  sphcerulata,  Discina  Missouriensis , 
Cardium  (f),  Lexingtonensis^  Rynchonella  Osagensis,  Pr.  muricatus. 
Coal  is  mined  in  several  places  in  Sections  20,  29,  and  22,  T.  42,  R. 
26.  On  Dr.  G.  W.  Britt's  land,  in  north-east  quarter  of  the  south- 
east quarter  of  Section  29,  it  is  27  inches  thick ;  at  Munson's  in 
north-west  quarter  of  the  north-west  quarter  of  22,  it  is  30  inches, 
and  at  other  openings,  from  25  to  30  inches  thick. 

The  mining  at  these  several  localities  is  along  small  tributaries  of 
Field's  Creek,  and  is  all  near  the  surface  :  the  coal  is  generally  reached 
at  from  six  to  eight  feet.  It  is  easily  mined,  and  water  does  not 
often  interfere  with  mining  operations.  A  general  section  is  thus  : — 

Section  62. 

No.  i — 2  inches  flagstone,  of  arenaceous  limestone,  in  very  even 
inch   layers  : — color   dark    ash-gray  ; 
rings  under  the  hammer. 

2 — i  foot  to  2  feet  shales. 

3 — 16  inches  to  2  feet  limestone  ; 
deep  ash  blue  ;  jointed  in  rhomboidal 
blocks  ;  rings  under  the  hammer  ;  its 
weathered  surface  shows  minute  re- 
mains of  fossils  in  relief. 

4 — 2.y>,  feet  calcareous  shales,  Spr. 
cameratiis  and  Pr.  muricatus. 

5 — \y2  foot  bituminous  shale,  con- 
taining grayish,  globular  concretions, 
and  sometimes  embracing  lenticular 
beds  of  dark  limestone,  which  abounds 
in  fossils,  including,  Solenomya  radi- 
ata,  Nucula  ventricosa,  Ch.  meso- 
laba,  Ch.  Verneuiliana,  Prod,  muri- 


Fig.  9. 

SECTION  62 
G.M.  BRITTS  .  HENfW   CO  . 


17-50 


30  GEOLOG Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

catus,  Pr.  Nebrascensis,  Nautilus  ferratus,  N.  Spirifer  lineatus, 
Hemipronites  crassus,  Spirifer  cameratus,  Pleurotomaria  sphceru- 
lata,  Orthoceras  cribrosum,  Edmondia  glabra?  Loxonema  cerithi- 
formis,  Polyphemopsis  peracuta,  P.  inornata. 

6 — 27  to  30  inches  coal. 

7 — 5  to  6  feet  clay  and  shales. 

8 — 2  to  4  inches  coal. 

9 — 3  feet  sandy  clay  passing  into  a  sandstone,  containing  Stig- 

maria. 

\ 

10 — 2  feet  clay. 

The  lower  part  of  this  Section  is,  I  think,  equivalent  to  the 
upper  part  of  the  upper  extension  of  Section  61,  previously  men- 
tioned. 

A  proximate  analysis  of  G.  M.  Britts's  coal  by  Mr.  Chauvenet 
gives  : — 

TOP.  MIDDLE. 

Water 2.89  3.88 

Volatile 28.55  43-67 

Fixed  carbon $0.71  43-42 

Ash I7-85  9-°3 

Color  of  ash  — reddish  with  white  specks.  Light  gray. 

The  coal  in  the  Osage  Coal  Co.'s  shaft  on  the  railroad  two  and  a 
half  miles  south-west  of  Calhoun,  I  regard  as  equivalent  to  Britts's 
coal. 

The  following  is  from  observations  made  at  the  Osage  Coal  Co.'s 
mines  by  C.  J.  Norwood,  November  7th,  1872  :— 

"These  mines  are  located  on  the  M.  K.  and  T.  Railroad,  two 
and  a  half  miles  south-west  of  Calhoun.  The  coal  here  is  reached 
by  means  of  a  shaft,  sunk  to  the  depth  of  sixty  feet.  There  are 
two  veins;  the  first,  in  descending  order,  is  from  18  to  20  inches 
thick  and  about  forty  feet  below  the  surface ;  this  vein  is  not 
worked  at  the  present  time,  but  I  am  told  that  formerly  some  coal 
was  taken  from  here. 

The  second  is  the  one  worked  at  present,  and  averages  28 
inches  in  thickness.  The  following  is  a  section  of  what  could  be 
seen  in  going  down  the  shaft : 

No.  i — 40  feet — Soil,  clay,  etc. 

2 — I  Vz  foot  coal. 

3 — ii  feet — cribbing. 


LOWER  COAL-MEASURES.  31 

4 — \y^  feet  hard,  fine-grained,  dove-colored  silicious  (?)  limestone  ; 
breaks  with  a  conchoidal  fracture  in  one  compact  bed  ;  remains  of 
Athyris^)  was  the  one  fossil  seen. 

5 — i]/?,  foot  dark  pyritiferous  shales,  containing  Spr.  Cameratus, 
Athyris  sttbtilita,  Spr.  plano-convexus,  etc. 

6 — 8  in.  bituminous  shale.  This  shale  furnishes  a  good  roof  for 
the  coal. 

7 — 24  to  32  inches  coal. 

8 — i  foot  clay.     Nos.  5  to  8  are  seen  in  the  mine. 

In  some  places  several  thin  seams  of  iron  pyrites  occur  in  the 
coal :  at  one  place  I  noticed  as  many  as  five,  and  from  three  to  four 
inches  apart.  At  five  inches  from  the  bottom  of  the  coal,  a  streak  of 
pyritiferous  shale  occurs.  It  also  contains  considerable  carbonate  of 
lime.  In  the  overlying  shales  pyritiferous  concretions,  of  different 
sizes  and  shapes,  are  found — some  globular,  others  lenticular,  and 
others  again  appear  to  have  been  at  one  time  two,  but  which  have 
coalesced  so  as  to  form  one.  The  prevailing  shape  is  globular. 
When  broken  open,  iron  pyrites  is  displayed  at  the  centre.  They 
sometimes  contain  fossils ;  in  one  specimen  we  find  a  Plcurotoma- 
ria  as  the  nucleus.  Some  are  quite  large  and  heavy,  and  some- 
times break  down  the  shales  overhead ;  then  they  are  removed  and 
the  limestone  (No.  4)  is  left  as  the  roof.  In  some  places  there  are 
slips,  or,  as  the  miners  say,  "  horsebacks  ;  "  that  is,  the  coal  is 
crushed  down  or  interrupted  by  the  overlying  shales,  thus  : — 


HORSEBACK  IN   OSAGE  COAL  MINES  . 


These  "  horsebacks  "  do  not  extend  very  far,  but  are  great  draw- 
backs to  the  miner.  At  these  interrupted  places  the  coal  is  gener- 
ally very  slaty  and  hard  to  mine.  There  are  two  entries  at  the 
bottom  of  the  shaft,  running  north-west  and  south-east,  one  on 
each  side  of  the  shaft,  as  seen  by  the  accompanying  diagram. 

"  In  the  south-east  entry  there  are  eight  rooms,  and  in  the  north- 
west twelve.  The  south-east  entry  is  about  80  yards  in  length. 
The  mine  is  damp  and  badly  ventilated. 

"The  coal,  when  cleaned  of  the  pyrites  (which  is  attempted),  is 
good. 


32  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

A  proximate  analysis  of  Mr.  Chauvenet  gives : — 

Water 5.65 

Volatile 36.95 

Fixed  carbon 41 . 87 

Ash 1 5.33 

Color  of  ash,  light  gray. 

Section  46 — taken  at  Mr.  B.  Williamson's — includes  rocks  be- 
longing to  the  middle  coal-measures,  as  follows  : — 

No.  i — 33  feet  slope,  from  the  top  of  the  mound ;  about  the 
middle  are  tumbled  masses  of  drab  limestone,  containing  Fusulina 
cylindrica,  with  numerous  broken  forms  of  Chcetetes  milleporaceus. 

2 — Outcrop  of  bluish  drab  limestone  :  slate  said  to  underlie  it, 
and  at  six  or  seven  feet  below  the  limestone  is  16  inches  of  coal. 

3 — 24  feet  slope. 

4 — \y%  feet  outcrop  ;  lower  part  limestone;  the  upper  6  inches 
a  coarse,  soft,  brown  ochre,  abounding  in  fossils,  mostly  univalves ; 
contains  Pr.  Prattenianus,  Chonetes  mesoloba,  Aviculopecten,  Pleu- 
notomaria  sphceridata,  Loxonema. 

5 — 3  feet  olive  drab  shales. 

6 — 10  feet  slope. 

7 — 4  feet  outcrop  of  bluish  drab  shelly  limestone  ;  upper  portion 
brown  specked,  and  rings  under  the  hammer. 

Below  this  it  is  probably  not  over  fifty  feet  to  the  coal,  cor- 
responding to  the  working  vein  of  Williamson's. 

Mr.  Chauvenet  observes  concerning  the  analyses  of  Henry 
County  coals,  that  there  is  no  good  coking  coal  in  the  county  ;  that 
Britts's  top  will  coke,  but  has  26  per  cent,  ash  ;  that  Munn's  is 
the  best  coal  on  the  list,  Williamson's  about  as  good, — also  Owen's. 

From  Windsor  to  Brownsville. — On  John  R.  Gray's  land,  in 
Johnson  County,  Sec.  I,  T.  44,  R.  24,  coal  has  been  taken  out  at 
several  places,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  west  of  Mr.  G.'s  house,  along  a 
branch  ;  also  farther  down  same  branch,  on  land  of  Mr.  Owsley. 
The  section  of  rocks  is  as  follows  : 

Sec.  45- 

No.  2 — 2.y2  feet  blue-black  shales,  containing  a  few  Brachiopods, 
Chonetes,  etc. 

3 — 4  inches  bituminous  shales,  containing  a  few  fossils  :  Discina 
Missouriensis \  etc. 

4 — 2  feet  bituminous  limestone,  abounds  in  Brackiopoda,  viz., 


LOWER  COAL-MEASURES. 


33 


Pr.  semireticulatus,  Pr.  muricattis,  Pr.  costatus,  Athyris  subtilita, 
Spr.  cameratus,  Chonetes  mesoloba,  Discina,  and  Pleurotomaria 
spkcerulata. 

Fig.  ii. 
SECTIONS     NEAR    W  IN  D  S  OR   t  H  EN  R.  Y   CO  . 


tt:  9 


O  G  A  N 


B  .  HUGHES. 


5 — 10  inches  coal. 

6 — 4  feet  fire-clay  ;  upper  part  blue  ;  the  upper  I  y%  feet  olive 
streaked  with  brown  ;  then  I  foot  green  and  sandy  clay,  with  efflo- 
rescence on  the  surface  ;  the  lower  part  is  brown. 

Mr.  Gray  sunk  a  well  at  his  house  on  the  hill,  forty  feet  deep, 
reaching  sandstone  at  fifteen  feet,  and  coal  on  the  bottom.  A 
long,  gentle  slope,  extending  a  half  a  mile  east,  reaches  a  branch, 
along  which  are  exposed  outcrops  of  lower  carboniferous  chert, 
mingled  with  white  clay,  and  overlaid  by  sandstone  resting  un- 
conformably  on  it. 

The  house  of  Mr.  Gray  is  66  feet  above  this  sandstone  outcrop, 
and  the  coal  only  being  40  feet  below  the  level  of  the  ground  at 
the  house,  we  would  naturally  suppose  this  to  be  the  lowest  coal  in 
the  neighborhood. 

At  Pettis  County  line  on  Muddy  Creek,  we  observed  some 
lower  carboniferous  chert. 

From  the  top  of  a  high  mound  at  Elijah  Cook's,  in  Sec.  14,  T. 
47,  R.  24,  I  made  Sec.  44,  along  the  slopes,  to  the  valley  north- 
ward, as  follows  : 


34 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


Fig.  12. 

SECTION  **•<•-, 
JOHNSON  CO  . 


7-6 


No.  I — 12  feet  slope,  from  the  hilltop  to  outcrop  of  shelly  limestone. 
2 — 38  feet  slope. 

3 — 19  inches  ash-blue  fine-grained  limestone  in  even  beds,  joint- 
ed, and  weathering  brown. 

4 — 2  feet  bituminous  shale. 
5 — H  inches  coal ;  vein  said  to  range  from 
i  foot  to  15  inches. 
6 — 19  feet  slope. 

7 — 5  inches  tough,  coarse  blue  limestone. 
8 — 3  feet  sandy  shales  and  sandstone. 
9 — 25  feet  slope;  appearances  of  iron  concre- 
tions, and  occasional  outcrops  of  sandy  shales. 

10 — i   foot  outcrop  grayish  drab  limestone, 
resting  on  black  shales. 

1 1 — A  few  feet  of  sandy  shales. 
12 — 20  feet  slope. 

13 — 10  feet,    including  a  few  feet   of   hard 
greenish-gray  sandstone. 
14 — 30  feet  slope. 
15 — A  few  inches  black  clay. 
1 6 — 71^  feet  light-blue  clay. 
17 — 1 1/£  feet  brown  ochrey  clay,  full  of  small 
selenite  crystals. 
1 8 — 1 6  inches  shelly  red  limestone;  contains  Pr.  muricatus. 
19 — 2  feet  shales,  upper  part  dark  olive  :  the  middle  6  inches  in- 
cludes a  white  deposit;    the  lower  part  is  brown,  abounding  in 
gypsum. 

20 — 6  inches  soft  black  shales. 
21 — ii  inches  bituminous  coal. 
22 — 3  feet  fire-clay. 

23 — 3  feet  rough  ferruginous  bed,  with  gypsum  in  the  crevices. 
24 — 2.y2  feet  clay  shales. 
25 — 8  inches  thin-bedded  sandstone. 
26 — 5  inches  coal. 
27 — 3  feet  fire-clay. 

Total,  175  feet  from  the  bottom  of  No.  i.  The  upper  half  of  the 
section  is  undoubtedly  middle  coal-measures,  the  lower  part  in- 
cluding lower  coal-measure  rocks.  About  two  miles  north  are  the 
coal-mines,  generally  known  as  the  Dunksburgh  Mines  y  they  lie 


LOWER  COAL-MEASURES. 


35 


J.W 


Fig-  13- 
SECTION  «*2 
PORTER .JOHNSON   CO. 


about  2.T/2  miles  south-west  of  Dunksburgh,  and  include  quite  a 
number  of  openings.  The  coal-bed  which  is  worked  lies  quite  low 
in  the  lower  measures,  near  the  base.  The  only  one  worked  much, 
when  I  was  in  the  neighborhood,  was  that  of  John  W.  Porter, 
leased  by  George  W.  Wilson  ;  they  have  a  shaft  sunk  20  feet  to  the 
coal,  from  the  bottom  of  which  entries  are  extended.  A  section 
(Sec.  42)  shows  : 

No.  I — 4  feet  clay. 

2 — 8  feet  shaly  sandstone. 

3 — 2  feet  soft  blue  shale. 

4 — 20  inches  to  2  feet  hard  black 
slate. 

5 — 2  feet  4  inches  to  2  feet  6  inches 
coal. 

6 — 2  feet  soft  rotten  coal. 

No.  4  resembles  some  varieties  of 
coal,  and  measured  16  inches  at  the 
bottom  of  the  shaft,  with  a  2-inch 
band  of  hard,  calcareo-pyritiferous 
shale  at  the  top.  Plates  of  carbonate 
of  lime  occur  between  the  joints  of  the 
coal,  and  a  few  large  masses  of  iron 
pyrites  are  occasionally  found. 

The  top  coal  is  said  to  ignite  more 
readily  and  burn  quicker,  but  does  not  possess  as  great  heat- 
ing power  as  the  bottom.  At  the  foot  of  the  hill  to  the  north  I  ob- 
served outcrops  of  shaly  sandstone.  Following  down  the  branch 
toward  Blackwater,  we  find  outcrops  of  thick-bedded,  fine-grained, 
light  buff  and  brown  sandstone.  Three-quarters  of  a  mile  north-east 
from  Porter's  mine  Mr.  John  Parks  has  extended  into  the  hill  quite 
a  number  of  horizontal  drifts,  but  all  were  in  a  tumbled,  unused 
condition  when  I  made  my  examinations.  I  here  made  Sec.  41. 

No.  i — Slope  with  fragments  of  limestone. 

2 — I  foot  drab  and  blue  shale. 

3 — 6  inches  deep  blue,  shelly   bituminous   limestone  ;   contains 
Chonetes  Verneuiliana  and  Spr.  cameratus. 

4 — 20  inches  blue  and  bituminous  shale. 

5 — 16  inches  bituminous  coal. 

At  the  north  part  of  the  workings  I  observed  eight  feet  of  sand- 


36  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

stone,  occupying  a  lower  horizon  than  the  coal,  and  dipping  south 
IO°.  Two  hundred  yards  south  I  observed  a  sandstone  on  the 
hill-top.  I  regard  this  coal  equivalent  to  the  bed  at  Porter's  ;  it  is 
probably  also  equivalent  to  J.  R.  Gray's. 

ROCKS  NEAR  BROWNSVILLE,  IN  PETTIS  COUNTY. 

At  Dr.  Ryland  Tuck's,  in  the  east  part  of  Sec.  21,  T.  48,  R.  23. 

Section  40. 

No.  i — 12  feet  clay. 

2 — 44  feet  sandstone. 

3 — 7  feet  silico-calcareous  flagstone  and  shales,  similar  to  the  rock 
over  the  coal  at  Jordan's,  on  Grand  river,  Henry  County. 

4 — 3  feet  ochrey  and  bituminous  shale,  with  some  iron  pyrites, 
and  containing  ferns  and  Cordaites. 

5 — 16  inches  coal. 

6 — Fire-clay. 

A  portion  of  the  above  section  includes  rocks  passed  through  in 
sinking  a  well ;  the  notes  were  furnished  me  by  Dr.  Tuck,  and  after- 
wards proved  by  outside  measurements  of  mine.  About  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  yards  north-west,  a  coarse,  bluish-gray  limestone 
appears  in  the  bed  of  the  branch,  which  is  undoubtedly  of  lower 
carboniferous  age.  Rocks  similar  to  No.  3  of  above  section  were 
observed  cropping  out  in  the  road  at  Dunksburgh. 

On  the  west  half  of  the  south-west  quarter  of  Section  1 5 ,  T.  48,  R. 
23,  on  W.  T.  Collin's  land,  two  shafts  have  been  sunk  fifty  to  sixty 
feet,  passing  through  sandstone  and  calcareo-silicious  flagstone  to 
coal,  said  to  vary  from  18  inches  to  3  feet  in  thickness.  Lower  car- 
boniferous chert  and  limestone  occur  in  the  valley  below,  and  but 
little  lower  than  the  horizon  of  the  coal. 

The  thickness  of  sandstone  in  this  vicinity  is  probably  about 
fifty  feet,  and  it  affords  a  very  excellent  building  material.  Col- 
lin's quarries  are  about  three-quarters  of  a  mile  east  of  the  above- 
named  shafts.  I  have  elsewhere  noticed  them  in  accounts  of 
building-stones.  The  coal-bank  of  Louis  Bohm,  in  Saline  County, 
four  miles  west  of  Brownsville,  is  probably  the  equivalent  of  those 
last  named.  It  is  overlaid  by  7  feet  of  variegated  shale,  separat- 
ing it  from  sandstone.  One  foot  of  black  clay  rests  immediately 
on  the  coal.  The  upper  one  foot  of  the  seam  is  crumbly  and  shaly  ; 
the  lower  16  inches  is  good  coal. 


LOWER  COAL-MEASURES.  37 

An  analysis  of  the  top  coal  by  Mr.  Chauvenet  gives  : — 

Water 6.02 

Volatile 4O-33 

Fixed  carbon 42.09 

Ash 1 1 . 56 

Color  of  ash,  pink. 

The  beds  connecting  the  lower  coal-measures  with  the  "chert 
beds  "  and  Encrinital  limestone  were  identified  at  several  places 
near  Brownsville,  as  follows  : — 

Sec.  38,  one  and  a  half  miles  east. 

No.  i — ii  feet  slope,  with  tumbled  masses  of  brown  sandstone. 

Lower  coal-measures. 

2 — 25  feet  brown  and  light-colored  sandy  clay. 

3 — 8  feet  brown  and  ochrey  shales. 

4 — 3  feet  white  clay. 

5 — 2  feet  concretionary  hematite. 

6 — 6  inches  brown  and  red  sandstone. 

7 — 8  inches  chert  and  purple  clay. 

Encrinital  limestone  appears  a  short  distance  down  the  branch. 

At  the  flagstone  quarry,  half  a  mile  east  of  Brownsville,  Sec.  39. 

No.  i — 7  feet  slope  from  hill-top. 

2 — 10  feet  outcrop  of  brown  and  chocolate-colored  sandstone  ; 
the  same  as  seen  at  Collin's  quarry,  and  No.  2.  of  Sec.  40. 

3 — 10  feet  slope. 

4 — A  few  inches  band  of  black  clay. 

5 — 2  feet  drab  shales. 

6 — 4  feet  blue,  and  sometimes  mottled  blue  and  drab,  calcareo- 
silicious  and  slightly  bituminous  flagstone  ;  occurs  in  layers,  varying 
from  one  inch  to  a  foot.  This  equals  No.  3  of  Sec.  40,  and  is  also 
represented  by  the  calcareous  slate  overlying  the  coal  of  Jordan's 
on  Grand  river,  Henry  County. 

This  rock  is  very  much  used  in  the  construction  of  sidewalks  at 
Brownsville,  for  which  it  is  very  suitable,  being  in  even  layers  and 
quite  strong.  Fossils  seem  to  be  rare  ;  I  observed  obscure  remains 
of  ferns. 

7 — 50  feet  slope. 

8 — 14  feet  of  gray  Encrinital  limestone  in  branch. 

Pyrites  occurs  in  No.  6,  and  near  the  outside  is  generally  re- 


38  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

placed  by  oxide  of  iron.  I  do  not  imagine  the  pyrites  to  be  so 
abundant  as  to  mar  the  usefulness  of  this  for  ordinary  purposes. 
Outcrops  of  this  rock  are  seen  at  several  places  in  ravines  near  the 
line  of  Saline  and  Lafayette  Counties. 

Around  and  in  Brownsville  are  occasional  outcrops  of  white  chert, 
intermingled  with  potter's  clay,  lying  below  the  coal-measures  and 
above  the  Encrinital  limestone  ;  I  could  not  obtain  the  proper  thick- 
ness, but  suppose  it  to  be  about  twenty  feet ;  at  the  bottom  is  about 
one  foot  of  red  and  yellow  ochre.  Below  the  bridge  on  Black- 
water  we  find  about  twenty  feet  slope,  strewn  with  tumbled  masses 
and  fragments  of  lower  carboniferous  chert,  resting  on  forty-one 
feet  of  Encrinital  limestone. 

The  section  is  as  follows  : — 

Section  37. 

No.  i — 20  feet  cherty  slope. 

2 — 12  feet  gray,  coarse-grained  limestone  :  upper  part  shelly, 
middle  firm  and  of  a  faint  flesh  tint ;  lower  part  shelly,  abounding 
in  crinoid  stems  and  containing  in  the  lower  part  shelly  limestone 
with  a  little  chert  in  lenticular  forms. 

3 — 5i  feet  limestone  and  chert. 

4 — 13  feet  coarse,  gray  suture-jointed  limestone ;  resembles  No.  2. 

5 — i^  feet  soft,  fine-grained  saccharoidal  limestone. 

6 — \\\  feet  light-gray  or  whitish  limestone.  The  upper  part 
abounds  in  Chonetes  Shumardana,  Ortltis  Mitchellini.  The  lower 
beds  are  firmer,  and  may  afford  a  good  building  material :  they  are 
of  coarse  texture  and  contain  Spr.  striatus.  Sweet  springs  issue 
from  the  beds.  Most  of  the  beds  would  make  good  lime. 

Our  Section  at  Miami,  Saline  County,  includes  Lower  carboni- 
ferous rocks  as  follows  : 

No.  1  =  88  feet  slope — clays  of"  Bluff"  formation. 

2 — A  few  feet  shale. 

3 — 10  to  14  inches,  hard,  light-gray  sandstone,  abounding  in 
Stigmaria  ficoides. 

4 — 4  feet  8  inches  sandy  shale  ;  a  brown  ochreous  layer  in  the 
upper  part  ;  lower  I  foot  dark,  shading  to  black. 

5 — 1 8  inches  coal ;  rather  inferior. 

An  analysis  by  Mr.  Chauvenet  gives  : — 

Water 2. 58 

Volatile 31.52 


LOWER  COAL-MEASURES.  39 

Fixed  carbon 3  5  • :  8 

Ash 3 1 .02 

Color  of  ash,  deep  red. 

6 — 5  feet  slope. 

7 — 4  feet  fire-clay. — Base  of  coal-measures. 

8 — 21  feet  red,  brown,  white  and  olive  clay  :  contains  some  chert, 
Arckimedipora,  other  Bryozoans  and  a  small  Spirifer. 

9 — 5  feet  cherty  mass,  from  above. 

10 — 17^  feet  light  gray  limestone  ;  contains  Spr.  striatus,  Orthis 
Mitchellini,  a  crinoid  (Actinocrinus ?)  and  many  stems.  A  short 
distance  off,  and  over  No.  3  I  observed  black  carbonaceous  matter 
indicating  the  presence  of  coal.  The  coal  No.  5  has  a  2-inch  clay 
seam  intercalated  about  the  middle. 

Bates  and  Vernon  Coal-Fields. 

Near  the  line  of  Bates  and  Vernon  are  numerous  outcrops  of  coal, 
varying  from  2  to  3  feet.  It  can  be  mined  with  but  little  trouble  ; 
the  only  drawback  to  its  present  success  is  want  of  proper  transpor- 
tation. It  crops  out  along  valleys,  about  50  feet  below  the  general 
elevation  of  the  country,  or  about  150  feet  below  the  top  of  the 
highest  mounds.  A  bed  crops  out  near  the  base  of  Brushy  mound 
which  may  probably  be  a  lower  bed.  A  section  here  of  the  rocks 
near  the  water  is  as  follows  : — 

No.  i — Sandstone. 

2 — 2  feet  3  inches  coal. 

3 — 4  inches  shales  and  coal. 

4 — 5  feet  fire-clay. 

5 — 9  feet  shales  with  large  sandy,  ferruginous  nodules  and  lenti- 
cular beds  of  carbonate  of  iron,  occurring  in  2-inch  layers. 

6 — 6  feet  blue  shale  to  ordinary  water  in  the  Marmaton  river. 
On  the  Marmaton,  six  miles  above,  a  one-foot  bed  of  coal  crops 
out  beneath,  containing  beds  of  carbonate  of  iron. 

These  coal-fields  have  not  yet  been  carefully  examined,  and  the 
notes  above  written  are  the  results  of  imperfect  observations, 
made  when  otherwise  engaged,  several  years  ago,  but  I  feel  justi- 
fied in  placing  this  coal  among  the  lower  coal-measures. 


40  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR  TH-  WESTERN  MISSO  URL 


Lafayette  County. 

In  going  from  the  east  line  of  Lafayette  County  to  Lexington, 
we  pass  in  succession  from  the  lower  to  the  middle  coal-measures. 

At  Henry  Franke's  mine,  one  and  a  half  miles  east  of  Concordia, 
I  obtained  the  following  section — No.  36. 

No.  i — 24  feet  earthy  slope. 

2 — 2  feet  sandstone. 

3 — 14  inches  pyritiferous  limestone. 

4 — 5i  feet  slate  enclosing  pyritiferous  concretions. 

5 — 3  inches  slaty  cannel  (?)  coal. 

6 — 21  inches  bituminous  coal. 

7 — 2  inches  slate  and  coal. 

8 — 2^  feet  fire-clay. 

9 — Clay  and  sandstone. 

No.  5  is  hard,  has  a  dull  appearance,  splintery  fracture,  and  appears 
like  semi-bituminous  coal  and  slate,  or  cannel  coal.  A  few  inches  of 
the  top  coal  has  joints  lined  with  iron  pyrites,  with  an  occasional  simi- 
lar horizontal  seam.  Calcite  plates  are  sometimes  introduced  and 
the  pyrites  is  seen  blending  with  them.  The  coal  has  charcoal  part- 
ings. The  middle  coal  is  pure  black  and  brilliant,  and  almost  free 
from  iron  pyrites.  Below  the  middle  it  resembles  the  top,  and  in- 
cludes much  iron  pyrites.  The  bottom  coal  is  rather  dull  looking. 
There  is  a  probability  that  the  coal  of  Franke,  and  Graham's, 
which  is  close  by,  may  be  the  equivalent  of  Section  62 — No.  6.  A 
half-mile  north  of  Concordia,  a  coal-seam  of  10  inches  appears  in  a 
ravine,  associated  thus  : — 

No.  i — Sandstone. 

2 — Ochrey  and  clay  shales. 

3 — 2  to  3  feet  ash-blue  calcareous  shales.  Lower  part  abounding 
in  Prod,  muricatus. 

4 — 10  inches  coal. 

5 — Fire-clay. 

This  seam  and  that  of  Franke's  I  am  uncertain  whether  to  place 
in  middle  or  lower  coal  series,  but  their  position  is  probably  near 
top  of  lower  coal-measures. 

A  proximate  analysis  of  Franke's  coal  by  Mr.  Chauvenet  gives  : 


LOWER  COAL-MEASURES.  41 

Water 5-35 

Volatile 42.95 

Fixed  carbon 44.08 

Ash 7.42 

Color  of  ash,  light  brown. 

UPPER   SANDSTONE   OF   THE   LOWER   COAL-MEASURES. 

A  coarse,  generally  thick-bedded,  brown  or  buff  sandstone,  filled 
with  small  particles  of  mica,  is  found  occupying  the  top  of  the  lower 
coal  series.  I  have  observed  it  80  feet  thick  near  Butler,  Bates 
County,  in  coarse,  thick  beds.  It  is  probably  identical  with  the 
sandstone  of  Sugar  Creek,  Cass  County,  although  my  observations 
have  not  been  such  as  to  identify  it.  At  Warrensburgh  it  is  nearly 
a  hundred  feet  thick,  and  north  of  the  town,  for  several  miles,  forms 
the  admirable  building-stone  now  so  extensively  used.  In  the 
quarries  here,  it  can  be  obtained  of  any  desirable  thickness.  It  is 
next  seen  near  Aullville,  Lafayette  County,  on  Gen.  J.  O.  Shelby's 
land.  Several  quarries  are  here  opened,  showing  single  beds  of 
three  feet  in  thickness  of  tolerably  good  building  rock.  Some  of 
the  layers  are  rather  soft ;  the  others  are  somewhat  indurated. 
The  next  place  where  it  was  observed  was  on  the  McCausland  farm, 
two  miles  north  of  Higginsville. 

This  farm  includes  parts  of  Sections  25  and  36,  T.  50,  R-  26,  and 
Sees.  30  and  31,  R.  25.  On  it  are  occasional  outcrops  of  bituminous 
sandstone.  A  good  deal  of  labor  and  money  has  been  expended, 
and  borings  to  the  depth  of  800  feet  were  made  for  oil,  but  none 
reached  in  quantities.  The  rock  is  mostly  soft,  thick-bedded,  but 
some  is  shaly ;  it  appears  blue  and  gray  on  the  weathered  surface, 
but  a  fracture  discloses  a  black  color  and  a  strong  smell  of  mineral 
tar.  It  crops  out  fifteen  to  twenty  feet  thick  near  the  old  works. 
It  was  also  observed  presenting  a  similar  character  a  half  of  a  mile 
south-west.  The  following  notes  I  copy  from  Prof.  Swallow's  re- 
port, published  in  the  Missouri  Republican.  First,  his  section  : 

No.  I — "  Buff  and  brown  marls  and  clay 5  to  50  feet. 

2 — Blue  and  brown  sandy  shales 10  to  50  feet. 

3 — Bluish  gray  and  brown  sandstone 20  to  50  feet. 

4 — Blue  and  brown  sandy  shales , 5  to  50  feet. 

No.  3  is  the  oil-stone." 


42  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URI. 

"  Wherever  this  rock  occurs  on  the  McCausland  farm  it  indicates 
the  presence  of  petroleum  ;  it  is  usually  so  saturated  that  it  plainly 
shows  on  a  fresh  fracture,  and  will  freely  burn  in  the  fire.  The 
sandstone  shows  evidence  of  important  disturbance  since  its  first 
deposition.  It  is  traversed  by  vertical  fractures,  open  at  the  top 
and  running  nearly  east  and  west,  and  the  beds  usually  dip  10°  to  1 5° 
from  this  fracture.  The  fractures  are  filled  with  blue,  plastic  im- 
pure clay." 

"  The  petroleum  is  found  as  solid  asphaltum,  breaking  with 
shiny  fracture,  as  a  dark  viscid  fluid,  like  tar,  and  as  thin  amber- 
colored  oil."  My  time  was  too  limited  to  ascertain  the  extent 
and  thickness  of  the  sandstone.  I  regard  it  as  of  the  same  age 
as  the  Berlin  sandstone  and  that  above  the  mouth  of  the  Tabbo, 
which  would  go  to  prove  that  there  is  a  northerly  dip  of  about 
fifty  feet  in  nine  miles.  The  smell  of  petroleum  was  very  strong 
on  a  fresh  fracture,  and  the  water  in  pools  in  the  branch,  tasted 
quite  unpleasant.  In  its  northern  extension,  this  Lower  coal-meas- 
ure sandstone  crops  out  at  various  points,  low  in  the  bluffs  on  the 
Missouri  river,  from  the  Saline  County  line  to  the  bluffs  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Tabbo.  Fifteen  feet  of  sandstone  crops  out  two 
miles  below  Edwards'  mill,  from  the  edge  of  the  water.  Mr.  Ed- 
wards, in  sinking  a  well  on  the  river  bottom,  pierced  an  eight-inch 
coal-seam  at  eighteen  feet  depth,  and  struck  sandstone  passing  into 
it  forty  feet. 

The  following  is  the  Section  at  Berlin,  made  by  C.  J.  Nor- 
wood : — 

Section  22. 

No.  i — 100  feet  slope  /3o°. 

2 — 14  inches  ashy  blue  argillo-pyritiferous  limestone  in  one  bed  : 
on  the  top  a  thin  shelly  layer  contains  fossils,  viz.: — Bellerophon 
(2  sp.)  large  and  small,  Chonetes,  Crinoid  stems,  Belleroplion 
Montfortiana,  small  univalves,  etc.  Equivalent  to  No.  32  of  the 
Lexington  section. 

3 — 2  feet  bituminous  shales. 

4 — 4  feet  dark  shales. 

5 — 2  feet  yellowish  and  bluish  drab  limestone  ;  top  greenish 
gray ;  abounds  in  Ch.  mesaloba,  and  contains  a  large  Productus, 
also  several  sp.  of  Allorisma. 

6 — 30  feet  slope. 


LOWER  COAL-MEASURES.  43 

7 — 25  feet  sandstone,  generally  soft;  some  parts  indurated; 
mostly  drab,  some  parts  with  brown  specks  ;  plants  and  Catamites. 

8 — 5  feet  sandstone  conglomerate  ;  contains  iron  concretions  and 
silicified  wood,  etc. 

9 — 14  feet  green  sandy  shales  and  shaly  sandstone. 

10 — i  foot  shaly  blue  limestone,  fossils,  etc. 

1 1 — 6  inches  dark,  sandy  limestone,  in  thin  shaly  layers  ;  contains 
Pr.  muricatus. 

12 — 3  feet  slope  to  the  water  of  the  Missouri. 

The  rocks  dip  8°  N.  E.  Number  34  of  Lexington  section  should 
occur  in  No.  4. 

The  sandstone  bluffs  here  form  bold  mural  escarpments.  One 
mile  above  the  mouth  of  the  Tabbo  this  sandstone  rises  about  60 
feet,  extending  from  the  river  upwards.  The  section  at  the  bridge 
on  the  Tabbo  includes  a  series  of  rocks  which  are  probably  below 
the  sandstone,  viz.  :— 

No.  i— Bluff. 

2 — 4  feet  blue,  thinly  laminated  shales,  with  blue  calcareous  con- 
cretions. 

3 — i  foot  black  slate,  with  thin  coal  laminae. 

4 — 1 6  inches  blue  and  gray  clay. 

5 — 2  inches  bituminous  coal. 

6 — 1 8  feet  thinly  laminated  blue  clay  shales  bearing  a  2-inch 
band  of  iron-stone  midway,  and  also  small  crystals  of  selenite. 

7 — Deep  ash  blue  shaly  limestone,  containing  P.  muricatus. 

8 — 14  feet  clay  shales,  to  the  water  in  the  creek. 

The  Berlin  sandstone,  that  of  the  McCausland  farm,  and  at 
Warrensburgh,  may  all  be  considered  of  the  same  age,  but  only  on 
the  McCausland  farm  was  it  observed  to  contain  petroleum.  North 
of  the  Missouri  river  it  is  again  seen,  a  few  miles  above  Miami 
Station  ;  the  more  western  and  probably  the  upper  beds  are  shaly, 
with  indurated  sandstone  concretions  of  various  sizes.  At  the 
"  White  rock  "  quarries  there  is  exposed  60  to  70  feet  of  light  gray 
sandstone,  60  feet  of  which  is  without  a  horizontal  seam.  The  rock 
is  coarse,  gritty,  valuable  for  grindstones,  and  extensively  used  as  a 
building  rock,  being  shipped  to  many  remote  places.  It  contains 
numerous  remains  of  fine  plants,  more  especially  the  hard  concre- 
tionary portions,  including  Catamites,  ferns,  Cordaites,  fruits,  etc. 

At  Miami  station  this  rock  is  replaced  by  a  coarse  brown  sand- 


44 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


stone,  also  affording  good  material  for  building.     Outcrops  are  oc- 
casionally seen  nearly  to  De  Witt. 

We  next  observe  it  on  Grand  river  bluffs,  below  Compton's 
ferry,  as  a  coarse  brown  sandstone,  containing  numerous  hollow 
concretions  of  brown  hematite.  This  is  also  probably  the  sandstone 

Fig.  14. 


WHITC   ROCK 


,CAMOIL     00   . 


found  on  the  water's  edge  on  the  Grand  Chariton,  in  Adair  County. 
If  the  coal-measures  are  to  be  divided  into  middle  and  lower,  this 
would  probably  be  the  dividing  bed. 


CHAPTER  III. 

MIDDLE    COAL-MEASURES. 

ON  the  land  of  Ennis  and  CundiffJ  at  the  Railroad  near  Mulky 
Creek,  coal  crops  out  at  the  surface  from  16  to  20  inches  thick, 
capped  by  four  to  five  feet  of  bituminous  shale,  embracing  small 
globular  pyritiferous  concretions,  and  large  ferruginous  masses.  A 
small  Discina  was  observed. 

A  proximate  analysis  made  by  Mr.  Chauvenet  of  the  coals  at 
this  place  is  as  follows  : — 

NEAR  TOP.       NEAR    MIDDLE. 

Water 6.95  7.03 

Volatile 42.61  40.72 

Fixed  carbon 43-42  47.  II 

Ash 7.02  5.14 

Color  of  ash,  light  chocolate  with  white  specks.  Chocolate. 

A  shaft  sunk  on  a  little  higher  ground,  revealed,  as  Mr.  Ennis 
informed  me : — 

No.  i — 2.y2  feet  dark  shale. 

2 — 8  feet  clay. 

3 — 7  feet  "soapstone  ;  "  (clay). 

4 — 8  inches  hard,  tough  band. 

5 — 2  feet  limestone,  fine-grained,  bluish  drab,  weathers  brown. 
The  only  fossil  observed  was  a  small  Allorisma. 

6 — 8  inches  hard  band  like  No.  4,  but  harder. 

7 — 5^  feet  hard  black  slate,  full  of  globular  concretions,  and  a 
few  large  bituminous  concretions. 

8 — 21  inches  coal. 

9 — 9  feet  thinly  laminated  ochrey  clay  shales. 

10 — 20  feet  slope. 

ii — 6  feet  ferruginous  and  sandy  limestone. 

12 — 2  feet  blue  clay. 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


Fig.    15. 

MULKY   CREEK 
LAFAYETTE  CO- 


3     =^f 


13 — 2  feet  hard  bituminous  slate. 

14 — 4  feet  fire-clay. 

15—2  feet  rough,  nodular,  gray,  sandy  limestone. 

These  rocks  apparently  dip  down  stream,  to 
the  northward.  A  quarter  of  a  mile  north  I 
obtained  fossils  from  the  overlying  bituminous 
shales ;  including  Nucula  ventricosa,  Pleuro- 
tomaria  carbonaria,  Lophophyllnm  proliferum, 
Orthis  carbonaria,  and  from  calcareo-bitumi- 
nous  concretions,  Orthoceras  cribrosum  and 
Pr.  splendens.  In  the  railroad  cut  one  mile 
north-west,  the  Lexington  coal  crops  out  50 
feet  above  the  Mulky  Creek  coal,  by  the  mea- 
surements of  the  railroad  engineers.  The 
Section  here  is  : — 
No.  I— Clay. 

2 — 3  feet  limestone  in  irregular  beds. 
3 — 2|  feet  bituminous  shales. 
4—5  inches  sandy  and  ochrey  shales. 
5 — 4  inches  impure  coal. 
6 — 12  inches  good  coal,  Lexington  bed. 
7 — 6  inches  black  clay  with  remains  of  plants 
and  minute  selenite  crystals. 

8 — 5  inches  blue  fossiliferous  clay,  with  P. 
castatus,  and  Athyris  stibtilita, 
9 — 3  feet  blue  clay. 

10 — 6  feet  10  inches  thick-bedded,  rough, 
gray  limestone ;  in  the  upper  part  it  abounds 
in  Fusulina  cylindrica  /  also  contains  Plcu- 
rotomaria,  Athyris,  and  Crinoid  stems,  and 
minute  dolomite  crystals.  This  limestone  is 
probably  hydraulic. 

Aullville  is  situated  on  a  gently  sloping  ter- 
race, about  twenty-five  feet  above  the  valley 
of  Davis  Creek,  and  between  fifty  and  seventy-five  feet  below  the 
top  of  the  higher  ridge  to  the  south.  Its  topographical  horizon 
must  therefore  be  over  fifty  feet  below  the  Lexington  coal,  and 
probably  below  the  Mulky  coal,  unless  the  latter  should  have  a 
strong  dip  westward,  in  which  case  it  ought  to  be  soon  reached, 


16.' 


MIDDLE  COAL-MEASURES.  47 

by  shafts.  The  Lexington  coal  is  mined  in  the  ridge  two  and  a 
half  miles  east.  On  the  land  of  Charles  Payne  it  is  18  to  20  inches 
thick,  with  overlying  rocks,  thus  : — 

No.  I — 4  feet  limestone. 

2 — 2  feet  slate. 

3 — \\  feet  pyritiferous  and  bituminous  bed  with  many  fossils, 
mostly  Chonetes  mesoloba. 

4 — 4  inches  black  clay. 

5 — 1 8  inches  bituminous  coal. 

6 — fire-clay. 

Proximate  analysis  of  Payne's  coal  by  Mr.  Chauvenet : — 

TOP.  MIDDLE.  BOTTOM. 

Water 8.85  7.02  7.75 

Volatile 37.25  37.67  34.05 

Fixed  carbon 44.80  39-66  40.03 

Ash 9.10  15.65  18.17 

Color  of  ash.  Cream.  Very  It.  brown.  Lt.  chocolate. 

At  Osborn's  quarry,  one  mile  north  of  Aullville,  we  find  16  inches 
of  coarse,  bluish-gray  limestone  :  one  even  bed  of  this  I  recognized 
to  be  twenty-seven  feet  below  the  Lexington  coal. 

Fourteen  feet  below  it  is  an  outcrop  of  one  foot  of  ash-blue,  fine- 
grained limestone,  weathering  light  brown. 

MISSOURI   RIVER   SECTIONS. 

Three  Miles  below  Waverly,  in  the   edge  of  Saline  County, 

Mr.  C.  J.  Norwood  made  Sec.  24:— 

"  No.  i — 55  feet  slope,  /  30°.  The  Lexington  coal  should  occur 
here  about  4  feet  above  No.  2,  or  126  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
bottoms. 

2 — 3  feet  rough,  irregularly  bedded,  coarse-grained,  gray  ferru- 
ginous limestone — some  parts  blue  :  two  layers.  This  is  equiva- 
lent to  the  '  Fusulina  limestone '  in  the  Lexington  Section. 
=  Sec.  18,  No.  28. 

3 — 29  feet  slope.  At  the  lower  part  are  outcrops  of  olive  clay 
shales. 

4 — 15  inches  ashy  blue  pyritiferous  limestone,  holding  Chonetes 
mesoloba,  Crinoid  stems,  &c.  =  Sec.  23,  No.  9. 

5 — 2  feet  bituminous  shales. 


48  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  M1SSO UR1 

6 — 15  feet  slope,  with  tumbled  masses  of  yellowish-drab  lime- 
stone ;  top  greenish  gray ;  equivalent  to  Sec.  22,  No.  5. 

7 — 72  feet  slope  to  the  bottom. 

The  7-inch  vein  of  coal  seen  at  Lexington  should  occur  in 
No.  6." 

Just  above  Waverly  the  following  section  appears  on  a  small 
branch  : — 

No.  i — Long  steep  slope  ;  bluff  formation. 

2 — 24  feet  bluish  sandy  shales  in  thin  layers. 

3 — 14  feet — upper  two  feet  covered  with  debris,  containing 
bituminous  shale  and  coal  ;  probably  a  coal-bed  is  concealed.  At 
the  lower  part  is  a  dark  fire-clay,  ferruginous  near  the  base. 

4 — 3/^  feet  bituminous  shales,  containing  spheroidal  concretions, 
and  an  occasional  thin  band  of  limestone ;  observed  Ch.  mesoloba, 
Spr.  plano-convexus,  &c. 

5 — 3  feet  drab  fire-clay. 

At  the  water's  edge,  on  the  river,  are  several  thin  layers  of 
greenish  sandstone. 

Abstract  of  C.  J.  Norwood's  Notes. 

On  the  bluff  near  Waverly,  Mr.  Norwood  observed  14  inches  of 
bituminous  shale,  26  feet  above  the  river. 

One  mile  above  he  observed  2  feet  of  limestone  at  88  feet  above 
the  river  :  color  gray  or  bluish-drab,  and  containing  Crinoid  stems, 
Spr.  plano-convexus,  Spr.  cameratus,  &c.  Marked  Sec.  25,  No.  2. 

About  forty-five  feet  above  the  river,  and  lying  below,  were 
masses  of  tumbled,  concretionary,  black  bituminous  limestone,  con- 
taining Distinct,  Gonatites,  Pr.  muricatus,  and  abounding  in  Car- 
diamorpha  Missouriensis. 

These  fossils  would  indicate  the  presence  of  the  Mulky  coal. 

"A  quarter  of  a  mile  above,  fifteen  feet  of  sandy  shales  crop 
out,  seven  feet  above  water  in  the  river.  Sec.  26,  No.  2,  two  and  a 
half  miles  above  Waverly,  includes  two  feet  of  limestone  cropping 
out  65  feet  above  the  river,  resembling  that  of  Sec.  25,  No.  2,  and 
containing  Spr.  cameratus,  Spr.  plano-convextis  and  Ch.  mesoloba, 
Athyris  subtilita  and  Pr.  castatus.  Below  it  and  within  fifteen 
feet  are  black  concretions  abounding  in  Cardiamorpha,  &c.  We 
must  therefore  consider  that  the  limestone  No.  2  is  the  equivalent 
of  that  over  the  Mulky  coal. 


MIDDLE  COAL-MEASURES. 


49 


The  following  section  (No.  27)  was  seen  one-quarter  of  a  mile 
above  Sec.  26. 

"No.  i — 93  feet  slope. 

2 — 20  feet  shaly  sandstone  and  sandy  shales. 

3 — 1 8  feet  hard,  laminated,  argillaceous  shales. 

4 — 9  inches  coal. 

5 — 2  feet  fire  clay,  containing  Stigmaria  ficoides  :  the  lower  6 
inches  very  hard  and  pyritiferous. 

6 — 10  feet  slope  to  river." 

One-half  or  three-quarters  of  a  mile  further,  Mr.  Norwood  found 
Sec.  28  exposed  thus  : — 

"No.  i— Slope. 

2 — 2  feet  dove-colored,  hard,  pyritiferous  limestone  :  contains 
Bellerophon,  Crinoid  stems,  AtJiyris  subtilita,  Spr.  plano-convexus, 
Fusulina  cylindrica  and  small  univalves.  This  is  probably  equiva- 
lent to  the  bed  twenty-seven  feet  below  the  Lexington  coal,  and 
numbered  32  of  the  section  made  there. 

3 — 6  inches  black  streak. 

4 — 15  feet  shales. 

5 — 20  feet  slope  to  river." 

"  Fifteen  feet  of  sandstone  crops  out  at  the  edge  of  the  water  in 
the  river,  two  miles  below  Edwards'  mill.  Mr.  Edwards  in  sinking 
a  well,  on  the  river  bottoms,  pierced  an  eight-inch  coal-seam  at  18 
feet  depth,  and  passed  forty  feet  into  sandstone." 

"The  following  section  is  exposed  one-quarter  of  a  mile  above 
Edwards'  mill. 

Sec.  29. 

No.  i—"  55  feet  long  slope.  The  Lexington  coal  should  occur 
here,  seventy-three  feet  above  the  level  of  the  river  bottoms. 

2 — 1 5  inches  rough,  gray  limestone.  Some  parts  yellowish  drab  ; 
equivalent  to  Section  24,  No.  2. 

3 — 25  feet  slope. 

4 — 5  feet  hard  shales. 

5 — 16  inches  ashy  blue,  pyritiferous  limestone,  shelly  on  top. 
Fusulina  cylindrica,  etc.  :  equivalent  to  Section  22,  No.  2. 

6 — 1 8  inches  bituminous  shale. 

7 — 5  feet  slope:  place  for  the  seven-inch  vein  of  Lexington. 

8 — 6  inches  blue  limestone  :  three  layers. 

9 — 5  feet  blue  clay. 
4 


50  GEOLOG  Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

10 — 2  feet  light  yellowish  drab  limestone  :  one  bed  contains  CJi. 
mesoloba. 

ii  —  i  foot  calcareous  shales  (passing  into  a  limestone),  containing 
concretions. 

12 — 22  feet  slope  to  bottoms." 

One  mile  above  Edwards'  mill,  I  observed  at  one  hundred  feet  ele- 
vation the  limestone  corresponding  to  the  first  limestone  occurring 
two  feet  over  the  Lexington  coal.  At  65  feet  above  the  bottom 
are  several  feet  of  bituminous  shale,  containing  near  the  upper  part 
a  dull,  but  deep  blue,  shaly,  fucoidal  limestone.  A  brown  lime- 
stone crops  out  ten  to  fifteen  feet  above  the  limestone  above  named. 
The  best  exposures  of  rocks,  embracing  the  Lexington  coal,  are 
seen  at  LEXINGTON. 

The  following  is  a  general  section  by  C.  J.  Norwood,  made  up 
and  condensed  from  a  number  of  sections  made  at  that  place. 

General  Section. 
No.    i — 40  feet  bluff. 
2 — 2  feet  sandstone  :  hard. 
3 — 22  feet  shales  :  arenaceous. 
4 — 3  inches  shales  :  bituminous. 
5 — 2  inches  coal :  bituminous. 

6 — 7  feet  shales  :  arenaceous  :  upper  four  feet  hard  and  laminated. 
7 — 6  feet  sandstone  :  shaly  :  buff-colored. 

8 — 1 6  inches  shales  :  dark  blue  :  some  part  calcareous  and  hard. 
9 — 3  inches  limestone  :  blue  :  concretionary. 
10 — 7^2  feet  shales  :  argillaceous  :  blue,  streaked  with  red. 
1 1 — 6  inches  coal. 
12 — 3  inches  shales  :  dark. 
13 — 6  inches  fire-clay. 
H — 3  feet  shales  :  arenaceous. 

1 5 — 4  feet  limestone  :  irregularly  bedded  :  gray  and  drab  ;  some- 
times quite  nodular  :  generally  coarse-grained.    Abounds  in  Chcetetes 
milleporaceus,  contains  Fusulina  cylindrica  and  Athyris  subtilita. 
1 6 — 6  feet  shales  :  drab,  green  and  dark. 

17 — 4  feet  sandstone  :  hard,  brown  and  gray,  in  one  thick  bed. 
1 8 — 27  inches  shales  :  argillaceous,  olive  and  red. 
19 — 6    inches  clay;  black  and  blue,  with  three  streaks  of  coal: 
this  coal   sometimes   thickens  to  6  inches,  and  again    is  entirely 
absent. 


MIDDLE  COAL-MEASURES.  51 

20 — 8  feet  shales  :  argillaceous  and  arenaceous  :  buff  and  olive, 
also  red. 

21 — 3  *^  feet  limestone  :  drab  :  shelly  on  top  :  thick-bedded  :  good 
for  building  :  contains  Chcetetcs  milleporaceus,  Archaocidaris  spines, 
Fusulina  cylindrica  and  Athyris  subtilita. 

22 — 3^  feet  limestone  :  shaly  and  rough  :  abounds  in  Meekelea 
striato-castatadi\\d.  Ch.  Smithii  (?).  AtJiyris  subtilita,  Hemipronites 
crassus,  Pr.  castatus,  Pr.  Prattenianus,  a  Fish-tooth,  Bryozoa,  Ar- 
chceocidaris  and  Crinoid  stems  are  also  found. 

23 — 3  feet  shales  and  thin  beds  of  limestone  abounding  in  Ch. 
Smithii  (?)  and  containing  Spr.  cameratus,  Pr.  co status,  Hemipronites 
crassus  and  Athyris  subtilita. 

24 — 3*^  feet  shales  :  dark  blue  and  drab,  with  nodules  of  lime- 
stone :  abound  in  Chonetes. 

25—5  feet  limestone  :  dull  blue  and  yellowish  drab  :  contains  Pr. 
costatus,  Spr.  plano-convexus,  Chonetes,  Athyris  subtilita,  Aviculo- 
pecten  carboniferus,  Bellerophon,  Fusulina  cylindrica,  and  a  long 
spine  of  ArcJiceocidaris. 

26 — 14  inches  shales  :  bituminous. 

27 — 5  inches  slaty  coal. 

28 — 21  inches  good  coal  :  the  working  vein. 

29 — 4^4  feet  fire-clay  and  shales. 

30 — 4  feet  limestone  :  gray  and  blue  :  thick-bedded  :  good  for 
building  purposes.  Contains  large  Nautilus,  a  small  Bellerophon, 
Pr.  costatus,  Ch.  mesoloba,  Athyris  subtilita,  ArcJiceocidaris  stems, 
and  abounds  in  a  small  Fusulina,  on  account  of  which  the  rock 
presents  a  very  pretty  appearance  when  fractured.  It  is  easily  re- 
cognized by  this  peculiarity. 

31 — 21  feet  shales  :  argillaceous  :  blue,  drab,  red  and  yellow. 

32 — 15  inches  limestone:  pyritiferous  :  color  blue:  hard:  one 
bed  :  shelly  on  top  ;  contains  small  univalves  on  the  surface. 

33 — 28  inches  shales  :  bituminous  :  contains  Discina  Missourien- 
sis. 

34 — 4  feet  dark  calcareo-pyritiferous  shales  :  abounding  in  Pr. 
costatus  and  containing  Hemipronites  crassus,  Pr.  Rogersii,  Athyris 
subtilita,  etc.  Sometimes  there  occurs  a  concretionary  bed  of 
black  bituminous  limestone,  containing  fossils. 

35 — 7  inches  coal. 

36 — 4  feet  drab  shales  and  nodules  of  limestone. 


5 2  GEOLOG Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

37 — 16  inches  rough  concretionary  limestone  :  pyritiferous. 

38 — 2  feet  dark  olive  shales  and  limestone  nodules. 

39 — 2  feet  greenish  gray  limestone  :  upper  part  abounds  in  Cli. 
mesoloba,  and  contains  Pr.  costatus,  Hemipronites  crassus,  Athyris 
subtilita,  Fusulina  cylindrica.  (Lowest  rock  seen  at  Lexing- 
ton.) 

40 — 8  inches  tough,  very  hard  band. 

41 — ^/2  feet  hard  black  slate  full  of  globular  concretions,  and  a 
few  large  bituminous  limestone  concretions. 

42 — 21   inches  coal — The  "  Mulky  Seam." 

43 — 9  feet  thinly  laminated  ochrey  shales. 

44 — 20  feet  : — rocks  not  exposed. 

45 — 6  inches  ferruginous  and  sandy  limestone. 

46 — 2  feet  blue  clay. 

47 — 2  feet  hard  bituminous  slate. 

48 — 4  feet  fire-clay. 

49 — 2  feet  rough  nodular,  gray  sandy  limestone. 

"  Numbers  forty  to  forty-nine,  inclusive,  are  not  exposed  at  Lex- 
ington, but  were  seen  on  Mulky  Creek,  east  of  Aullville." 

"  The  following  are  the  most  important  sections  made  at  Lexing- 
ton : — 

"Sec.  15  made  on  Graham's  Branch,  commences  at  the 
bridge,  crosses  it  on  the  Lexington  and  Independence  road,  and 
follows  up  the  branch  as  far  as  Graham's  coal  mine.  Distance  one- 
quarter  of  a  mile." 

"  No.  I — 80  feet  long  slope. 

2 — 4  feet  hard  brown  sandstone. 

3 — 10  feet  slope. 

4 — 3  feet  fine-grained  drab  limestone  :  irregularly  bedded  : 
weathers  brown :  contains  Athyris,  Chonetes,  Fusulina,  large 
Crinoid  stems,  etc. 

5 — 5  feet  shales  and  thin  beds  of  bluish  drab  limestone  and  no- 
dules, abounding  in  Pr.  castatus  :  containing  Chonetes,  Hemiproni- 
tes crassus,  Crinoid  stems  and  Archceocidaris  spine  and  plate. 

6 — 5  feet  slope  and  shales. 

7 — 5  feet  dull  blue  and  yellowish  drab,  irregularly  bedded  lime- 
stone. Contains  Belleropkon,  CJionetes,  Aviculopecten  carboniferus , 
Athyris,  Spr.  plano-convexits,  etc. 

8 — 14  inches  bituminous  shale. 


MIDDLE  COAL-MEASURES,  53 

9 — 22  inches  coal — "  Lexington  Coal."* 

10 — 3  feet  slope. 

ii — 3  to  4  feet  hard,  pyritiferous,  blue  and  gray  limestone  :  thick 
bedded.  Abounds  in  a  small  Fusulina  :  contains  a  large  Nautilus, 
small  Better ophon,  Athyris,  Pr.  costatus,  Chonetes  mesoloba,  Archce- 
ocidaris  spine,  &c. 

12 — 21  feet  blue,  drab,  red,  and  yellow  shales  :  argillaceous. 

13 — 15  inches  hard  blue  pyritiferous  limestone  in  one  bed  :  shelly 
on  top,  and  containing  small  univalves  on  the  surface. 

14 — 28  inches  bituminous  shales  containing  Discina  Missourien- 
sis. 

15 — 3  feet  dark  calcareo-pyritiferous  shales,  containing  Pr.  Ro- 
gersii,  Athyris,  Hemipronites  crassus,  and  abounds  in  Pr.  costatus  : 
sometimes  there  is  interstratified  a  bed  of  concretionary,  black 
bituminous  limestone. 

1 6 — 7  inches  coal. 

17 — 4  feet  drab  shales  and  nodules  of  limestone. 

18—14  to  20  inches  hard,  rough,  irregularly  bedded,  somewhat 
concretionary  pyritiferous  limestone. 

19 — 2  feet  dark  olive  shales,  with  limestone  nodules. 

20 — 2  feet  greenish  gray  argillaceous  limestone,  in  the  bed  of  the 
branch.  The  upper  part  abounds  in  Ch.  mesoloba,  and  contains  Pr. 
costatus,  Hemipronites  crassus,  Athyris,  etc. 

"  Just  West  of  the  Ferry  Landing  the  following,  Sec.  No.  18,  is 
exposed  : — 

No.  1—52  feet  bluff. 

2 — 15  feet  bituminous  shale. 

3 — 3  inches  bituminous  shale. 

4  —  1  to  2  inches  streak  of  coal-smut. 

5 — 7  feet  sandy  shales  ;  upper  four  feet  blue  and  hard. 
6 — 6  feet  shaly  buff  sandstone. 

*  A  proximate  analysis  of  Graham's  Coal,  made  by  Mr.  Chauvenet,  gives  : 

(MIDDLE) 

Water 5.53 

Volatile 35.  JQ 

Fixed  carbon 47.46 

Ash I0  82 

Color  of  ash.  Very  light  brown. 


54  GEOLOG Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

7< — 16  inches  dark  shales  ;  some  parts  hard  and  calcareous. 

8 — 3  inches  concretionary  limestone  ;  blue  ;  weathers  brown. 

9 — 7 1  feet  blue  clay,  streaked  with  red. 

ID — 6^  inches  coal. 

1 1 — 3  inches  dark  shales. 

12 — 6  inches  fire-clay. 

13 — 4  feet  slope. 

14 — 5  feet  irregularly  bedded  'drab  limestone;  abounds  in 
Chcetetes  and  Fusulina. 

15 — 5  feet  drab  and  dark  shales. 

1 6 — 3  feet  hard  brown  sandstone  ;  one  thick  bed  ;  also  gray  or 
drab. 

17 — 8  feet  buff  and  olive  shales. 

18 — 4  feet  10  inches  drab  limestone;  thick-bedded;  shelly  on 
top  ;  good  for  building  ;  CJicetetes  milleporaceus,  Fusulina,  Athy- 
ris,  etc.  Equivalent  to  Sec.  15,  No.  4. 

19 — 4  feet  drab  and  dark  blue  shales,  with  thin  beds  and  nodules 
of  limestone.  Contains  Chonetes. 

20 — 4  feet  dull  blue,  irregularly  bedded  limestone. 

21 — 3  inches  shales  with  pyritiferous  concretions. 

22 — 8  inches  bituminous  shales. 

23 — i^  inches  of  coal. 

24 — 4  inches  pyritiferous  shales — very  hard. 

25—21  inches  coal — working  vein.     Dips  8°  to  S.,  Scrfi. 

26 — 14  inches  clay. 

27 — 3  feet  slope. 

28 — 3  feet  thick-bedded  gray  limestone. 

29 — 38  feet  slope  to  the  level  of  the  Missouri  river." 

Opposite  the  Hemp  Warehouse,  above  the  Ferry  landing,  Sec.  30 
is  seen  : 

No.  i— bluff. 

2 — 50  feet  shales ;  sandy  :  2  feet  hard  sandstone  at  six  feet  from 
top. 

3 — 5  feet  drab  limestone;  top  nodular;  contains  Fusulina,  Cho- 
netes and  Spr.  cameratus. 

4 — 1 6  feet  shales  (and  sandstone  ?) 

5 — 6  inches  coal. 

6 — 8  feet  shales. 

7 — 3  feet  drab  limestone  ;  thick-bedded  with  Chcetetes>. 


MWDLE  COAL-MEASURES.  55 

8 — 9  feet  limestone  and  shales. 

9 — 7  feet  limestone. 

10 — 8  inches  shales. 

1 1 — 2  inches  coal. 

12 — 3  inches  slaty  coal. 

13 — 22  inches  coal. 

14 — 2  feet  fire-clay. 

If  we  examine  the  grouped  sections  we  will  find  that  the  coal  un- 
dulates at  various  elevations  in  the  Lexington  bluff,  varying  from 
twenty-seven  to  forty-six  feet  above  the  river.  Its  general  thick- 
ness is  from  twenty-one  to  twenty-three  inches. 

At  Tilden  Davis's  Mine  it  is  20  inches  thick,  capped  by  i^ 
feet  bituminous  shales  separating  it  from  the  limestone,  and  under- 
laid by  i  foot  8  in.  fire-clay.  Just  west  of  the  ferry  landing  it  is 
twenty-one  inches,  with  14  inches  of  clay  underlying  it.  Here  it  dips 
8°  to  S.,  50°  E. 

An  analysis  of  Mr.  Davis's  coal  by  Mr.  Chauvenet  gives  : — 

Water 8.21 

Volatile 37. 56 

Fixed  carbon 46. 84 

Ash 7.39 

Color  of  Ash nearly  white. 

A  four-inch  pyritiferous  band  rests  on  it  with  one  and  a  half 
inches  of  coal,  and  still  above  on  this  there  rests  I  foot  of  bitumi- 
nous shales. 

At  R.  G-.  Tucker's  the  coal  is  also  divided,  as  at  the  last  above- 
mentioned  place,  by  3  inches  of  slaty  coal. 

The  upper  coal  2  inches,  and  the  lower  22  inches. 

Eight  inches  of  slate  lies  between  the  coal  and  the  roof,  which  is 
limestone.  On  the  land  of  General  Graham,  on  the  branch  at  the 
upper  end  of  Lexington,  the  coal  is  from  19  to  22  inches  thick, 
with  14  inches  of  slate  above,  separating  it  from  the  limestone. 
Numerous  driftings  have  been  made  in  the  hill  at  various  times, 
and  a  great  quantity  of  coal  taken  out.  The  quality  will  com- 
pare favorably  with  most  of  the  Missouri  coals. 

Two  miles  from  Lexington,  on  the  Sedalia  road,  the  same  coal- 
seam  has  been  worked  at  many  places  on  lands  of  R.  C.  Vaughn 
and  of Eckles,  now  leased  by  the  "  Lexington  Coal  Com- 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


pany,"  for  twenty-five  years.  This  company  employs  twenty-five 
miners  and  furnishes  the  railroad  with  coal. 

They  have  fourteen  main  entries — nine  in  the  Vaughn  tract  and 
five  on  the  Eckle  tract — extending  from  fifty  to  seventy -five  feet. 
The  coal  varies  from  19  to  20  inches,  separated  near  the  top  by  a 
slaty  seam,  thus  :— 

No.  i — Limestone. 

2 — Slate,  i  foot. 

3 — Calcareo-bituminous  bed,  o  to  2  inches. 

4 — Coal,  I  to  2  inches. 

5 — Clay,  sometimes  replaced  by  slate  i  to  6  inches. 

6 — Coal,  19  to  22  inches. 

7 — Fire-clay. 

An  analysis  of  this  coal,  made  by  Mr.  Chauvenet,  gives  :— 


Top. 

Water 5.79 

Volatile 36.03 

Fixed  carbon 47-31 

Ash 10.87 

Color  of  Ash.     Lt.  brown. 


No.  3. 


No.  4.       Bottom. 


8.15 

6.36 

6.25 

34.71 

36.28 

35-03 

47.29 

47.80 

50.04 

9.85 

9.56 

8.68 

Lt.  brown. 

Yellow   ^ 

/ery  lig 

The  "  LEXINGTON  COAL  Co."  also  have  control  of  the  now 
abandoned  "  GOODIN  BANKS,"  extending  along  the  bottoms,  about 
three  miles  above  Lexington.  Formerly  a  great  deal  of  mining 
was  done  about  two  miles  above  Lexington,  but  the  works  are  now 
all  abandoned. 

This  coal  seems  to  thin  in  a  south-westerly  direction.  On  the 
Little  Sniabar,  six  miles  a  little  west  of 
south,  our  section  shows — 

No.  i — 6ft.  limestone,  irregularly  bedded. 
2 — 21  inches  bituminous  shale. 
3 — 17  inches  coal. 
4 — 6  inches  shale. 
5 — 3  feet  fusulina  limestone. 
At   Holman's,    several      miles     south    of 
Greenton,  we  find — 

No.  i — 4  feet  9  inches  limestone  ;  contains 
CJicetetes  milleporaceus. 


Fig.  1 6. 

•  SECTION 
ON     LITTLE     SNI*BA!\    . 

6MS.S.OF  LEXINGTON 


MIDDLE  COAL-MEASURES.  57 

2—\\  feet  olive  and  bituminous  shales. 

3 — i  foot  coal,  upper  part  impure  ;  lower  part  good. 

Our  sections  show  a  seam  at  36  feet  below  the  Lexington  coal, 
varying  from  4  to  8  inches  in  thickness.  It  is  not  used.  The 
general  section  at  Lexington  shows  its  position  with  regard  to  other 
beds.  Eight  miles  south-east  of  Lexington  it  appears  thus  :— 

Section  32. 

No.  I — 8^  inches  blue  shaly  limestone.  Athyris,  Hemipronites 
crassus,  Chonetes  mesoloba,  RJiombopora  lepidodendroides. 

2 — 5  inches  olive  shales. 

3 — 2  feet  i  inch  bituminous  shales. 

4 — 14  inches  dark  blue  calcareous  shale. 

5 — 3  inches  coal. 

6 — 2\  feet  fire  clay. 

7 — 2  feet  rough  nodular  limestone  :  contains  AtJiyris  subtilita, 
Pr.  Prattenianus,  Pr.  costatus. 

At  Wellington  the  rocks  appear  thus  : — 

Sec.  14  (C.  J.  Norwood). 

No.  i — 75  feet  rocks  concealed. 

2 — 3  feet  greenish  sandy  shales. 

3  —5  feet  drab  shaly  sandstone. 

4 — 10  feet  4  inches  slope. 

5 — 3  feet  irregularly  bedded,  light  drab,  tolerably  fine-grained 
limestone  ;  weathers  brown,  contains  small  Chonetes,  Athyris,  Fu- 
sulina  cylindrica  and  large  Crinoid  stems.  No.  21  of  Lexington 
Section. 

6 — 3  feet  shales  and  concretionary  limestone  ;  abounds  in  Cho- 
netes Smithii  (?}  contain  Athyris,  Hemipronites  crassus,  Spr.  came- 
ratus,  Archceocidaris  and  Crinoid  stems  and  Lophophyllum  prolife- 
rum,  also  Crinoid  plates. 

7 — 1£  feet  mottled  green  and  blue  clay. 

8 — 2  feet  light  blue  clay. 

9 — 2  feet  dark  argillaceous  shales. 

10 — 7  feet  yellowish  drab  and  blue,  irregularly  bedded  limestone 
in  several  layers  ;  the  upper  part  mostly  blue  and  argillaceous. 
Contains  Spr.  plano-convexus,  AtJiyris  Chonetes,  Edmondia,  Euom- 
pJialus  rugosus,  BelleropJion,  Trilobite  (Phillipsia  ?}  This  rock  is 
equivalent  to  Number  25  of  the  Lexington  section. 

1 1 — 4  feet  slope  ;  place  for  Lexington  coal. 


58  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

12 — 17  inches  irregularly  bedded  blue  and  drab  ferruginous  lime- 
stone :  full  of  specks  of  calcite ;  nodular  on  top,  lower  part  com- 
pact; Athyris,  Crinoid  stems,  Fusulina  and  Lop  hop  hy  Hum  proli- 
ferum,  are  the  fossils  seen.  Some  portions  are  light  drab  or  gray. — 
To  river. 

At  Napoleon  we  have 

Sec.  12  (C.  J.  Norwood). 

No.  i — 67^- feet  slope. 

2 — 10  feet  reddish  clay. 

3 — 5  feet  olive,  somewhat  calcareous  shales. 

4 — 2  feet  yellowish  drab,  irregularly  bedded  limestone  ;  contains 
remains  of  Producti  and  of  a  small  Belleroplion.  Top  rock  at  saw- 
mill below  Lexington. 

5 — 2  feet  buff,  calcareous  shales,  abounding  in  CJi.  mesoloba, 
and  containing  a  larger  CJionetcs  (Ch.  Smithii?}  Athyris,  Spr.  cam- 
eratus,  Hcmipronites  crassus  and  Crinoid  stems. 

6 — 26  inches  irregularly  bedded,  drab  limestone  ;  contains  Fu- 
sulina cylindrical,  Athyris,  Spr.  plano-convcxus,  &c. 

7 — 6  inches  green  and  yellow  shales,  containing  Spr.  plano-con- 
vexus  and  Hemipronites  crassus. 

8 — 9  feet  slope. 

9 — 6  inches  somewhat  concretionary,  dove-colored  limestone  ; 
some  parts  bluish  gray. 

10 — 2  feet  outcrop  sandstone. 

ii  — 14  feet  slope,  on  which  are  tumbled  masses  of  gray  limestone. 

12 — 3  feet  irregularly  bedded,  slightly  bluish  drab  limestone  ; 
somewhat  shelly.  Weathers  brown.  Some  parts  blue  ;  traversed 
by  seams  of  calcite.  On  the  surface  are  Fusulina  cylindrica,  Athy- 
ris, Spr.  plano-convexus,  Pr.  costatus,  Arcliceocidaris  spines,  CJicete- 
tes  milleporaceus,  &c.  Equivalent  to  No.  21  of  Lexington  section. 

13 — 2  feet  slope. 

14 — Outcrop  of  light  drab  or  gray,  nodular  limestone,  containing 
Spr.  cameratus,  Pr.  costatus,  &c.  ;  abounds  in  Chonetes.  To 
river. 

"  It  appears  from  the  foregoing  that  the  Lexington  coal  would 
be  reached  at  Napoleon,  by  sinking  a  shaft  to  the  depth  of  twenty 
feet  below  No.  14,  of  the  foregoing  section." 

One-half  of  a  mile  above  Napoleon. 

Section  1 1  (C.  J.  Norwood)  is  exposed. 


MIDDLE  COAL-MEASURES. 


59 


No.    i — Slope. 

2 — 2  feet  red  clay. 

3 — I  foot  green  clay. 

4—1^  feet  outcrop  of  bluish  drab  limestone  ;  weathers  brown. 

5 — 2  feet  slope. 

6 — \y2  feet  drab  limestone  with  yellow  streaks  running  through 
it;  weathers  buff.  Equivalent  to  No.  15,  of  Lexington  Section. 

7 — 6  feet  slope  and  shales — dark  and  light  green. 

8 — 5  fe£t  outcrop  soft  drab  sandstone  ;  upper  3  feet  thin  layers. 

9 — 1 8  feet  slope. 

10 — Outcrop  somewhat  shelly,  bluish  drab  limestone  ;  contains 
Fusulina,  &c.  Equivalent  to  No.  21  of  Lexington  Section.  To 
river. 

Carroll  County. 

In  the  eastern  part  of  the  county  we  have  previously  noted 
sandstone  referable  to  the  lower  coal-measures.  At  the  upper 
end  of  the  "White  rock"  quarry  it  reposes  on  2  feet  of  coal. 
One  mile  up  the  bluffs  is  the  coal  mine  of  James  Meddlin,  also, 
probably  in  lower  coal-measures.  Its  locality  is  in  the  south-east 
quarter  of  the  south-west  quarter  of  Section  6 — T.  52,  R.  21,  and 
occurs  thus  : — 

No.  i — Shaly  slope  ;  dark  and  yellow  variegated. 

2 — 1 8  to  19  inches  coal;  contains  some  pyrites  in  the  upper 
part. 

An  analysis  by  Mr.  Chauvenet  gives  :— 

Water 2.07 

Volatile 29.94 

Fixed  Carbon 47-O3 

Ash 20. 96 

Color  of  ash,  dark  brown,  with  white  specks. 

3 — 3  feet  clay,  with  limestone  and  pyritiferous  concretions  and 
septaria. 

4 — 12  to  14  inches  coal. 

5 — 31  feet  to  bottoms. 

One  mile  further  along  the  bluffs,  we  find  the  last  section  con- 
tinued upwards,  as  follows  : — 

No.  I — 5  feet  white  clay. 


60  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR  TH-  WESTERN  MISSO  URL 


2  —  7  feet  soft,  buff  brown  sandstone. 

3  —  37  feet  shales,  with  occasional  ochrey  layers. 

4  —  7   feet   shales,   with    concretions  of   carbonate  of   iron,   and 
ochre  near  top,  and  a  6-inch  bed  of  carbonate  of  iron  and  septaria 
near  bottom.     The   fossils    from  the    upper   stratum    are    a  large 
Discina,  a  Lingula,  Pleurotomania  and  BcllcropJion. 

5  —  15  feet  shales. 

6  —  5  inches  ash  blue,  hard  concretionary  limestone. 

7  —  20  inches  bituminous  shales. 

8  —  Outcrop  of  rotten  coal. 

9  —  3  feet  ochreous  and  olive  shales. 

A  mile  and  a  quarter  west,  30  feet  of  sandstone  replaces  Nos.  3 
and  4  of  last  section,  and  so  continues  for  two  miles  further. 

Other  exposures  along  the  bluffs  west  of  this  should  be  referred 
to  the  Middle  Coal  Measures. 

Section  161  at  Hard-wick's  Mill. 

No.  I  —  63  feet  from  hill-top. 

2  —  23  inches  gray  limestone.    (No.  30  of  Lexington  Section.) 

3  —  20  feet  —  The  upper  five  feet  includes  nodular  masses  of  lime- 
stone. 

4  —  12  feet  sandy  shales. 

5  —  i  foot  even-bedded,  bluish-gray   limestone,   contains  LopJio- 
phyllum  proliferum,  Fusulina  cylindrica,  etc.     (No.  32  of  Lexing- 
ton Section.) 

6  —  i  foot  blue  shales. 

7  —  Bituminous  shales. 

8  —  75  feet  to  water  in  the  Wakenda. 

One-half  a  mile  west,  the  lower  portion  is  better  exposed, 
thus  : 

Section  162. 

No.  2  —  8  inches  limestone,  even  layer,  dark  ash  blue,  equivalent 
to  No.  5  of  last  section  (No.  32  of  Lexington  Section),  or  No.  41 
of  General  Section. 

3  —  I  foot  olive  clay  shales. 

4  —  2  feet  bituminous  shales  with  small  round  concretions. 

5  —  10  feet  clay  ;  blue  above,  and  yellow  or  buff  below. 

6  —  4  feet  limestone,  in  one  thick  bed  ;  drab   and  brown  ;  upper 
part   weathers  brown  ;  it  may  be  hydraulic  ;  no  fossils  observed. 
This  is   probably  equivalent  to  the  limestone  overlying  the  coal 


MIDDLE  COAL-MEASURES.  6 1 

on  Mulky  Creek.  Lafayette  Co.,  and  the  limestone  lowest  seen 
below  Lexington.  (No.  39  of  Lexington  Section.) 

7 — 8  feet  hard,  dark  slaty  rock,  calcareous  and  silicious.  The 
upper  half  is  in  dark  olive  drab  layers,  forming  flagstones,  one-half  to 
one  inch  thick  ;  below  is  black  and  bituminous  coal  of  variable 

8.  thickness  ;  as  thick  as  one  foot — (No.  42  of  Lexington  Section) 
No.  31  of  General  Section. 

9 — 4  feet  fire-clay. 

10 — Sandstone. 

On  Jas.  Goodson's  land  in  the  south-east  quarter  of  Section  36, 
T.  59,  R.  23,  the  coal  is  12  to  14  inches  thick,  and  the  connection 
of  rocks  seen  was  this  : 

No.  I — 3  feet  limestone. 

2 — 3  feet  dark  shales  with  small  round  concretions. 

3  —  2  feet  black  bituminous  shales  ;  a  portion  calcareous  and 
containing  fossils. 

4 — 12  to  14  inches  coal. 

An  analysis  by  Mr.  Chauvenet  gives  : 

Water 2.97 

Volatile 36.36 

Fixed  carbon 47-83 

Ash 12.84 

Color  of  ash — light  brown. 

A  quarter  of  a  mile  south  from  the  last,  on  the  branch,  the  coal 
is  18  to  19  inches  thick. 

The  same  coal  is  worked  on  the  land  of  C.  W.  Lane  in  the 
south-west  quarter  of  the  south-east  quarter  of  Section  36,  T.  53, 
R.  23.  This  and  other  pits  were  filled  with  debris.  There  has  not 
been  much  outlay  in  mining  expenses  at  any  of  them.  The 
overlying  bituminous  shales  occasionally  contain  large,  black, 
bituminous  limestone  concretions  abounding  in  many  very  nice 
fossils,  mostly  Cardiamorplia  Missouriensis,  Cardinium  ?  Lex- 
ingtonensis  (Sw),  2  sp.  of  Goniatites,  a  Nautilus,  Pleuratomaria 
sphcerulata,  Nucula  Ventricosa,  Goniatites  Hathawayensis?  McCh. 
Goniatitcs  politus,  Goniatites  planorbiformis,  Orthoceras  cribro- 
sum,  Nautilus  decor atus  ?  Discina  — — ,  Discina  Missouriensis ,  Pr. 
Prattenianus,  Aclis  Swalloviana  ?  Hemipronites  crassus,  and  fish 
spine,  allied  to  LeptacantJius. 


62  GEOLOG Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

On  the  Missouri  bluffs,  three  or  four  miles  below  Carrollton,  two 
feet  of  limestone  (No.  39  of  Lexington  Section)  crops  out  fifty-two 
feet  above  the  bottoms.  Investigations  in  the  lower  slope  at  this 
place  might  disclose  the  coal  seen  near  Hardwick's  Mill. 

Some  of  the  beds  of  rock  of  the  last  sections  occasionally  crop 
out  in  the  bluffs  above  Carrollton,  and  for  eight  miles  further,  but 
no  coal  was  seen.  Four  miles  above  Carrollton,  limestone  equiva- 
lent to  No.  39  of  Lexington  Section  crops  out  fifteen  feet  above 
the  bottoms. 

The  Stanley  coal-mine,  \y2  miles  north-west  of  Carrollton,  was 
examined  by  Mr.  C.  J.  Norwood,  who  obtained  this  Section. 

No.  i — 20  feet  of  sandy  shales — hard. 

2 — 2  inches  streak  of  coal. 

3 — 28  inches  sandy  shale  with  Stigmaria  ficoides.  Crystals  of 
sulphuret  of  iron  seen  in  lower  part. 

4 — 18  inches  good  coal.  Dips  2$'°  S.,  20°  E.  and  inwards.  Mine 
dry. 

This  coal  must  be  below  the  coal  at  Hardwick's  Mill  and  vicinity. 
If  so,  and  the  position  of  recognized  limestones  tends  to  prove  it,  the 
rocks  have  slightly  risen  from  Hardwick's  Mill  to  Carrollton.  West- 
wardly  they  gradually  descend.  About  six  miles  west  of  Carroll- 
ton,  I  observed  an  outcrop  of  22  inches  of  limestone,  which  I 
refer  to  No.  32  of  the  Lexington  Section,  cropping  out  on  a 
gentle  slope,  about  thirty  feet  above  the  Missouri  bottoms. 

The  rock  has  a  dove  shade,  weathering  to  a  chocolate-brown,  and 
containing  Fusulina,  Athyris,  Spr.  lineatus  and  large  Crinoid 
stems.  The  joints  are  covered  with  minute  calcite  incrustations. 
This  rock  resembles  that  of  Worsten's  quarry  in  Livingston  Co. 

Near  this,  and  probably  on  a  lower  horizon,  observed  a  fucoid, 
supposed  to  be  Caulerpites  marginatus. 

At  Rocky  Ford,  on  the  Wakenda  River,  about  half  a  mile 
before  it  enters  the  Missouri  bottoms,  I  observed  eight  feet  of 
ochrey  and  blue  shales,  resting  on  an  even-bedded,  ash-blue  lime- 
stone, at  top  shaly,  and  containing  Fusitlina,  Crinoid  stems  and 
Spr.  cameratus.  I  refer  it  to  No.  32  of  the  Lexington  Section. 
This  limestone,  I  suppose,  was  also  struck  in  the  shaft  of  Fred'k 
Strauss,  on  the  edge  of  the  river  bluffs,  in  N.  E.  quarter  of  the 
N.  W.  quarter  of  Section  12,  T.  52,  R.  25,  at  17  feet  below  the 
surface.  Mr.  Strauss  informed  me  that  it  rested  on  one  foot  of 


MIDDLE  COAL-MEASURES. 


black  slate,  with  four  to  ten  inches  of  coal  below.  These  rocks 
were  not  seen  any  further  west.  One  and  a  half  miles  west,  sand- 
stone again  appears  about  twenty-five  feet  above  the  bottoms,  and 
nine  feet  thick,  the  upper  five  feet  in  thin  ochrey  layers.  Lower 
part  one  thick  bed  ;  at  one  place  hard  and  concretionary  ;  otherwise 
it  might  afford  a  good  building  stone.  At  the  county  line  of  Ray 
County  we  find,  at  twenty-five  feet  above  the  bottoms,  7  ft.  of  lime- 
stone and  sandstone  conglomerate.  The  upper  2  feet,  limestone  : 
the  lower  5  feet,  a  thick  bed  of  very  hard,  brown  sandstone  and 
conglomerate  of  round  silicious  pebbles.  Eight  feet  above  the  con- 
glomerate is  five  feet  of  gray  shelly  limestone,  containing  Fusulina 
cylindrica^  Chcetetes  milleporaceus,  AtJiyris  subtilita ;  this  may  be 
No.  39  of  Lexington  Section. 

Ray  County  Coal. 

The  Lexington  coal  bed  is  occasionally  opened  at  points  along 
the  Missouri  bluffs,  from  the  east  county  line  to  Camden. 

Above  Camden,  the  formations 
dip  strongly  west,  and  the  Lex- 
ington coal  is  no  longer  seen, 
but  is  replaced  in  the  bluffs  by 
higher  rocks.  Around  Richmond, 
on  the  waters  of  Crooked  river,  the 
coal  is  worked  at  many  places. 
The  mines  near  the  east  county 
line  are  worked  by  horizontal 
driftings — more  than  half  of  them 
only  during  the  winter  season  : 
and  during  last  summer  only  two 
or  three  men  were  constantly  en- 
gaged. The  Section  at  Ober- 
holtz,  from  the  hill-top  down,  was 
as  follows : — 

Section  173. 

No.  i — 68  feet  slope. 

2 — 2  feet  equivalent  to  No.  15 
of  Lexington  Section  :  color  light 
drab. 

3 — 31  feet  slope. 


Fig  17. 

SECTION   175 
AT    OBERHOtZ    .    RAY 


CO 


64  GEOLOG  Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

4 — 4  feet  brown  limestone,  abounds  in  Chcetetes  millepora- 
ceus. 

5 — 9  feet  2  inches  alternations  of  thin  beds  of  limestone 
and  buff  shales,  abounding  in  fossils,  including  Chonetes  meso- 
loba,  Chonetes  -  — ,  Athyris  subtilita,  Pr.  costatus,  Pr.  semire- 
ticulatus,  Pr.  Prattenianus,  Hemipronites  Crassus  and  Spr.  earn- 
er at  us. 

6 — 2  feet  4  inches  hard  blue  limestone  in  irregular  layers  :  con- 
tains Athyris  subtilita. 

7 — 6  inches  shale. 

8 — \y2  feet  coal  (Lexington  seam)  said  to  increase  to  20  inches. 

9 — 2  feet  clay. 

IO — 15  feet  gentle  slope  to  Missouri  bottoms. 

An  analysis  of  Oberholz  coal,  by  Mr.  Chauvenet, (-gives  :— 

Water 11.02 

Volatile 32.48 

Fixed  Carbon 46.30 

Ash 10.20 

Color  of  ash gray 

Sp.  gravity 1.277 

Sulphur 4-609 

Williams's  Bank  is  75  yards  further  west. 

At  Howells's,  three-quarters  of  a  mile  further  west,  the  coal  is  16 
to  22  inches  thick. 

An  analysis  of  Howell's  coal  by  Mr.  Chauvenet  gives  :— 

Water 8.05 

Volatile : 41.85 

Fixed  carbon 45  •  80 

Ash , 4.30 

Color  of  ash white 

Sp.  gravity 1.257 

Sulphur 2.702 

A  half  a  mile  further  west,  the  above  rocks  are  found  lower  in 
the  bluffs,  with  the  upper  beds  exposed,  thus  :— 

Section  114. 
No.  i — Slope. 


MIDDLE  COAL-MEASURES.  65 

2 — 15  feet  drab  sandy  shales. 

3 — 5  feet  mostly  smooth  red  shales,  a  part  sometimes  green. 

4 — 6  inches  nodular  limestone  ;  fossils. 

5 — 3  feet  green  shales. 

6 — Limestone  equivalent  to  No.  15  of  Lexington  Section. 

7 — 25  feet  to  Missouri  bottoms. 

One  mile  west  of  this,  the  limestone  equivalent  to  Sec.  173,  No.  4 
(21  of  Lexington  Section)  was  observed  ten  feet  above  the  bottoms, 
indicating  the  position  of  the  Lexington  coal  just  2  feet  below  the 
line  of  their  surface. 

At  Smith's  Mill,  three  miles  north-east  of  Eichmond,  the  Lex- 
ington coal  is  reached  in  a  shaft  of  forty  feet  depth.  Its  place  is 
near  the  level  of  water  in  Crooked  river,  at  Searcy's  and  Har- 
berson's. 

Analysis  of  Smith's  coal : — 

Water 10.05 

Volatile 38.55 

Fixed  Carbon 45 .40 

Ash 6.OO 

Color  of  ash white 

Sp.   gravity   1 . 249 

Sulphur 2.41 

Limestone  No.  25,  which  forms  the  roof  of  the  coal,  is  seen  at 
many  places  on  Crooked  river,  north-east  of  Richmond  and  along 
the  stream  to  two  miles  north-west  of  Richmond.  The  following 
(Sec.  176),  illustrating  the  rocks  above  the  coal,  was  observed  two 
miles  north  of  Richmond,  on  Crooked  river. 

No.  i — 3  feet  limestone,  containing  Fttsulina,  Producti,  Crinoid 
stems  and  Chatetes  milleporaceus. 

2 — 7  fe£t  of  limestone  and  shales,  divided  thus : — 

a— 4  inches  shales.  In  upper  part  Hemipronites  and  Chonetes 
abound. 

b — 4  inches  limestone. 

c — 2  inches  shales. 

d — 4  inches  limestone. 

e — 9  inches  shales  and  nodules  of  limestone. 

f — i^  feet  shales. 

g — 8  inches  shales  and  lenticular  forms  of  limestone. 


66  GEOLOG Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

h — 3  feet  blue  shales  ;  in  upper  part  are  found  Spr.  cameratus, 
P.  punctatus  and  Athyris. 

3 — 4  feet  blue  limestone  ;  upper  9  inches  shaly. 

4 — 6  inches  black  shales. 

5— Coal. 

J.  S.  Hughes'  Coal  Mines  are  located  one  mile  south  of  Richmond, 
on  S.  W.  qr.  of  Sec.  31,  T.  52,  R.  27,  on  line  of  St.  Louis  and  St. 
Joseph  R.  R.  Their  shaft  is  95  feet  deep  from  the  surface. 
From  the  bottom,  entries  extend  east  and  west  for  over  500 
feet,  the  coal  varying  from  22  to  28  inches  in  thickness,  includ- 
ing the  top  5  or  6  inches  of  good  coal,  then  I  to  2^  inches  dark 
clay  resting  on  good  coal.  The  overlying  bituminous  shale  is  gen- 
erally 2  to  4  inches  thick  ;  only  at  one  place  on  thejriver  was  it 
observed  I  foot  thick.  It  contains  calcareous  matter,  with  some 
fossil  remains.  The  underlying  clay  is  I  foot  to  18  inches  thick, 
thus  giving  a  clear  space  between  the  cap  rock  and  bed  rock  of  4 
feet  3  inches  to  4  feet  6  inches,  or  enough  room  for  small  mules  to 
work.  Mr.  Hughes  informed  me  that  there  are  only  about  three 
barrels  of  water  per  week. 

The  following  is  a  section  of  his  shaft,  which  is  located  on  the 
S.  W.  quarter  of  Sec.  31,  T.  52  R.  27  W. 

No.  i — Soil    2  feet. 

2— Clay 12  " 

3 — Soft  sandstone 4  " 

4 — Blue  soapstone 9  " 

5— Red  shale 16  " 

6 — Flint  (?)  and  limestone 5   " 

7 — Soapstone  and  slate 2  "  6  in, 

8 — White  sandstone 6  " 

9 — Lime  and  sandstone ...    5   " 

10 — Soapstone 8  " 

II— Slate 2  " 

12 — Fire-clay 2  " 

13— Flint  rock  (is  limestone) 5  "  6  in. 

14— Shale 3  " 

15— Slate 4  " 

16 — Limestone,  dark  gray 5   " 

17— Slate o  "  3  in. 


MIDDLE  COAL-MEASURES.  .       67 

No.    1 8 — Coal  (generally  2  feet) 2  feet  3  in. 

19 — Fire-clay  (6  to  8  inches) I  foot  6  in. 


Total  depth          95  feet 

An  analysis  of  the  coal  of  Hughes  &  Co.,  by  Mr.  Chauvenet, 
gives  : — 

Water   8.15 

Volatile 37-6o     • 

Fixed  carbon 46-35 

Ash 7.90 

Color  of  ash light  brown 

Sp.   gravity 1.328 

Sulphur 4. 17 

He  employs  thirty  men. 

At  the  Lawson  (formerly  King's)  mines,  on  the  Railroad,  two 
and  a  half  miles  south  of  Richmond,  owned  by  C.  O.  Godfrey  & 
Co.,  fifteen  to  twenty  men  are  kept  at  work,  and  the  coal  is  taken 
out  from  drifts  run  in  horizontally  for  several  hundred  feet.  The 
coal  is  2  feet  thick,  with  a  2-inch  clay  seam  five  inches  from  the 
top.  The  overlying  bituminous  shale  is  about  four  'inches  thick, 
and  the  under-clay  one  foot,  making  quite  a  limited  space  between 
the  roof  and  floor. 

An  analysis  of  the  coal,  by  Mr.  Chauvenet,  gives  :— 

Water 72.11 

Volatile 30. 30 

Fixed  carbon 37. 30 

Ash 25.20 

Color  of  ash brown. 

Sp.  gravity 1.293 

Sulphur 4-179 

Camden  Mines. 

An  analysis  of  Camden  coal,  by  Mr.  Chauvenet,  gives  : — 

Water 10.33 

Volatile 37.73 

Fixed  carbon 42.44 

Ash 9.90 

Color  of  ash. 


68  GEOLOG Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

The  "NORTH  MISSOURI  "  mines,  owned  by  C.  O.  Godfrey  &.  Co. , 
on  St.  L. ,  K.  C. ,  and  N.  R.  W. ,  at  the  lower  end  of  Camden,  employ 
sixteen  miners.  The  shaft  is  sixty  feet  deep,  and  the  platform  six- 
teen feet  above  the  railroad  track.  From  the  bottom,  entries  are  ex- 
tended in  various  directions  :  280  yards  north,  500  north-west,  190 
west,  and  100  east.  At  present  (August,  1872),  two  to  three  railway 
car-loads  are  raised  per  day,  each  car  containing  about  250  bushels 
of  coal.  Water  somewhat  interferes  with  mining  operations.  Each 
day  about  100  to  150  bbls.  have  to  be  raised  out.  The  manner  of 
elevating  the  water  is  very  simple.  At  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  is  a 
sump,  of  the  capacity  of  several  hundred  gallons,  into  which  the 
seeping  water  is  conveyed  by  slight  ditches  alongside  of  the  tram- 
way. Boxes  of  the  capacity  of  several  barrels,  with  valves  in  their 
bottoms,  are  let  down  into  the  sump  ;  they  immediately  fill,  and  are 
raised  and  lowered  in  the  same  manner  as  the  coal  ;  as  fast  as  one 
is  elevated  the  other  is  lowered.  The  gin  is  worked  by  horse- 
power. For  much  of  the  information  concerning  these  mines,  I 
am  indebted  to  Mr.  Henry  Booth,  foreman. 

The  coal,  19  to  21  inches  thick,  is  black,  brilliant,  with  a  little  clay, 
3  inches  from  the  top,  and  a  few  knife-edges  of  iron  pyrites  in  the 
upper  part.  The  lower  one  inch  is  shaly,  with  3  inches  black  under- 
day  resting  on  fire-clay.  The  coal  is  jointed,  with  calcite  plates  in 
the  joints.  In  the  bed  of  the  ditch  below  the  railroad,  opposite 
the  shaft,  are  thin  beds  of  limestone,  equivalent  to  No.  23  of  Lex- 
ington section,  some  of  them  forming  very  pretty  slabs  covered  with 
fossils,  viz.,  Hemipronites  crassus,  Chonetes,  Producti,  etc.  A  few 
feet  above  it,  is  limestone,  corresponding  to  No.  21  of  Lexington 
section  ;  the  top  of  the  latter  being  twenty-one  feet  below  the  mouth 
of  the  shaft,  indicating  the  position  of  the  coal  to  be  quite  low. 

"Second  Ray  County"  Mines.  These  mines,  about  one-quarter 
of  a  mile  above  the  N.  Missouri  mines,  and  also  on  the  railroad, 
are  owned  by  Thos.  Collins,  and,  when  examined,  worked  six  men. 
Mr.  Collins  informed  me  that  he  worked  forty-five  men  in  the  win- 
ter of  1871  and  1872.  The  shaft  is  fifty  feet  deep.  From  the  top 
of  the  shaft  to  the  railroad  track  is  20  feet.  The  driftings  extend 
far  into  the  hill.  Intersecting  them  is  a  passage  for  ventilation, 
which  terminates  at  an  air-shaft  near  the  main  shaft,  and  seems  to 
give  thorough  ventilation.  Coal  measured  at  various  places  in 
these  mines  was,  18,  22,  23  and  24  inches,  average  about  23. 


MIDDLE  COAL-MEASURES. 


69 


W. 


From  I  to  \y2  feet  of  bituminous  shales  on  top  and  I  to  2  feet  of 
fire-clay  beneath  ;  an  average  of  about  four  and  a  half  feet  be- 
tween bed-rock  and  cap-rock.  The  height  of  main  entry  is  four 
feet  near  its  mouth,  and  further  in,  three  feet.  Cap-rock  seven 
to  eight  feet  thick.  A  very  fair  coke  was  made  from  Collins'  coal, 
of  which  the  following  is  the  analysis  by  Mr.  Chauvenet : — 

Water 3.25 

Volatile 4.85 

Fixed  carbon 83.37 

Ash 8. 50 

The  shafts  at  Camden  are  sunk  from  a  terrace  on  the  hill-side. 
A  quarter  of  a  mile  above  Collins'  mines,  the  Lexington  coal  is 
seen  near  the  grade  of  the  railroad,  having  risen  thirty  feet  from 
Collins'  shaft.  This  may  explain  the  fact  of  more  water  being  in 
the  "  North  Missouri  "  mines  than  in  the  "  Second  Ray  County" 
mines,  the  water  passing  between  the  eastward  dipping  strata, 
from  the  "  Second  Ray  County  "  to  the  ;'  North  Missouri "  mines. 

Fig.  1 8. 


v - rs     - --*  —      7s     - 

SECTION     IN     R.R.CUT    WEST    or     CAMDEN  ,    RAY   CO 

A  little  further  west,  I  observed  cropping  out  in  a  gully,  9  feet  9 
inches  below  the  railroad,  three  feet  of  ash-blue  limestone,  referable 
to  No.  32  of  Lexington  section,  and  resting  on  four  feet  of  slate 
and  shale,  with  six  inches  of  coal  below.  150  feet  west,  the 
coal  is  five  feet  above  the  railroad  and  for  the  next  three  hundred 
feet  the  rise  is  four  feet.  A  quarter  of  a  mile  west  of  Camden  the 
rocks  dip  about  one  in  twelve.  (See  Fig.  18.) 

Eight  hundred  and  twenty  feet  further,  a  shaft  sunk  forty  feet 
struck  limestone  No.  21  of  the  Lexington  Section,  indicating  a  dip 
of  fifty-eight  feet  in  eight  hundred  and  twenty  feet,  or  I  to  14. 

SWANWICK  SHAFT. 

The  shaft  of  Thomas  Huyson  is  86  feet  deep  to  top  of  coal,  of 
which  he  furnished  me  the  following  : 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

f  No.  I — Surface. 

46  feet.  ^       2 — Shaly  sandstone,  red,  blue  and  gray. 
^      3 — 16  feet  of  red  shales. 

4 — 6  feet  being  layers  of   sandstone   separated   by 
soft  blue  clay. 

5 — 22  feet  blue  slate. 
6 — 4|-  feet  rock  (reported  flint). 
40  feet.  <(       7 — 3  feet  blue  clay. 

8 — 4  to  5  feet  impure  limestone. 
9 — 20  inches  to  2  feet  coal. 
10 — 6  to  1 8  inches  under-clay. 
ii — 6  to  8  feet  hard  limestone. 
From  one  to  two  barrels  of  water  have  to  be  removed  every 
morning.     The  slate  over  the  coal  is  almost  entirely  wanting  here  ; 
the  limestone  generally  resting  directly  on  the  coal,  but  the  under- 
clay  correspondingly  thickens — a  fortunate  provision  in  nature — as 
otherwise   there  would   not  be  room  enough  to  mine.     The  sec- 
tion from  hill-top  here  is  the  following  : — 
No.  i — 5  feet  slope. 

2 — 4  feet  limestone,  weathering  brown    and  ringing   under   the 
hammer;  contains  Athyris,  Spr.  earner  atus,  Chtztetes  milleporaceus 
and  Crinoid  stems. 
3 — 8  feet  slope. 

4 — 2  feet  of  rough,  nodular  limestone  ;  weathers  with  a  ferrugi- 
nous crust,  and  contains  many  remains  of  fossils. 
5 — 124  feet  sloping  gently  to  top  of  shaft. 

Around  the  hill,  and  associated  with  limestone  (probably  the  same 
as  No.  4),  I  found  amber-colored  crystals  of  heavy  spar,  also  a 
little  iron  ore.  In  the  limestone  I  observed  Spr.  Kentuckensis  and 
Spr.  lineatus. 

Section  178  is  seen  one  mile  north-west  of  Richmond. 
No.  I — 3  feet  bluish-drab,  rough-looking  limestone,  weathering 
drab. 

2 — 8  feet  slope. 

3 — Tumbled  masses  of  fine-grained,  dove-colored  limestone. 
4 — !Oo  feet.     Less  than  forty  feet  below  the  top,  abounds  soft 
brown  sandstone.     At  fifty  feet  are  tumbled  masses  of  gray  lime- 
stone. 

5 — Red  shales. 


MIDDLE  COAL-MEASURES.  /I 

6 — About  45  feet  to  the  Lexington  coal. 

The  upper  members  of  the  Section  can  be  compared  with  the 
Swanwick  Section. 

An  analysis  of  the  Swanwick  coal  by  Mr.  Chauvenet  gives  : — 

TOP.  MIDDLE.  BOTTOM. 

Water 10.00  12.55  11.20 

Volatile 37.85  37.05  38.50 

Fixed  carbon 48.30  46.65  46.7° 

Ash 3-85  575  3-6o 

Color  of  ash Light  brown.  White.  Nearly  white. 

The  Swanwick  coal  is  remarkable  for  a  large  percentage  of  water  : 
it  does  not  coke  well. 

GRAND  RIVER— CHARITON  AND  CARROLL  COUNTIES. 

The  rocks  along  this  river  and  its  vicinity,  in  these  counties,  may 
be  referred  to  the  lower  coal-measures.  Outcrops  are  unfrequent. 

Bowman's  Quarry. — This  consists  of  about  four  and  a  half  feet 
of  very  hard,  coarse  sandstone,  cropping  out  about  twenty-eight  feet 
above  the  railroad.  This  rock  was  used  for  bridge  masonry  on  the 
St.  L.  K.  C.  and  N.  R.  W.  It  is  in  tolerably  even  layers,  but  is 
difficult  to  quarry.  Twenty-eight  feet,  mostly  shales,  extend  below 
it,  to  the  railroad.  Four  feet  above  the  railroad  track  is  a  one-foot 
concretionary  bed  of  carbonate  of  iron.  There  is  a  thin  bed  of 
coarse,  reddish,  calcareous  sandstone  above  the  ore  bed,  and  dark 
clay  beneath. 

Kirkham's  Coal. — The  Kirkham  bed  is  one  and  a  half  miles 
above  Brunswick,  on  the  line  of  the  St.  Louis,  Chillicothe,  and 
Omaha  Railroad  ;  it  was  formerly  worked,  but  recently  nothing  has 
been  done  there. 

Prof.  Swallow,  in  his  report  to  North  Missouri  Railroad  (1866), 
mentions  the  existence  of  two  seams  of  coal,  nineteen  and  a  half 
feet  apart,  each  I  ^  feet  thick. 

I  presume  he  obtained  his  section  from  the  shaft,  now  filled  up. 
All  that  I  could  see  was  : — 

No.  i — Upper  slope. 

2 — 2  feet  blue  and  ochreous  shales. 

3 — 16  to  1 8  inches  coal. 

4 — \\  feet  fire-clay,  with  Stigmaria  ficoides. 


72  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

5 — 6  feet  shaly  sandstone. 

6 — 2  feet  sandy  shales. 

7 — 15  inches  hard  calcareous  sandstone. 

Same  as  quarry  rock  at  Bowman's. 

8 — 1]/2  feet  light  green  and  red  argillaceous  shales. 

9 — \y2  feet  shaly  sandstone  to  railroad. 

Win.  Tyler's  Coal.— In  the  edge  of  the  ravine  in  S.  y2t  S.  W.  j^, 
Section  33  T.,  54  R.,  20  W.,  there  is  said  to  be  18  inches  coal; 
concealed  from  view  when  the  locality  was  examined  by  us.  Five 
feet  above  is  \y2  feet  outcrop  of  buff  and  blue  limestone,  possibly 
hydraulic,  and  containing  mostly  Spr.  earner atus.  The  coal  is 
probably  equivalent  to  the  Kirkham  coal. 

Section  157  at  Linn's,  three-quarters  of  a  mile  north  of  Tyler's. 

No.  I — Shaly  and  sandy  slope. 

2 — 3  feet  shales. 

3 — 3>^  inches  mottled  bluish  limestone.     Hydraulic  ? 

4 — 6  inches  olive  clay. 

5 — ij^j  feet  bituminous  shales. 

6 — 4  feet  blue  clay  shales. 

7 — 1 8  to  19  inches  coal. 

8 — Fire-clay. 

An  analysis  of  the  top  of  this  coal,  made  by  Mr.  Chauvenet, 
gives  : — 

Water 5 . 82 

Volatile 38.01 

Fixed  carbon 54-53 

Ash 1.64 

Color  of  ash Salmon  brown. 

The  series  above  given  is  well  exposed  here. 

T.  S.  Anderson's,  on  Section  20,  T.  54,  R.  20.  The  coal  was  not 
exposed.  The  debris  thrown  out  indicates  a  capping  of  bituminous 
shales,  and  bituminous  limestone,  containing  P.  muricatus,  Lopho- 
phyllum,  and  a  few  striated  plants.  Mr.  Turner,  in  Sec.  28,  T. 
54,  R.  20,  informed  me,  that  in  sinking  a  well  from  the  hill-top  at 
his  house,  coal  was  reached  at  fifty  feet.  The  formations  passed 
through  were — 

No.  i — 8  feet  sandy  clay. 

2 — 10  feet  joint  clay. 

3 — Sand  to  bottom. 


MIDDLE  COAL-MEASURES. 

Two  hundred  yards  west  of  Turner's,  in  a 
branch,  I  observed  a  bed  of  limestone,  and  a  short 
distance  from  it  clay  and  bituminous  shales  are 
seen,  dipping  5°  to  the  south-west. 

Mr.  Turner  informed  me  that  wells  have  been 
dug  on  the  ridges,  90  feet  deep,  striking  sand- 
stone at  from  eight  to  sixteen  feet.  This  would 
make  the  sandstone  over  eighty  feet  thick.  The 
geological  position  of  Linn's  and  Anderson's  coals 
must  be  below  this  sandstone,  and  the  sandstone 
equivalent  to  that  of  Miami  Station,  and  Berlin. 
Its  denudation  must  have  been  very  unequal,  and 
very  great  at  some  places. 

Sec.  156  (Fig.  19).  On  Grand  River,  about  two 
miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Hurricane.  The  rocks 
here  show  marks  of  great  disturbance,  for  about 
i  ,600  feet  along  the  stream.  At  the  lower  exposure 
we  find  mostly  thin  layers  of  indurated  green  sand- 
stone, containing  ferns,  dipping  37°,  course  S.  21° 
W.  Mag.  The  distance  across  the  outcrop  is 
about  one  hundred  steps. 

Outcrops  are  then  not  much  exposed  up  stream 
for  five  hundred  feet ;  we  then  find  a  few  feet  of 
sandstone  dipping  at  an  angle,  varying  but  little 
from  that  first  observed,  with  line  of  strike  bearing 
S.  44°  E.  Further  up  stream  is  an  outcrop  of 
four  feet  of  nodular  and  shaly  limestone,  contain- 
ing Pr.  semireticulatus,  Pr.  muricattis,  Chonetes, 
Spr.  plano-convexus,  Spr.  cameratus,  Lophophyl- 
lum.  This  is  underlaid  by  two  feet  clay, 
which  rests  on  an  outcrop  of  three  feet  bitumi- 
nous shales.  The  dip  of  latter  is  24°  to  S.  30° 
W.,  Mag. 

Right  here  a  ravine  ten  feet  in  width  has  cut 
through  and  has  probably  washed  away  the  coal 
which  was  not  seen  ;  but  fire-clay  is  found  just 
beyond,  reposing  on  nodular  limestone,  which  is 
underlaid  again  by  fire-clay,  the  latter  resting  on 
the  anticlinal  axis.  Bituminous  shale  rests  on  the 


Fig.  19. 


73 


74  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

clay,  and  then  shaly  sandstone,  dipping  N.  50°  E.  and  at  an  angle 
of  15°.  A  little  more  than  two  hundred  feet  up-stream  the  rocks 
seem  crushed  up,  or  folded,  and  then  extend  horizontally  up- 
stream. The  outcrop  is  seen  12  feet  thick;  next  to  the  river  the 
dip  is  S.  37°  E.  Z53°.  Half-way  across  this  on  the  top  the  strike 
is  S.  38°  E.  ;  these  rocks  are  then  vertical  for  a  short  distance, 
then  fold  over,  dipping  at  Z49°,  N.  21°  W.  The  layers  on  the 
upper  slope  fold  over  and  extend  horizontally  up-stream  under  the 
overlying  thick-bedded  brown  sandstone.  The  lower  part  of  this 
sandstone  abounds  in  concretions  of  brown  hematite,  which  are 
generally  hollow. 

Coal  near  Little  Compton.  A  pretty  good  coal  is  dug  out  at  Lit- 
tle Compton,  in  Sec.  17,  T.  55,  R.  21,  and  at  several  places  on  a 
creek,  one-half  of  a  mile  north,  in  the  south  part  of  Sec.  8. 

An  analysis  of  the  Little  Compton  coal,  by  Mr.  Chauvenet, 
gives  : — 

Water 4-37 

Volatile 44-58 

Fixed  carbon 47- 2I 

Ash 3-84 

Color  of  ash reddish  brown. 

Sec.  155  on  Grand  river,  in  north-west  part  of  Sec.  16,  T.  55,  R. 
21. 

No.  i — 10  feet  slope. 

2 — 5  feet  soft  buff  sandstone. 

3 — 57  foot  slope. 

4 — Outcrop  of  bituminous  shales. 

5 — 5  feet  clay  shales. 

6 — 24  feet  buff  micaceous  sandstone,  brown  specked. 

7 — 3  feet  argillaceous  shales. 

8 — Outcrop  of  hard  light  dove-colored  cherty  limestone. 

9 — 4  feet  shales. 

10 — 3  feet  arenaceous  limestone;  greenish  tinge,  weathers  brown. 
1 1 — 3  feet  shales. 
12 — 14  inches  limestone. 
13 — 4^  feet  dark  blue  shales. 
14 — 10  feet  shales. 
15 — \\  feet  dark  blue  shales. 


MIDDLE  COAL-MEASURES.  75 

1 6 — I  foot  shales  and  ironstone.  Upper  2  inches  solid,  weath- 
ering red, — below  shaly. 

17 — 20  inches  dark  shales. 

1 8 — 5  feet — upper  ^  foot  whitish,  below  dark  blue. 

19 — 4  feet  shales  and  sandy  concretions. 

20 — 4  inches  iron-stone. 

The  rocks  of  this  section  very  closely  resemble  those  of  some  of 
the  lower  coal  groups,  on  Clear  Fork,  Johnson  County,  also  on 
Grand  river,  Henry  County,  and  on  Marmaton,  Vernon  County. 
The  coal  of  Little  Compton  and  on  Toe  String  creek  may  be  con- 
cealed in  the  lower  part  of  No.  3.  The  bituminous  shales  No.  4 
may  have  slid  down  from  above,  for  the  outcrop  was  insufficient  to 
place  them  exactly  in  No.  4.  Upon  a  second  examination  of  rocks 
and  fossils  collected  on  Grand  river,  from  near  the  lines  of  Carroll 
and  Livingston,  they  present  types  of  those  overlying  the  coal  at 
Warrensburgh,  Johnson  County.  I  am  therefore  disposed  to  con- 
sider this  as  of  the  same  age.  At  Edmondson's  ferry  on  Grand 
river,  at  the  line  between  Carroll  and  Livingston,  the  rocks  dip  south- 
east from  11°  to  19°,  and  include  in  the  outcrops,  for  three  hundred 
feet  along  the  stream,  most  of  the  corresponding  beds  of  coal  seen 
in  the  Section  at  Leaton's,  viz.  : — 

No.  i — Sandstone. 

2 — Coal. 

3 — Clay  and  shales. 

4 — Limestone. 

5— Shales. 

6 — Limestone  abounding  in  fossils  :  Spr.  earner  atus,  Ch.  meso- 
loba,  Pr.  muricatus,  Spr.  plano-convexus,  Athyris,  Crinoid  stems. 

7 — Shales. 

8 — Limestone. 

9 — Bituminous  shales. 
10 — Clay. 
II — Coal. 

I  give  the  rocks  in  the  order  of  their  succession,  from  the  top 
down :  the  correct  thickness  could  not  be  obtained.  Compare  this 
with  the  section  at  Leaton's,  and  the  parallelism  will  be  apparent. 


76  GEOLOG Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 


CONNECTING   BEDS    OF    THE    UPPER  AND   MIDDLE  COAL- 
MEASURES. 

Sections  of  C.  J.  Norwood  in  Jackson  County.  The  top  rock 
(No.  98)  at  Kansas  City,  is  also  the  highest  at  Independence.  It 
is  a  light  gray  or  flesh  color,  abounding  in  streaks  and  specks  of 
calc-spar.  Section  No.  4  of  Mr.  Norwood,  at  Independence  Land- 
ing, includes  25  feet  10  inches  of  outcrops  of  the  above  limestone 
at  63  feet  from  the  hill-top. 

One  hundred  and  fourteen  feet  below  this  limestone,  No.  78  crops 
out  20  feet  thick,  its  base  ninety  feet  above  the  Missouri  river.  At 
Blue  Mills  Landing,  No.  78  is  112  feet  above  the  Missouri  river. 
The  section  here  is  as  follows  : — 

"  Section  5 — At  and  two  hundred  yards  below  Blue  Mills  Land- 
ing. 

No.  i — 31  feet  slope. 

2 — 16^  feet  "  Bethany  Falls  "   limestone  (No.  78). 

3 — 3  feet  slope. 

4 — 19  inches  bituminous  shales  (77a)- 

5 — g  inches  ash  blue,  hard,  compact  limestone,  calcite  specks 
disseminated. 

6 — 6  inches  blue  clay,  thin  band  of  yellow  at  top  (76b). 

7 — 5  inches  to  7  inches  concretionary  blue  limestone;  contains 
Pr.  punctatus  and  Spr.  earner atus.  Equivalent  to  76*. 

8 — 28  inches  clay  shales. 

9 — 2  feet  slope. 

10 — 1-|  feet  outcrop  of  gray  limestone  (No.  74). 

ii — 3  feet  drab  limestone  ;  three  layers,  splintery  (No.  74). 

12 — 9  feet  8  inches  slope. 

13 — 14  feet  sandy  shales. 

14 — 72  feet  slope  to  river." 

"  In  the  branch,  one  hundred  yards  above  '  Donohoe's  ford,'  on 
the  Little  Blue,  one  mile  and  a  half  from  its  mouth,  and  about 
three  hundred  yards  up  the  branch,  Section  8  is  seen. 

No.  i — Slope. 

2 — 8  feet  blue  clay  shales. 

3 — i  foot  hard  blue  calcareous  shales. 

4 — 2  inches  coal. 


MIDDLE  COAL-MEASURES.  77 

No.  5 — 6  inches  fire-clay. 

6 — 3  feet  slope. 

7 — 10  feet  sandy  shales  and  shaly  sandstone,  with  indurated 
sandstone  concretions." 

"In  the  branch  are  tumbled  masses  of  'Bethany  Falls'  lime- 
stone. Their  place  could  not  be  ascertained  :  but  think  it  is  about 
fifty  or  sixty  feet  up. 

It  is  believed  in  this  part  of  the  county  that  lead  is  to  be 
found  in  this  branch.  There  is  a  tradition  that  old  settlers  got 
their  lead  here,  and  moulded  bullets  of  it.  No  one  at  present  knows 
the  exact  place  from  where  the  lead  was  taken. 

"  At  Sibley  Landing  the  following,  Section  9,  is  seen  : 

No.  I — 77^  feet  long  slope  and  bluff,  from  level  of  road  leading 
south,  to  Independence  and  Lexington  road. 

2 — 6  feet  olive,  argillaceous  shales,  with  bands  of  purple  clay. 

3 — 3  feet  4  inches  mottled,  red,  purple,  buff  and  white  clay. 

4 — 9  feet  sandy  shales  and  shaly  sandstone.  Lower  7  feet  shaly 
sandstone. 

5 — 20  feet  slope. 

6 — 27  to  32  inches  irregularly  bedded,  coarse-grained  drab  lime- 
stone ;  some  parts  yellowish  drab  ;  rough  on  top  ;  weathers  buff  and 
brown.  Contains  Chcetetes  milleporaceus,  Crinoid  stems,  Belter o- 
phon  Montfortiana,  Fusulina  cylindrica,  Pr.  splendens,  Athyris  sub- 
tilita,  Spr.  plano-convexus,  Spr.  lineatus.  Traversed  by  Calcite 
veins.  (No.  15  of  Lexington  section.) 

7 — 2^/2  feet  shales,  divided  as  follows  : 

a — 6  inches  buff  and  green  calcareous  shales  with  limestone 
concretions,  containing  Pr.  splendens,  Hemipronites  crassus,  Cho- 
netes ,  Spr.  plano-convexus,  etc. 

b — 2  feet  green  shales;  with  red  and  purple  shales.  Upper  four 
inches  containing  Spr.  plano-convexus,  etc.  In  the  lower  part  is  a 
two-inch  bed  of  concretionary  arenaceous  limestone,  color  green 
and  drab,  containing  fossils.  Abounds  in  Spr.  piano -convexus. 

8 — 3  feet  very  nodular,  silicious  limestone,  mostly  gray,  some 
parts  a  bluish  drab.  Irregularly  bedded.  No  fossils  seen. 

9—8  inches  green  argillaceous  shales  to  water. 

No.  6  of  this  section,  on  comparison  of  the  various  grouped  sec- 
tions, is  found  to  be  48  feet  above  the  Lexington  coal. 

"In  a  branch  on  Col.  A.  G.  Steele's  place,  one-half  of  a  mile 


78  GEOLOG Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

west  of  Sibley,  in  S.  W.  ^  Sec.  34,  T. .51,  R.  30  W.,  noticed  an 
outcrop  of  one  foot  of  bituminous  shale. 

Col.  Steele  informed  me  that  coal  1 1  inches  thick  has  been  taken 
out  eleven  feet  below  this  shale.  The  coal  may  possibly  be  No. 
II  of  Lexington  Section. 

A  quarter  of  a  mile  farther  down  appear  tumbled  masses  of  lime- 
stone equivalent  to  Sec.  9,  No.  6  ;  in  the  branch  three  feet  of  brown 
sandstone  is  exposed,  probably  equivalent  to  No.  17  of  Lexington 
Section. 

"  On  Mr.  Hudpith's  land,  about  one  and  three-quarters  of  a  mile 
west  of  Sibley,  on  the  river  bottoms,  is  a  fine  bed  of  quaternary 
sand,  used  very  extensively  for  plastering,  which  is  sometimes  hauled 
as  far  as  twenty-five  miles. 

"  The  following  is  the  boring  of  Embree's  and  Proctor's  well,  at 
their  mill  at  Sibley  landing,  as  furnished  me  by  Mr.  Embree. 

No.  i — 10  feet  clay. 

2 — 15  feet  shales. 

3 — 2  feet  limestone  (No.  6  of  Sec.  9). 

4 — 13  feet  rock. 

5 — 15  feet  shales. 

6 — Coal ;  does  not  know  thickness  (No.  19  ?  of  Lexington  Sec.). 

7 — Rock. 

"  On  Messrs.  J.  L.  and  J.  S.  Walker's  land,  in  Sec.  5,  T.  50,  R. 
30,  and  also  on  Mr.  Joseph  Willis's,  in  Sec.  32,  T.  51,  R.  30,  I  no- 
ticed in  a  branch,  from  2  to  4  feet  of  red  drift  sand,  with  bands  of 
black  sand  from  I  to  3  inches  thick  traversing  it.  Also  saw  many 
granite  and  quartzite  boulders,  with  a  few  small  boulders  of  carb. 
of  iron,  all  belonging  to  the  drift  period. 

"  Sec.  7 — Two  and  a  half  miles  east  of  Sibley,  on  the  Missouri 
river,  includes  part  of  the  rocks  of  the  Sibley  Section,  as  follows  :— 

No.  i — 46  feet  slope. 

2 — 5  feet  red  and  brownish-red  sandstone ;  thin  layers.  Some 
parts  traversed  by  white  streaks. 

3 — 5  feet  olive,  slightly  sandy,  argillaceous  shales,  banded  with  red. 

4 — 7  inches  somewhat  concretionary  gray  limestone.  Crinoid 
stems  and  Spr.  lineatus. 

5 — 15  inches  red  shales.     No.  62  ? 

6 — 8  feet  dark-blue  argillaceous  shales  and  slope. 

7 — 2  feet  slope. 


MIDDLE  COAL-MEASURES.  79 

8 — 2}/2  feet  irregularly-bedded  drab  limestone,  in  three  layers, 
with  shaly  partings.  Upper  layer  thickest ;  lower  one  foot  has  a 
greenish  tinge ;  weathers  brown.  Contains  Athyris,  Fusulina, 
Spr.  plano-convexus,  etc.  Equivalent  to  No.  6  of  Sec.  9. 

9 — 7  inches  green  shales,  containing  Spr.  plano-convexus  and 
Athyris  sub  t  Hit  a. 

10 — 4  feet  slope.     At  the  top  dark-blue  shales  appear. 

ii — \y2  feet  very  rough,  coarse-grained,  mostly  gray  limestone, 
containing  Crinoid  stems.  No.  8  of  Sec.  9. 

12 — 7  feet  slope  to  river. 

Springs  under  No.  8.     The  rocks  here  dip  11°  N.  20°  E. 

"The  following  section  occurs  three-quarters  of  a  mile  ABOVE 
COGGSWELL'S  LANDING. 

No.  i — Slope. 

2 — 32  inches  irregularly  bedded,  hard  drab  limestone,  containing 
Athyris  subtilita,  Fusulina  cylindrical,  etc.  Equivalent  to  No.  8 
of  Sec.  7. 

3 — 7  inches  green  shales,  containing  Spr.  plano-convexus. 

4 — 3  feet  slope. 

5 — 16  inches  rough  gray  limestone.     No.  II  of  Sec.  7- 

6 — 8  feet  slope  to  river. 

The  rocks  here  make  a  dip  of  5°  N.,  15°  E. 

"On  Mr.  Levis's  land,  near  mouth  of  branch  running  into  Fire 
prairie,  near  Mr.  John  Hambright's  house,  Sec.  21  ?  T.  50,  R.  29 
W.  ;  the  following  is  seen  : — 

Section  13. 

No.  i — 57  feet  slope. 

2—2  feet  outcrop  rough  gray  limestone — silicious.  Tuteumergle 
on  top.  No.  5  of  Sec.  10. 

3 — 8  feet  drab  and  buff  sandstone  ;  irregularly  bedded  ;  lower  6 
feet,  thin  layers  and  shaly. 

4 — 5  feet  slope — lower  part  mostly  clay. 

5 — 10  to  12  inches  coal ;  crumbling  on  top. 

6 — i  foot  dark  pyritiferous  clay,  to  water. 

The  coal  is  probably  No.  19  of  the  Lexington  Section." 

"On  Mrs.  Martha  J.  Calston's  land,  one-quarter  of  a  mile  east  of 
Little  Blue,  N.  E.  %  of  the  S.  E.  ^  of  Sec.  25,  T.  51,  R.  31,  we 
find  20  feet  of  Bethany  Falls  limestone  (Nos.  78  to  80)  sixty,  feet 
above  the  bottoms  of  Little  Blue." 


80  GEOL OG  Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

"  One  mile  S.  E.  of  Sibley  ten  feet  of  No.  78  appears,  227  feet 
above  the  Missouri  river,  or  218  feet  above  the  limestone  No.  6  of 
Sec.  9  at  Sibley. 

"  Section  10  is  seen  one  mile  west  of  Napoleon. 

No.  I  — 10  feet  Bethany  Falls  limestone — on  a  knob. 

2 — 1 86  feet  long  steep  slope — thickly  timbered. 

3 — 3  inches  red  argillaceous  shales. 

4 — 3  inches  green  argillaceous  shales. 

5 — 3  feet  9  inches  rough,  gray  silicious  limestone  with  6  inches 
of  Tuteumergle  on  top. 

6 — 7  feet  soft  drab  sandstone. 

7 — 10  feet  slope  to  river,  springs  under  No.  5. 

Lafayette  County. 

Section  19. 

"This  is  seen  three  miles  south  of  Wellington,  from  the  top  of 
Grady's  Knob,  to  bridge  crossing  branch  running  into  the  south 
fork  of  Sniabar,  on  the  Wellington  and  Greenton  road. 

No.  I — 2y2  feet  light  drab,  irregularly  bedded  lime- 
stone ;  top  shelly  ;  contains  Fusulina  and  Crinoid  stems 
on  top. 
No.  78  ^j 


2 — 2  feet  bluish  drab,  tolerably  coarse-grained,  some- 
what ferruginous  limestone  ;  weathers  brown,  calcite 
seams  and  speck  disseminated.  Athyris  and  Crinoid 
stems. 

3 — 163  feet  long  steep  slopes.     (This  constitutes  the  knob.) 
4 — Outcrop  of  soft  brown  sandstone. 
5 — 15  feet  slope. 

6 — 8  inches  of  gray,  coarse-grained,  silicious  limestone;  abounds 
in  Crinoid  stems.     Spring  underneath. 
7 — 2  feet  sandy  shales. 
8 — 72  feet  long,  undulating  slope. 

9 — 31^   feet  drab   limestone;  upper  part  a  bluish  tinge,  lower 
part  light  drab  ;  contains  Athyris  subtilita,  Pr.   costattis,  Crinoid 
stems,  and   Ch&tetes  milleporaceus.     Equivalent  to  No.  21  of  Lex- 
ington Section. 
10 — 5  feet  slope. 

11—5  feet  shales  and  nodules  of  limestone,  abounding  in  Chonetes 
and  containing  Pr.  costatus,  &c. 


MIDDLE  COAL-MEASURES.  8 1 

No.  12 — 2  feet  clay. 

13 — 3  feet  dark  shales.  These  pass  into  thin  layers  of  dull  blue, 
argillaceous  limestone,  abounding  in  Pr.  costatus,  and  containing 
Athyris,  Chonetes  and  a  large  Productus. 

14 — 2  feet  irregularly  bedded,  dull  blue,  argillo-pyritiferous 
limestone,  containing  Crinoid  stems,  Pr.  costatus,  Hemipronites 
crassus  and  Spr.  earner atns.  Equivalent  to  No.  25  of  Lexington 
Section." 

A  section  taken  on  Lexington  and  Greenton  road,  six  miles  south 
of  Lexington,  was  as  follows  : — 

No.  i — 20  feet  slope  from  hill-top. 

2 — 16  feet. — The  upper  part  includes  a  few  feet  of  limestone  No. 
78,  the  lower  part  slope  and  shales. 

3 — 9  feet. — Upper  2  feet  brown,  sandy-textured  limestone,  then 
irregularly  bedded  and  nodular.  Lower  2  feet  in  flag-like  strata. 
Gray,  crinoidal  and  ferruginous.  The  upper  part  is  traversed  by 
fissures  in  which  are  stalactitic  forms  of  very  pretty  amber-colored 
arragonite.  This  limestone  corresponds  to  No.  74  of  General  Sec- 
tion and  is  very  near  the  base  of  the  upper  coal-measures. 
4 — 5  feet  gray  and  olive  shales. 

5 — i  foot  red  shales,  apparently  a  good  quality  for  paints. 
6—127  feet  slope, — all  middle  coal-measures. 
7 — 7  feet  outcrops  of  shale  and  limestone. 
8 — \y2  feet  limestone,  No.  25  of  Lexington  Section. 
9 — 7  feet  slope. 

10 — 21  feet  brown  crumbling  limestone,  No.  30  of  Lexington 
Section. 

ii — 20  feet  shales  ;  upper  four  feet,  white  and  ochrey.  Middle 
four  or  five  feet,  red. 

12 — 14  inches  even  bed  of  blue  bituminous  limestone,  No.  32  of 
Lexington  Section. 

13 — i  foot  blue  shales. 

14 — 2  feet  bituminous  shale,  containing  many  small  round  con- 
cretions. 

15 — i  foot  9  inches  dark  olive  calcareous  shales,  containing  Pr. 
semireticulatus,  Chonetes,  and  Spr.  lineatus. 

16 — i  foot  of  coal  in  the  branch,  equivalent  to  No.  35  of  Lexing- 
ton Section. 

From  measurements  made  by  Mr.  C.  J.  Norwood  and  myself, 
6 


82  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR  TH-  WES  TERN  MISSO  URL 

between  the  Bethany  Falls  limestone  (No.  78  of  Gen.  Sec.)  and 
well-recognized  rocks  over  the  Lexington  coal,  we  arrive  at  the 
following  results,  as  vertical  distances,  between  No.  78  and  the 
Lexington  coal. 

The  result  of  my  examinations  along  the  line  of  the  Pacific  Rail- 
road in  Johnson  County,  in  1871,  was  260  feet. 

Mr.  C.  J.  Norwood's  measurements  at  Sibley,  in  Jackson  County, 
271  feet. 

Mr.  Norwood's  measurements  one  mile  west  of  Napoleon,  La- 
fa/ette  County,  250  feet. 

Mr.  Norwood's  measurements  on  Grady's  Knob,  Lafayette 
County,  276  feet. 

Two  of  his  measurements  are  above,  and  one  below  my  first 
measurement.  We  may  therefore  consider  that  260  feet  is  about 
the  correct  distance,  and  shall  in  future  accept  it. 

The  base  of  the  upper-coal  measures  being  25  feet  below  the 
base  of  the  Bethany  Falls  limestone  (No.  78)  gives  235  feet  as  the 
position  of  the  Lexington  coal  below  the  top  of  the  Middle  series. 

The  following  is  a  GENERAL  SECTION  OF  THE  MIDDLE  COAL-MEASURES. 

THICKNESS. 
No.  Ft.   In. 

72 — Arenaceous  limestone  and  calcareous  sandstone 

71  — Blue  and  bituminous  shales I     6 

70 — Coal.     (2  to  4  inches) 4 

69 — Sandstone  and  shales 123 

68 — Limestone,  containing  Chatetes  milleporaceus 2 

67 — Marly  shales 7 

66 — Purple  shales 10 

65 — Sandstone  or  shales 22 

64" — Bituminous  shales 3 

64 — Coal I 

63— Shales * 7 

62 — Shaly  sandstone 6 

6l — Dark  shales  and  thin  concretionary  bed  of  limestone I     7 

60  —Blue  shales  streaked  with  red 7     ° 

59— Coal 6 

58— Dark  shales 3 

57 — Fire-clay 

56 — Sandy  shales 3 

55 — Irregularly  bedded  limestone  :  abounds  in  Chcctetes  milleporaceus  and  Fusit- 

lina  cylindrica 4 

54 — Drab,  green  and  dark  shales 6 

53 — Hard,  brown  and  gray  sandstone 4 


MIDDLE  COAL-MEASURES.  83 

THICKNESS. 
NO.  Ft.    111. 

52 — Shales,  olive  and  red 2     3 

51 — Clay,  blue  and  black,  with  three  streaks  of  coal.     Sometimes  a  6-inch  seam 

of  coal,  and  at  others  thins  out 6 

50 — Shales,  argillaceous  and  arenaceous ;  buff,  olive  and  red 8 

49 — Drab  limestone 7 

48 — Shales  and  thin  beds  of  limestone,  quite  fossiliferous ;  abounding  in  Chonetes  6     6 

47 — Limestone,  dull  blue,  irregularly  bedded 5 

46 — Bituminous  shales I     2 

45 — Coal.     Lexington  seam 2     2 

44 — Fire-clay 4     6 

43 — Limestone  :  color  gray,  abound  in  Fusulina 4 

42 — Blue,  drab,  red  and  yellow  clay 21 

41 — Limestone;  generally  an  even  layer  ;  somewhat  bituminous  and  pyritiferous..  i     3 

40 — Bituminous  shales 2     4 

39 — Shales,  dark,  calcareo-pyritiferous  .  . . , 4 

38— Coal 7 

37 — Drab  shales  and  limestone  nodules 4 

36 — Limestone — rough,  concretionary,  pyritiferous I     4 

35  — Olive  shales  and  limestone  nodules 2 

34 — Greenish-gray  limestone  ;  upper  part  abounds  in  Chonetes  mesoloba 2 

33 — Hard  tough  band 8 

32 — Hard  black  slate   full  of  globular  concretions,  and  occasional  large  concre- 
tions  of  bituminous  limestone,   abounding  in  many  fine  fossils,   including 

Cardiamorpha  Missoiiriensis,  Goniatites  (3  sp. ),  Nautilus  and  Discina.  .  5     6 

31 — Coal.     Mulky  seam I     9 

30 — Clay  shales ;  thinly  laminated 9 

29 — Space  ;  rocks  not  exposed 20 

28— Ferruginous  and  sandy  limestone 6 

27 — Blue  clay 2 

26 — Bituminous  slate  ;  hard 2 

25 — Fire-clay ^ 

24 — Rough,  nodular,  gray  sandy  limestone 2 

23 — Micaceous  sandstone,  of  Lower  coal-measures 90 

GROUPED  SECTIONS. — The  accompanying  maps  of  Grouped 
Sections  will  show  at  a  glance  the  beds  of  coal  to  be  met  with  in 
certain  districts.  Where  a  Section  appears  near  the  upper  part  of 
the  sheet,  we  may  reasonably  conclude  that  other  beds,  appearing 
in  remote  localities,  and  occupying  a  lower  position  on  the  sheet, 
may  be  reached  by  sinking  shafts  to  the  proper  depth. 

SANDERS  WELL. 

On  Mr.  John  Frederick  Overman's  land,  in  N.  E.  ^  of  N.  E.  %  of 
Sec.  34,  T.  52,  R.  29,  Ray  County,  borings  for  "  oil"  have  been 


84  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

extended  to  a  depth  of  802  feet  below  the  surface.  The  exposed 
section  of  rocks  there  is  : 

No.  i — 5  feet  shelly  gray  limestone,  No.  78  of  General  Section. 

2 — 98  feet  long  slope. 

3 — !5  feet  thin  layers  of  bituminous  sandstone,  of  coarse  texture  : 
occasional  drops  of  coal-tar  are  seen  between  the  layers,  and  in 
some  places  the  rock  is  coated  with  it.  The  borings  were  prose- 
cuted under  the  supervision  of  Mr.  H.  H.  Beeson,  and  the  well  is 
known  by  the  name  of  the  Sanders  well.  Mr.  Beeson  had  the 
kindness  to  give  me  a  copy  of  his  section  of  borings,  and  further 
assisted  me  in  procuring  a  suit  of  specimens  taken  out.  The  total 
depth  of  the  well  is  802  feet,  with  the  following  section  :  — 

DEPTH 

from  top  of  well. 

No.                                                                                        -  Ft. 
I — 5  feet  black  bituminous  sandstone,  showing  oil  on  surface  and  thoroughly  im- 
pregnated with  it 9 

2 — 40  feet  loose  adhering  light  greenish  limestone,  rough  fracture 49 

3 — 30  feet  dark  ash  sandy  clay 79 

4 — 28  feet  dark  gray  coarse  bituminous  sandstone 107 

5 — 5  feet  good  bituminous  coal no 

6 — 6  feet  drab  limestone -  - 1 16 

7 — 16  feet  greenish  drab  clay  shales 1 32 

8 — 2  feet  coarse  dark  gray  limestone 134 

g — 8  feet  variegated  greenish  shales,  with  dark  carbonaceous  markings  of  plant  re- 
mains, and  also  bituminous  shales  with  thin  calcareous  seams,  containing  a 

fish-tooth — Petrodus  ? 142 

10—4  feet  ash  blue  clay,  highly  calcareous 146 

1 1  -  6  feet  gray  limestone,  fine-grained i52 

12 — 25  feet  light  gray,  coarse  sandstone 1 77 

13 — 6  feet  indurated  green  clay 183 

14 — 22  feet  indurated,  fine-grained,  light  green,  micaceous  sandstone 205 

15 — 12  feet  light  dove-colored  smooth  clay 217 

16 — 4  feet  coal ;  good  bituminous 221 

17 — 6  feet  bluish  gray,  shaly  micaceous  sandstone 226 

j#_  18  feet  smooth  blue  clay  shales 244 

I9 9  feet  black,  calcareo-bituminous  shale  :  coal  and  pyrites   also    reported 253 

20 — 10  feet  nodular,  green  and  gray  pyritiferous  limestone 263 

21 3  feet.     Specimens  seem  to  be  a  mingling  of  coal,  iron  pyrites,  zinc  blende  and 

carbonate  of  lime 266 

22 15  feet  smooth  clay  with  thin  seams  of  carbonate  of  lime 281 

23 5  feet  clay,  coal,  iron  pyrites  and  zinc  blende 286 

24 9  feet  drab  and  green  banded,  soft  micaceous  sandstone 295 

*  The  measurements  and  totals  are  as  given  by  Mr.  H.  H.  Beeson. 


MIDDLE  COAL-MEASURES.  85 

DEPTH 

from  top  of  well. 

No.  Ft. 

25 — 10  feet  rough  dark  specked  coarse  pea-green  sandstone 305 

26 — 4  feet  chocolate-colored  hard  clay  shales 309 

27 — 4  feet  blackish  blue  shaly  sandstone  and  dark  chocolate-colored  sandstone  with 

leaves  of  Stigmaria 313 

28 — 46  feet  light  gray,  blue,  and  olive  shaly  micaceous  sandstone , 359 

29 — 4  feet  dark  gray  coarse  sand.      A  mixture  of  light  and  dark  grains 363 

30 — 12  feet  dove-colored  clay 375 

31 — 10  feet  mostly  fine  and  pure  silicious  sand  :   grains  both  round  and  angular,  and 
generally  of  pure  silex  ;   the  other  darker  material  not  very  abundant  but  so 

generally  diffused  as  to  give  the  whole  a  drab  color 385 

32 — 7  feet  fine,  nearly  black  sand,  composed  of  grains  of  clear  quartz   and   silicious 
fragments  of  various  colors  and  some  of  other  material,  including  bituminous 

shale 392 

33 — 23  feet  blue  shale,  a  portion  slightly  calcareous 415 

34 — 55  feet  mostly  fine,  clear  grains  of  sharp  and  round  sand,  with  but  little  extra- 
neous material 470 

35 — 12  feet  coarse  white  sand,  grains  mostly  round;  a  few  dark  coarser  particles  are 

diffused 482 

36 — 10  feet  soft,  dove-colored  sandy  clay 492 

37 — 15  feet  exceedingly  fine-grained  sand  ;    many  particles  are  transparent  but   the 

general  appearance  is  drab 507 

38 — 12  feet  very  coarse,  sharp  sand  of  all  colors,  white,  brown  and  dark,  the  gen- 
eral appearance  being  a  brown  or  reddish  gray 519 

39 — 12  feet  dark  drab,  coarse  sand,  composed  of  angular,  drab  and  dark  grains  with 

very  few  clear  ones 531 

40 — 14  feet  dull  or  dirty  drab  clay  and  sand,  mostly  fine 545 

41 — 16  feet  very  fine-grained  compact  dove-colored  limestone,  contains  a  very  little 

iron  pyrites 561 

42  —  118   feet  coarse   dark  gray  crystalline  pure  limestone,  contains  a  little  white 

chert  and  a  few  fragments  of  fossils — Spirifer  and  Actinocrinus 679 

43 — 52  feet  light  brownish  gray  sand,  composed  of  clear,  white,  brown  and  yellow 

grains  of  chert  and  quartz  and  some  calcareous  matter 731 

44 — 10  feet  mostly  white  chert,  with  a  little  calcareous  matter 741 

45 — 30  feet  drab  fine  sand,  contains  chert  and  clear  quartz  grains,  round  and  angu- 

lar 771 

46 — 8  feet  brown  sand  of  various  colored  pebbles  with  brown  matter  between 779 

47 — 14  feet  similar  to  last,  but  of  a  light  color 793 

48  — 9  feet  similar  to  last.     In  bottom 802 

The  specimen  obtained  from  No.  3  is  undoubtedly  limestone,  but 
I  think  if  exposed  the  strata  might  present  alternations  of  lime- 
stones and  other  rocks.  For  I  find  in  the  coal-measures  no  solid 
limestone  bed  as  much  as  forty  feet  thick.  There  may  also  be  a 
slight  error  in  No.  5.  Its  position  is  near  the  geological  horizon  of 
the  coal  at  Halden  and  at  Graham's  Mill,  Livingston  County,  which 


86  GEOLOG Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

is  its  northern  development,  and  where  it  is  of  variable  thickness. 
But  I  have  not  seen  it  over  \y2  fe£t  thick.  It  might  possibly  swell 
up  after  the  manner  of  a  coal-pocket.  But  it  is  possible  that  the 
thickness  given  may  include  both  bituminous  shales  and  coal.  Gas 
was  reported  to  have  issued  from  the  depth  of  480  feet,  and  water 
with  1 5  per  cent,  of  salt  at  from  500  to  600  feet. 

The  hole  was  reamed  out  8  inches  wide  to  a  depth  of  359  feet, 
below  which  the  bore  was  4^  inches  in  diameter.  The  appear- 
ances do  not  indicate  that  there  has  been  any  oil-flow  from  the 
lower  depths.  The  "oil  rock"  corresponds  to  No.  69  of  General 
Section.  I  have  not  seen  it  containing  petroleum  at  any  other 
localities,  but  have  been  told  that  it  has  been  found  near  Blue  Mills, 
Jackson  County.  The  tar  springs  occasionally  found  in  the  south- 
west part  of  Cass  County,  probably  flow  from  the  same  sandstone. 
The  outcrops  of  this  sandstone  on  Grand  river,  between  Utica  and 
Gallatin,  do  not  expose  any  petroleum.  Numerous  petroleum 
springs  are  reported  by  Prof.  Swallow*  to  exist  in  Miami  County, 
Kansas,  and  they  also  probably  flow  from  the  same  sandstone. 

It  thus  seems  to  bear  the  greater  quantity  of  oil  in  its  southern 
extension.  This  sandstone  must  not  be  confounded  with  that  of 
the  McCausland  farm,  in  Lafayette  County,  the  latter  occupying 
a  position  in  the  lower  coal-measures. 

Another  oil  well  was  bored  in  the  northern  part  of  Ray  County, 
but  thus  far  there  are  no  profitable  results  from  any  of  them,  nor 
have  I,  at  any  place  in  Missouri,  seen  indications  to  warrant  a  great 
expenditure  of  money  in  such  enterprises. 

SECTION  OF  THE  BORING  AT  KANSAS  CITY. 

MADE    WITH    A    DIAMOND    DRILL. 

THICKNESS  DEPTH 

of  Strata,   from  surface. 
\0.  Ft.     In.  Ft.      In. 

I — Drift  at  top  to  bed  rock '37 

2 — Fine-grained  bluish  limestone.     (No.  78)    21  58 

3 — Light  blue  clay i  59 

4 — Dark-colored  clay 4  63 

5_Gray  limestone.     (No.  74) 13  76 

6 — Dove-colored  clay  shales 100  1 76 

7 Bituminous  sandy  clay.     Bitumen  rose  to  surface 4  180 

*  Vide  Geology  of  Kansas,  p.  86. 


MIDDLE  COAL-MEASURES.  87 

THICKNESS  DEPTH 

of  Strata,      from  surface. 

No  Ft.  In.           Ft.     In. 

8— Clay 84  264 

9 — Bituminous  limestone  : — brown 4  2^8 

10 — Soapstone 5  273 

ii — Limestone.     Increase  of  water  and  rock  oil 18  291 

1 2 — Arenaceous  clay.     (Soft  drab  sandstone) 4  295 

i3_Light  buff  limestone 23  3l8 

14 — Dove-colored  soapstone  or  clay 24  342 

15 — Arenaceous  clay  (dove-colored) 23  365 

16 — Dark  clay  and  shelly  coal :  fossils 5  37° 

1 7 — Dark  blue  micaceous  clay 25  395 

i g — Very  dark  blue  fine-grained  sandstone 37  432 

19 — Dark  shales.     Salt  water  here I  433 

20— Coal 4        433       4 

21 — Fire-clay IO  443       4 

22— Clay  and  limestone  (Marlite) 5  8         449 

23 — Dark  slate  and  coal :  fossils — fragments  of  plants.     Salt  water 

flowing I  6         450       6 

24 — Coal,  dense  and  bright 6         45 1 

25 — Clay  and  limestone 16  467 

26 — Coarse  gray  sandstone.     Strong  brine 12  479 

27 — Gray  and  fine  sandstone 10  6         489       6 

28— Blue  clay 3  6        493 

29 — Clay  or  soapstone 7  5°° 

30— Dark  dove  fine-grained  sandy  clay 119  619 

31— Black  shale 3  622 

32— Coal I  623 

33— Clay  with  sand 5°  673 

34 — Thin  laminated  dark  clay  and  shales 6  679 

35 — Black  bituminous  shales 3  ^82 

36-Coal I  8         683       8 

37_Clay  and  mud 16  4         7°o 

38— Mud 34  10        734     10 

39— Dark  mottled  crystalline  sandstone 10  2         745 

40— Vitreous  crystalline  limestone 13  75° 


CHAPTER  IV. 


UPPER  COAL-MEASURES. 


GENERAL     VERTICAL    SECTION    OF    UPPER    COAL-MEASuRE     ROCKS    BELOW    THE 
ATCHISON    COUNTY    GROUP. 


No. 

Thickness. 

Total  Thickness. 

Description  and  List  of  Fossils. 

Locality  where  found, 
etc. 

224 

4ft. 

1087' 

Shelly,  porous,  ferruginous  limestone. 

City  Bluffs. 

223 

36  ft. 

1083'    6" 

Shales  ;  Septaria  occur  near  the  up- 

per part. 

Nodaway  Co. 

222 

Septaria  6  in.  to  1  ft.      Prod.  Prat- 

tenianus. 

do. 

221 

48  ft. 

1047'    6" 

Shales. 

22O 

2ft. 

989'    6" 

Spathic   limestone,    a   4-inch  bed  of 

Quitmaii    and    vi- 

carbonate  of   iron    and    lime    at 

cinity. 

lower   part.     Fossils,  Bcllcrophon, 

Forest     City    and 

PCansasensis,    MurcJiisonia,     Nu- 

vicinity. 

cula    Beyrichii,    Fiisuiina    cylin- 

White  Cloud, 

drica  and  Criiwid  stems. 

Kansas. 

219 

2  ft.     6  in. 

987'    6" 

Sandy  shales. 

Same  locality. 

2lh 

i  ft.     6  in. 

985' 

1  6   in.    to    2    feet  pyritiferous  lime- 

stone, abounds  in  many  beautiful 

fossils,    including    Eutolium,  Avi- 

culatnm,  Schizodiis  curtus,  Pinna 

Same     locality    as 

peracuta,  Pseudomonotis  radialis, 

last. 

Allorisma    subcumata,     Allorisma 

(Sedgwickia)    granosus,    Aviculo- 

Quitman. 

pecten,  Edmondia,  Lima  retifera, 

Forest  City. 

Hemipronites  crassus,  Syntrtlasma 

Florida  Co. 

hemiplicata,   Retzia   pimctalifera, 

Nodaway  Co. 

Terebratula     bovidens,    Productus 

Prattettianus,  C/ionetes,  P.  Nebras- 

censis    Aviculopinna     Americana, 

Solenopsis  ?    Goniatites,  Naticopsis 

Alfonensis,  Macrocheilus.     Enom- 

phalus  nigosus,  Nautilus  otciden- 

talls,    Macrocheilus   primogenitts, 

Bellerophon    marconianns,  Pleuro- 

tomaria  like  P.  carbonanns,  Poly- 

phemopsis  inornata,  P.  peracnta. 

BelUrophonpercarinatns  large  Beller- 

ophon.    Fiisuiina  cylindrica,    Or- 

thoceraa,  Fistulafora  nodulifera. 

217 

Sandstone  not  always  present. 

Forest  City. 

216 

4  ft.    8  in. 

983'    6" 

Blue  and  bituminous   shales.     At  Al- 

len's  in   Nodaway    County,    black 

do. 

UPPER  COAL-MEASURES. 


89 


No. 

Thickness. 

Total  Thickness. 

Description  and  list  of  Fossils. 

Locality  where  found. 

concretionary  limestone    occurs    in 

Quitman. 

the  shales,  containing  many  fossils. 

The  blue  shales  are  also  fossiliferous. 

Fossils  are  Sp.    (Martinia)  plano- 

Allen's    on  Noda- 

convexus,    Rhyiichonella     Osagen- 

way  River. 

sis,  Athyris  siibtilita,  Bellerophon 

carbonarius  and   Goniatilcs. 

215 

10  in. 

978'  10" 

4  to  1  6  inches  coal,  generally  divided 

Forest  City. 

into  different  seams  by  2  to  4  inches 

Florida  Co. 

blue  clay. 

Sand  Co. 

214 

17  ft. 

978' 

Sandstone  and  shales,  Ferns  and  Stig- 

Quitman. 

uiaria. 

White  Cloud. 

213 

4  ft. 

961' 

Clay  shales  with  Avicnlopecten  Cox- 

N.   part  of  Noda- 

anus. 

way  Co. 

212 

4  ft. 

957' 

Deep  blue  compact  limestone,  abounds 

Quitman. 

in  Lingula  ;  other  Fossils,  Avicnlo- 

Quitman. 

pinna    Americana,    Pinna    pera- 

Florida  Co. 

cuta,        Ctenacanthns  ?        Plew-o- 

Rolling   branch  in 

pJiorus  ?    Prodiiftus  Nebrascensis, 

Holt  and  Noda- 

Prothyris  elegans,  Edmondia  Ne- 

way. 

b>-ascensis,  Lima  retifera,  Discina, 

Synocladia   biserialis,   Ferns,   and 

specks  of  coal  on  epidermis  of  plant 

remains. 

211 

6  in. 

953' 

Ash  blue  limestone,  corals,  crinoideae 

Braddy's    Mill    in 

and     Bryozoa,     Athyris    siibtilita, 

Iowa. 

Prodnctus     Prattenianus,      Prod. 

Smith's  Mill 

Nebrascensis,  Edmondia    Nebras- 

Nodaway  Co. 

censis  ?  Macrocheihis,    Orthoceras 

cribrosum,     Syncladia    biserialis, 

Rhombopora  lepidodendr  aides. 

2IO 

4  ft. 

952'    6" 

Brown  shale,  with  nodular  limestone 

Same    locality    as 

layer.    Fossils,  Fnsulina  cylindrica 

last,  also  Forest 

and  Athyris  siibtilita   very  abun- 

City. 

dant,  also  has   Chonetes,    Terebra- 

Oregon. 

tula  bcmidens,    Spirifer    Camera- 

fits,  P.  splendens,  Prod.  Prattenia- 

nus, P.  eostatus,  P.   symmetricns, 

P.  Nebrascensis,  Prod,  semireticu- 

latusvar.  Calhounianus,  H<.mipro- 

nites  crassits,  Re.tzia  punctalifera, 

Solenomya,  Matrodon  —  Allorisma. 

Bryozoa.       Scaphiccrinus     hemis- 

pliericus,    Rhombopora    lepidoden- 

droides,       Chatetes,      Fistulapora 

nodnlifera,    Lipkopkyllnn  proli- 

fentm. 

209 

10  in. 

948'   6" 

Dark   ash    blue   limestone,     abounds 

Braddy's  Mills, 

mostly    in    Hemipronites   crasstis  ,\  Smith's  Mill,  For- 

its  interior  generally    replaced    by 

est     City,    near 

crystallized  carbonate  of  lime,  often 

Bridgewater. 

in  form  of  dog-tooth  spar.      Other 

Fossils,  P.  Nebrascensis,    P.  Praf- 

tinianiis,     Prod,    splendens.     Spi- 

rifer    cameratus,     Sp.      Kentnck- 

ensis,  Retzia  punctnlifera,  Chone- 

tes    grannlifera,    Athyris    subtil- 

ita,    Pinna  peracnta,    Avicnlopin- 

na  Americana,  Myalina   Swallovi, 

GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


No. 

Thickness. 

L'otal  Thickness. 

Description  and  List  of  Fossils. 

ocality  where  found. 

My.  subquadrata,  Phillipsia,   Bel- 

lerophon,     Rhoinbopora    lepidoden- 

droides,  Crinoid  spines  and  stems. 

208 

I  ft. 

947'    8" 

Calcareous  shales. 

ame  loc.  as  last. 

207 

I  ft.    6  in. 

946'    8" 

Hue  and  bituminous  shales. 

do. 

2O5 

i  ft.    4  in. 

945'    2" 

line   limestone,    resembles  No.   209. 

ame   as   last  and 

Fossils    are  Hemipronites   crassus, 

near  Oregon  and 

Productus  Nebrascensis,  P.  Pratte- 

at  Iowa  point. 

nianus,  Ath.  subtilita,  Plcurotoma- 

ria,  turbiniformis.    Interior  of  fos- 

sils often  contain  calcite  crystals. 

205 

2  ft.    6  in. 

943'  I0" 

)rab  shales,  in  thick  laminae. 

do. 

204 

I  ft.     4  in. 

941'    4" 

Jark  green  shales. 

do. 

203 

8  in. 

940' 

Modular  green  shales. 

do. 

202 

I  ft.    4  in. 

939'    4" 

Yellow  shales. 

do. 

201 

10  in. 

938' 

Coarse    ash   blue   or   gray  suboolitic 

Jridgewater, 

limestone,  weathers  rough,  contains 

Smith's    Mill,  and 

At  Ayr  is  subtilita  and  Prod.Nebras- 

Kunkell's  Mill. 

scensis. 

200 

2  ft.    6  in. 

937'    2" 

Jght  green  passing  into  blue  shales  ; 

Same    locality     as 

has  limestone  concretions. 

last. 

199 

2  ft.    6  in. 

934'    8" 

Ash  blue,  rough,  shelly  limestone,  wea- 

<'orest City, 

thers  brown.     Fossils  are   Archcco 

Smith's  Mill. 

cidaris      megastylus,      Bryozoans 

kidgewater, 

Myalina   subquadrata,    Alloristna 

Kunkell's  Mill. 

Aviculopecten,    Athyris     subtilita 

Sp.  cameratus. 

Ketzin      punctulifera,    Hemipronites 

crassus,     Prodnctus    Nebrasceusis 

Chonetes  Smithii,     Nautilus    occi 

dentalis,        Goniatites,       Fnsuliiu 

abounds. 

I98 

aft. 

932'    2" 

Blue  shales. 

'97 

2    ft. 

930'    2" 

Ash  blue  or  buff  limestone,  weather* 

Smith's  Mill. 

brown.  Fossils,  Rhombopora  lepido 

Bridgewater,    For- 

dendroides,    Fistulapora      noduli 

est     City,    Kun- 

fera,   Fusulina    cylindrica,   Arch 

kell's  Mill. 

czocidaris,  Zeacrintis  mucrospirus  . 

stems  of  Crinoids.     Prod,  puncta 

tus,    Sp.    cameratus,    Pinna    per 

acuta. 

196 

3  ft. 

928'    2" 

Brown  shales,  Archefocidarist  crinoid 

Bridgewater, 

stems,    Spirifer   cameratus,  Athy 

Smith's  Mill, 

ris  subtilita. 

Forest  City. 

*95 

4  ft. 

925'    2" 

Sandy  shales  and  sandstone. 

Same  loc.  as  last. 

194 

i  ft. 

921'    2" 

Bituminous  shales.    Sometimes  a  thii 

coal  seam. 

do. 

r9 

3  ft- 

920'    2" 

Sandy,  micaceous  shales. 

do. 

19 

i  ft.   9  in. 

917'     2" 

Grayish  blue  limestone. 

Kunkell's        Mill, 

Forest  City. 

'9 

5  in. 

915'     5" 

Shales. 

do. 

19 

6  in. 

9r5' 

Grayish   blue  limestone,    abounds  i 

Kunkell's    Mill, 

Univalves,  including  following  fos 

near  Oregon,   in 

sils  :    Aclis     Swalloviana,    Pleura 

Holt   Co. 

tomaria,    Polyphemopsis  peracuta 

Naticopsis    Altonensis,    Naticopsi 

•ventrica,      Macrocheilus      •ventri 

cosa,  Chonetes,  Schizodtts  Wheeler  it 

Athyris   subtilita,    Chtztetes,    Nu 

UPPER  COAL-MEASURES. 


No. 

Thickness. 

Total  Thickness. 

Description  and  List  of  Fossils. 

Locality  where  found. 

fiilana       bellistriata,    Bellerophon 

Kansasensis,    Aviculopecten      occi- 

dentalis. 

189 

it  ft.  6  in. 

914'    6" 

Blue  shales. 

do. 

1  881              10  in. 

911' 

4  to    10  inches  dull  blue  limestone, 

sometimes  has  a  bed  of  cone-in-cone 

structure  on  upper  surfaces.  Fossils 

are    Allorisma    subcuneata,  Pinna 

peracuta,  F.dmondia,  Myalina  sub- 

quadrata,  Athyris  subtilita,  Spiri- 

fer earner  atus,  Ckonetes,  Spirifer- 

ina  Kentuckensis,    Productus  Ne- 

brascensis,    Hemipronites    crassus, 

P.  Prattenianus,  Murchisonia,  Bel- 

lerophon    Marconianis,    B.  ellipti- 

cus  Rhombopora    lepidodendroides, 

Crinoid  stems,  Platycrinus  'I  spines 

of      Archceocidaris       megastylus, 

Bryozoa,  and   Fistulapora   noditli- 

fera. 

187        T.  ft. 

910'        2" 

3    to  4   ft.    Fusulina  shales.     Other 

Holt  Co.,  between 

fossils  are   Archtzocidaris,    Crinoi- 

Forbes  and  For- 

deas, Spirifer  cameradts,    Athyris 

est  City. 

subtilita,      Terebratula     bozndens, 

Hemipronites  crassns,  Polypora. 

1  86 

15  ^ 

907'        2" 

Ash-gray  limestones.     Fossils,  Spirt- 

Same  as  last. 

ferina  Kentuckensis,  Terebratula 

Mo.          Nodaway 

bovidens,  Prodnctns  splendent,  P. 

Riv. 

Nebrascensis,     Chonetes,     Athyris 

Nicholson. 

subtilita,     Hemipronites     crassus, 

Ohio  Mills. 

Spirifer  lineatus,  Allorisma,  Enio- 

Iowa  point. 

lium      aviculatum,      Bellerophon 

Bridgewater. 

crassus,  Bell.  Kansascnsis,  Nauti- 

lus, Naticopsis  Altonensis,  Clicztetes, 

Fusulina  cylindrica,  Syntrilasma 

hemiplicala,    Lophophyllitm  proli- 

ferum,  Sp.  cameratus. 

185 

5ft- 

892'        2" 

Blue  and  bituminous  shales. 

Same  as  last. 

184 

2ft. 

887'        2" 

Even    layer   fine-grained   limestone. 

Would  polish  well. 

'83 

7ft. 

885'        2" 

Shales. 

do. 

182 

5  ft- 

878'        2" 

Buff  limestone. 

Ohio  Mills. 

181 

2  ft. 

873'        2" 

Sandstone. 

Forbes  and  N.  W. 

i8o|     2  ft. 

871'        2" 

Slope.     No  rocks  seen. 

to  .Forest  City. 

179 

Limestone. 

On        Brockman's 

178 

II  ft. 

869'        2" 

Slope.     No  rocks  seen. 

Branch,  Holt  Co. 

177 

2ft. 

858'        2" 

Drab  limestone,  with  Fusulina. 

do. 

176 

8  in. 

856'        2" 

Bluish  ash  limestone. 

do. 

175 

4  in. 

855'      6" 

Shales. 

do. 

174 

i  ft.    6  in. 

855'        2" 

Drab  limestone. 

do. 

173 

i8ft. 

853'      8" 

Slope.     No  rocks  seen. 

do. 

172 

Bituminous  shales  outcrop. 

do. 

171 

5  ft- 

835'      8" 

Pale-green  shaly  limestone,  with  Fu- 

Near    mouth     of 

sulina. 

Nodaway  River. 

170 

44ft. 

830'      8" 

Slope.     No  rocks  seen. 

169 

2  ft. 

786'      8" 

Dark  ash  shelly  limestone,  Fusulina 

Near  Savannah. 

abounds. 

1  68 

3ft- 

784'      8" 

Dark  olive  shales. 

167 

3ft- 

781'      8" 

Light-  drab    limestone,     has     calcite 

Near  Savannah. 

GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-  WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


No. 

Thickness. 

Total  Thickness. 

Description  and  List  of  Fossils. 

jOcality  where  found. 

specks,  upper  part   nodular,  lower 

layer  even.      Fossils,  Syringapora 

multattenuata,   Fistulapora  nodu- 

hfera,  Nautilus  occidenlalis,   Spi- 

rifer  (Martinia)   lineatus,    Spiri- 

ferina  Kentuckensis,    Terebratula 

bovidens. 

166 

3ft- 

778'      8" 

Shelly  and   nodular   limestone.       A- 

bounds     in    Fusnlina    cylindrica. 

Other  fossils  wo.^Syringapjra  Mul- 

tattenuata, Bryozoa,  large  crinoid 

do. 

stems,  Chenoniya  Minehaha,  Che- 

noniya    Leavensivorthensis,    Mya- 

lina  subquadrata,Athyris  subtilita, 

Hemipronites  crasms,  Spirifer  ca- 

meratus,    Sp.  lineatus,   Prod,  cos- 

talus,  and  a  fish-tooth. 

165 

3ft. 

775'      8" 

Dark  shales. 

do. 

164 

i  ft. 

772'      8" 

Bituminous  shales. 

do. 

163 

4  in. 

771'      8" 

tuisulina  shales. 

do. 

162 

10  in. 

77i'      4" 

Fusulina  limestones. 

do. 

161 

9  ft. 

770'      6" 

Yellow  shales  and  limestone  nodules. 

do. 

1  60 

4  ft.    6  in. 

761'      6" 

Light-brown  limestone,    rough  frac- 

do.   and  on 

ture.      Has  dark-brown  streaks  and 

Island  Branch  in 

white  specks,  full  of  fossil  remains. 

Gentry  Co. 

159 

5ft- 

757' 

Clay  shales. 

Highest     rock    in 

Platte    and    Bu- 

chanan Co. 

158 

\\  in. 

752' 

Coal  near  Savannah. 

Savannah. 

157 

9  ft. 

751'    10" 

Shaly  sandstone. 

do. 

156 

3  in- 

742'    jo" 

Coal. 

do. 

ISS 

8  ft.    6  in. 

742'      7" 

Sandy  shales. 

do. 

154 

2  ft. 

734'      i* 

Fusulina  limestone. 

do. 

!53 

9  ft. 

732'      i" 

Shales. 

do. 

152 

9  ft. 

723'      i" 

3  to  14  ft.  strong,  tough  silicious  and 

do.     and  at 

oolitic     limestone,      even     layers, 

mouth  of  Noda- 

sometimes  cross-laminated.  Fossils, 

way. 

Pinna  peracuta,    Myalina    Swal- 

Amazonia. 

lovi,  Monoptira,  Lingula,  Avlcitlo- 

Block's  Mills. 

pecten  occidentalis,  Schizodus,  Ma- 

crodon  tenuictriata. 

I5I 

2ft. 

714'    i" 

Shales. 

150 

27  ft. 

712     i" 

27  to  35  feet  irregularly  bedded,  gray- 

Island W.  in  Gen- 

ish drab  limestone  with  occasiona 

try   Co.     N.   of 

chest  layers.      Fossils  are  Fusulina 

Savannah.    Am- 

• 

cylindrica  (most  abundant),  Athyris 

azonia.     Mo.    of 

subtilita,  Spirifer  camerattis,   Sp. 

Nod  away  R.  St. 

lineatus,   Rhynconella     Osagensis, 

Joseph.    Block's 

Ort/iis  carbonaria,     Syntriolasma 

Mills.    la  tan. 

hemiplicata,     Retzia  punctulifera 

Niagara    Creek. 

Spiriferina   Kentuckensis,     Chon- 

Andrewes. 

etes  Smithii,  Productus  fplendcns, 

Prod.  Prattenianus,  P.  Nebrascen- 

sis,  P.  costatus,  P.  puiictatus,  Mya- 

lina Swallovi,  Edmondia  reflexa, 

Solenomya,  Hemipronites   crassus, 

Monoptera      gibbosa,      Allorisma 

granosus,   Allorisma  ,  Beller 

ophon  ,  Goniatites,  Macrockei 

UPPER  COAL-MEASURES. 


93 


No. 

Thickness.       i' 

Fotal  Thickness. 

Description  and  List  of  Fossils. 

Locality  where  found. 

lus    ventricosits,     Fistulapora  nod- 

tilifera,     Khombopora     lepidoden- 

droides,  Pleurotomaria,  small  Phil- 

lipsiaand  a.  f  moid. 

149 

3ft. 

685       I 

Shales. 

148 

2ft. 

682'      l" 

Jlue  and  bituminous  shales. 

H7 

2  ft.     4  in. 

680       l" 

Jmestone. 

Mo.  Nodaway. 

146 

4  ft. 

677'     9" 

Shales. 

145 

8ft. 

673'     9" 

Slope,  no  rocks  seen. 

144 

5  ft- 

665'     9" 

Whitish  shales. 

143 

yft. 

660'     9" 

3uff   limestone.      Fossils,    Chenomya 

St.  Joseph.    Ama- 

Minekalia, Allorisma  stibcitneata, 

zonia,     latan. 

Heniipronites    crassus,    Prodiictns 

splendens,      Prod.      costatus,      P. 

semi-reticulatus,  Spirifer  camera- 

tus,    Sp.  plano-convexns,   Crinoid 

stems,  Lophophyllum  proliferum. 

I42 

^ocal  bed  of  sandstone  observed  at 

St.  Joseph. 

I4I 

3  U1- 

653'    9" 

31ack  streak,  traces  of  coal. 

Amazonia. 

I40 

5  ft.  10  in. 

653'    6" 

3  ark  clay. 

do. 

139 

4  ft. 

647'    8" 

-led  shales  —  makes    good    dark  red 

Amazonia,  St.   Jo- 

paint,   found   at  various   places  in 

seph,        Block's 

bluffs  from  latan  to  Amazonia. 

Mills,         Island 

branch,   and    E. 

of  Savannah. 

138 

4  ft. 

643'    8" 

Green  shales. 

137 

7  ft. 

639'    8 

ferruginous  limestone,  conglomerate. 

St.  Joseph. 

136 

42  ft. 

632'    8 

Shales,  at  Amazonia. 

Amazonia,    E.     of 

Savannah. 

135 

4  ft. 

590'    8" 

Sandstone. 

Sfiagara    Cr.    An- 

drew    Co.,      12 

miles  below  St. 

Joseph,    Blocks' 

Mills,          latan, 

Sugar  Cr.,    Bu- 

chanan Co. 

134 

24  in. 

586'    8" 

Shales  and  coal-seams,   includes  n^ 

inches  of  coal  separated  into  sever- 

al thin  layers  by  black  shales. 

133 

II  ft. 

584'    8" 

Shaly  slope. 

I32 

I  ft. 

573'    8" 

Sandy,  ferruginous,   shaly  limestone. 

St.   Joseph,   above 

Fossils,   Bellerophon  percarinatus, 

and  below. 

Bell,  carbonarins,  Bell.  Kansasen- 

sts,  Heniipronites  crassus,  Myalina 

szibquadrata,  Astartella  vera. 

13 

22  ft. 

572'    8" 

Mostly  shales. 

do. 

130 

6ft. 

550'    8" 

Red  and  green  shales. 

St.  Joseph  and  be- 

low. 

129 

4  ft. 

544'    8" 

Green  shales,   with  bands  of  yellow 

do. 

ochre. 

12 

4  ft. 

540'    8" 

Limestone,   Athyris  subtilita,  Spiri- 

St.   Joseph   and  3 

fer  camerattts,  Orthis  carbonaria, 

miles  above. 

Allorisma  subctmeata,  Pinna  per- 

acula,  Fusjtlina  cylindrica,  Hemi- 

pronites  crassus. 

12 

56  ft. 

536'    8" 

Shales. 

Below   latan    and 

above  Weston. 

12 

2  ft.     6  in. 

480'    8 

Numerous    fossils,    Astartella   vera, 

Weston,      and     3 

Nuculana  bellistriata,Leda  Oweni, 

miles  N. 

94 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


No. 

Thickness. 

Total  Thickness. 

Description  and  List  of  Fossils. 

Locality  where  found. 

Nitcula   ventricosa,  My  a  Una  sitb- 

qitadrata,  Sc/iizodus,  Pinna  pera- 

cnta,       Monoptera,      Bellerophon 

Kansasensis,     Bell,     carbonarius, 

Bell,     percarinatus.       Orthoceras 

cribrosum,   Lophophyllum  prolife  • 

rum,  Pleurotomaria,  Nautilus  occi- 

dentalis,  Prod.  Nebrascensis. 

125 

21    ft. 

478'      2" 

Shales. 

Weston. 

124 

8  in. 

457'    2" 

Drab,  rough  sandstone. 

do. 

123 

10  in. 

456'    6" 

Black  shales,  sometimes  thin  coal  and  Do.    and    Watson 

remains  of  cicadeous  plants. 

in  Daviess  Co. 

122 

6  ft. 

455'    8" 

Shales. 

do. 

121 

18  ft. 

449'    8" 

Limestone  —  12  to  18  feet,  Spirifuria 

Same  localities  as 

Kentuckensis,     Athyris     subtilita, 

last. 

Pleitrotomaria,  Hemipronites. 

1  2O 

37  ft- 

43i'    8" 

Shales. 

Weston. 

119 

15  ft- 

394'    8" 

Sandstone  Calamites,  etc. 

Waldron. 

118 

10  in. 

379'    8" 

Coal  —  shaly. 

3  miles  above  Wal- 

117 

4  ft. 

378'  10" 

Shales. 

dron. 

116 

15  ft- 

374'  10"      !  Sandstone. 

As  last. 

"5 

3  ft- 

359'  I0" 

Sandy    limestone,    Fossils    Myalina 

Weston. 

subquadrata,     Avicu'opecten    car- 

bonarius,     Chonetes    granulifera, 

Hemipronites     crassus,     Meekella 

striato-costata,    Athyris   subtilita, 

Productns      Prattenianus,     small 

Crinoid  stems,  and  Lophophyllum 

prolifernm. 

114 

IO  in. 

356'  10" 

Shales. 

do. 

"3 

3  ft.     6  in. 

356' 

Buff  limestone. 

Weston  and  Wal- 

112 

13  ft.     6  in. 

352'    6" 

Limestone  ;    gray   contains   Bryozoa 

dron. 

Meekella    striato-costata,    Spirifer 

Same  localities  as 

camerattts,    Productns,    Prattenia- 

last. 

nus,  P.  Nebrascensis,  P.pnntlatus, 

Fusulina  cylindrica. 

III 

5  ft.     6  in. 

339' 

Shales,  the  middle  8  inches  bitumin- 

Weston. 

ous,  light  and  dark  blue  variegated, 

—  -fucoids. 

110 

4  ft. 

333'    6" 

Blue  limestone,  many  small  univalves, 

Platte  Co.,  below 

Loxonema,   Pleurotomaria,   Athy- 

-Weston,     Wal- 

ris, Hemipronites,  Orthis  carbon- 

dron,     and      at 

aria,  Syntriclasma,  Chonetes,  Ma- 

Saul,  Missouri. 

crodon,  Rhombopora  and  Synocla- 

dia  biserialis. 

IO9 

19  ft. 

329'    6" 

Shales,  contains  a  band  of  bituminous 

shales. 

'  108 

1  8  ft. 

310'    6" 

Irregularly    bedded    blue    and    gray 

Farley.          Union 

limestone,  with  buff  shaly  partings. 

Mills.  Waldron. 

Plattsburgh  Group.     Fossils  nume- 

Parkville,    near 

rous,   especially  Bryozoans.     Also 

Liberty,    Platts- 

in   gray    bed    at    top,     Naticopsis 

burgh. 

Pricei,    Bellerophon    carbonarius, 

Mnrchisonia  ,  Macrodon,  Or- 

thoceras cribrosum,  Myalina  Swal- 

lovi,  Nuculana  bellistriata,  and  a 

thin  layer  of  cone-in-cone.     Below 

we    find    many   Bryozoans,    large 

Macrocheilus  (inhabilis),   Bellero- 

UPPER  COAL-MEASURES. 


95 


No. 

Thickness. 

Total  Thickness. 

Description  and  List  of  Fossils. 

Locality  where  found. 

* 

yi/i,-ii»     Pdv^  ^'  "f^'C^S^'s                   P^"ltrG 

toniaria  turbiniformis.    Ath.  sub- 

tilita  (large  var.),  Prod,  splendens, 

P.    Nebrascensis,    P.   costatus,   P. 

symmetricus,   Prod.    Americanus. 

Prod.  pitnctatus,  P.  Prattenianus, 

Myalina  Subquadrata,  My.  Sival- 

lovi,    Spirifer   cameratus,   Pinna 

peracuta,    Edmondia     Unionifor- 

mis,     Aviculopecten     providencis, 

Retzia     punctulifera,     Astartclla 

vera,  Eutolium  aviculatutu  Monop- 

tera,  Nautihis  occidentalis,  Ortho- 

ceras    cribrosum,    Crinoid   stems, 

Synocladia     biserialis,     Petalodtis 

destructor  and  another  fish-tooth, 

spine    of  Archaocidaris^    Fistula- 

pora  noditlifera,  glabella  of  Phil- 

lip sia  major. 

107 

I    ft. 

292'    6" 

Calcareous  sandstone  contains  Ento- 

Same    locality    as 

litmi  aviculatum,  Myalina  Kansa- 

last. 

sensis,  My.  subquadrata,  Aviculo- 

pecten occidentalis,   Athyris  subti- 

lita. 

106 

5  ft. 

291'    6" 

Sandy  shales. 

105 

2    ft. 

286'    6" 

Conglomerate. 

104 

14    ft. 

284'    6" 

Shaly  sandstone. 

103      21    ft. 

270'    6" 

Soft  buff  sandstone  and  shales. 

102 

I    ft. 

249'    6" 

Ferruginous  conglomerate,  hard  cal- 

careous,     Myalina     subqnadrata, 

Phillipsia  major. 

101 

3ft. 

248'    6" 

Shales. 

IOO 

3ft- 

245'    6" 

Hard  ferruginous  limestone,  3  to  10 

Parkville. 

ft.     Contains    large    fossils,    Pro- 

Waldron. 

dnctus    Nebrascensis,  P.  America- 

Liberty. 

mis,   Myalina  siibqnadrata. 

99 

3i  ^ 

242'    6" 

Sandy  shales. 

98 

30  ft. 

211'    6" 

Irregularly  bedded  gray  and  buff  thin 

Top    Rock,     at 

bedded  limestone.   Fossils  are,  Pro- 

Kansas  City, 

ductus  splendens,   P.  costatns,    P. 

Parkville, 

Rogersis,     Terebratula      bovidens, 

Waldron, 

Athyris  stibtilita,  Meekella  striato- 

Independence. 

coslata,  Synlriclasma  hemiplicata, 

Myalina  Swallovi,  and  Bryozoans  . 

97 

25  ft. 

.181'    6" 

Blue  clay  shales,  has   ochre  concre- 

tions, P.    Pratteniamis. 

Kansas  City  and 

96 

5 

156'    6"     !  Bluish-gray  limestone,   contains  large 

Parkville. 

fossils,  P.  costatus,  P.  Americamis, 

Same    locality    as 

P.  pnnctalus,  Prod,  symmetricus, 

above. 

Prod,  splendens,  P.  Nebrascensis, 

Liberty, 

Sp.  cameratus,  Ilemipronites.  My- 

De Kalb  Co. 

alina  ?  Swallovi,  Athyris,    Poly- 

Daviess  Co. 

pheinopsis,  Clurtetes,  head  of  Phil- 

Gentry Co. 

lipsia,  pygidium  of  Phillipsia  ma- 

Independence. 

jor,  Naticopsis,  Nautilus  f  err  atus, 

Fistnlapora   nodnlifera,    Rhombo- 

• 

pora  lepidodendroides,   Synocladia 

biscrialis,  Polypora  submarginata, 

Fenestella   Shumardana. 

96 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


No. 

Thickness. 

1'otal  Thickness. 

Description  and  List  of  Fossils. 

Locality  where  found. 

95 

2  ft.    9  in. 

151'    6" 

3Iue  and  bituminous  shales. 

» 

94 

93 

13  in. 

148'    9" 

Shales.    Pletirotomaria,  Polypheinop- 

92 

i  ft.    i  in.           147'    8" 

sis,  etc. 

91 

5ft. 

146'    7" 

Even  bed  of  coralline  limestone. 

31ue    shales.     Fossils   in  upper  6  in. 

Athyris,    Rhombopora,     Sp.  Ken- 

tuckensis. 

9° 

9  ft. 

141'    7" 

Drab    limestone    Campophyllum  tor-  Parkville. 

quiam,  LophopJiylluni  proliferiim,  Kansas    City    and 

Fistulapoi'a  nodulifcra,  Proditctits      bluffs  opposite. 

splendent,   Meekella    Sp.    camera- 

tics,  Sp.  Kentnckensis,  Athyris. 

89 

5ft- 

132'    7" 

Blue  and  olive  shales.                              Kansas  City. 

88 

2  ft. 

127'    7" 

Nodular  and  buff  shales. 

87 

b  3  ft. 

125'    7" 

Irregularly  bedded  bluish  drab  lime- 

stone. 

do. 

87 

a  18  ft. 

122'    7" 

Fossils,  Eiitolium  avicnlatum,  Mac- 

Kansas    City     and 

rodan  temtistriata   Bryozoa,  Avi- 

Clay  Co.    oppo- 

culopecten, Avic.  providencis,  Sp. 

site,  below  Park- 

Kentuckensis Retzia  punrtiilifera, 

ville. 

Terebratula  bovidens,  Aviculopec- 

ten  occidentalis,  Edmondia  refte.ra, 

Pleurotomaria  titrbiniformis,  Bel- 

lerophon  crass/is,  Synocladia  bise- 

rialis.        The  rock   is   beautifully 

oolitic. 

86 

15  ft. 

104'    7" 

Shales. 

Kansas  City. 

85^ 

14  in. 

89'    7" 

Blue  limestone,  Fossils  are  Allorisma 

N.  Mo  ,  June. 

regularis,  Arclucocidaris,  Crinoid 

Clay  Co. 

stems,  Chonetes.     P.  splendens. 

85^ 

2|ft. 

88'    5" 

Blue  clay  shales.                                      Same  locality. 

85^ 

4  in. 

85'    n" 

Rotten  coal  —  cordaites.                         ;Same    locality. 

85« 

8ft.     8  in. 

85'    7" 

Very  dark   blue   silicious   limestone,  Same  locality  as 

with  lenticular  forms   and  concre- 

last, also, 

tionary  beds  of  black  chert.  Fossils'  Independence, 

numerous,  especially  in  upper  part,  L.  Blue, 

including  Lingula  —  Bellerophon  Pleasant  Hill, 

percarinatus,    B.     Montfortiana,  Liberty,  and  in 

Platyostoma,  Peoriensis,  Naticopsis 

Daviess  and 

Pricei,  Archtrocidaris,  Aviculopec- 

Harrison. 

ten    occidentalis,  Avic.  carbonari- 

;/j,  Pinna  peracuta,  Aviculopinna 

Americana,  Myalina  fCansasensis, 

My.   subquadrata,  My.   Swallom, 

Schizodns     Wheeler  it,    Edmondia 

Nebrascensis,     Allorisma,      Pleu- 

rophortts,  Pscitdomonotis,  Athyris, 

Hemipronites  crassus,  Prod.    Ne- 

brascensis, P.    symmetricus,    Sole- 

nomya,  Euomphahis  rugosus,  Bry- 

ozoa, Phillipsia  major. 

84 

9  ft.    4  in. 

76'  n" 

Fine-grained  dove    and  drab  colored 

Randolph,  Mo. 

limestone,   calcite  specks  through- 

City. 

out. 

In  2  beds   Athyris  and  Orthoceras. 

Kansas  City. 

5  in. 

67'    7"     jShales. 

Pleasant  Hill. 

83 

3  ft.    8  in. 

67'    2" 

Irregularly    bedded    drab    and    blue  Same    locality    as 

limestone,  some  chert  concretions,       the  last,  and  also 

UPPER  COAL-MEASURES. 


97 


No. 

Thickness. 

Total  Thickness. 

Description  and  List  of  Fossils. 

Locality  where  found. 

and  has  buff  shaly  partings.     Fos- 

Greenwood  and 

sils,   Productus    Nebrascensis,    P. 

halfway  to  Lee's 

punctatus,  P.  costatus,    P.    splen- 

Summit.    Galla- 

dcns,    Athyris   subtilita,    Spirifer 

tin,    in   Daviess 

cameratus,  Sp.  Kentuckensis,  large 

Co.,    Groomer's 

Nautilus,    Myalina    Kansasensis, 

Mill,  in  Daviess 

Lophophyllum,  Orthoceras,  Arclue- 

Co.,    Amos's  in 

ocidaris,   Fusulina,    Syringopora, 

Jackson  Co. 

large  Crinoid  stems,  and  Bryozoa. 

83 

5  in. 

6l'     6" 

Blue  shales. 

82 

14  in. 

61'    i" 

Concretionary  ash  blue  limestone. 

N.  Mo.  Junction. 

Large  Rhynchonella,  Prod,  splendens, 

Kansas    City,     P. 

Athyris,  Myalina  Swallovi. 

Hill  and  Amos. 

8ic 

II  in. 

60' 

Blue  shales. 

Sil> 

I  ft.     7  in. 

59' 

Bituminous  shales,  contains  Hymeno- 

phillites  adnascetts. 

8ia 

2ft. 

57'    5" 

Clay  shales. 

So 

4  ft. 

55'    5" 

Nodular  and  shelly  fine-grained  lime- 

stone. 

79 

I  ft. 

S1'    5" 

Oolitic  limestone,  near  Pleasant  Hill 

is  4  feet,  and  Kirtly's  quarry,  Liv- 

ingston Co.,  is  8  feet. 

78 

20  ft.     8  in. 

5°'    5" 

"Bethany     Falls"     limestone     dun 

Kansas  City,   Ow- 

and gray.     Athyris,  Hemipronites, 

ens'  landing,  Li- 

P.   costatus,    Prod.    Nebrascensis, 

berty      landing, 

P.   splendens,    P.  punctatus,    Ed- 

Greenwood, 

mondia,  Allorisma  regtilaris,  Mee- 

Pleasant      Hill, 

kella,       Archtzocidaris,       Crinoid 

Lonejack,Chapel 

stems,  Lophophyllum,  Syringopora 

Hill,    Harrison- 

multattenuata,  Scaphiocrinus  hem- 

ville,   Greenton, 

isphericus. 

Gallatin,    Beth- 

any,      Pat  tons- 

burgh. 

•jib 

2  ft.    2  in. 

29'    9" 

Blue  clay  shales. 

77« 

I  ft.    4  in. 

27'    7" 

Bituminous  shales. 

76V 

I  ft.     2  in. 

26'    3" 

14  to  18  inches  dull  blue  limestone, 

contains    Lophophyllum    and   Sp. 

cameratus. 

76^ 

7  in. 

25', 

Blue  clay  shales. 

76^ 

6  in. 

24'    6" 

Concretionary   limestone,    Meekella, 

Hemipronites,  Spirifer  cameratus, 

Athyris    subtilita,    P.    Prattenia- 

nus,  Chonetes,  Rhombopora,  Bryo- 

zoa, Allorisma  subcuneata. 

75 

2ft. 

24' 

Blue  clay  shales. 

74 

6ft. 

22' 

Gray     and     ferruginous     limestone, 

Athyris  subtilita,    Lophophyllum 

proliferum,  Crinoids,  Rhombopora, 

is  somewhat  oolitic. 

73 

14  ft. 

16' 

Clay  shales  —  sometimes  replaced  by  a 

porous  sandstone. 

72 

2ft. 

2 

Calcareous  sandstone  and  sandy  lime- 

Only found   south 

stone,  abounding  in  fossils,  Myalina 

of    Mo.    River, 

subquadrata,  Pinna  peracuta,  Avi- 

Pleasant      Hill, 

culopecten    providencis,     Bellero- 

and      Harrison  - 

phon  (large),  Pletirotomaria  (2  or  3 

ville. 

Sp.),  Loxonema,  Naticopsis,  Phil- 

lipsia,  Euomphalusrugosus,  Stra- 

parollus    umbilicatzis,    Orthoceras 

cribrosum,  Nautilus,  Schizodus. 

98  GEOLOG Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

AREA  AND  THICKNESS. 

The  upper  or  barren  coal-measures  of  Missouri  include  a  verti- 
cal thickness  of  1,087  feet>  from  No.  72  of  our  General  Section  of 
upper  coal-measures,  to  No.  224  inclusive.  To  this  we  may  add  180 
feet  of  Atchison  County  rocks,  with  probably  about  50  feet  of  rock 
not  seen  in  Missouri,  but  which  should  be  placed  above  No.  224,  and 
at  a  lower  geological  position  than  our  Atchison  County  rocks,  thus 
making  a  total  of  1,317  feet  of  upper  coal-measures,  extending  to 
the  highest  rock  in  Atchison  County,  and  embracing  an  area  of 
8,406  square  miles,  including  the  rocks  in  the  counties  of  Atchison, 
Holt,  Nodaway,  Andrew,  Buchanan,  Clinton,  Dekalb,  Gentry, 
Worth,  Harrison,  Daviess,  Platte,  Clay  and  most  of  Cass,  Jackson 
and  Caldwell,  with  limited  areas  in  Johnson,  Lafayette,  Ray,  Liv- 
ingston, Grundy  and  Mercer.  The  south  and  east  boundary  of  the 
upper  coal-measures  is  about  as  follows  :  Entering  the  State  near 
the  south-west  part  of  Cass  County,  passing  eastwardly,  near  Har- 
risonville,  thence,  north-east  across  the  mounds  between  Big 
Creek  and  Camp  branch,  thence,  north-east  to  the  middle  of  T.  46, 
R.  29,  thence,  north  to  Chapel  Hill  in  Lafayette  County,  thence, 
via  Oak  Grove  and  Pink  Hill,  Jackson  County,  to  Blue  Mills  or 
Owen's  landing  on  the  Missouri  river.  Crossing  the  river  the  line 
passes  down  to  the  vicinity  of  Albany,  Ray  County,  thence,  it 
trends  off  to  the  north  part  of  Ray  County  and  the  line  of  Cald- 
well and  Livingston  Counties,  thence,  northwardly  along  the  ridges 
on  the  west  side  of  the  east  fork  of  Grand  river,  to  the  line  of 
Grundy  and  Mercer  Counties,  and  thence,  northwardly  to  the  Iowa 
State  line.  Around  and  without  this  line  are  occasional  outliers 
of  upper  coal-measure  rocks,  for  instance,  Centre  Knob  at  Kings- 
ville,  Johnson  County,  and  the  knobs  to  the  North  ;  the  long  ridge 
East  and  North  of  Greenton,  Lafayette  County,  Grady's  Knob, 
near  Wellington,  and  hills  east  of  Grand  river,  Mercer  County. 
Within  this  border  where  the  streams  have  made  deep  erosions,  the 
sandstones  Nos.  65  to  69  of  the  middle  coal  series,  are  often  exposed 
for  some  distance  up  stream,  as  for  instance  on  Big  Creek,  Cass 
County,  nearly  to  the  Jackson  County  line,  on  Little  Blue,  Jackson 
County,  as  far  up  as  the  middle  of  T.  48,  and  on  Shoal  Creek, 
Caldwell  County,  nearly  to  Kingston  ;  and  up  the  west  fork  of 
Grand  river,  above  Gallatin. 


UPPER  COAL-MEASURES.  99 

In  this  great  thickness  of  upper  coal-measures,  only  about  8  thin 
seams  of  coal  are  found,  amounting  in  the  aggregate  to  about  four 
feet,  including  one  of  10  inches,  another  of  about  a  foot ;  two  are 
of  3  inches  in  thickness,  and  the  others  mere  streaks  of  one  to  two 
inches  thick. 

Descriptive  Sections  along  the  Missouri  River. — In  ascending 
the  Missouri  river,  the  lower  strata  of  the  upper  coal-measures  are 
first  seen  a  half-mile  above  Albany,  Ray  County.  At  this  place, 
No.  78  crops  out  12  feet  in  thickness  at  130  feet  above  the  bottoms. 
Two  miles  further  west,  16  feet  of  this  limestone  is  seen  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  112  feet  above  the  bottoms,  with  sandy  shale  reaching 
within  33  feet  of  the  limestone.  Four  feet  above  the  base  of  the 
hill  is  one  foot  of  dark  olive  brown  calcareo-arenaceous  shale  con- 
taining remains  of  fossils,  including  Spirifer  (Martinia)  plano-con- 
vextis,  Lop  hop  hy  Hum  proliferum  and  Crinoid  stems.  Ten  miles 
west,  at  the  east  end  of  Missouri  City,  the  bluffs  appear  thus  :— 

Fig.  20. 


SLOPt 


*o   SANDSTONE 

IO*  3ANOT     SHALtS 


15   SLOPE- 

or    R.AUHQA.0     THACK 


EAST    END    OF    MISSOURI     CITY 
CLAY    CO. 


100 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


Fig.  21. 


N«   80. 
LIMESTONC    H*  73  , 


The  limestone  (84)  in  the  foregoing  Section  is  fine-grained  buff 
and  drab,  containing  many  small  calcite  specks.  Dendritic  mark- 
ings and  occasional  crys- 
tals of  calc-spar  appear  on 
the  joints.  One  half  mile 
above  MISSOURI  CITY  the 
bluffs  appear  as  shown  in 
Fig.  21. 

At  LIBERTY  LANDING 
limestone  No.  78  crops 
out,  14  feet  above  the  rail- 
road ;  at  the  tunnel  it 
forms  the  roof.  Our  Sec- 
tion here  is  thus  : — 


SLOPE 


COAL  SMUT 


SHALES 


KAH-flOAD 


SECTION  £  MILE  ABOVE  MISSOURI  ClTt 

CLAX   CO, 

lita,  Aviculopecten ,  Allorisma  — 


TUNNEL  ST.  L.  K.  C.  & 

N.   R.  R. 

The  concretionary  lime- 
stone  No.  76   in  Fig.  22 
abounds  in  fossils,   inclu- 
ding Meekella  striato-cos- 
tata,  Hemipronites  crassus, 
Spirifer  cameratus,  Spiri- 
fer    (Martinid)    lineatus, 
Chonetes,    Athyris    subti- 
,  Rhombopora  lepidodendro- 
ides,  Lophophyllum  proliferum,  small  Crinoid  stems,  and  Bryozoa. 

At  North  Missouri  Junction,  Nos.  78  to  85  of  our  General  Sec- 
tion are  well  exposed.  Section  189  was  taken  there,  and  is  as  follows  : 
No.   i  is  14   inches  of  dark-blue   limestone  with    Chonetes  and 
Crinoid  stems. 

2  is  2^  feet  of  blue  clay  shales. 

3  is  4  inches  black  streak  of  impure  rotten  coal.     (In  No.  85  of 
General  Section.) 

4  consists  of  8  feet   8  inches  of  dark  blue,   nearly  black  cherty 
limestone ;   abounds  in  fossils  mostly  near  the  upper  portion,  in- 
cluding  Athyris  subtilita,    Hemipronites    crasstis,   Lingula  , 

Productus    Nebrascensis,    P.   symmetricus,    Myalina    Kansasensis, 


UPPER  COAL-MEASURES. 
Fig.  22. 


N?    IM 
6CM . SEC. 


83 


I^LJJ-^r^r^-^J^-LJJ^ 


78 


77 

76 
75 


in_/ 

/      ^VJI  / 


Jfc 


.->Mb — « 


|o 


2  5 
2' 


i^     Jfodulon-  oLove  colored, 
-  (3   hThitisfi   ooLili? 


Thi.cK-    tedded  .flow 
8  fucoida.1 


Cldg   »  hales. 
-  16  J^ifurn  uterus  eha.let  . 


Blt4^c   clpv- 
r  ectoTi 
clciy 


a  *~y  Iirn.ey2.one 


Coarse 


SECTION     ON     ST. L.K.C.fc.N. R.R. 

ABOVE     LIBEKTY     LANDING    »    CLAY    CO    , 


IOI 


102 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


Fig.  23. 


- 


s- a 


f-8 


20-8 


SECTION     189    AT    N  .    MO  .  JUN  CT  IO  N 
CLAY  CO  . 

12 — 2  feet  clay  shales. 


M.  snbquadrata,  Pseudomonotis, 
Murchisonia,  Platyostoma  peo- 

riensis,  Naticopsis ,  Bellero- 

phon  Montfortiana,  B.  percari- 
natus,  Rhombopora  lepidoden- 
droides,  arms  of  Arch(socidari$t 
Bryozoa,  Nautilus,  and  Pkillip- 
sia. 

At  the  top  is  a  black  shaly 
band,  composed  almost  entirely 
of  leaves  of  Cordaites,  on  which, 
upon  examination,  are  found 
very  small  gasteropods.  Knife- 
edges  of  coal  are  also  found 
intercalated.  This  band  grad- 
ually passes  into  the  underly- 
ing cherty  beds.  The  interior 
parts  of  the  fossils  are  blue 
chert  changing  to  white  near 
the  testa,  and  the  chert  beds 
are  generally  blue,  changing  to 
white  on  the  exterior  surface 
(No.  85). 

No.  5  is  9  feet  4  inches  of 
limestone  in  two  beds,  the  up- 
per gray,  the  lower  ash  blue. 

6  is  5  inches  blue  shale. 

/•is  5  feet  8  inches  irregularly 
bedded  gray  limestone.  No. 
83  of  General  Section. 

8 — 5  inches  blue  shale. 

9 — 14  inches  concretionary 
limestone,  containing  Productus 
splendens,  Athyris  subtilita  and 
Myalina  Swallovia. 

No.  10  is  ii  inches  blue  shale. 

ii — 19  inches  bituminous 
shales. 


UPPER  COAL-MEASURES. 


103 


Fig.  24. 


13 — 20  feet  8  inches  of  limestone,  including  Nos.  78,  79  and  80. 

14  is  2  feet  blue  shales, — and 

15  is  5  feet  slope  to  grade  of  railroad. 
At  Randolph  the  top  of  No.  80  is 

level  with  the  grade  of  the  railroad. 
A  half-mile  further  we  have  the  Sec- 
tion annexed  : 

No.  i — 3  feet  dark  blue  cherty  lime- 
stone, contains  large  and  fine  speci- 
mens of  BelleropJion  percarinatus 
(No  85). 

2  is  3  feet  dark  blue  concretionary 
limestone. 

3 — 2  inches  chert. 

4 — 2  inches  shales. 

5 — Four  and  one  half  feet  fine- 
grained limestone,  admits  of  a  fine 
polish  (No.  84). 

6 — 2  inches  green  shale. 

7 — 2  feet  gray  limestone,  abounds 
in  Productus  costatus,  Prod,  puncta- 
tus  and  P.  Ncbrascensis.  (No.  83  of 
General  Section.) 

Half  a  mile  further  we  have  the 
following  : — See  Fig.  26. 

No.    I — 83  feet  slope. 


i 


T 


SECTION    NEAK.   1ANDOLPH 
CLAY  CO  . 

Section  189  at  North  Missouri  Junction. 


2 — 6  feet  of  fine-grained  limestone  in  3  to  8  inch  beds,  freely 
working,  and  separated  by  buff  shaly  partings  ;  abounds  in  Cam- 
pop hyllum  torqtiium,  Lop  hop Jiy Hum  proliferum,  Fistulapora  nodu- 
lifera,  Productus  splendens,  P.  costatus,  Athyris  subtilita,  Spirifer 
Kentuckensis. 

No.  3— 47  feet  slope. 

4 — 8  feet  deep  blue  cherty  limestone.     (See  Fig.  25.) 

5 — 21  feet  to  bottoms. 

In  No.  4  of  last  Sec.  (85  of  Gen.  Sec.),  are  found  at  this  place  in 
the  upper  portion,  Bellerophon  percarinatus,  Naticopsis  and  Murch- 
isonia.  The  lower  beds  contain  Myalina  subquadrata,  Schizodus, 
Pinna  peracuta,  Solenomya,  Aviculopecten  occidentalis,  Hemipro- 
nites  crassus,  Fish-tooth  and  Orthoceras  cribrosum. 


104 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


A  little  further  along  the  bluffs,  we  find  : — 

No.    i — Shaly  limestone. 

2 — 4  feet  shales. 

3 — 6  feet  limestone,  containing  concretions  of  black  chert  (85). 

Fig.  25.  Fig.  26. 


.f  . 


T 


47' 


Si 
N?  85    OPPOSITE     HARLEM 

CLAY   CO  - 

The  following  is  the  section,  one  mile 
east  of  the  Pacific  Depot,  at  Kansas 
City.  (See  Fig.  27.) 

No.  i — Blue  and  bituminous  shales. 

2 — 2  feet  shelly  buff  limestone. 

3* — i  foot  limestone. 

4 — i  foot  shale. 

5 — 41^  feet  shaly  slope. 

6—7  feet  Oolitic  limestone  (No. 
87). 

7 — 21  feet  slope. 

8 — 4  feet  blue  cherty  limestone,  fos- 
siliferous  at  top,  shaly  below. 

9 — I  foot  banded  deep-blue  silicious 
limestone. 
10—3   to   5   inches   deep  black-blue  SECTION  OPPOSITE  HARLEM 

.  CLAY  CO. 

chert. 

ii — 14  inches  compact  deep-blue  silicious  limestone. 

12 — 8  inches  shelly  limestone. 

13 — 21  inches  deep-blue  limestone  with  dark  chert  concretions. 

14 — 3   feet    concretionary,  deep-blue,  limestone  with  blue  chert 
concretions. 

15 — 3^  feet  shaly  slope. 

16 — 6^  feet  gray  limestone  (No.  84). 


UPPER  COAL-MEASURES. 


105 


17 — 1 6  feet  to  Missouri  bottoms. 

The  following  section,  Fig.  28,  taken  800  feet  east  of  the  Union 
depot,  Kansas  City,  represents  the  correlation  of  strata  from  No. 
82  to  85  inclusive. 

Fig.  27.  Fig.  28. 


17 


a  . 

.}.'. 
i 

*3 


16 


*V  ^ 

4 
0 


SECTION     AT    KANSAS    CITY        gtCTlON     AT     KANSAS    CITY" 

.MILE     F^T    OF    FAC.r.C     DCPOT 


80o'EAsT     or    UN,ON    DEPOT 

No.    I  —  7  feet  limestone  and  chert.     The  upper  portion  dark 


1 06  GEOL OG  Y  OF  NOR  TH-  WESTERN  MISSO  URL 

blue-black  shelly  limestone,  abounding  in  fossils,  including  Bellero- 
phon  pcrcarinatus,  Platyostoma  Peoriensis,  Euomphalus  rugosus  ? 
(large  SpJ]  Myalina  Kansasensis,  Myalina  Swallovi,  Schizodus 
Wheelerii,  Pleurophorus  ?  Allorisma,  Aviculopecten  occidcntalis, 
Aviculopinna  Americana,  Pinna  peracuta,  arms  of  Arch&ocidaris 
and  Bryozoa.  The  middle  bed  abounds  in  deep  blue  chert  concre- 
tions of  irregular  shape,  incased  in  a  matrix  of  dark-blue  silicious 
limestone  (No.  85). 

2 — is  2^  feet  of  concretionary  limestone  and  shales. 

3 — 2  feet  dark  olive  bluish  shales  (No.  85). 

4 — II  inches  shelly  limestone. 

5 — 39  inches  fine-grained  limestone  (No.  84). 

7 — 33  inches  limestone,  contains  some  chert.  Product  us  cost  at  us 
abounds  (No.  83). 

8 — 10  inches  shale. 

9 — Limestone — lower  beds  concealed. 

Opposite  Fort  Scott  depot,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  above,  the  strata 
are  thus  : — Fig.  29. 

I — Bluff  formation  on  hill-top. 

2 — 30  feet  limestone  (No.  98  of  Gen.  Sec.),  generally  in  thin, 
irregular  layers  of  gray,  bluish-gray  and  flesh-colored  limestone, 
which  are  often  traversed  by  veins  of  calcite  ;  contains  occasional 
fossils,  such  as  Productus  punctatus,  P.  Nebrascensis,  P.  splendens, 
Bryozoa  and  Meekella. 

No.  3 — is  25  feet  of  blue  and  olive-colored  clay  shales. 

4 — 5  feet  limestone,  abounding  in  mostly  large  Producti,  P.  cos- 
tatus,  P.  punctatiis,  P.  Americanus,  P.  Prattenianus,  Sp.  came- 
ratus,  and  Hemipronites  crassus. 

5 — 2  feet  9  inches  blue  and  bituminous  shales,  elongated  concre- 
tions in  the  upper  part. 

6 — 13  inches  shales  abounding  in  small  Plctirotomaria,  Polyphe- 
mopsis,  &c. 

7 — 13  inches  even  bed  of  blue  limestone  variegated  with  irregu- 
lar dark  windings. 

8 — 5  feet  blue  shales.  In  upper  part  abounds  in  Athyris,  Rhom- 
bopora  and  Spirifer  Kentuckensis . 

9 — 2  feet  shales  and  limestone  nodules. 

10 — 9  feet  greenish-gray  even- bedded  limestone  ;  contains  Cam- 
pophyllum  torquium,  Prod,  splendens  and  Athyris  subtilita. 


UPPER  COAL-MEASURES, 


107 


Sec.  i.  Kansas  City,  opposite  Fort  Scott  Freight  Depot.  Part 
of  No.  n,  and  Nos.  12,  13,  14  and  part  of  15  are  concealed  here, 
but  crop  out  a  few  hundred  feet  east.  No.  87  is  better  developed 
at  Kansas  City,  especially  on  the  hillside  near  the  Union  Depot 

Fig.  29.] 


(8*  OOLITIC    AND 
GRAY   UMC3TONE 


SECTION     AT     KANSAS     CITY 
OPPOSITE     rOUT    6COTT     FREIGHT     DEPOT 

and  below  the  town.  It  consists  of  18  feet  of  limestone,  of  which 
about  9  feet  is  beautifully  oolitic  ;  many  fossils  are  interspersed,  but 
they  sometimes  are  imperfect.  This  rock  works  freely,  and  is  du- 
rable. It  occurs  in  layers  of  two  and  three  feet.  A  few  fossils  are 
beautifully  crystallized  in  the  interior.  Its  chief  fossils  are,  Avicu- 
lopecten  occidentalis,  Avic.  providencis,  Eutolium  aviculatum,  Ma- 
crodon  tenuistriata,  Edmondia  reflexa,  Hemipronites  crassus,  Pleu- 
rotomaria  turbiniformis,  Retzia  punctulifera,  Athyris  subtilita, 
Terebratula  bovidens,  Sp.  Kentuckensis,  and  Synocladia  biserialis. 


io8 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


Fig.  30. 


0 

Ul 

W 

z 

UJ 

a 

»i 

SB, 

Slope, 
50  feet. 

50' 

03 

^V 

1 

Slope. 

I 

1 

33 

no 

3 

"7  7  1 

,  i 

lOv 

* 

I2E 

lwl 

Slope. 

fc 

16 

g& 

5 

s^^^ 

"i 

Slope. 
Terrace 

6 

72. 

Slope. 
Terrace. 

7 

Slope. 

*i 

,  -  1  ^  r   i  * 

,, 

P" 

.1   ,r,l     ,1   ,1-J-y 

""I 

SECTION  AT   PARK.VILLE 
PLATTECO. 


A  quarry  of  this  oolitic  lime- 
stone was  observed  about  half- 
way from  Kansas  City  to  Park- 
ville.  At  and  near  Parkville 
its  associated  strata  appear,  but 
the  oolitic  beds  were  not  recog- 
nized. 

No.  90.  This  division  of  our 
General  Section  is  not  often 
seen,  on  account  of  the  overly- 
ing debris  ;  it  is  well  developed 
at  Kansas  City,  in  the  bluffs 
opposite,  and  is  last  seen  a  short 
distance  above  Parkville.  Its 
most  characteristic  fossil  is  Cam- 
pop  hy  Hum  torquium,  which  is 
scarcely  recognized  in  any  other 
strata ;  it  also  contains  Pro- 
ductus  splendens  and  Crinoid 
stems. 

No.  96.  This  is  found  nearly 
everywhere  where  No.  90  is  seen, 
and  is  characterized  by  the  un- 
usually large  size  of  its  fossils, 
including  several  species  of  Pro- 
ductus  with  Spirifer  cameratus 
and  Hemipronites,  which  are 
comparatively  larger  in  this  par- 
ticular rock  than  we  elsewhere 
find  them. 

No.  100  abounds  in  large  fos- 
sils, similar  to  those  of  No.  96. 
It  is  an  evenly  stratified  lime- 
stone, strong  and  durable.  Be- 
tween Parkville  and  Waldron  it 
suddenly  thickens  up  and  is  sub- 
oolitic. 

The  Parkville  Sections  appear 
thus  : — Fig.  30. 


UPPER  COAL-MEASURES. 


I — 14  feet  gray  limestone  at  top,  abounding  in  univalves,  then 
a  few  feet  of  brittle  brown  limestone ;  then  a  few  feet  of 
gray  limestone,  abounding  in  fossils,  including  Prodnctus  Ne- 
brascensis,  P.  splendens,  Pr.  costatus,  Prod.  Prattenianus  var. 
Americanus,  Athyris  subtilita,  Chonetes  Verneuiliana,  Edrnondia 
Hawni,  Crinoid  spines  and  stems.  One-third  of  the  distance  from 
the  bottom  is  a  4-inch  chert  bed,  with  shaly  decomposing  limestone 
below.  At  the  bottom  is  generally  an  even  stratum  of  IO  inches, 
which  is  useful  for  building  purposes.  Other  fossils  contained  are 
Petalodus  destructor,  Macrocheilus  inhabilis,  Bellerophon,  Nati- 
copsis,  Murchisonia,  Orthoceras  cribrosum,  P.  punctatus,  Prod.  Sym- 
metricus,  Pinna  peracuta  and  Synocladia  biserialis.  (108  of  Gen. 
Sec.) 

2 — is  33  feet  slope. 

3 — IQI^  feet  of  coarse,  brownish-gray,  hard,  strong,  close-textured 
limestone,  containing  Prod.  Americanus  and  Spirifer  cameratus. 
(100  of  Gen.  Sec.) 

4 — 16  feet  slope. 

5 — n%  feet  of  limestone,  No.  98,  in  thin  irregular  layers,  with 
buff  shaly  partings,  and  abounding  in  Bryozoa. 

6  and  7  is  72  feet  slope  in  two  terraces. 

8 — includes  3  feet  limestone,  No.  90  ;  then  below  is  3  feet  shales, 
resting  on  105^  feet  of 


drab  silicious  lime- 
stone, in  even  fine- 
grained  layers  of  2  to 
6  inches  in  thickness, 
and  occasional  chert 
layers. 

West  of  Parkville  a 
half-mile,  we  have  the 
following  section  :  — 

(Fig- 3 1-) 

i — 12^  feet  lime- 
stone (No.  108). 

2 — 30  feet  slope. 

3 — outcrop  of  brown 
limestone  (No.  100). 


Fig. 


I.    N°-  108, 


N».  loo. 


SECTION  4- MILE   WEST  OF   PARKVIU-E 


4 — 31  feet  slope.     No  rocks  seen. 


IIO 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


5 — is  8  feet  of  limestone  in  thin  and  irregular  layers  (No.  98). 

The  limestone  (No.  88)  in  the  above  Section  is  the  top  rock  seen 
at  Kansas  City  and  Independence,  and  which  disappears  beneath 
the  horizon  just  below  Waldron.  Wherever  seen  it  is  a  gray  lime- 
stone in  thin  irregular  layers,  separated  by  thin  buff  shale  bands. 

Section  West  of  Brush  Creek,  Platte  County.     (See  Fig.  32.) 

35  feet  slope  from  hill-top. 

No.  2 — ii  feet  limestone.  No.  108.  Upper  part,  ash  gray; 
middle,  brown,  soft ;  lower  part  like  the  upper. 

3 — i  foot  coarse,  rough  calcareous  sandstone,  contains  Mya- 
lina  Kansasensis  and  Aviculopecten  accident  alls. 

4 — 5  feet  slope. 

5 — 2  feet  fossiliferous  calcareous  conglomerate. 

6 — 14  feet  slope  Z45°. 

7 — 21  feet  soft  buff  sandstone. 

Fig-  32. 


SECTION    WEST     Of    B  MJ  5  H    CR.EEK 
PLATTE    CO. 


UPPER  COAL-MEASURES. 


Ill 


Fig.  34- 


8  —  i  foot  hard  dark,  gray,  rippple-marked  sandstone. 

9  —  3  feet  shales. 

10  —  3  feet  limestone. 

11  —  31  feet  slope. 

12  —  9  feet  shales. 

13  —  8  feet  limestone  (No.  98  of  Gen.  Sec.).         £> 

14  —  30  feet  to  bottoms,  4  feet  below  railroad. 
Three-quarters  of  a  mile  above  the  last  sec- 

tion, No.  100  crops  out  in  one  thick  bed  of  8 
feet  at  27  feet  above  the  railroad  ;  it  is  a  little 
ferruginous,  quite  hard  and  oolitic.  In  one 
place  it  is  cross-laminated  for  a  foot  and  a  half 
near  the  base,  the  laminae  resting  at  an  angle 
with  the  horizontal  surface,  of  about  30°  ;  at 
another  place  is  an  intercalation  of  a  few  feet 
abounding  in  fossils,  principally  Prodnctus  Ne- 
brascensis,  Prod.  Prattenianus,  Bryozoa  and  a 

Goniatite. 
Section  5,  one  mile  below 

Waldron,  is  as  follows  :  —  Fig. 

33- 

1  —  40  feet  slope. 

2  —  10  feet  sandstone. 

3  —  2  feet  hard  sandstone. 

4  —  6  feet  buff  limestone,  in 
one     thick    bed,     is    weather 
cracked  (No.  113). 

5  —  19  feet  slope. 

6—17  feet  Plattsburgh  lime- 
stone (No.  1  08). 

7  —  34  feet  slope. 

8  —  60  feet  slope,  some  sand- 
stone near  upper  part. 

9  —  13  feet  limestone,  corres- 
ponds to  No.  98. 

The  structure  of  the  Platts- 
burgh limestone  (No.  6  of  above 

c       ^       \   •         •  T-- 

Section)  is  given  in  Fig.  34. 
A   little    further   the   sandy 


~7 


J 


Fig-  33- 


L.ME  STONE 
PLATTCCO. 


z 
w 

0 
•• 
27 

wo' 

! 

1 

'  '  »V  '  .  '•  •  '  rf 

10' 

>.*  '•   s'     ".      '    •" 

»  •  •••.  •  •  '..'••• 

,v 

•j&-f*mx?<tz 

I 
0r 

I91 

113 

i». 

'5    •  • 

5 

JOS 

6 

Jj^i-V^^i: 

asjciss: 

b-^F^S^Z^ 

17* 

Hf-^PPrS 

v  V'/  '.V; 

7 

31+' 
60' 

3 

*'•''  *-v/ 

9S 

9 

13* 

SECTION  5 

ONE    MILE 
D.TLOW  YVA1.DR.OW 

112  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

band  at  base  of  No.  108,  was  observed  2  feet  in  thickness,  very 
hard  and  firm,  and  abounding  in  small  univalves  and  a  few 
Acephala,  including  Solenomya,  Avictdopecten  Occident alis,  &c. 

At  Waldron  we  have  : 

i — 52  feet  slope,  about  35°  near  hill-top,  becoming  steeper 
below. 

2 — 16  feet  sandstone. 

3 — i  foot  of  conglomerate. 

4 — ii  feet  limestone,  containing  Fusulina. 

5 — Shales. 

6 — 32  feet  slope. 

7 — 8  feet  of  limestone  (No.  108)  abounding  in  fpssils,  including 
Bryozoans,  Chcetetes  ?  Athyris,  Myalina  subquadrata,  Pinna  pera- 
cuta,  Aviculopecten  occidentalis ,  Edmondia  unioniformis ,  Avic.  pro- 
videncis,  P.  costatus,  Prod,  punctatus,  P.  Prattenianns,  Spirifer  Ken- 
tuckensis,  P.  Nebrascensis,  Meekella  striato-costata,  Macrodon  tenu- 
istriata,  Fistulipora  nodulifera  and  spines  of  Arch&ocidaris.  The 
lower  strata  are  heavy,  and  brownish  gray ;  the  brown  seams  are 
pulverulent,  the  gray  crystalline,  and  afford  a  good  building  material. 

At  Samuel  Morrow's,  two  miles  above  Waldron,  No.  100 
crops  out  about  10  feet  above  the  railroad,  and  8  feet  in  thickness. 
It  is  hard,  coarse  deep  grayish  brown,  contains  Prod,  punctatus,  and 
Prod.  Nebrascensis ;  the  fossils  are  in  a  narrow  lighter  colored  band 
near  the  middle.  Nos.  108  and  112  appear  higher  in  the  bluffs. 

Up  a  small  branch,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  bluffs,  the  whole 
of  No.  108  is  seen  to  be  18  feet  in  thickness  (Fig.  35). 

The  i  y2  foot  bed  near  the  lower  part  of  this  Section  abounds  in 
many  fine  fossils,  including  Pletirotomaria  turbiniformis  /  Macro- 
cheilus,  Poly phemop  sis  ^  Monoptera,  Pinna  peracuta,  Myalina  sub- 
quadrata,  Eutolium  aviculatum,  Allorisma,  Myalina  Swallovi, 
and  glabella  of  Phillipsia  major. 

This  limestone  is  well  developed  near  Plattsburgh,  in  Clinton 
County,  and  has  been  called  "  Plattsburgh  limestone." 

One  mile  below  Platte  River  Ferry  and  three-quarters  of 
a  mile  up  a  small  branch  observed  as  follows : — 

Section  8 — No.  2  is  8  feet  of  roughly  bedded  shelly  buff  limestone. 
(No.  112  of  Gen.  Sec.) 

3 — 5  feet  slope. 

4 — 3   feet  limestone  in  two  beds,  the  upper,  2  feet    thick,  the 


UPPER  COAL-MEASURES. 


lower,  i  foot  thick;  color  blue,  weathering  brown.  Abounds 
in  univalves.  Its  chief  fossils  are,  Athyris  subtilita,  Hemipronites 
crassus,  Orthis  carbonaria,  Macrodon,  Chonetes,  Meekella  striato-cos- 
tata,  Syntrilasma  hemiplicata,  Spirifer  (Martinid)  lineatus,  Myali~ 
na  S2ibquadrata,  a  small  Pleurotomaria,  Loxonema,  Synocladia 
biserialis  and  other  Bryozoans  (No.  no). 
No.  5 — 4  feet  shales  (No.  109). 

Fig-  35- 


73T7 


,     No.   i. — 6  feet  limestone,  broken  in  strata,  brown  near  top. 


2 — 3  feet  coarse  tough  brownish  ash-gray  limestone. 


3 — i  o  inches  shelly  ash- blue  limestone. 

4 — 2  inches  chert  bed. 

5 — 6  inches  bluish  ash-gray  limestone. 

6 — 2  feet  shaly  decomposing  limestone. 

7 — ii  inches  bluish  gray  limestone. 

8 — 6  inches  mottled  blue  and  olive  clay  shales. 

9 — 6  inches  brown  calcareous  shales. 
10 — 7  inches  limestone. 
II — 2  inches  brown  clay. 

12 — 1|  feet  limestone ;  abounds  in  fossils. 

13 — 8  inches  clay  shales. 
14 — 6  inches  limestone. 

15 — 2  feet  shales. 


SECTION  7 

PLATTt  CO 


114 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI, 


Up  an  eastern  fork  of  the  branch  on  which  last  Section  was  made 
we  observed 

i — 15  feet  thinly  stratified  buff  sandstone. 

2 — 10  inches  shaly  coal,  containing  Cordaites. 

3 — 4  feet  fire-clay  and  shales. 

4 — 15  feet  sandstone. 

5 — 13/4  feet  shelly  limestone  (112  of  Gen.  Sec.) 

6 — 3  feet  3  inches  shales,  with  8  inches  of  bituminous  shale  near 
the  middle. 

7 — 4  feet  limestone  (i  10  of  Gen.  Sec.) 

Fig.  36. 


SECTION      IO    . 

NEAR.    FAR.LEY   ,  PLATTE    COUNTY 

Section  10.    (See  Fig.  36.) 
No.  i — Slope. 
2 — ii  feet  limestone  (112). 
3 — 7  feet  shaly  slope. 
4 — 14  inches  limestone  (no). 
5 — 19  feet  shales. 

6 — 9   feet   limestone    (No.    108).      Contains    Retzia,  Productus 
Prattenianus,  Productus  symmetricus  and  Edmondia. 


UPPER  COAL-MEASURES. 


7 — 12  feet  slope. 

8—  i  foot  brown  sandstone. 

9 — 2  inches  sandstone  conglomerate. 

l°~~3/4  feet  shales. 

1 1 — 12  feet  slope  to  Mo.  bottoms. 

One  mile  further,  No.  108,  is  at 
level  of  river  bottoms,  and  three- 
quarters  of  a  mile  further  is  the  fol- 
lowing Section: — (See  Fig.  37.) 

12*4  feet  limestone  (No.  112). 

3  feet  4  inches  shales,  I  foot  bitu- 
minous in  the  middle,  blue  clay  at 
top  and  bottom. 

3  feet  limestone  (No.  no). 

Blue  and  green  sandy  shales,  10 
feet  slope  to  Missouri  bottoms. 

Fifty  feet  up  the  branch  from  the 
last,  water  passes  over  No.  no  with 
No.  1 12  on  the  bluff  at  the  side  of  the 
branch  above  as  in  the  annexed 
sketch  (Fig.  38). 


Fig.  37- 


ONE  MILE  ABOVf   FARLEY,  Pi  ATT£  CO 

Fig-  39- 


Fig.  38. 


CALCAMOUS 
CONCLOMEKATI 


ONE  MILE  ABOVE:   FAR.LCY 
co  . 


surf 


fAlU.EY.PLATTECO. 


SECTION 


1 1 6  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

Half  a  mile  further  is  a  similar  waterfall,  and  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
beyond  our  rocks  appear  to  have  changed  somewhat  and  are  as 
shown  in  Fig.  39. 

In  going  westward  along  the  bluffs  we  find  these  beds  rising 
gradually,  and  one  mile  further,  No.  112  is  19  feet  above  the  bot- 
toms. Lenticular  concretions  of  iron  carbonate  are  found  along 
the  slope,  probably  originating  from  the  shale  beds  just  above. 

The  accompanying  sketch,  Fig.  40,  was  taken  opposite  Beverly. 


Fig.  40. 


Bluff 
clays. 


SECTION    12  . 
OPPOSITE     BEVER-LEY  ,  PLATTE    CO. 

41  feet  slope  from  hill-top. 

12^  feet  ash-gray  limestone,  lower  part  dove-colored  and  shaly  ; 
contains  Spiriferina  Kentuckensis ,  Athyris  subtilita,  Plenrotoma- 
ria,  and  Hemip.  crassus. 

Slope  62  feet ;  angle  30°. 

5  feet  limestone. 

16  feet  slope  to  the  Missouri  bottoms. 

Fig.  41  was  sketched  below  Weston. 

i — 25  feet  bluff,  angle  of  slope  40°. 

2 — 15  feet  perpendicular  escarpment  of  No.  121. 

3 — 50  feet  slope,  angle  35°. 


UPPER  COAL-MEASURES. 

4 — 23  feet  dark  drab  shales. 

5 — 3  feet  arenaceous  calcareous  bed  with  fossils  (115). 

6 — 10  inches  shales. 

7 — 3^  feet  buff  limestone  (113). 

8 — 12^  feet  limestone  (No.  112). 

Fig.  41. 


117 


SECT  ION      IS   . 
WPSTON  ,   M.ATTE    CO. 

9 — 25^  feet  shales. 

10  —  i  foot  bituminous  shales. 

II — 2  feet  clay  shales. 

12 — 3  feet  limestone  (No.  no). 

No.  5  (115  of  Gen.  Sec.)  contains  Myalina  subquadrata,  Hemi- 
pronites  crassus,  Chonetes  Verneuiliana,  Productus  Prattenianus 
Bryozoa,  Crinoid  stems  and  a  dark  winding  fucoid. 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


Fig.  42. 


No.  112  is  bluish  gray,  containing  Fusulina  cylindrica,  Arcliczo- 
cidaris,  Prod,  splcndens,  Spiriferina  Kentuckensis. 

The  section  just  above  Weston  is  as  fol- 
lows : — Fig.  42. 

i — 33  feet  marly  clays  of  bluff  or  loess. 

2 — 36  feet  drift. 

3 — 15  feet  of  drab  shales  (No.  125), 
abounding  in  fossils  near  the  upper  part 
(No.  126),  including  Belleropli.  percarina- 
tus,  B.  Montfortiana,  B.  Kansascnsis,  B. 
CarbonarinSy  Macrocheilus  ventricosus, 
Naticopsis,  Pleurotomaria,  Loxonema  (2 
Sp.)  Orthoceras  cribrosum,  Astartella  vera, 
Nuciilana  bellistriata,  Leda  Owenii  ?  My- 
alina  subquadrata,  and  LopJwpkyllum  pro- 
liferum.  A  calcareo-ferruginous  bed  oc- 
curs a  little  above  this  fossil  bed,  which 
also  contains  some  fine  fossils,  including 
Pleurotomaria  sphcerulata  and  Prod,  splcn- 
dens. 

4 — 8  inches  dark  sandstone. 

5 — 10  inches  black  shale  with  coal  plants 
and  thin  laminae  of  coal. 

6 — 5  feet  drab  shales. 

7 — iQi^  feet  limestone  (i 2 1),  gray,  shelly, 
contains  very  few  fossils. 

8 — 62  feet  shaly  slope — probably  all 
shale. 

9 — \y2    feet    of    calcareous    sandstone 

(n5).   ' 

10 — 5  feet  shales. 

1 1 — 5  feet  of  limestone  (i  12)  to  the  grade 
of  the  railroad.  The  limestone  strata, 
Nos.  121  and  112,  very  much  resemble 
each  other,  are  both  gray,  occasionally 
buff  or  bluish-gray ;  in  their  irregular  shelly  layers  breaking  in 
small  angular  fragments  ;  by  comparison  of  their  contiguous  rocks 
they  can  be  easily  distinguished.  In  Sections  12,  13  and  17,  both 
strata  are  exposed. 


1 

1 

33 

a 

.   C"  ~~ 
^   «  *    -        * 

sC^Jji 

i-=^3p:ji 
»  ^e>  ^s> 

i 
36 

\S 

3 

,  _  —  , 

1  

£; 

i 

l.i  .1  ,14. 

*r 

s 

Ill 

7 

.,1     ,1.1     .  J-r 
1      1          I         1       I 

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61* 
J.5 

s' 

1          1        1       1 

LL* 

112 

8 
<T 

ji 
i 

SECTION    17 

ABOVE    WESTON 
PLA  TT  E    CO. 

UPPER  COAL-MEASURES. 


119 


The  following  (Sec.  19),  Fig.  43,  is  appearance  of  Section  3  miles 
above  Weston  : — 

i  —  57  feet  drift,  containing  boulders  of 
granite,  quartzite,  greenstone,  limestone  of 
coal-measures,  &c. 

2 — 7  feet  limestone  (150),  color  ash  gray, 
with  some  chert  in  upper  part  :  contains 
Fusulina  cylindrica,  Syntrilasma  hemiplicata 
and  Prod,  splendens. 

3 — 23  feet  slope. 

4 — 5X  feet  ferruginous  limestone  (143). 

5 — I7/^  feet  shaly  slope. 

6 — 7  feet  red  shales  (No.  139). 

7 — 37  feet  of  sandy  shales  ;  contains  some 
ochrey  concretions. 

8 — Coal  concealed  near  the  top,  and  below 
is  83  feet  of  slope — 35°  to  45°;  occasional 
flags  of  sandstone  and  shales  are  seen,  together 
with  some  Septaria.  The  lower  40  feet  is 
shale. 

9 — 52  feet  to  terrace,  35°  slope. 

10 — i  foot  shaly  coal-smut  (123). 

ii — \yz  feet  black  and  blue  laminated 
shales. 

12 — \£>y2  feet  shales  (122). 

13 — 10  feet  slope  to  railroad.  Limestone 
C 121)  is  probably  concealed  here. 

The  limestone  No.  121  appears  to  be  near- 
ly horizontal  and  at  same  elevation  for  i  ^£ 
miles  above  Weston.  A  half-mile  above 
Bear  Creek  it  is  67^  feet  above  the  bottoms  ;  sl°Pe- 
at  Sec.  19  not  over  10  feet  above  ;  a  quarter 
of  a  mile  further  it  is  20  feet  above  ;  at  Jatan 
only  the  upper  half  is  exposed  and  \]/2  miles 
above  it  dips  beneath  the  horizon. 

One  and  a  half  miles  above  Jatan  we  meas- 
ured the  bluffs  and  found  them  335  feet  high, 
with  the  following  Sec.  No.  21,  Fig.  44.  No. 
2  here  consists  of  3  feet  even-bedded  lime- 


Fig.  43- 

NO.    GEN.    SEC. 

1 

^ 

f 
57* 

.—  r- 

ISO 

2 

'^Lf^^j 

7 

3 

23' 

jjj 

<*• 

'  ^.T''.'  ^*i  *,  ^ 

5^ 

5 

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39 

6 

7 
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O    -ag..    "-S*-* 

***  **''"?_ 

ft 

w 

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.  ..  .  ~^r 

• 

9 

52  ' 
'i!  . 

IS 

/2 

10 

5 

SECTION  19 

PLATTECO. 

I2O 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


Fig.  44. 

NO.  GEN.  SEC. 

ANCIENT 

MOUNDS 

ON  TOP 

1 

IZ 

$ 

i 

/7 

131 

.•'f 
J.. 

161 

a' 

B 

2 

^>_,tr_i-K 

ISO 

»f 

is^Cjztii 

uXC3Z2 

foSCQ 

5 

f, 

7 

1)21 

8 

T^Vt£ 

9 

LEVtl. 

&' 

]fO.  BOTTOM 

SECTION  21. 

PtATTE    CO. 

stone,  gray  and  silicious  containing  Fusulina 
and  Myalina  (i52)- 

No.  3  is  three  feet  of  shales. 

No.  4 — 17  feet  of  ash  gray,  irregularly  bed- 
ded limestone,  containing  Chonetes granulife- 
ra,  Productus  Nebrascensis,  Pinna  peracuta, 

Allorisma ,  Bellcrophon  Montfortianus, 

Fusulina  cylindrica.  This  limestone  also 
contains  concretions  of  blue  chert  (No. 
150). 

No.  6  is  one  foot  of  limestone. 

No.  8 — 8  feet  of  limestone  (No.  121). 

No.  9 — 8  feet  to  Missouri  bottoms. 

No.  4  of  this  Sec.  (No.  150  of  Gen.  Sec.) 
was  first  observed  3  miles  above  Weston, 
and  again  high  in  the  bluffs  above  Jatan  and 
northwardly  and  westwardly ;  it  is  exten- 
sively quarried  in  the  hills  north  of  St. 
Joseph,  is  the  highest  rock  seen  at  Ama- 
zonia, is  well  developed  just  above  and  on 
the  railroad  west  of  the  mouth  of  Noda- 
way  river  and  dips  beneath  the  Missouri 
one  mile  above.  It  crops  out  in  the  hills 
of  One  Hundred  and  Two  river  and  its 
branches  near  Savannah,  on  Niagara  Creek, 
Andrew  County,  and  Island  Branch  in 
Gentry  County.  The  layers  are  not  often 
over  6  inches  thick — but  some  near  the  lower 
part  are  2  feet  in  thickness.  They  are  near- 
ly always  separated  by  partings  of  buff 
shales.  It  is  easily  recognized  both  from  its 
fossils,  irregular  thickness  of  beds  and  per- 
sistent concretionary  chert  layers.  Some 
portions  are  said  to  make  good  hydraulic 
cement. 

No.  152  lies  just  above  the  last,  separated 
by  only  a  few  feet  of  shales,  and  occurs  in 
very  even  layers  ;  the  color  is  dark  bluish 
gray,  weathering  drab.  It  abounds  in  Fusu- 


UPPER  COAL-MEASURES. 


121 


Fig.  45- 


Una  cylindrica,  and  generally  has  a  one  to  two  inch  deposit  of 
carbonate  of  iron  and  lime  resting  on  the  upper  surface.  Below 
Block's  Mill  a  similar  layer  occurs  beneath  the  limestone.  This 
limestone  is  found  at  most  places  where  No.  150  occurs.  Near  the 
Platte  and  Buchanan  county  line  it  is  only  about  3  feet  thick  ;  at 
Lander's  quarry  it  is  8  to  9  feet,  and  at  a  quarry  west  of  Amazonia 
14  feet.  It  is  often  cross  laminated.  It  affords  good  strong  and 
durable  rock  for  building.  Lamella  branchiata  seem  to  be  the 
most  abundant  class  of  fossils  found.  The  species 
observed  were  2  of  Myalina,  a  Monoptera  and  an 
A  viculopecten . 

Near  County  line  of  Platte  and  Buchanan 
we  have  in  Sec.  22  the  following  : — Fig.  45 . 

No.  2  is  4  feet  slope,  on  which  are  tumbled 
masses  of  limestone  corresponding  to  No.  152, 
containing  Myalina  Swallovi,  Avicnlopecten  occi- 
dentalis,  Hcmipronites  crassus,  Bellerophon  and 
Fusulina  cylindrica.  The  limestone  is  sometimes 
oolitic. 

No.  3  is  35  feet  of  limestone  in  irregular  beds, 
separated  by  buff  shaly  partings,  and  with  occa- 
sionally blue  chert  in  lenticular  forms.  On  the 
top  it  abounds  in  Fusulina  cylindrica,  and  also 
contains  Bellerophon,  Chcetetes?  Athyris  sub  t  Hit  a, 
Productus  Prattenianus,  Prod.  Nebrascensis,  P. 
costatus,  Syntrilasma  hemip'licata  and  Allorisma 
regular  is. 

No.  4  is  5  f£et  blue  and  bituminous  shales. 

5 — 36  feet  slope. 

6 — Fragments  of  brown  conglomerate. 

8 — 3  feet  clay  shales, — olive-colored. 

9 — 8  inches  bituminous  coal. 

10 — i  foot  clay. 

Near  the  south-east  corner  of  Buchanan  County,  at  Tank,  oppo- 
site Sugar  Creek  Lake,  we  made  Sec.  26,  Fig.  46. 

On  No.  I  are  fragments  of  buff  limestone  containing  Fusulina. 

2 — Is  1 8  feet  of  thinly  stratified  hard  buff  and  gray  sandstone. 

3 — Is  17  feet  of  rough  irregularly  bedded  limestone;  has  some 
black  chert  (No.  150). 


1 

60' 

152 

2 

i^da^f^^ 

1 

^  I      lr     fc     i1 

35 

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znjQ  • 

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i   \    / 

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A 

36* 

5 
6 

Josj-; 

7 

ll' 
,,:-> 

3S 

r-rrr^ 

E 
a£ 

ii 

GRADE  o* 

RAILROAD 
SECTION  21 
PLATT  ECO. 

122 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


Fig.  46. 


SECTION  26. 

BUCHANAN  co . 


Fig-  47- 


4 — 75  feet  slope,  with  red  shales  about  five  feet 
from  bottom. 

5 — 41  feet  sandy  shales. 

6 — 2  feet  dark-colored,  evenly  bedded  ferrugi- 
nous limestone,  rough  fracture,  weathers  red, 
upper  and  lower  bed  9  inches  thick,  with  a  shale 
band  beneath  the  upper  layer  (128). 

7 — 15  feet  slope  to  railroad. 

Near  the  upper  end  of  Sugar  Creek  Lake  we 
made  Sec.  27. 

No.  i — Top  slope. 

2 — 1 8^  feet  of  limestone 
(No.  150). 

3 — 77  feet  shaly  slope. 

4 — Outcrop  of  coal. 

5 — 40  feet  to  railroad. 

In  the  Missouri  bluffs,  2 
miles  above  Rushville,  No. 
150  is  122  feet  above  the  rail- 
road. It  presents  here  about 
the  same  characteristics  as  at 
other  places,  occurring  in  ir- 
regular layers  of  buff,  brown 
and  gray  limestone,  from  4  to 
6  inches  thick,  separated  by 
buff  shaly  partings. 


From  the  north  line  of  Platte  County  to  the 
county  line  of  Andrew  there  are  but  few  expo- 
sures of  rock  low  in  the  hills,  but  Nos.  143  and 
150,  and  occasionally  152,  are  seen  a  hundred 
feet  or  more  above  the  base. 

No.  128  was  only  positively  recognized  near 
St.  Joseph.  The  following  Section  was  taken 
2^4  miles  below  St.  Joseph  : — (Sec.  31,  Fig.  47.) 

No.  i — 72  feet  bluff. 

2 — 6  feet  sandy  shales. 

3 — 5  feet  ferruginous  limestone. 

4 — 53  feet  slope. 

5 — 5  feet  shales. 


1 

r 

5 

S3* 

S 

2 

:!===3=Ei^ 

3 

\  '  '^L'i- 

14. 

5 

S^.J^SHJ 

6 

--=^=^^. 

128 

7 

-"i  <-\  *-rsj 

SECTION  31 

BUCHANAN   CO  . 

UPPER  COAL-MEASURES. 


123 


7Z 


19 


6 — 5  feet  red  and  green  shales.  Fig.  48. 

7 — 4  feet  even-bedded  bluish  gray  limestone,  g 
containing  Spirifer  cameratus  and  AtJiyris  sub-  z' 
tilita  (No.  128).  o 

The  section  at  King's  hill,  Fig.  48,  below  St. 
Joseph,  is  : — 

No.    i — 72  feet,  marly  clays  of  bluff. 

2 — 8  feet  sand. 

3 — 2  feet  white  calcareous  concretionary 
bed. 

4 — 7  feet  limestone  irregularly  bedded, 
abounds  in  Fusulina,  also  contains  Retzia  punc- 
tulifera,  Orthis  carbonarius,  Crinoid  stems,  blue 
chert  concretions  and  calcite  specks  (150  of 
Gen.  Sec.). 

5 — 19  feet  slope. 

6 — 5  feet  shales. 

7 — 7  feet  dark  brown  limestone  (No.  143), 
upper  2  feet  shaly,  light  drab  ;  next  below  is  a 
thick  bed,  quite  ferruginous.  Contains  very 
few  fossils  ;  those  seen  were  Aviculopecten  occi- 
dentalis,  C/ionetes,  Hemipronites  crassus,  Pro- 
ductus  splendens  and  Fusulina  cylindrica. 

8 — 35  feet  slope.  On  the  lower  part  were 
observed  tumbled  masses  of  sandstone  with 
remains  of  plants  probably  Lepidostrobus  and  a 
flaglike  leaf. 

9—8  feet  shales  ;    lower,  2  feet  green,  with 

1  y%  feet  of  red  overlying. 

10 — 7  feet  ferruginous  limestone  (137),  upper 

2  feet  shelly  with   crust  of  iron  oxide.      Has 
very  few  fossils. 

1 1 — 48  feet  slope  ;  some  ironstone  concre- 
tions in  the  lower  shales. 

12 — Outcrop  of  shaly   limestone   abounding 
in  fossils,  including  Nucttlina  bellistriata,  As-    &ECTION3f. 
tartella  vera,  Myalina  subquadrata,  Hemipro-  BELOW  ST  JOSEPH 
nites  crassus,  Bellerophon  Kansasensis,  &c. 

13 — 5  feet  shaly  slope. 


124 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


Fig.  49.  !4 — jo  feet  red  and 

green  clay  shales ;  4  to 
4^  feet  red  shales  at 
the  top ;  at  the  bottom 
are  4  feet  of  green  ochrey 
shales ;  occasional  thin 
bands  of  yellow  ochre  con- 
cretions and  streaks  of 
yellow  ochre  occur  in 
shales. 

1 5 — 4  feet  limestone 
(No.  128). 

1 6 — 80  feet  shales  ;  has 
streaks  of  yellow  ochre  ; 
lower  part  sandy. 

One  and  a  half  miles 
above  St.  Joseph,  No.  137 
projects  from  the  bluffs  10 
feet  in  thickness,  in  one 
bed,  at  92  feet  above  the 
railroad,  which  winds 
along  the  base  of  the  bluffs. 
At  this  place  it  is  gray, 
slightly  ferruginous,  and 
breaks  into  small  angular 
fragments. 

Three  Miles  above  St.  Joseph. 

SECTION  36.     (See  Fig.  49.) 

No.  i — 8  feet  thick  bed  of  limestone  (No. 

137). 

2 — 70  feet  slope. 

3 — Outcrop  of  shelly  limestone  abounding 
in  fossils  (132). 

4 — 1 8  feet  shaly  slope. 

5 — 2  feet  shales. 

6 — 3  feet  4  inches  jointed  limestone  (No. 
128). 

At  Zimmerman's  Quarry,  i  y2  miles  west 
of  Amazonia  (See  Fig.  50),  Nos.  150  and 


Fig.  50. 


to 
z 

Ul 

C3 
o- 

z 

8* 
70' 

.8' 
"i1 

137 

1 

^Ldi 

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'32 

3 

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A 

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SECTION  36. 
BUCHANAN  co  . 

O* 


'S. 
N 


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Z 

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UJ 

RAILROAC 

UPPER  COAL-MEASURES.  125 

152  are  both  well  exposed.  Certain  layers  of  the  first  have  been 
used  successfully  in  making  hydraulic  cement,  and  the  latter  for 
bridge  masonry  on  the  K.  C.  St.  Jo.  &  C.  B.  R.  R.  Our  descrip- 
tive section  is — ist  top  slope  overlying, 

No.  2 — 141^  feet  of  oolitic  limestone  with  splintery  fracture. 
Beds  rest  directly  on  each  other  without  any  shale  partings.  Fos- 
sils are,  Schizodus,  Monoptera,  Myalina  Swallovi,  Macrodon,  Spi- 
rifer  earner  atus,  Lingula  and  Fusulina. 

No.  3 — 2  feet  shales. 

4A  is  2  feet  blue  and  brown  limestone. 

4B — 2  feet  blue  and  brown  shelly;  abounds  in  Productus  Ne- 
brascensis. 

38 — 5  upper  3  inches  blue,  below  2  inches  shaly  limestone. 

$C — 16  inches  brown  and  blue  limestone. 

5D — 2)4  feet   limestone  ;  abounds  in  Fusulina. 

5E — i   foot  brown  with  Fusulina. 


SECTION     37    AT    AMAZONIA 

ANDREW     CO    . 

Limestone,  No.  150. 
43  feet  slope. 
2  feet  nodular  limestone. 
7  feet  gray  limestone,  137. 
42  feet  shales,  No.  136. 


1 26  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-  WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

6F — 2y2  feet  alternations  brown  and  blue  chert,  concretions  near 
middle ;  contains  Fusulina,  Ch&tetes,  and  coral, 

6G — ij^  feet  mostly  brown,  with  coral,  Fusulina,  &c. 

Fossils  in  No.  4  are  generally  replaced  by  clear  crystals  of  car- 
bonate of  lime,  var.  "dogtooth"  Spar.  Its  fossils  include  Crinoid 
in  scalenohedra  stems,  Prod.  Pratt  enianus,  Sp.  cameratus,  Hemi- 
pronites,  Athyris,  Fistulipora,  Ckonetes. 

No.  5  includes  numerous  specimens  of  Rhombopora,  Fistuli- 
pora, Bryozoa,  Monoptera,  Productus  Prattenianus,  P.  Nebrascensis, 
Spirifer  Kentuckensis,  Allorisma  -  — ,  Sp.  earner  at  us,  P. 

The  limestones  are  generally  blue  and  the  fossils  white,  giving  a 
pleasing  contrast.  We  collected  some  fine  specimens  showing 
Fusulina  cylindrica  standing  in  relief  on  a  dark  surface. 

No.  137  is  last  seen  here. 

A  little  East  of  Nodaway  River  is  Sec.  47. 

No.  i  is  ancient  mounds  on  top. 

3 — 1 1  feet  gray  limestone  in  thin  irregular  beds,  contains  Athy- 
ris and  a  coral  (No.  186). 

4 — 130  feet  slope. 

5 — 2  feet  brown  limestone. 

7 — 2  feet  ash-blue  shelly  limestone. 

9 — 12  feet  limestone,  No.  150. 

10 — 3  feet  shales,  chocolate-colored,  sandy. 

1 1 — 2  feet  dark-brown  and  black  shales. 

12 — 2  feet  limestone  in  four  thin  and  irregular  beds. 

13 — 4  feet  blue  shales  to  water  in  Nodaway  river. 

One  Mile  West  of  Nodaway  River  No.  150  sinks  beneath  the 
Missouri. 

Sec.  49  was  taken  at  the  latter  place  and  is  as  follows  : — (See 
Fig.  52.) 

No.  I — Slope  of  25  feet  from  the  hill-top — no  rocks  seen.  Mound 
on  top. 

2 — 3  feet  irregularly  bedded  buff  and  gray  mottled  limestone 
(i  86). 

3 — 21  feet  slope — outcrop  of  soft  buff  limestone,  with  brown 
ochrey  concretionary  spots  and  streaks  (182). 

5 — Is  31  feet  slope,  outcrop  of  buff  and  drab  limestone  at  the 
lower  part. 

7 — 52  feet  slope. 


UPPER  COAL-MEASURES. 


127 


8 — 4^2    inches   of   nodular    decomposing  Fig-  52- 

soft  drab  limestone ;  contains  AtJiyris  subti-  S 

lit  a  (large  var.)  and  BelleropJwn.  z 

9—5^  feet  shales. 

10 — \y2  feet  of  drab  limestone  abounding 
in  Fusulina. 

II — Outcrop  of  brown  decomposing  lime- 
stone (166). 

12 — 15  feet  shaly  slope. 

13 — Outcrop  of  brown  shaly  limestone. 

14 — 5  feet  slope. 

!5 — J/-2  feet  of  dark  olive-colored  lime- 
stone, somewhat  brown  tinged  (160). 

16 — 23  feet  slope. 

17 — 6  inches  shaly  dark  bluish  ash  lime- 
stone. 

1 8 — I  foot  greenish  drab  limestone,  with 
dark  calc-spar  lines. 

19 — 5/4  feet  shales  (153). 

20 — 3  feet  coarse,  tough,  hard,  dark  ash- 
gray  limestone  (152). 

21 — 2  feet  to  railroad  grade,  and  150  feet 
west  base.  No.  20  is  at  grade. 

22 — 12  feet  shaly  slope. 

23 — 9  feet  limestone  (No.  152)  to  water  in 
the  Missouri  river. 

Three-quarters  of  a  mile  west,  No.  17  of 
above  Sec.  (154  of  Gen.  Sec.)  is  near  the 
railroad  grade  and  rises  and  falls  above  and 
below  the  grade  for  about  a  mile,  when  it  is 
last  seen.  Nearing  Forbes,  No.  160  (15  of 
Sec.  49)  appears  at  15  feet  above  the  rail- 
road. 

Sec.  50  (See  Fig.  53) — No.  I — 10  inches 
ash-blue    limestone,     upper    part   weathers 
brown  ;  contains  Allorisma  and  Productus  ~ 
Prattenianus. 

2 — 3  feet  yellow  shales,  full  of  Fusulina. 

3—8  feet  irregularly  bedded  ash-gray  and  buff  limestone,  with 


1 

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SECTION    **-9 
HOLT  DO. 

128 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


buff  shaly  partings.  Contains  Fusulina,  Lophophyllum,  Athyris, 
Syntrilasma,  Retzia  punctilifera,  Spirifer  earner atus,  Sp.  Ken- 
tuckensis,  Fistulipora. 

4 — 4  feet  8  inches  shaly  slope,  angle  45°. 

Fig.  53- 


SECTION     SO    AT    FORBES, 
HOLT    CO 

5 — 16  inches  even-bedded  limestone,  grayish  drab,  with  calc-spar 
specks. 

6 — 9  feet  slope,  angle  50°. 

7 — 4  feet  brown  limestone. 

8 — i  foot  soft  brown  limestone. 

9 — 50  feet  slope. 

Rocks  of  the  last  section  are  occasionally  seen  to  within  one  mile 
of  Forest  City,  where  they  give  place  to  a  higher  group. 

Sec.  52,  at  John  Pollock's,  4  miles  below  Forest  City,  appears 
thus  : — (See  Fig.  54.) 

No.  i — Bluff  formation. 

2 — 51^  feet  nodular  limestone,  contains  Chonetes  and  Athyris 
subtilita  (No.  210). 

3 — i    foot  dark  ash-blue  limestone  ;    abounds   in   Hemipronitcs 


UPPER  COAL-MEASURES. 


129 


crassus,  Athyris  subtilita,  Productus  Nebrascensis  and  Myalina  sub- 


quadrat  a  (206). 

4—6  feet  green  shales,  with  lime- 
stone nodules  (200). 

5 — \Q>y2  inches  brown  limestone  ; 
contains  Productus  Nebrascensis,  Prod. 
Prattenianus,  Athyris,  Nautilus  occi- 
dentalis,  Archceocidaris  and  a  small 
Allorisma.  (199). 

6 — 3  feet  shales. 

7 — 2  feet  brown  limestone  ;  resembles 

No.  5. 

—12  feet  shales  and  sandstone  (193 
and  195). 

9 — i  foot  limestone  (192). 

10 — \o>y2  feet  slope. 

ii — i  foot  limestone  and  shales.    187. 

12 — H  inches  limestone. 

T3 — 13  feet  4  inches  irregular-bedded 
limestone,  contains  Allorisma  granosa, 
Syntrilasma,  Athyris  and  Lophophyl- 
lum.  1 86  of  Gen.  Sec. 

H— 3X  feet  shales. 

15—5  inches  even  bed  of  limestone. 

16—20  inches  even  bed  of  ash-colored 
limestone  with  minute  calc-spar  specks 
184. 
We    now   add   our   section  of  rocks 


.  54- 


RAILROAD 


( 
F* 


SECTION  52. 
AT  JOHN    POLLOCK'S 
HOLT  CO, 


seen  near  Forest  City.     We  find  the  rocks  here  covered  by  a  deep 

f  deposit,  below  which  are  seen— (See  Fig.  55.) 
220-1  foot  brown  shaly  limestone,  contains  Hemipronites  crassus 
Prod.  Prattenianus  and  Fusulina  cylindrica.     Beneath  is  4  inches 
grayish-blue  layer  of  carb.  of  lime  and  iron. 
219—4  feet  shales. 

2i8-Eighteen  inches  of  ash-blue  silicious  and  pyritiferous  lime- 
ie,  abounding  in  many  fine  fossils,  including  Entolium  avicula- 
tum     Syntrtlasma   hemiplicata,    Platyostoma,   Nautilus,    Terebra- 
tula  bomdens,  Allorisma,  etc.     Below  this  is  o  to  4  feet  shales,  then 
217—10  to  16  inches  sandstone 
9 


130 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


216 — o  to  30  inches  bituminous  shales  ;  then  2  inches  sandy  clay, 


Fig.  55- 


•U8 


216 


105 


99 


196 


193 


'192 


\&S 


18? 


186 


.it 


,2(0 


•  19 


GENERAL  SECTION 
FOR.EST    CITY 
HOLTCO, 


resting  on 

215 — 4  inches  coal. 
214 — 2  feet  light-blue  clay  shales. 
214 — 2  feet  sandy  shales. 
25  feet  shaly  slope. 
Shales  at  bottom. 

210 — 3  inches  shaly  and  nodular  lime- 
stone. 

210 — \y2  feet  brown  shales  and  concre- 
tionary nodules  of  limestone,  abounding 
in  fossils,  including  mostly  Fusulina  cylin- 
drica  and  Athyris  subtilita,  also  contains 
Retzia  punctilifera,  Spirifer  earner  at  ns, 
Prod.  Nebrascensis,  Prod.  Semireticulatus, 
var.  Calhounianus,  Hemipronites  and  Cn- 
noid  stems. 

210 — 10  inches  rough  concretionary 
limestone. 

210 — 10  inches  shales. 
209 — 10  inches  even  bed  of  blue  lime- 
stone. 

207 — 2  feet  blue  shales. 
206 — 13  inches  blue  limestone,  abounds 
in  Hemipronites  crassus,  P.  Nebrascen- 
sis.  In  the  interior  of  the  fossils  are 
often  calcite  crystals,  sometimes  of  dog- 
tooth variety. 

205 — 10  feet  shales. 
I99 — \y2  feet  ash-blue  limestone,  wea- 
thers brown. 

2  feet  10  inches  yellow  shales,  gray 
streaks. 

197 — 1 1^  feet  of  brown  limestone. 
I0,6 — 7   feet   yellow  shales  ;     bands    of 
bituminous  shales  at  the  lower  part. 
— 2T2  feet  of  sandstone. 


XQ2 — i  foot  9  inches  of  grayish-blue  limestone. 
191—5  inches  shales. 


UPPER  COAL-MEASURES.  131 

190 — 6y2  inches  gray  limestone,  abounds  in  many  fine  uni- 
valves. 

189 — 3^  feet  blue  shales. 

4  inches  even  layer  of  deep-blue  limestone. 

8  feet  blue  shales.  At  the  base  of  this,  and  resting  on  No.  186,  is 
a  calcareous  stratum,  abounding  in  Arckceocidaris\  Rhombopora, 
etc.  Limestone  No.  186  is  near  the  base  of  the  hill,  but  is  generally 
concealed. 

We  have  thus  far  steadily  witnessed  the  appearance  of  different 
strata  high  in  the  bluffs,  and  have  seen  them  gradually  become 
lower  in  ascending  the  Missouri  valley,  until  we  have  left  behind 
and  beneath  us  many  hundred  feet  of  upper  coal-measure  rocks. 
At  the  west  line  of  Andrew  County,  just  east  of  Nodaway  River, 
No.  1 86  is  205  feet  above  the  Missouri  bottoms.  One  and  a  half 
miles  west  it  is  170  feet  above.  At  Forbes,  3  miles  west  of  the 
latter,  it  is  only  70  feet ;  4  miles  further,  and  north-west,  at  Jno. 
Pollack's,  it  is  36  feet  above  ;  3  miles  further,  a  little  west  of  north 
of  the  latter,  and  near  Forest  City,  it  disappears  beneath  the 
horizon. 

Our  Forest  City  Section  will  include  all  the  different  strata  found 
at  and  near  that  place.  Of  course  the  different  strata  are  not  all 
exposed  at  any  one  place,  but  they  occur  in  such  a  manner  that 
the  principal  beds  are  easily  recognized,  and  the  subordinate  layers 
can  be  connected  by  vertical  measurements  in  different  localities. 

The  upper  "spathic  limestone"  (No.  220)  was  seen  at  but  few 
places  ;  it  was  observed  one  and  a  half  miles  above  Forest  City, 
and  also  below  the  town,  occurring  as  the  highest  well-marked  rock. 
The  bed  of  carbonate  of  iron  externally  resembles  an  ordinary  lime- 
stone, but  its  weight  and  lustre  show  it  to  be  heavily  charged  with 
carbonate  of  iron. 

No.  218  was  observed  one  mile  below  and  one  and  a  half  miles 
above  Forest  City,  and  at  intermediate  points.  It  forms  the  root 
wherever  coal  (215)  is  worked.  It  is  from  16  to  24  inches  in  thick- 
ness, is  dove-blue,  weathers  with  a  bright  brown  ferruginous  crust, 
often  2  inches  thick,  and  is  sometimes  perpendicularly  jointed.  It 
is  very  hard,  with  splintery  fracture  and  pyritiferous.  It  abounds 
in  rare  and  beautiful  fossils,  including  Edmondia,  Entolium  avicula- 
tum,  Macrodon,  Lima  retifera,  Schizodus  curtus,  Allorisma  grano- 
sus,  Allorisma  subcuneata,  Solenopsis  ?  Polyphemopsis  inornata,  P. 


1 32  GEOLOG  Y  OF  NORTH-  WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

peracuta,  Platyostoma?  Macroclieilus,  Bellcrophon  Marcouianns? 
Naticopsis  Altonensis,  Terebratula  bovidens,  Aviculopinna  Ameri- 
cana, Syntrilasma  hemiplicata,  Nautilus  occidentalis ;  also  contains 
Productus  Prattenianus  and  Hemipronites  crassus. 

No.  212  was  not  observed  in  the  Missouri  bluffs,  but  we  reason- 
ably suppose  it  to  exist  there  in  its  proper  geological  position.  It 
is  well  developed  in  the  north-east  part  of  Holt  County  and  in  the 
western  part  of  Nodaway.  Its  principal  fossils  are,  Lingula,  Pinna 
peracuta,  and  Aviculopinna  Americana. 

About  30  feet  below  No.  218  are  the  shales  and  nodular  limestone 
beds  of  No.  210,  about  4  to  5  feet  in  thickness,  abounding  in  differ- 
ent species  of  fossils,  including  immense  numbers  of  Fusulina  cylin- 
drica,  often  weathered  out  and  strewn  over  the  surface,  resembling 
scattered  wheat-grains.  Athyris subtilita  is  also  very  abundant.  Its 
other  fossils  include  Hemipronites  crassus,  Productus  Nebrasccnsis, 
Productus  symmetricus,  Prod,  splendens,  Prod,  semircticulatus,  var. 
Prod.  CalJwunianus,  Spirifer  cameratus,  Terebratula  bovidens, 
Retziaputictulifera,  Rhombopora  lepidodcndroides,  Loplwpliyllnm 
prolifcrum,  Fistulipora  nodulifera,  Scaphiocrinus  hemisphcricus, 
Zeacrinus  mucrospinus,  and  Bryozoa. 

The  blue  limestone,  No.  209,  at  the  base  of  the  last-named  beds, 
is  also  easily  recognized,  containing  but  a  few  fossils,  but  well- 
marked  ones,  principally  a  large  var.  of  Hemipronites  crassus  and 
Prod.  Nebrascensis.  The  interior  of  these  fossils  is  generally  clear, 
crystallized  calcite. 

The  following  Section  (See  Fig.  56)  at  Iowa  Point,  Kansas,  nearly 
opposite  Forest  City,  includes  most  of  the  beds  seen  at  the  latter  place, 
but  presents  slight  variation  in  thickness  and  general  appearance. 

No..  218  is  quarried  at  White  Cloud,  Kansas,  just  below  the 
town ;  its  outcrop  there  is  about  level  with  the  Missouri  bottoms. 
Just  above  White  Cloud  I  observed  a  thickness  of  61  feet  of  shaly 
sandstone  resting  above  No.  220.  The  further  upward  connection 
of  our  Section  was  obtained  at  City  Bluffs,  Nodaway  County, 
where  there  is  exposed  84  feet  of  shales,  containing  an  occasional 
bed  of  Septaria,  or  carbonate  of  iron.  Above  these  is  an  outcrop 
of  4  feet  of  buff  decomposing  ferruginous  Jimestone.  This  last,  I 
think,  is  nearly  related  to  the  Rulo  coal  bed  ;  but  as  the  coal  was 
not  here  observed,  other  evidences  are  too  indefinite  to  place  it 
with  any  certainty  in  such  relation. 


UPPER  COAL-MEASURES. 


133 


From      near      Forest 
City,  for  20  miles  north- 
ward  along  the  Missouri 
bluffs,     no      outcrops    of 
the  rock    are    seen,   and 
the    connection     of    the 
Forest     City     with     the 
Atchison    County   rocks 
is    broken.        The     next 
exposures    are   found   at 
McGuilliam's    Mill,    near 
the   north    line    of    Holt 
County.    The  upper  beds 
in  Atchison  County  were 
all    correctly   connected. 
An  examination  of  some 
nearly  related  strata  west 
of  the  Missouri  river  failed 
to  supply  the  broken  link 
in  the  chain,  but  there  is 
probably  40   or    50   feet 
between    the   lower   and 
upper   rocks.       Under  a 
separate  head  I  shall  en- 
deavor to  trace   the    re- 
lation   of  the    Nebraska 
beds  with  those  of  Mis- 
souri.    The  upward  ex- 
tension   of   this    Section 
will  be  found  in  my  Re- 
port on  Atchison  County. 

Dip  of  Rocks. 

Along  the  Missouri 
bluffs,  within  the  limits  of 
the  Upper  Coal-Mea- 
sures, I  have  observed 
no  remarkable  dip  nor 
disturbance  of  strata,  but 
the  dip  is  regularly  north 
of  west. 


Fig.  56. 


1 34  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

Nos.  78  and  80  of  our  General  Section,  as  stated  in  first  part  of 
this  report,  are  seen  in  the  bluffs  a  half-mile  west  of  Albany,  Ray 
County,  at  an  elevation  of  130  feet  above  the  bottoms.  Tracing 
these  beds  thence,  they  are  found  regularly  lower  and  lower  in  the 
bluffs  until  we  reach  Randolph,  24  miles  west,  where  the  upper 
surface  is  level  with  the  bottoms.  Just  across  the  river,  in  Kansas 
City,  No.  80  occupies  the  same  horizontal  position,  and  at  an  ele- 
vation above  of  127  feet,  No.  98  projects  in  bold  escarpments. 
Recrossing  the  Missouri,  we  are  enabled  to  trace  No.  98  by  its 
occasional  outcrops  along  the  bluffs  ;  its  top  bed  west  of  Brush 
Creek  is  38  feet  above  the  bottoms,  and  90  feet  below  No.  108. 
Two  miles  further  it  is  at  the  foot  of  the  hill,  and  No.  108  is  94  feet 
above.  This  is  about  5  miles  north  and  16  miles  west  of  Randolph, 
showing  a  descent  of  127  feet  in  that  distance. 

The  last-named  locality  is  about  a  mile  below  Waldron.  We 
here  find  the  top  of  No.  113  at  25  feet  above  No.  108.  Along  the 
bluffs,  six  miles  north-west  of  this,  No.  108  is  at  the  edge  of  the 
bottoms,  and  shows  a  descent  of  94  feet  in  six  miles. 

At  Weston,  No.  113  is  about  5  feet  above  the  bottoms,  and  we 
find  a  north-west  descent  of  109  feet  in  16  miles.  At  this  point  No. 
121  is  76  feet  above  113.  Eight  miles  north-west,  or  one  mile  above 
Jatan,  it  is  on  level  with  the  bottoms,  and  No.  150  is  186  feet  above. 
Ten  miles  due  north,  or  two  miles  above  Rushville,  No.  150  is  122 
feet  above  the  Railroad,  being  depressed  in  that  distance  44  feet, 
which  may  probably  be  about  the  natural  descent  of  the  Missouri  Val- 
ley. From  this  point  to  St.  Joseph,  a  distance  of  13  miles,  the  trend 
of  bluffs  is  north-east,  and  2  miles  below  we  find  No.  150  at  an 
elevation  of  175  feet,  having  risen  43  feet  in  that  distance.  The 
bluffs  from  St.  Joseph  to  Amazonia,  10  miles,  bear  a  very  little  west 
of  north.  At  the  latter  place,  No.  150  is  94  feet  above  the  Railroad, 
having  descended  81  feet  in  that  distance.  One  mile  west  it  is  54 
feet  above  the  Railroad.  At  Nodaway  River,  6  miles  west,  it  is  level 
with  the  bottoms,  and  No.  186  is  197  feet  above.  One  mile  and 
a  half  west,  No.  186  preserves  about  the  same  elevation,  and  ten 
miles  north-west,  or  just  below  Forest  City,  it  is  about  on  a  level 
with  the  Missouri  bottoms. 


CONDENSED  VERTICAL  SECTION  OF  MISSOURI  COAL  MEASURES  . 

G.C.  BRDADHEAD. 

.1'? 

5p« 

L  O  C  all  l^ 

Ttlal 

fruin  Top 

frimD*** 

V 

0 

d 

c 
U 

f. 
a 

CL 
EL 

V 

OB 

3 

j* 

c 

L 

~0 

cf 

0 

—  : 

Y 

a 

5 

!»- 
J 

G 
7 

8 

9 

It 

a 

IS 

If 

IS 

U 
N 

30 
M 

/"ee( 

In 

Coal  

Holt  Co. 
West  fart  of.Voa.twag  Co. 

De  Kalb  , 

fi*i 

In 

K*l 

In 

339 

It 
/O 

a 
a 

.  ?..»». 

751 
"73S 

9^6 

11*7 

58  J 

.r_. 

S07 

ItSI, 
Ski 

37* 

_fleasa.nl  Hill,  Missouri  City 
fc  Princeton 

Cass,  Johnson.  Lafayette  nnri 
Livingttoti  Cos. 
Lafiigctlc  ,  Johnson  A  Ra\  Cos 

.1* 

J«7. 

a.  .. 
«~f 

IS* 

70 

2 

M 

^J/tux-e 
Teaf  

toi 

7 

sr 

M 
r 

319 

* 

S/iai'f 
Caul  

Lafageltc,  Johnson   Carroll  A, 

lift 

1607 

t, 

ut 

SO 

Spac, 

H'arreriliurgh  Cout, 
Slta.ce 

Livnigxlon.  Co*. 
-Johnion.  Henry  k  ChnritonCt*.— 

MM 

186 

SI 

« 

" 

iSn.tt.cn 
foal  

"YsV 

a 

I77S 

2 
II 

s<fo%ie 

a 

"   tf' 

s 

-•  --  Coal  

Johnson.  Henry,  Bates,  Vernon 
Charilon  ,Aan  3,oliab,Boon,Ca.lln\va  v 
Adaii;Sulliya.n,Putna,mlc3fc,ci>n 

i 

* 

Coal    

rt. 

I 

Snace 
Coal      

-Henrjr.Johnsuti.Pctci*  if  Saline  Uoi. 

-1182 

- 

- 

SfMCC 

M-? 

- 

- 

CHAPTEE     V. 

ECONOMIC    GEOLOGY   OF   THE   COAL-MEASURES. 

CATALOGUE   OF   COAL-BANKS    EXAMINED    BY   G.    C.    BROADHEAD    DURING   THE 

YEAR    1872. 

I1V    HESTRY    COUWTY.— LOWER  COAL-MEASURES. 


Thickness. 

Locality. 

Owner  and  Remarks. 

Feet. 

Inches. 

I 

2 

8 

Sec.  25,  T.  41,  R.  26,  near  base  of  coal- 

C.  W.  Jordan. 

measure. 

2 

6 

Gilkerson  Ford,  on  Grand  River. 

o> 

3 

I 

6  + 

Gilkerson  Ford,  on  Grand  River,  said  to 

(A      1      (A 

rt  -73   <u 
H   V   M 

be  3  feet. 

•°  a  a 

!_,    U    i» 

2 

Gilkerson  Ford. 

8*0  $ 

3 

10 

Jackson's  Mill. 

fe°l 

I 

do. 

4 

I 

9 

2  miles  S.  E.  of  Clinton. 

Benj.  Owens. 

5 

2 

6      N.  E.  Sec.  20.  T    /i  2    R    ?fi 

6 

4 

N.  E.  N.  W.  Sec.  29,  T.  42,  R.  26. 

7 

2 

6 

S.  W.  S.  E.  Sec.  20,  T.  42,  R.  26. 

Williams  &  Odle,  27  to 

8 

2 

J 

N.  E.  N.  E.  Sec.  29,  T.  42,  R.  29. 

30  inches  coal. 
Geo.   M.  Britts. 

9 

2 

6 

N.  W.  N.  W.  Sec.  32,  T.  42,  R.  29. 

Judge  Munson. 

10 

2 

Clinton. 

Rotten  coal. 

ii 

I 

6 

2|  miles  S.  W.  of  Calhoun. 

Osage  Coal  Co. 

2 

4 

do.             do. 

do.         do. 

C.  J.  N. 

2 

4 

S.  W.  £  Sec.  17,  T.  42,  R.  24. 

Vlunn's. 

13 

3 
2 

6 

2\  miles  E.  of  Calhoun. 
Same  loc.  as  last. 

Henry  Neff. 
And  same  coal. 

14 

I 

10 

Sec.  22,  T.  43,  R.  24. 

T.  Dillon's. 

15 

8| 

S.  E.  N.  E.  Sec.  17,  T.  43,  R.  24. 

H.  C.  Mullin's. 

16 

10 

S.  W.  S.  W.  Sec.   35,  and  S.  E.  S.  W. 

Sec.  35,  T.  44,  R.  24. 

Benj.  Williamson's. 

3 

do.             do.             do.             do. 

do.          2^  to  3  ft. 

6 

do.             do.             do.             do. 

do.- 

These  3  veins  are  almost  touching, 

S 

one  above  the  other. 

17 

3 

S.  E.  Sec.  34,  T.  44,  R.  24. 

Ogans. 

2 

do.             do. 

do. 

iS 

3 

3  miles  west  of  Windsor. 

P.  H.  Shelton's. 

*9 

2 

8 

2  miles  S.  of  Windsor,  at  edge  of  Benton 

C.   J.  N. 

6 

Co. 
N.  W.  J  Sec.  6,  T.  42,  R.  23,  Benton 

3.  Hughes.                     , 

Co. 

D.  J.  Williams. 

21 

I 

4 

Sec.  i,  T.  44,  R.  24. 

no.  R.  Gray. 

I 

4 

do.             do. 

J.  Owsley's. 

22 

I 

2 

Sec.  14,  T.  47,  R.  24. 

Elijah  Cook. 

II 

do.             do. 

136 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


Thickness. 

Locality. 

Owner  and  Bemarks. 

Feet. 

Inches. 

23 

2 

6 

2  miles  S.  W.  of  Dunksburgh  Johnson  Co. 

Jno.  W.  Porter's. 

24 

2 

i£  miles  S.  W.          do.              do. 

Jno.  Parks. 

25 

I 

4 

Sec.  21,  T.  48,  R.  23,  Pettis  Co. 

Dr.  R.  Tuck. 

26 

I 

6 

N.  W.  S.  W.  i  Sec.   15,  T.  48,   R.  23,! 

Pettis  Co.                                                     T.  Collins. 

27 

I 

4 

4  miles  W.  of  Brownsville,  in  Saline  Co., 

10  inches  rotten  coal  above. 

Louis  Bohn. 

28 

2 

^  mile  north  of  Concordia,  Lafayette  Co. 

Henry  Franke. 

29 

I 

9 

Mulky  nines,    2^  miles   E.   of  Aullville, 

Lafayette  Co. 

Ennis  Cundiff. 

30 

fl 

Railroad  Cut,  i-J-  miles  S.  E.  of  Aullville, 

Lafayette  Co. 

31 

I 

6 

2-J-  miles  N.  E.  of  Aullville,  Lafayette  Co. 

Chas.  Payne's. 

32 

I 

7 

2  miles  S.  E.  of  Lexington,  Lafayette  Co. 

R.   C.  Vaughan,   19  to 

22  in.  Lex.  Coal 

Co. 

33 

2 

In  Lexington,  Lafayette  Co. 

R.  G.  Tucker. 

C.  J.  N. 

I 

10 

do.                  do. 

Gen.  Graham. 

C.  J.  N. 

I 

ii 

E.  of  Stone  Bridge,  Lexington,  Lafayette 

Co. 

C.  J.  N. 

"rt 

I 

8 

Lexington,  Lafayette  Co. 

Tilton  Davis. 

C.   J.  N. 

O 

0 

I 

9 

West  of  Ferry  Landing,   Lexington,  La- 

O        V 

fayette  Co. 

C.  J.  N. 

z>   •< 

to 

1 

4 

4  miles  below  Berlin,  Lafayette  Co. 

Wollemans. 

38 

I 

15  miles  S.  W.  of  Lexington,  Lafayette 

XI 

II 

Co. 

Holmans. 

39 

h-1 

I 

5 

Little  Sniabar,  6  miles  south  of  Lexing- 

ton, Lafayette  Co. 

I 

do.             do.             do.             do. 

40 

5 

2  miles  E.    of  Judge   Wood's,  Lafayette 

Co. 

These  beds  are  34  feet 

5  . 

Lexington,  Lafayette  Co. 

7  inches  below  Lex- 

4i 

8 

2  miles  below  Lexington,  Laf.iyette  Co. 

ington  coal. 

C.  J.  N. 

7 

Lexington,  Lafayette  Co. 

C.   J.  N. 

I 

9 

3  miles  above  Waverley,  Lafayette  Co. 

C.  J.  N. 

6^ 

At  Lexington,  Lafayette  Co. 

40  ft.  above  Lex.  coal. 

C.  J.  N. 

I 

6 

10  miles  N.  of  K.  Noster,  Johnson  Co. 

Alexander  Dreer. 

44 

not 

known. 

At  Sibley,  Jackson  Co. 

In  well. 

45 

2 

On  branch  near  Donohoe's  Ford,  on  Lit- 

tle Blue,  Jackson  Co. 

46 

not 

seen. 

Napoleon,  Jackson  Co. 

Said  to  be  8  to  10  in. 

47 

I 

Levissie's,  near  Hambright's,  Jackson  Co., 

T.  50,  R.  29. 

Wm.  Levissie. 

G.   C.  B. 

I 

6 

Near  E.  line  of  Ray  Co.,  on  Mo.  Bluffs. 

Oberhultz. 

I 

6 

do.             do.             do.             do. 

Williams. 

49 

I 

6 

I  mile  west  of  same,  Ray  Co. 

Howell's. 

5° 

I 

8 

2  miles  E.  of  Richmond,  Ray  Co. 

Smith's  Mill. 

i 

8 

do.             do.             do. 

Sear  cup. 

"cS 

51 

2 

S.  W.  Sec.  31,  T.  52,  R.  27. 

J.    S.     Hughes    & 

8 

Co.,  22  to  28  in. 

C 

52 

2 

2  miles  N.  of  R.  and  L.  Junction,  Kay 

*& 

Co. 

C.  O.  Godfrey. 

-L 
C 

53 

2 

Swanwick,  Ray  Co. 

Thos.  Hayson,  20 

'x 

<U 

in.  to  2  ft.  coal. 

J 

54 

I 

ii 

2d  Ray  Co.  Mines,  Camden,  Ray  Co. 

T.    Collins,    1  8  to 

24  inches. 

I 

9 

N.  Mo.  Mines,               do.             do. 

C.  O.   Godfrey  & 

Co.,  19  to  22  in.  ^ 

re 

I 

7 

S   E   S    W.  Sec.  6,  T.  52,  R.  21,  Carroll 

JJ 

/ 

Co. 

James  Meddlin. 

ECONOMIC  GEOLOGY  OF  THE  COAL-MEASURES. 


137 


Thickness. 

Locality. 

Owner  and  Remarks. 

Feet. 

Inches. 

55 

I 

2 

Are  2  seams  separated  by  3  feet  of  clay, 

Carroll  Co. 

James  Meddlin. 

56 

2 

White  Rock,  Carroll  Co. 

A.  J.  Kendrick. 

57 

I 

4 

2    miles  west    of  White   Rock,    Carroll 

Co. 

Little. 

58 

Near  Hardwick's  Mill,  Carroll  Co. 

Irregular  thickness. 

59 

2 

4  miles  E.  of  Carrollton,  Carroll  Co. 

Jas.  Goodron. 

C.  J.  N. 

6 

\\  miles  N.    W.   of  Carrollton,   Carroll 

Co. 

Stanley. 

G.   C.  B. 

6 

Miami,  Saline  Co. 

L.  'W.  Heeney. 

62 

6 

Kirkham-bank,  Chariton  Co. 

Cunningham. 

63 

I 

6 

8|  S.  W.  i  Sec.   33,  T.  54,   R.   20  W., 

Chariton  Co. 

Wm.  Tyler's. 

64 

I 

7 

2-J  miles  N.  W.  of  Brunswick,  Chariton 

Co. 

Linn's. 

65 

2 

Little  Compton,  Carroll  Co. 

66 

I 

8 

N.  E.  corner  of            do. 

On  Grand  River. 

67 

I 

6 

S.  W.  and  N.  W.  1  Sec.  20,  T.   56,   R. 

21. 

Wm.  Leaton's. 

68 

r 

2 

N.  W.  i  Sec.  26,  T.  56,   R.   22,  Living- 

ston Co. 

Ch.  Wurster's. 

69 

i 

4 

At  Bedford,  Livingston  Co. 

2  veins  of  coal. 

70 

3 

Sec.    19,   T.    56,    Range   23,    Livingston 

Co.,  2  feet  coal  said  to  be  in  shaft. 

Anton  Good. 

7i 

2 

W.  i   N.    E.  i  Sec.    1  1,  T.   58,    R.  24, 

Livingston  Co. 

Abel  Cox. 

72 

I 

3 

N.  W.  Sec.  31,  T.  58,  R.  22,  at  Collier's 

Mill,  Livingston  Co. 

Mr.  Collier. 

I 

8 

E.  |  S.   E.  i  Sec.  30,  T.  58,  R.  2,   Liv- 

ingston Co. 

L.  Collier. 

C.  J.  N. 

I 

4 

4  miles  S.  of  Chillicothe,  on  Grand  River, 

Livingston  Co. 

74 

10* 

Graham's  Mill,  on  Grand  River,  Living- 

ston Co. 

75 

3 

N.    of  Mooresville    2   miles,    Livingston 

Co. 

Clark's. 

76 

10      N.  E.   of  Mooresville  2  miles,  Livingston 

Co. 

Murray  bank. 

77 

6 

Trenton,  Grundy  Co. 

78 

6 

\\  miles  S.  of  Princeton,  Mercer  Co. 

3 

do.               do.               do. 

79 

6 

5  miles                  do.               do 

At  Bricky  Bend. 

80 

3 

I  mile  west  of  Winston,  Daviess  Co. 

81 

2 

Near  Bridgewater,  Nodaway  Co. 

Jno.  Lund. 

82 

I 

12  to  16  inches  N.  W.   of  S.  W.  J  Sec. 

9,  T.  64,  R.  37,  Nodaway  Co. 

Jas.  C.  Smith. 

83 

II 

r  mile  below  mouth  of  Sand  Cr.,  Noda- 

way Co. 

Burdick. 

84 

I 

Sand  Creek,  Nodaway  Co. 

85 

I 

2 

Quitman,                 do. 

86 

10 

On  Florida  Cr.,      do. 

Martin's. 

87 

4 

Near  Forest  City,  Holt  Co. 

88 

5 

S.  W.  i  Sec.  16,  T.   59,  R.  36,  W.  An- 

drew Co.                                                       Win.  Barr. 

89 

ii 

2   miles    N.    E.    of    Savannah,    Andrew 

Co. 

90 

10 

On  Niagara  Creek,  Andrew  Co. 

9i 

7 

12   miles    S.    of    St.    Joseph,    Buchanan| 

Co.                                                                   'Hinman's. 

138 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


Thickness. 

Locality. 

Owner  and  Remarks. 

Feet. 

Inches. 

92 

I 

I 

Near  Hall's  Station,  Buchanan  Co. 

93 

7 

S.  fork  Sugar  Creek,  S.  line  of  Buchanan 

Co. 

94 

8 

Block's  Mill,  Platte  Co. 

95 

8 

2  miles  below  Block's  Mill,  Platte  Co. 

Rees. 

96 

9 

Mo.  Bluffs,  3  miles  above  Weston. 

97 

10 

Near  Saml.  Morrow's,  Platte  Co. 

Total 97  localities. 

NOTE. — Localities  with  initials  C.  J.  N.  affixed  were  examined  by  Mr.  C.  J.  Norwood, 
all  others  by  G.  C.  Broadhead. 

DESCRIPTIVE    LIST   OF  BUILDING    ROCKS,  LIME  AND    HY- 
DRAULIC LIMESTONES  AND  FIRE-CLAYS. 

Building  Rock. — Rocks  suitable  for  most  building  purposes  can 
be  obtained  in  any  of  the  counties  of  Missouri,  although  in  some 
districts  it  has  to  be  transported  for  many  miles.  In  Atchison 
County  they  are  only  found  in  situ  at  a  few  places  on  the  Missouri 
bluffs  and  a  few  miles  off  on  Rock  Creek,  and  near  the  east  county 
line.  In  the  interior  the  "  lost  rock"  of  the  Drift  period  is  used  for 
the  common  purposes  of  walling  wells  and  building  foundations  for 
houses.  In  Holt  County  also,  above  Forest  City,  rock  is  scarce. 


BUILDING  STONE  OF  THE  UPPER  COAL-MEASURES. 

The  following  description  will  include  such  building  stone  as  can 
be  considered  strong,  durable  and  handsome.  I  would  first  men- 
tion the  limestones.  Among  the  coal-measure  rocks  it  is  only 
among  the  upper  series  that  we  can  look  for  a  good,  strong  and  de- 
sirable limestone.  The  limestones  near  the  horizon  of  a  coal-bed 
cannot  always  be  recommended  ;  they  are  generally  of  an  ash-blue 
color,  and  often  contain  iron  pyrites,  and  the  first  freezing  weather 
cracks  them.  The  gray  limestones  break  irregularly  ;  the  blue 
limestones  are  generally  jointed  by  cracks  perpendicular  to  their 
planes  of  deposit,  and  when  exposed,  as  is  often  the  case  in  the  bed 
of  a  stream,  they  present  the  appearance  of  a  floor  paved  with 
rhomboidal  blocks.  Some  of  the  limestones,  if  quarried  in  the 


ECONOMIC  GEOLOGY  OF  THE  COAL-MEASURES.         139 

spring  and  left  exposed  throughout  the  summer,  evaporate  their 
moisture,  and  ensuing  frosts  do  not  seriously  injure  them  ;  whereas, 
if  the  same  rock  were  quarried  in  fall  or  winter,  it  would  soon  crack 
in  many  directions  and  become  worthless.  Many  of  the  limestones 
of  the  coal-measures  contain  iron  pyrites  ;  such  rocks  near  their  ex- 
posed faces  generally  lose  their  sulphur,  and  a  thick  brown  crust  is 
formed  on  the  outside,  which  sometimes  envelops  the  rock  in  con- 
centric bands,  often  several  inches  thick,  which  easily  scale  off. 

Descriptive  List. 

No.  209  occurs  in  the  bluff  at  John  Pollock's,  Holt  County,  at  an 
elevation  of  97  feet  above  the  Missouri  bottoms.  One  mile  below 
Forest  City  it  is  75  feet  above,  and  at  the  lower  limits  of  the  town  it 
is  40  feet  above.  At  these  localities  it  is  one  foot  thick  and  affords 
a  beautiful  and  strong  rock. 

The  contained  fossils  generally  have  a  lining  of  crystallized 
calcite.  If  polished  it  would  look  well.  It  is  5  and  6  inches  thick 
near  Bridgewater,  Nodaway  County,  and  at  Braddy's  Mill,  on  Noda- 
way  River,  in  Iowa,  and  10  inches  thick  near  the  south-west  part 
of  Nodaway  County. 

No.  207  is  found  from  2  to  2\  feet  below  No.  209,  and  is  almost 
exactly  like  it  in  color,  texture  and  fossil  remains,  but  is  generally 
of  greater  thickness  and  firmer. 

Near  Forest  City  and  at  Kunkell's  it  is  16  inches  thick  ;  10 
inches  at  Smith's  Mill,  in  Nodaway  County  ;  13  inches  at  Braddy's, 
and  5  and  9  inches  near  Bridgewater. 

No.  192. — At  Kunkell's  Mill  is  an  outcrop  of  21  inches  of  bluish- 
gray  limestone  ;  this  bed  was  also  occasionally  observed  a  little  be- 
low Forest  City,  at  about  30  feet  elevation  above  the  bottoms,  and 
generally  free  from  weather-cracks.  From  present  developments, 
I  would  suppose  it  to  be  a  very  good  material  for  strong  masonry. 

No.  184  crops  out  at  John  Pollock's,  4  miles  below  Forest  City, 
in  two  beds  ;  the  upper,  5  inches,  and  the  lower,  20  inches  thick. 
It  also  crops  out  at  Forbes's,  16  inches  thick,  and  at  Ohio  Mills  2 
feet  in  thickness.  But  wherever  found  it  is  an  even-bedded,  fine- 
grained, bluish-drab  limestone,  with  occasional  specks  of  calc-spar 
disseminated,  and  would  admit  of  a  fine  polish. 

The  next  limestone  deserving  of  attention  as  a  building  stone  is 


1 40  GEOLOG Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

No.  152.  This  is  evenly  stratified,  with  no  shale  partings,  some- 
times oolitic  and  sometimes  cross-laminated,  generally  of  a  brown- 
ish-gray color  ;  a  freshly  quarried  slab  exhibits  a  blue  fracture.  Its 
greatest  observed  thickness  was  14  feet,  in  the  railroad  quarry  one 
mile  west  of  Amazonia.  Many  quarries  of  it  have  been  opened  on 
the  creek  2\  miles  north-east  of  Savannah.  It  occurs  here  in  neat 
strong  flags  of  2  to  6  inches  thick,  and  also  in  thicker  beds,  suitable 
for  large  dimension  stone. 

From  these  quarries  quantities  of  the  rock  were  formerly  hauled 
to  St.  Joseph,  and  used  in  the  buildings  of  that  city.  Three  or 
four  feet  thickness  was  also  observed  near  Block's  Mills,  in  Buchanan 
and  Platte  Counties,  high  up  in  the  bluffs. 

No.  143,  seven  feet,  and  No.  128,  four  feet  thick — both  appearing 
in  bluffs  below  St.  Joseph.  They  are  useful  for  strong,  rough 
masonry. 

No.  143,  a  few  miles  above  St.  Joseph,  is  10  feet  in  thickness, 
chiefly  in  one  bed. 

No.  100,  occurring  in  bluffs  between  Parkville  and  Platte  River, 
is  generally  of  even  surface  and  thickness,  strong  and  heavy.  Be- 
tween Parkville  and  Waldron  it  is  oolitic. 

The  lower  beds  of  No.  108  have  been  much  used  at  Parkville  for 
building.  They  are  6  and  9  inches,  and  therefore  of  very  good 
thickness  for  ordinary  building  ;  the  layers  are  quite  uniform. 

No.  92  affords  a  good,  substantial  and  rather  good-looking  build- 
ing rock,  but  it  is  only  in  one  layer,  of  about  13  inches.  It  is  dark- 
blue,  variegated  with  irregular  wavy  ramifications  of  a  different 
shade,  probably  of  coralline  origin.  It  has  been  quarried  in  bluffs 
at  Kansas  City,  and  used  in  many  buildings.  It  may  also  be  found 
at  Parkville. 

No.  90  affords  a  good  material  for  building  purposes  ;  it  is  a 
grayish-drab,  tolerably  fine-grained  limestone,  with  occasional 
specks  of  calc-spar,  and  occurs  in  a  tolerably  even  strata,  and  works 
as  freely  as  most  limestones.  It  is  especially  well  marked  by  a 
fossil  (Campopkyllum  Torquiuni),  which  is  quite  abundant,  and  pre- 
sents its  true  type  in  this  rock,  but  is  almost  entirely  unknown  any- 
where else.  It  is  quarried  opposite  the  Union  Depot,  Kansas  City, 
and  may  be  found  near  the  same  horizon  around  Kansas  City,  crop- 
ping out  in  the  bluffs  opposite,  and  occasionally  as  far  up  as  Parkville. 

But  it  is  in  No.  87  that  we  find  the  best  and  easiest  working 


ECONOMIC  GEOLOGY  OF  THE  COAL-MEASURES.         141 

limestone  of  the  upper  coal  measures  ;  it  is  whitish  or  light-gray, 
sometimes,  near  the  line  of  deposit,  of  a  bluish  shade  and  beautifully 
oolitic,  some  oolites  as  large  as  ^  inch,  but  generally  smaller ;  from 
40  to  50,  averaging  generally  about  40  to  a  lineal  inch,  or  160  to 
200  per  square  inch.  A  good  quarry  has  been  opened  along  the 
side  of  the  road  above  the  Union  Depot  at  Kansas  City.  It  ap- 
pears there  18  feet  in  thickness.  Other  good  quarries  are  worked 
a  mile  below  Kansas  City,  where  it  can  be  quarried  in  blocks  2  and 
3  feet  thick.  A  good  quarry  is  opened  in  the  bluffs  just  opposite 
Kansas  City,  and  also  2  or  3  miles  above  ;  for  large  dimension  stone 
I  consider  it  very  valuable. 

No.  84,  at  its  greatest  development,  is  9  feet  4  inches  thick,  gen- 
erally in  two  beds,  which  make  it  very  suitable  for  large  dimension 
stone  ;  it  is  very  fine-grained  ;  the  lower  3  or  4  feet  as  one  bed  of 
dove-blue  fine-grained  limestone,  with  many  pellucid  specks  of  calc- 
spar  disseminated,  admitting  of  a  fine  polish,  is  found  at  Kansas  City, 
at  Randolph  and  Missouri  City,  Clay  County,  and  in  the  railroad  cut 
at  Pleasant  Hill,  Cass  County. 

No.  79  is  a  whitish  and  sometimes  ferruginous  gray  silicious 
limestone,  in  thick  beds  easy  to  work,  and  probably  withstands  the 
effects  of  the  weather  better  than  any  other  coal-measure  limestone  ; 
it  is  contained  between  Nos.  78  and  80,  almost  blending  with 
them,  and  at  Kansas  City  cannot  be  altogether  separated.  At 
North  Missouri  Junction  it  is  only  one  foot  thick.  At  Greenwood, 
Jackson  County,  there  is  about  6  feet  of  it  in  thick  beds,  mostly 
oolitic,  of  a  gray  and  bluish-gray  color.  At  several  places  near 
Pleasant  Hill,  Cass  County,  there  are  quarries  of  it.  It  is  there 
about  4  feet  thick,  of  a  whitish  or  bluish-gray  and  sometimes  brown- 
ish-gray color,  and  is  known  by  the  local  name  of  Cotton  rock.  At 
Kirtly's  quarry,  near  Mooresville,  Livingstone  County,  there  is  ex- 
posed 8*^  feet  of  whitish  oolitic  limestone,  in  layers  of  relatively  32 
inches,  16  inches  and  17  inches.  A  great  deal  has  been  used  from 
this  quarry,  chiefly  by  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad  Com- 
pany. Other  quarries  of  this  oolitic  limestone  are  seen  near  Prince- 
ton, in  Mercer  County,  and  near  the  east  line  of  Caldwell  County. 

No.  74. — This  limestone  has  been  extensively  used  for  masonry 
on  the  Pacific  Railroad,  and  the  Lexington,  Lake,  and  Gulf  Railroad  ; 
in  Cass  and  Jackson  Counties,  it  occurs  in  two  beds,  one  of  8  to  12 
inches,  the  other  of  12  to  16  inches  thick,  of  very  even  surface, 


1 42  GEOLOG  Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  M1SSO URL 

jointed,  fracture  showing  deep  ash-blue,  color  variegated  with  darker 
windings  ;  it  would  be  handsome  polished.  Good  quarries  are  near 
Lone  Jack  and  south-west  for  four  miles,  and  three  and  four  miles 
north-east  and  east  of  Pleasant  Hill. 

About  east  of  Bridgewater  and  at  the  bridge  on  the  Platte  River 
are  two  very  even  layers  of  4  and  6  inches  of  strong,  tough  sandy 
limestone,  a  first-rate  rock  for  paving  ;  its  geological  position  is  near 
the  base  of  No.  150. 

SANDSTONES. 

In  the  northern  part  of  Atchison  County,  near  McDonald's,  and  a 
few  miles  below,  are  outcrops  of  hard,  blue,  and  drab  calcareous  sand- 
stone, generally  splitting  in  thin  but  very  even  flags.  This  is  the 
only  really  good  building  material  that  can  be  found  for  many  miles. 

Sandstone  No.  195,  near  Forest  City,  is  a  soft  grayish  drab,  very 
easily  worked,  and  seems  to  last  very  well  in-doors,  but  appears  to 
poor  advantage  in  the  quarry.  Sandstone  of  similar  age,  but  very 
different  in  appearance,  has  been  quarried  on  One  Hundred  and 
Two  River,  below  Bridgewater,  and  used  for  masonry  on  the  rail- 
road ;  -it  occurs  here  in  thick,  rough  beds,  rather  difficult  to  quarry  ; 
is  a  hard,  coarse  brown  or  buff  soft  micaceous  sandstone,  with  some- 
times minute  calcite  lines.  A  portion  is  a  hard  blue,  with  plant  re- 
mains. 

At  Mrs.  Martin's,  in  the  south-west  quarter  of  Section  25,  Town- 
ship 65,  Range  34,  is  a  hard  blue  sandstone,  which  is  said  to  make 
good  grindstones.  Two  feet  of  outcrop  appears  near  the  edge  of 
the  water  in  Honey  creek. 

A  few  miles  south-west  of  Cameron  is  an  outcrop  of  3  feet  of 
ripple-marked  sandstone,  which  is  also  said  to  make  good  grind- 
stones. 

SANDSTONE   OF   MIDDLE   AND   LOWER   COAL   SERIES. 

On  the  bluffs  of  the  east  fork  of  Grand  river,  at  Gillaspy's  Mill, 
Livingston  County,  there  is  exposed  86  feet  of  buff  and  gray  sand- 
stone, including  Nos.  65  and  69,  of  which  25  feet  forms  excellent 
building  material,  mostly  in  thick  layers. 

In  Lafayette  County,  near  the  mouth  of  "  Terrebonne,"  orTabbo, 
are  thick  beds  of  coarse  buff  and  brown  sandstone,  generally  soft ; 


ECONOMIC  GEOLOGY  OF  THE  COAL-MEASURES.         143 

but  I  have  no  doubt  that  excavations  here  would  develop  layers  of 
good  building  rock. 

On  Gen'l  J.  O.  Shelby's  land,  near  Aullville,  are  several  sand- 
stone quarries.  Ledges  three  feet  in  thickness  were  observed  ; 
the  indications  are  tolerably  good.  This  is  of  the  same  geological 
age  as  the  rock  at  mouth  of  Terrebonne. 

On  W.  T.  Collins's  land,  one  mile  south  of  Brownsville,  Saline 
County,  there  is  an  excellent  sandstone  quarry,  with  probably  at 
least  25  feet  of  good  quarry  rock,  and  the  total  thickness  of  sand- 
stone is  about  50  feet.  Some  of  the  beds  are  four  feet  thick  and 
present  a  good  working  face.  The  rock  is  a  chocolate-brown  firm 
sandstone,  and  lies  near  the  base  of  the  coal-measures.  This  sand- 
stone is  occasionally  seen  along  the  bluffs  of  Blackwater,  for  5  or  6 
miles  south-west;  it  has  sometimes  a  whitish  shade.  It  is  also 
quarried  at  and  near  Clinton,  Henry  County.  The  quarry  west  of 
Clinton  appears  thus  : — 

No.  I — 4  feet  drab  sandstone,  in  layers  of  2  to  6  inches. 

No.  2 — A  layer  of  2  feet. 

No.  3 — One  of  2^  feet. 

No.  4 — 6  feet  of  irregular  layers  of  various  thickness  of  sandstone. 

The  Clinton  rock  is  ripple-marked,  and  uniformly  of  a  drab  color, 
with  sometimes  green  partings. 

At  Mrs.  Suttle's  quarry,  east  of  Clinton,  the  quarry  rock  is  5^£ 
feet  thick,  in  3  layers  of  2  feet  9  inches,  2  feet,  and  6  inches. 
The  rock  is  more  brown  than  the  Clinton  rock  ;  in  other  respects  it 
is  similar. 

On  Sugar  creek,  in  Cass  County,  a  buff-brown  sandstone  in  good 
thick  beds  has  been  quarried  and  used  in  the  abutments  of  railroad 
bridges  over  Grand  river  ;  it  is  easy  to  work  and  quite  substantial ; 
it  is  probably  of  the  same  age  as  that  of  Berlin,  Lafayette  County, 
and  of  Warrensburg.  On  Sugar  creek  it  abounds  in  Sigillarice. 

The  sandstone  quarries  that  have  been  worked  most  extensively 
are  those  of  Miami  and  Warrensburg. 

Thick-bedded  sandstone  appears  in  the  bluffs  one  mile  above  De 
Witt,  and  from  thence  to  one  and  a  half  miles  above  Miami  Station. 
It  is  generally  buff  or  brown,  except  near  the  western  terminus  at 
"White  rock,"  where  it  is  whitish  with  a  faint  blue  shade.  The 
quarry  rock  above  ground  is  60  feet  thick,  mostly  in  a  single  bed, 
with  no  sub-lines  of  stratification.  Dark  seams  appear  at  one  place, 


144  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

and  a  few  indurated  concretionary  forms  of  blue  sandstone  are 
sometimes  interpolated  ;  otherwise  the  rock  is  easy  to  work  and 
good  in  all  respects.  It  is  gritty,  and  would  make  good  grindstones. 
Large  quantities  have  been  quarried  and  shipped  on  the  railroad 
during  the  past  few  years.  The  hard  concretionary  forms  generally 
contain  many  fossil  plants,  chiefly  calamites  and  allied  genera. 
Just  along  the  bluffs  west  the  sandstone  is  replaced  by  sandy  shales 
abounding  in  many  hard  concretionary  forms  of  sandstone. 

The  Warrensburg  sandstone  was  spoken  of  in  my  report  of  last 
year  (see  Chap.  VI.)  ;  since  that  time  the  force  of  quarrymen  and 
facilities  for  getting  out  the  rock  have  been  increased.  I  consider 
it  one  of  the  best  quarries  of  Western  Missouri. 

At  Brownsville  there  is  quarried  a  tough,  silicious  rock  in  very 
even  flags,  colored  blue  and  drab  variegated,  and  much  used  for 
street-paving.  It  can  be  found  east  of  the  town  in  thin  and  thick 
layers.  I  observed  it  4  miles  west  and  2  to  4  miles  south-west ;  it 
also  has  its  equivalent  in  similar  thin  layers  of  flagstone  lying  over 
the  coal  at  Jordan's,  5  miles  south  of  Clinton,  Henry  County. 

Although  of  a  different  geological  age,  this  flagstone  closely 
resembles  that  before  noted  from  Nodaway  County,  and  the  flag- 
stone of  Osage  City,  Kansas.  Near  Jackson's  Mill  and  Gilkerson's 
Ford,  in  Henry  County,  we  find  \y2  feet  of  whitish  hard  sandstone, 
firm  and  gritty  enough  for  whetstones  or  hard  grindstones.  A 
similar  bed,  and  probably  of  the  same  geological  age,  crops  out  in 
the  bluffs  of  Miami,  Saline  County ;  at  both  places  it  contains  re- 
mains of  Stigmaria. 

Limestones  of  the  Middle  Coal-measures. — On  Judge  W.  T. 
Wood's  land,  6  miles  south  of  Lexington,  we  find  the  following 
rocks  : — 

No.  i — 2  feet  light-blue  limestone  with  shaly  partings. 

No.  2 — 21  inches  drab  limestone  with  Chcetetes  Milleporaceus. 

No.  3 — 5  inches  compact  limestone. 

No.  4 — 23  inches  compact  dull  drab  limestone  with  a  faint  green 
tinge. 

The  above  is  the  thickness  of  the  respective  layers  ;  it  affords  a 
pretty  good  building  material,  and  some  of  it  is  no  doubt  suscep- 
tible of  a  good  polish,  and  may  also  be  hydraulic  ;  its  geological 
position  is  15  to  20  feet  above  the  Lexington  coal. 

At  Charles  Wiirster's,  a  few  miles  south  of  Bedford,  Livingston 


ECONOMIC  GEOLOGY  OF  THE  COAL-MEASURES  145 

County,  is  a  quarry  of  dark-blue  limestone  in  two  layers  of  9  and 
II  inches  respectively,  and  very  even  surface,  it  is  jointed,  contains 
Fusulina  aftdArckceocidaris  and  is  probably  equivalent  to  No.  55  °f 
the  General  Section,  and  admits  of  a  fine  polish.  The  abutments  of 
the  bridge  across  Grand  River,  at  Bedford,  are  constructed  of  it. 

Hydraulic  Limestones  and  others  suitable  for  common  Lime. 
— No.  112 — A  tolerably  good  rock  for  ordinary  lime.  Locality, 
at  Weston,  and  below  as  far  as  Parkville.  Color,  buff-gray. 

No.  150 — Occasionally  in  the  bluffs  a  few  miles  above  Weston, 
at  Block's  Mill,  and  in  the  bluffs  above  to  St.  Joseph  ;  at  Amazonia 
good  cement  has  been  made  from  it ;  near  St.  Joseph  it  has  been 
much  used  for  lime.  It  is  also  found  on  Niagara  Creek,  One  Hun- 
dred and  Two  River,  Andrew  County,  and  at  Island  Branch, 
Gentry  County.  General  color,  ash-blue. 

No.  1 10 — Blue  limestone,  may  be  a  good  lime-rock,  and  a  portion 
probably  hydraulic.  Locality,  at  Weston,  and  near  Morrow's,  in 
Platte  County. 

No.  160 — At  Caldwell's  quarry,  one  mile  south  of  Savannah  ; 
this  rock  appears  as  if  it  might  be  hydraulic.  It  is  4^  feet  thick  at 
this  place.  Color,  a  dull  drab. 

167 — May  be  hydraulic.  Locality  where  found  was  in  Black 
Cut,  I  mile  south  of  Savannah,  2^  miles  north-east,  and  on  the 
Missouri  bluffs  one  mile  above  the  mouth  of  Nodaway  River.  Color, 
drab. 

Nos.  206  and  209  may  be  good  lime-rocks,  and  may  sometimes 
possess  hydraulic  properties.  Locality,  near  Forest  City,  on 
Nodaway  River,  Nodaway  County,  and  near  Bridgewater.  Color, 
dark  ash-blue. 

199 — Would  do  for  lime.  Locality,  neaV  Forest  City ;  fine- 
grained. Color,  drab. 

190— May  be  hydraulic.  Locality,  obtained  at  Kunkell's,  Holt 
County.  Color,  dark  ash-blue. 

184 — May  be  hydraulic.  Locality,  below  Forest  City  and  at 
Ohio  Mills.  Color,  bluish-drab. 

218— May  be  hydraulic.  Locality,  near  Forest  City  and  in  Nod- 
away  County,  at  Quitman,  on  Florida  Creek,  Sand  County ;  the 
lowest  rock  at  King's  Mill,  Atchison  County,  occurring  also  near 
Vangrudy's.  Color,  ash-blue. 

201 — Is  probably  hydraulic  ;  it  occurs  near  Forest  City,  at  Smith's 

IO 


146  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-  WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

Mill,  on  Nodaway  River  and  vicinity,  and  near  Bridgewater  ;  it 
is  best  seen  on  Dog  Creek,  near  Bridgewater.  Bluish-drab. 

197 — At  the  same  localities  as  the  last.  It  is  probably  hydraulic. 
Bluish  drab. 

Drab  limestone  from  Graham's  Mill,  Livingston  County.  It  may 
be  hydraulic.  Section  134-9. 

Blue  limestone  from  Collier's  quarry,  Livingston  County.  It  may 
be  hydraulic.  Section  147-3. 

Good  limestone  for  lime  occurs  at  Isaac  Miller's,  \y2  miles  north- 
west of  Gentryville.  Buff-gray. 

The  following  limestones  of  Daviess  County  may  be  good  for 
lime  or  hydraulic  cement  : — 

Section  120-17 — At  Gallatin.     Deep-blue,  compact. 

Section  120-19 — Like  the  last.     Same  locality. 

108-5 — Similar  to  the  last ;  from  Pattonsburgh. 

108-1 — Dark-blue  limestone.     Same  locality  as  the  last. 

109-6 — Ash-gray  limestone.  On  Grand 'River,  near  the  west  line 
of  Daviess  County. 

104-1 — Ash-colored  fusulina  limestone  on  Big  Creek,  below 
Pattonsburgh. 

120-15 — Deep  ash-colored  limestone.     Gallatin. 

123-5 — Ash-blue  argillaceous  limestone.  On  South  Big  Creek, 
near  Harmon's. 

115-3 — On  Railroad,  2  miles  south  of  Jameson.  Ash-blue  lime- 
stone. 

1 20-20 — Gray  limestone.     At  Gallatin. 

102 — Nos.  I,  2  and  3.  Will  make  lime.  No.  3  is  said  to  be  good 
for  that  purpose.  Locality — on  a  west  branch  of  Sampson  Creek, 
north-west  from  Pattonsburgh,  also  in  the  vicinity  of  Grand  River, 
near  the  line  of  Gentry  and  Daviess  Counties.  Color,  buff-gray. 

1 10-2 — Fine-grained,  bright-brown,  compact  limestone  ;  may  do 
for  lime.  Gentry  County,  on  the  hill-tops,  on  the  south  side  of 
Grand  River,  near  the  east  county  line. 

No.  98 — Good  for  lime  ;  at  Kansas  City,  Parkville  and  Independ- 
ence. 

No.  90 — At  Kansas  City  and  Parkville  ;   may  be  hydraulic. 

Section  1 52-8 — On  Grand  River,  Livingston  County,  near  William 
Leaton's.  May  be  hydraulic.  Hydraulic  (?)  limestone  on  William 
Tyler's  land,  near  Brunswick,  Chariton  County. 


ECONOMIC  GEOLOGY  OF  THE  COAL-MEASURES.  147 

162-6 — Near  Hardwick's  Mill,  Carroll  County.  Bluish-drab  ; 
probably  hydraulic. 

161-2 — At  Hardwick's  Mill ;   resembles  the  last  named. 

Section  169 — Deep-blue  limestone  ;  may  be  hydraulic.  On  Sher- 
wood's land,  west  of  Carrollton,  Carroll  County. 

Section  175-4 — Ash-blue  limestone  ;  may  be  hydraulic  ;  2  miles 
north-east  of  Richmond  ;  similar  rock  at  most  of  the  coal-banks  near 
Richmond  and  Camden ;  limestone  under  the  coal  at  Lexington, 
color  ash-gray  ;  rough  ;  may  be  hydraulic.  Section  15-11. 

Section  28-2 — 4  miles  above  Waverley,  Lafayette  County,  fine- 
grained, bluish  drab  limestone,  probably  hydraulic. 

Section  34-3 — Dark  ash-blue,  shading  to  drab,  probably  hy- 
draulic. Osborn's,  near  Aullville,  Lafayette  County. 

At  Mulky  coal-mines,  Lafayette  County,  ash-blue  limestone,  pro- 
bably hydraulic.  The  limestone  over  the  coal,  on  the  land  of  Dr.  G. 
M.  Britts  and  vicinity  in  Henry  County,  is  probably  hydraulic,  and 
also  a  fair  building  rock  ;  specimens  are  marked  62-3.  This  lime- 
stone also  overlies  the  coal  2^  miles  west  of  Calhoun  on  the  railroad. 

12-12 — Heavy,  hard  ash-blue,  may  be  hydraulic  ;  Napoleon,  La- 
fayette County.  A  rough  nodular  drab  limestone  from  near  Knob- 
noster,  Johnson  County  ;  may  be  hydraulic. 

The  above  list  includes  many  different  strata,  from  near  the  top 
almost  to  the  base  of  the  coal-measures.  Some  of  them  will  make 
pretty  good  common  lime,  others  will  make  hydraulic  lime  or  hy- 
draulic cement.  The  proper  experiments  will  prove  what  they  may 
be  suitable  for. 

Mahan  defines  limes  as  follows  :  "  Common  or  air-lime  will  air- 
slake,  or  slake  by  having  water  poured  over  it,  and  will  only  harden 
in  the  air.  Hydraulic  lime  slakes  thoroughly  like  common  lime 
when  deprived  of  its  carbonic  acid,  and  does  not  harden  promptly 
under  water.  Hydraulic  cement  does  not  slake,  and  usually  quickly 
hardens  under  water.  Fat  limes  give  a  paste  which  is  unctuous  to 
the  sight  and  touch  ;  meagre  limes  yield  a  thin  paste.  Common 
limes  are  fat — hydraulic  limes  are  meagre ;  but  all  meagre  limes  are 
not  hydraulic. 

"The  limestones  which  yield  hydraulic  limes  and  cements  are 
either  argillaceous  or  magnesian,  or  argillo-magnesian.  The 
hydraulic  energy  differs  according  to  the  proportion  of  lime  and 
clay  in  their  composition.  It  is  necessary  that  a  certain  proportion 


1 48  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URI. 

of  clay  should  enter  into  the  composition  of  the  limestone.  These 
rocks  are  generally  some  shade  of  drab,  or  of  gray,  or  of  dark 
grayish-blue  ;  compact  texture,  fracture  even  or  conchoidal,  with 
a  clayey  or  earthy  smell  and  taste." 

Polishing  rock. — At  Groomer's  Mill,  in  Daviess  County,  I  col- 
lected a  specimen  of  a  light,  somewhat  porous,  buff,  silicious  rock, 
rather  soft.  A  similar  stone  was  collected  between  Cass  and  Jack- 
son Counties,  3  miles  west  of  Greenwood  ;  also  at  one  mile  north 
of  Greenwood  and  at  a  few  miles  north-west.  It  seems  to  occur 
in  strata  several  inches  thick,  and  closely  resembles  the  polishing 
stone  of  Newton  County,  but  is  somewhat  colored  brown  with 
iron-rust,  whereas  the  Newton  County  rock  is  a  cream-color.  Its 
geological  position  is  in  No.  85. 

Other  rocks  observed  lying  just  "below  the  coal-measures. — 
At  Miami  and  Brownsville,  Saline  County,  are  beds  of  gray  lime- 
stone of  coarse  texture,  which  will  sometimes  admit  of  a  good  polish, 
and  are  excellent  rocks  for  making  lime.  They  belong,  geologi- 
cally, to  the  Encrinital  limestone  group. 

Clays  suitable  for  Fire-brick. — These  clays  are  often  met  with 
in  the  coal-measures,  and  generally,  although  not  always,  may  be 
found  just  beneath  the  coal-beds.  At  Allen's  coal-bank,  in  Noda- 
way  County,  are  10  to  15  feet  of  clay,  which  has  been  made  into 
excellent  brick  for  common  building  purposes.  It  is  a  smooth, 
laminated,  snuff-drab  clay. 

At  Quitman,  2.y2  feet  smooth,  light-drab  clay. 

No.  205  is  4  feet  of  olive-blue  and  dove-colored,  a  little  rough, 
with  a  very  little  sand  in  it ;  it  is  found  near  Forest  City,  Oregon, 
Smith's  Mill  and  Bridgewater. 

Section     78-3 — At  Vangundy's,   Atchison    County ;  hard,  fine 
grained,  olive-colored  clay. 

99-6 — Isaac  Miller's,  Gentry  County  ;  4  feet  of  very  smooth 
olive  clay. 

No.  97 — At  Kansas  City,  thin  laminae  of  dark-blue  clay. 

174-3 — Ray  County,  5  feet  part  red,  part  green. 

174-5 — 3  feet  green  clay.     Near  east  county  line,  Ray  County. 

157-8 — Chariton  County,  2  feet  bluish-gray  fire-clay;  seems 
quite  pure.  Under  Linn's  coal. 

Section  155-18 — 5  feet  blue  and  whitish  clay,  \y2  miles  north- 
east of  Little  Compton,  Carroll  County. 


ECONOMIC  GEOLOGY  OF  THE  COAL-MEASURES.          149 

The  clay  under  the  Lexington  coal  seems  generally  a  pure  gray, 
of  variable  thickness,  6  inches  to  3  feet. 

DESCRIPTIVE  LIST  OF   PAINT-BEDS,   CLAYS,    ORES,  &c. 

OBSERVED    IN    COAL-MEASURES    OF   WESTERN    MISSOURI,    DURING    THE   YEAR 

1872. 

IRON  ORES. 

Iron  pyrites  occurs  in  numerous  localities  in  every  county  ;  most 
of  the  coal  contains  it  in  the  joints,  and  it  is  also  found  in  the  shales 
adjacent,  and  most  of  the  ash-blue  limestone  contains  large  quanti- 
ties ;  such  limestones,  although  often  appearing  very  well  when  first 
quarried,  will  crack  under  the  first  winter's  cold.  A  thick  brown 
crust  is  also  generally  formed  on  the  exposed  surfaces. 

Brown  and  red  hematite. — In  N.  ^  of  N.  E.  ^of  N.  E.  ^  Sec- 
tion 25,  T.  43,  R.  25,  on  the  land  of  Laban  Parks,  one  and  a  half 
miles  north  of  Calhoun,  Henry  County,  are  seen  numerous  bould- 
ers or  masses  of  a  porous  red  oxide  of  iron  strewn  over  the  surface. 
A  pit  dug  there  revealed  3  feet  of  red  clay  below  the  soil,  contain- 
ing numerous  masses  of  iron  ore.  Beneath  the  iron  ore  are  large 
quantities  of  brown  ochre.  This  deposit  covers  an  area  of  over  5 
acres.  On  the  hillside  north  of  the  railroad  at  Calhoun  is  an  outcrop 
of  one  foot  of  a  horizontal  band  of  red  sandy  iron  ore  ;  streak,  red. 

In  the  railroad  cut  at  Calhoun  is  an  outcrop  of  limestone,  whose 
interior  shows  a  bluish  ash-color,  but  which  weathers  with  a  thick 
red  crust  of  oxide  of  iron.  A  similar  outcrop,  51^  inches  thick,  was 
observed  on  the  roadside  a  quarter  of  a  mile  west  of  Clinton.  Two 
and  a  half  miles  east  of  Calhoun  we  find  from  I  ]/2  to  2  feet  bed  of  iron 
oxide  concretions,  and  brown  sandstone  overlying  a  3-foot  coal-bed. 

In  Johnson  County,  near  and  at  Knobnoster,  are  numerous  iron 
oxide  concretions  in  sandstone  ;  also  at  Warrensburgh,  as  developed 
in  the  railroad  excavations  at  these  places. 

Similar  concretionary  forms  occur  in  the  sandstone  on  Grand 
River,  Carroll  County,  below  the  mouth  of  Hurricane  Creek,  and 
are  quite  numerous  in  sandstone  south  of  Nevada,  Vernon  County. 
But  at  neither  of  these  places  have  I  found  the  ore  sufficiently  abun- 
dant for  working. 

Soft  ochre  concretions,  generally  yellow  or  brown,  often  occur  in 


150  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

the  shales  of  the  coal-measures,  and  sometimes  in  considerable 
quantities.  They  probably  will  only  be  useful  for  making  ochre 
paints. 

SPATHIC   ORES. 

Under  this  head  are  found  occasional  lenticular  bands  of  Iron  ore 
(carbonate]  and  Septaria.  The  latter  is  generally  found  in  beds  of 
bituminous  shales,  and  is  often  pyritiferous.  Its  color  is  dark-blue 
or  black,  with  a  network  of  calcareous  veins  ramifying  both  from 
near  the  centre  and  around  the  centre. 

On  the  Marmaton,  five  miles  north  of  Nevada  and  near  the  foot  of 
Brushy  Mound,  Vernon  County,  I  observed  several  good  bands  of 
carbonate  of  iron,  very  near  to  thick  coal-beds.  The  bands  are 
about  4  inches  thick.  At  Gilkerson's  Ford,  on  Grand  River,  five 
miles  south  of  Clinton,  Henry  County,  the  shales  contain  tolerably 
thick  concretions  of  carbonate  of  iron,  generally  enclosing  plant 
remains,  Ferns,  cordaites,  &c.  Thick  coal-beds  also  occur  at  this 
place.  The  iron  ore  weathers  red,  is  ash-colored  within,  streak  gray 
or  brownish-gray. 

At  Jackson's  Mill,  Henry  County,  a  6  inch  bed  of  carbonate  and 
sulphuret  of  iron  rests  on  a  9-inch  pyritiferous  rock.  On  the  creek, 
three  miles  east  of  Clinton,  Henry  County,  are  lenticular  and  con- 
cretionary masses  of  carbonate  of  iron,  in  some  places  a  foot  thick, 
and  in  concretionary  forms  I  to  3  feet  long. 

Thin  layers  of  carbonate  of  iron  occur  in  the  shales  near 
Windsor,  but  in  insufficient  quantities  to  work. 

In  Carroll  County,  three  miles  above  White  Rock,  are  7  feet  of 
shales,  with  concretionary  beds  of  iron  ore,  which,  near  the  upper 
part,  are  ochrey,  with  carbonates  ;  the  lower  6  inches  has  some 
septaria  concretions.  The  carbonate  is  bluish  to  snuff-colored,  with 
gray  or  chocolate-colored  streak.  Some  of  the  ochre  is  soft-brown, 
banded.  Fossils  occur,  including  Disema,  Lingula  and  Productus 
Prattenianus. 

On  Grand  River,  near  Little  Compton,  Carroll  County,  several 
layers  of  carbonate  of  iron  are  exposed  in  the  bluffs,  thus  :— 

Section  155.' — No.  I — Shales,  with  sandstones  and  limestones 
above  them. 

13 — 4^  feet  dark -blue  shales  with  yellow  streaks. 

14 — 10  feet  shales. 

15 — i  foot  6  inches  very  dark-blue  shales. 


ECONOMIC  GEOLOGY  OF  THE  COAL-MEASURES.          151 

16 — I  foot  layers  ofiron-stone  with  shaly  partings. 
17—20  inches  dark  shales. 
1 8 — 5  feet  white  and  blue  clay. 
19 — 4  feet  shales  and  sandy  iron-stone. 

20 — 4  inches  brown,  weathering  to  dark-brown,  carbonate  of  iron 
ore  :  streak,  chocolate-brown,  to  the  water  in  Grand  River. 

FIG.  57. 


SECTION      155. 
ON    GR.AND   (OVER.,  NEAa  L.COMPTEN    v   CAR.ROLL    CO    . 

Several  of  the  above-named  localities  contain  a  good  quality  of 
iron  ore,  in  sufficient  quantities  to  mine  and  ship  off  to  mix  with  other 
ores,  but  not  enough  to  pay  for  constructing  and  operating  furnaces 
in  their  vicinity. 

One  and  a  quarter  miles  south  of  Princeton,  Mercer  County,  is  a 
4-inch  bed  of  carbonate  of  iron  ;  fracture,  dark  grayish-blue  ;  streak 
gray  ;  outer  crust  brown,  with  streak  chocolate-brown  ;  occurs  in 
lenticular  forms  in  the  shales  of  73  of  General  Section. 

This  may  prove  a  band  of  some  value.  Near  Winston  (one  mile 
west),  observed  a  2  to  4-inch  band  of  carbonate  of  iron,  color  blue, 
weathering  to  dirty  drab  with  gray  streak.  Its  position  is  just  over 
coal  No.  123  of  General  Section. 

The  shale-beds  at  Weston,  4  miles  below  and  3  miles  above,  con- 
tain many  concretions  of  carbonate  of  iron,  including  many  of 
septaria.  Specimens  collected  four  miles  below  are  bluish-brown 


1 52  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-  WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

within,  weathering  brown;  streak,  chocolate-brown.  At  Weston 
are  bright-brown  concretionary  beds  with  brown  streak,  mostly 
from  No.  125,  but  some  from  a  higher  position.  Three  miles  above 
Weston  are  found  many  loose  fragments  and  concretions  of  carbon- 
ate of  iron,  which  seem  to  occur  in  considerable  quantity,  but  were 
so  covered  with  shaly  debris  that  it  was  impossible  to  arrive  at  any 
correct  conclusion  as  to  whether  there  was  enough  to  search  after. 
The  ore  at  this  place  seems  to  originate  from  Nos.  125,  127  and 
136.  A  very  pretty  specimen  of  septaria  was  obtained  here;  its 
streak  is  light  chocolate-brown  ;  it  is  traversed  by  deep  flesh-col- 
ored heavy-spar  veins.  Above  Jatan  septaria  2  inches  in  diameter 
weather  out  from  shales  of  the  same  geological  horizon  as  those  at 
Weston  ;  color  dark-brown  weathering  red  ;  streak  chocolate-brown  ; 
ramified  by  veins  of  red  heavy-spar  and  white  calcite. 

At  City  Bluffs,  on  Nodaway  River,  Nodaway  County,  are  con- 
cretionary beds  of  septaria  /  inches  in  diameter,  ramified  by 
numerous  calcite  veins. 

No.  220  contains  an  apparently  good  bed  of  grayish-blue  spathic 
iron,  streak  light-gray.  It  is  about  4  inches  thick  and  occurs  at  the 
lower  part  of  220.  This  is  found  from  one  mile  below  Forest  City 
4:o  about  a  mile  and  a  half  above.  It  is  also  found  at  Quitman, 
Nodaway  County,  and  at  other  places  in  that  vicinity,  and  at  Allen's 
coal-bank  in  the  north  part  of  Nodaway  County.  At  the  latter  place 
it  is  fibrous,  the  fibres  being  perpendicular  to  the  plane  of  the 
limestone  bed,  2  inches  thick  and  resting  on  the  limestone. 

Similar  fibrous  mineral  occurs  at  the  top  of  No.  188,  in  thickness 
2  to  4  inches,  sometimes  in  the  form  of  cone-in-cone.  Fibrous  car- 
bonates are  also  found  associated  with  No.  152,  both  at  the  top  and 
bottom. 

The  report  on  the  Coal-measures  near  the  Pacific  Railroad,  written 
last  winter,  contains  an  account  of  the  carbonate  of  iron  beds  on 
Clear  Fork  and  Walnut  Creek,  and  the  ochre  beds  at  and  near 
Knobnoster  ;  all  valuable  deposits. 

Extensive  deposits  of  brown  hematite  were  observed  at  several 
places  near  Brownville,  in  Saline  County,  occupying  the  horizon  of 
the  chert-beds  at  the  top  of  the  lower  carboniferous  rocks. 

Paint  Stuffs— Red  Ochre  Clays.— At  C.  McGuilliam's  Mill,  Holt 
County,  is  a  2-feet  bed  of  rough-feeling  red  clay  which  colors  brick- 
red. 


ECONOMIC  GEOLOGY  OF  THE  COAL-MEASURES.          153 

At  Amazonia,  and  better  developed  one  mile  north  on  the 
Savannah  road,  is  4  feet  of  smooth,  deep  brick-red  clay.  Its  geo- 
logical position  is  No.  139  of  the  Gen.  Sec.  It  is  seen  on  the 
Rochester  road,  three  miles  east  of  Savannah  ;  below  St.  Joseph 
one  mile,  and  also  at  12  miles,  near  Block's  Mills,  and  three  miles 
above  Weston,  and  5  feet  thick  on  Island  Branch,  Gentry  County, 
I  consider  it  valuable  as  a  paint  clay. 

No.  130  also  contains  a  red  ochre;  it  is  found  one  mile  below 
St.  Joseph.  These  beds  are  doubtless  continuous  for  many  miles, 
and  may  be  found  at  most  intermediate  points  between  their  distant 
outcrops. 

On  South  Big  Creek,  Daviess  County,  five  miles  west  of  Gallatin, 
there  is  exposed  2^  feet  of  thinly  laminated,  smooth  red  clay.  At 
Trenton,  Grundy  County,  we  find  one  foot  of  bright,  deep-red  clay. 

Probably  of  similar  geological  age  to  the  last,  is  that  at  Collier's 
Mill  and  vicinity.  At  the  mill,  in  6^  feet  of  shaly  slope,  is  exposed 
an  outcrop  of  red  clay  ;  stains  a  deep  red.  In  the  same  neighbor- 
hood, on  W.  y^,  of  the  S.  W.  quarter,  Section  29,  T.  58,  R.  22,  is 
a  paler  red  shale. 

Another  seam  of  red  clay  is  also  sometimes  found  below  No.  96, 
which  is  said  to  make  an  excellent  "  fire-proof  paint."  It  occurs 
near  Hickman's  Mills,  in  Jackson  County,  also  at  Independence 
Landing,  east  of  Liberty,  and  near  Parkville. 

Six  miles  south  of  Lexington,  on  the  Greenton  road,  is  I  foot 
outcrop  of  deep-red  clay  shale.  The  same  bed  was  observed  at 
Missouri  City,  Clay  County,  in  the  bluff  above  the  town  and  in  the 
road  at  Hunt's  Mill,  Jackson  County,  where  it  is  2  feet  thick.  It 
would  form  a  good  material  for  dark-red  paint.  Its  geological  po- 
sition is  about  5  feet  below  No.  74  of  the  General  Section. 

About  50  feet  above  the  Lexington  coal  we  find,  in  Lafayette  and 
Ray  Counties,  about  5  or  6  feet  of  light-red  shales  streaked  with 
green.  This  was  observed  at  Lexington,  at  several  places  near 
Richmond,  and  on  the  Missouri  bluffs,  near  the  east  county  line  of 
Ray  County.  Its  geological  position  is  about  No.  60  of  the  Middle 
and  Lower  Coal  Section. 

Another  purplish-red  band  occurs  in  No.  66.  At  Strasburgh, 
Cass  County,  it  is  intercalated  with  10  feet  of  olive  shales.  It  was 
also  seen  on  Blackwater,  in  the  west  part  of  Johnson  County. 

The  same  bed  of  red  clay  shales  was  also  observed  one  mile  south- 


154  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

east  of  Oak  Grove,  near  the  line  of  Jackson  and  Lafayette  Counties. 
This  bed  is  sometimes  too  sandy  for  a  paint,  but  when  found  as  a  pure 
clay  would  make  a  good  dark-red  paint.  About  1 5  feet  below  the 
Lexington  coal-bed  we  also  find,  at  Lexington  and  on  the  Little 
Sniabar,  about  5  feet  of  light-red  shales,  which  may  sometimes 
answer  the  purpose  of  a  light-red  ochre. 

In  the  above  list  are  included  ten  different  red-ochre  beds  as  ob- 
served at  26  different  localities,  making  an  aggregate  thickness  of  from 
30  to  35  feet.  I  have  not  tested  them  with  oil,  but  find  that  most 
of  them  will,  when  mixed  with  water,  stain  a  dark,  pretty  red  ;  a 
color  very  suitable  for  painting  station-houses,  cars  and  barns. 
None  of  the  above-named  beds  have  as  yet  been  practically  used, 
yet  we  see  that  we  have  inexhaustible  supplies. 

Yellow  Ochres. 

In  my  Report  on  the  country  adjacent  to  the  Pacific  Railroad  will 
be  found  a  notice  of  the  ochre  beds  of  Knobnoster  and  vicinity, 
which  are  by  far  the  most  important  yellow  ochres  in  Western  Mis- 
souri ;  other  localities  are  the  following  :— 

At  Rockport,  Atchison  County,  we  find  15  inches  of  blue  and 
olive  shales,  mostly  banded  olive  and  yellow,  with  but  few  laminae  of 
blue. 

Near  Milton,  Atchison  County,  I  observed  i^  feet  of  bright  yel- 
low ochre;  in  the  bed  it  has  more  of  an  olive  tinge,  but  stains  bright 
yellow  ;  it  is  overlaid  by  a  lO-inch  band  of  soft  yellow  limestone 
and  is  underlaid  by  4  inches  to  one  foot  of  red  shales.  In  Platte 
County,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  above  Farley,  I  observed  4  to  8  inches 
of  a  rough  yellow  ochre  just  beneath  No.  108. 

A  mile  west  of  Winston,  Daviess  County,  No.  121  is  found  to 
contain  a  one-foot  intercalated  bed  of  rough,  brownish  yellow 
ochre,  which  is  probably  calcareous. 

On  the  banks  of  Big  Creek,  below  Pattonsburgh,  Daviess  County, 
we  find  3  feet  of  bright  yellow  ochre  mixed  with  nodules  of  limestone  ; 
its  geological  position  is  just  below  No.  78  of  the  General  Section. 

On  Luther  Collier's  land,  near  Collier's  Mill,  Livingston  County, 
a  shaft  for  coal  exposes  the  following  : — 

No.  i — 10  feet  clay. 

2 — 10  feet  thinly  laminated  blue  and  buff  clay  shales  with  bands 
of  yellow  ochre. 


ECONOMIC  GEOLOGY  OF  THE  COAL-MEASURES.          155 

3 — 4  inches  yellow  ochre  ;  shade  bright. 

At  William  Leaton's,  on  Grand  River,  near  the  south  line  of  Liv- 
ingston County,  is  6  inches  brown  ochre,  full  of  selenite  crystals  ; 
shade  bright  yellow. 

At  Herriman's,  4  miles  south  of  Chillicothe,  is  a  deep  olive-yellow 
ochre,  shading  to  amber-colored  clay. 

In  Carroll  County,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  west  of  Hardwick's  Mill, 
is  an  outcrop  of  shales,  mostly  blue  wi  h  yellow  ochre  bands,  yel- 
low predominating  near  the  lower  part.  The  yellow  is  smooth,  soft, 
and  of  a  bright  shade. 

At  Rocky  Ford,  on  Waconda  River,  near  the  west  line  of  Carroll 
County,  are  4  feet  of  mostly  yellow  ochre  shales  interlaminated  with 
blue  ;  shade  a  bright  yellow. 

In  Kansas  City  is  found  2  to  3  feet  of  yellow  ochrey  clay  just  over- 
lying No.  87.  It  is  probably  calcareous,  but  shades  to  a  bright 
yellow. 

In  the  railroad  cut,  I  ^  miles  east  of  Aullville,  Lafayette  County, 
the  Lexington  coal  is  overlaid  by  5  inches  of  bright  yellow  sandy 
ochre.  On  the  creek  3  miles  east  of  Clinton,  Henry  County,  I  ob- 
served one  foot  of  clay  with  yellow  ochre. 

At  Brownsville,  Saline  County,  we  find  on  the  horizon  of  the 
chert-beds  which  occupy  the  upper  part  of  the  lower  carboniferous 
rocks  at  this  place,  patches  of  deep  brick-red  and  smooth,  bright 
yellow  ochre.  These  beds  seem  to  be  exposed  at  most  places  where 
openings  have  been  made  in  the  ravines.  We  may  estimate  the 
beds  as  at  least  one  foot  in  thickness. 

ZINC. 

Sulphuret  of  zinc  was  often  observed  contained  in  the  interior  of 
concretions  of  Septaria.  Beautiful  examples  of  this  were  obtained  in 
a  carbonaceous  rock  on  Sugar  Creek,  Buchanan  County,  near  Platte 
County  line.  At  Hughes'  mines,  near  Richmond,  in  Ray  County, 
sulphuret  of  zinc  occurs  in  the  limestone  overlying  the  coal.  Minute 
crystals  were  observed  associated  with  carbonate  of  lime  in  the  in- 
terior of  a  fossil  near  Forest  City. 

On  Dog  Creek,  Nodaway  County,  it  was  found  in  calcite  veins  in 
limestone  No.  196  ;  in  concretions  of  carbonate  of  iron,  at  Gilker 
son  Ford,  on  Grand  River,  Henry  County  ;  in  similar  concretions  a 


156  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTER]**,  MISSOURI. 

Williamson's  coal-mines  near  Windsor,  Henry  County.  Small  crys- 
tals were  seen  in  limestone  No.  80  at  Amo's,  Jackson  County. 

Beautiful  crystals  of  Aragonite  were  obtained  on  the  Greenton 
road,  six  miles  south  of  Lexington,  attached  to  limestone  No.  74. 

Gypsum. — Crystals  of  selenite  were  found  in  a  2-feet  clay  bed  on 
Grand  River,  Trenton,  Grundy  County,  also  in  a  similar  position  on 
Grand  River  in  the  north-east  part  of  Carroll  County  ;  and  near  Mr. 
Elijah  Cook's,  Johnson  County,  they  were  found  diffused  throughout 
5  feet  of  shales. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

GEOLOGICAL   REPORT   ON  THE   COUNTRY  ADJACENT   TO 

THE   PACIFIC    RAILROAD,    FROM   SEDALIA   TO 

KANSAS    CITY. 

PREFATORY  REMARKS. 

THE  following  report  is  the  result  of  examinations  made  mostly 
in  October  and  November,  1871,  with  a  view  to  obtain  a  horizontal 
section  of  the  rocks,  between  the  places  above  named,  connecting 
the  lower  carboniferous,  and  the  lower  and  upper  coal-measures. 
The  observations  were  confined  mostly  to  within  from  4  to  10  miles 
of  the  railroad.  That  part  included  between  Pleasant  Hill  and 
Kansas  City  is  mainly  compiled  from  personal  observations  made  at 
various  times  within  the  past  few  years. 

Pettis  County,  west  of  Sedalia. — The  lowest  observed  rock  I 
refer  to  the  age  of  the  1st  Magnesian  limestone.*  The  next  more 
recent  has  been  known  as  the  Cooper  marble,  and  I  shall  so  dis- 
tinguish it  in  this  report.  Still  above,  we  have  a  part  of  the  group 
known  in  Prof.  Hall's  and  Prof.  Swallow's  Reports  of  Western 
Geology  as  the  "  Chemung ;  "  in  the  Illinois  reports  of  Worthen 
and  Meek,  and  the  Iowa  reports  of  White  and  St.  John,  as  the 
"  Kinderhook  Group."  This  is  only  represented  near  Sedalia  by 
the  Chouteau  limestone  of  Prof.  Swallow.  Above  this  we  find  a 
part  of  the  lower,  and  then  of  the  upper  carboniferous. 

In  the  north-west  corner  of  Section  12,  T.  45,  R.  23,  is  exposed 
five  feet  of  buff  and  drab  1st  Magnesian  limestone  containing 
chert.  Above  this  and  resting  on  it  is  five  feet  of  close-grained  drab 
magnesian  limestone,  part  of  it  dark  bluish  gray  with  particles  of 
calcite  ;  this  rock  I  suppose  to  be  the  equivalent  of  the  Cooper 
marble. 

*  Missouri  Geol.  Surv.     Second  Annual  Rep. 


I  58  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-  WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

Lying  in  the  creek  and  in  near  proximity  to  the  lower  limestone- 
beds,  and  on  the  same  horizon,  is  a  mass  of  coarse  sandstone,  whose 
proper  geological  horizon  I  could  not  determine  with  certainty,  but 
I  presume  that  it  has  been  deposited  in  a  valley  of  erosion  subse- 
quent to  the  above-named  limestones.  Chert  occurs  on  the  hills 
above.  North  of  this,  on  Big  Muddy,  are  found  rocks  of  more 
recent  formation, — showing  a  dip  northward.  Lower  down-stream 
the  Chouteau  limestone  is  found,  and  two  and  a  half  miles  south-east 
of  Dresden  it  is  found  near  the  hill-top,  with  older  rocks  below.  At 
this  place  the 

1st  Magnesian  Limestone 

rises  34  feet  above  the  water,  and  is  well  marked.  Its  general 
color  is  buff,  and  it  contains  some  whitish  and  gray  chert  and  a  few 
red  bands.  I  collected  a  (local)  specimen,  of  a  beautiful  pink  color, 
coarsely  crystalline,  with  some  pearly  crystals  which  seem  to  be 
dolomite. 

Resting  on  the  Magnesian  limestone  at  this  place  we  find  the 

Cooper  Marble. 

Of  this  there  is  nine  to  fourteen  feet  of  a  compact  drab  limestone, 
clouded  with  slightly  darker  shades,  and  containing  specks  of  cal- 
cite.  At  one  place  it  is  a  very  uniform  drab,  with  many  minute 
specks  of  calcite  disseminated.  No  fossils  were  observed  by  which 
to  identify  its  correct  geological  age.  The  rock  below  it  undoubt- 
edly belongs  to  the  1st  Magnesian  limestone,  and  it  is  capped  by 
14  feet  of  Chouteau  limestone.  The  hill  is  97  feet  high. 

The  rocks  here  seem  to  occupy  a  low  anticlinal  axis.  For  two 
miles  up-stream  the  Chouteau  limestone  is  at  the  water-edge,  and 
four  miles  down-stream  3  feet  of  Cooper  marble  is  seen  at  the  base 
of  the  hill.  At  the  latter  place  it  is  a  fine-grained  drab  limestone, 
traversed  by  minute  veins  and  specks  of  magnesian  carbonate  of 
lime,  and  admits  of  a  fine  polish. 

Chouteau  Limestone. 

On  the  bluffs  of  the  Muddy,  in  centre  of  Sec.  19,  T.  46,  R.  21,  we 
have  : — 

No.  I — 15  feet  slope  from  hill-top. 
2 — 15  feet  cherty  slope. 


GEOLOGY  FROM  SEDALIA   TO  KANSAS  CITY.  159 

3 — 52  feet  of  dull  drab  compact  limestone,  with  concretions  of 
chert  and  compact  quartz,  with  a  bed  of  bluish-drab  subcrystal- 
line  limestone  near  the  upper  part,  in  which  occur  a  few  fossils. 

4 — 32  feet  of  dove  and  drab-colored  limestone,  with  some  veins 
and  concretions  of  calcite. 

5 — 3  feet  Cooper  marble. 

In  the  above  descriptive  section  we  have  84  feet  of  undoubted 
Chouteau  limestone,  with  15  feet  of  cherty  slope  above,  which  lat- 
ter may  probably  be  also  referred  to  this  group  ;  this  would  make 
99  feet  of  Chouteau  limestone,  which  is  probably  its  greatest  thick- 
ness in  this  vicinity.  In  No.  3,  Bryozoa  (probably  Gorgonia) 
abounds  throughout  its  upper  beds.  Other  fossils  obtained  were 
Spirifer  Marionensis,  CJwnetes  ornata,  two  small  species  of  spiny 
Producti,  Spirifer  lineatus,  a  Terebratula,  Pernopecten  (Entoliuni), 
S/inuiardana,  and  a  small  Ortliis.  In  the  lower  beds  are  fucoidal 
remains. 

These  strata  prevail  for  two  miles  north  of  Sedalia.  On  ex- 
posure they  become  of  a  drab  color.  Some  of  the  chert  is  beauti- 
fully variegated  white  and  dove-colored,  and  is  traversed  by  minute 
calcite  veins.  Bryozoans  are  diffused  throughout. 

RJiyncJionella  Cooperensis  and  Spirifer  Marionensis  are  occasion-* 
ally  found.     I  also  obtained  a  small  univalve,  which  may  probably 
be  a  Murchisonia. 

Chert,  limestone  and  buff  shales  are  sometimes  interstratified. 

Quarries  of  thick-bedded,  compact  bluish-drab  limestone  are 
opened  at  several  places  on  the  Sedalia  and  Georgetown  road.  At 
one  of  these  I  observed  several  vertical  cracks  or  joints.  One  ex- 
hibited a  vertical  length  of  15  feet,  the  adjacent  rock  closely 
appressed,  yet  there  was  a  well-marked  weathered  band  a  foot  in 
width  on  each  side  of  the  crack. 

North  of  Georgetown,  at  the  railroad  bridge  on  the  Muddy,  the 
Chouteau  beds  appear  in  the  creek,  and  for  about  25  feet  up  the 
bluffs,  of  a  compact,  dark,  uneven  drab  color,  containing  concre- 
tionary and  other  forms  of  calcite  sparingly  diffused.  Following  up 
the  Little  Muddy  for  several  miles,  we  find  from  3  to  15  feet  of  the 
upper  Chouteau  beds  exposed  along  the  bluffs,  mostly  free  from 
chert,  and  in  thick,  even  strata,  with  but  few  fossils,  only  remains  of 
Bryozoans,  and  rarely  Spirifer  Marionensis,  with  an  occasional  cal- 
cite concretion. 


1 60  GEOLOC Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

Within  two  miles  of  Dresden  this  group  disappears  beneath  the, 
Burlington  beds. 

South  of  Dresden  the  Chouteau  limestone  is  found  in  the  ravines 
and  on  the  bluffs  of  the  Muddy.  I  here  obtained  a  fossil  which  I 
am  inclined  to  refer  to  Poteriocriuus  Meckianns  of  Shumard.  Two 
and  a  half  miles  south-west  of  Dresden  I  obtained  from  the  top  beds 
a  Euomplialus,  a  ZapJirentis  and  a  Ckemnitzia(t). 

BURLINGTON    LIMESTONE. 

This  is  the  next  group  seen  in  the  ascending  order. 

The  lower  strata,  formed  of  a  coarse,  buff,  brown  and  gray,  close- 
grained  limestone,  appear  on  a  branch  2^/2  miles  south-west  of 
Dresden  ;  the  lower  2  feet,  a  whitish-gray,  close-grained  limestone, 
reposes  directly  on  the  Chouteau  limestone.  In  the  brown  beds  we 

obtained  Euomplialus  latits,  Spirifer ,  Ortlds  Mitchcllini  and 

remains  of  Crinoidece. 

On  the  Little  Muddy,  2  miles  north-east  of  Dresden,  we  have,  1st, 
20  feet  of  gray  limestone,  the  upper  part  white,  middle  brown,  some- 
what shelly,  with  many  Crinoid  stems,  the  lower  part  fine-grained 
and  suture-jointed.  ZapJirentis  ?  is  found  near  the  middle  and  Spiri- 

••fer in  the  lower  part.     Below  this  there  is  20  feet  slope  to  the 

creek,    in  which  I  observed  the  Chouteau   limestone.     One   mile 
further  down  the  stream  the  Section  is  thus  : — 

I — 10  feet  cherty  slope. 

2 — 29  feet  mostly  coarse  gray,  shelly,  crinoidal  limestone. 

3 — 9  feet  thick  beds  of  gray  limestone,  inclining  to  buff. 

4 — 8  feet  Chouteau  limestone. 

The  railroad  excavations  near  Georgetown  show,  ist,  soil ;  2d, 
chert  ;  mostly  irregularly  arranged  ;  much  of  it  tumbled  in  with 
red  clay. 

3 — 8  feet  yellowish  shaly  sandstone,  with  chert  concretions. 

4 — 4  feet  gray  limestone,  with  many  Crinoid  stems,  and  inter- 
stratified  with  red  clay. 

5 — 3  feet  rough  concretionary  chert-bed,  with  buff  shaly  partings  ; 
is  interstratified  with  brown  limestone  which  contains  chert  concre- 
tions. 

6 — Coarse  crystalline  bluish-gray  limestone,  with  ZapJirentis 
centralis,  Orthis  Sivallovi,  Or.  Mitchellini,  Or.  Mitcliellini,  var. 
Burlingtonensis,  Spirifer  Grimesii,  &c. 


GEOLOGY  FROM  SEDALIA  TO  KANSAS  CITY. 


161 


In  the  railroad  cut  on  the  north  side  of  the  Muddy  similar  beds 
appear,  abounding  in  Crinoidete.  The  strata  here  are  much  broken, 
as  appears  from  the  following  sketch  .- 

Fig.  5s. 


WITKREO  ILIMEJCMERT!  TUMBLED  ;  OREEN  CLAY     |  GRAY   ;  HfAVY  :CLA 


SECTION    IN     R.    *..  CUT    t    MILE     N.    OF    GEORGETOWN 
PETTIS    CO   . 

Gray  limestone  with  crinoidal  remains  is  found  in  the  creek  north 
of  Dresden.  I  also  obtained  here  Productus  Flemingii,  var.  Bur- 
lingtonensis.  The  Burlington  beds  in  this  vicinity  are  not  over  50 
feet  in  thickness. 

CHERT-BEDS. 

Above  the  Burlington  beds,  just  described,  are  found  loose  de- 
posits of  chert,  nowhere  seen  in  regular  strata  in  place,  but  in  large 
tumbled  masses,  evidently  very  close  to  their  place  of  deposit.  In 
the  creek  north  of  Dresden  were  obtained  the  following  fossils,  viz.  : 
Hemipronites  umbraculum,  Chonetes  Shumardana,  Spirifer  (like 
Sp.  Lcidyi),  Spirifer  (near  Forbesii),  the  pygidium  of  a  Phillipsia, 
2  species  of  Capulus  and  Archimedes. 

These  chert-beds  may  be  20  feet  thick.  Above  them  is  found  15 
to  20  feet  of  clay,  mostly  olive  or  white,  sometimes  slightly  red 
tinged.  There  was  no  guide  by  which  I  could  determine  the  proper 
geological  horizon  o£  these  clay  beds.  They  are  evidently  near  the 
top  of  the  lower  carboniferous  rocks.  Masses  of  chert  were  some- 
times seen  lying  above,  but  these  are  evidently  the  result  of  local- 
drift  agency.  The  value  of  the  clay  is  economically  important,  for 
it  is  very  much  used  in  making  pottery.  Important  beds  of  these 
clays  occur  on  and  near  Little  Muddy,  north  of  Dresden,  and  two 

and  a  half  miles  south-west  of  Dresden. 
II 


162  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

SANDSTONE. 

In  the  railroad  cut  west  of  Muddy  we  have  : — 
I  — 15  feet  soil  and  clays. 
2 — 6  feet  cherty  beds. 

3—4  feet  buff  inclining  to  drab  micaceous  sandstone.  South  of 
Lamonte  two  miles,  this  sandstone  is  seen  about  20  feet  in  thick- 
ness. 

A  summary  of  the  above  would  indicate  : — 

i — Sandstone .' 20  feet. 

2 — Chert  and  clays 30    " 

3 — Burlington  limestone 5°    " 

4 — Chouteau  do        99    " 

5 — Cooper  marble 14    " 

6 — First  magnesian  limestone 34    " 

Total — 247  feet  of  rocks  below  the 

COAL  MEASURES. 

In  my  examinations  in  Pettis  County  sufficient  data  were  not 
obtained  to  construct  a  complete  section.  More  extended  observa- 
tions to  the  north-west  might  disclose  the  proper  connecting  links. 

A  short  distance  on  the  south  side  of  the  Pacific  Railroad,  about 
one  and  a  half  miles  west  of  Sedalia,  a  patch  of  coal  was  noted 
occupying  a  shallow  depression  in  the  Chouteau  limestone.  Its 
proper  thickness  could  not  be  obtained.  Some  work  has  formerly 
been  done  here,  but  at  present  the  pit  is  filled  up. 

In  the  S.  W.  %  of  the  S.  W.  ^  Sec.  10,  T.  45,  R-  22,  there  is  a 
similar  coal  deposit  on  the  land  of  Harrison  Haley.  The  pits  were 
full  of  water  and  no  coal  could  be  seen,  but  from  the  present  appear- 
ances the  deposit  seems  rather  irregular,  thinning  out  eastwardly 
down  the  branch  and  thickening  to  the  west.  Chouteau  limestone 
appears  in  the  branch  just  below  the  eastern  outcrop  ;  and  175  feet 
west  it  is  20  feet  below  the  surface,  and  the  coal  (according  to  Mr. 
Haley)  is  20  feet  thick.  The  coal  is  of  a  dull  black  color,  and  has, 
intercalated,  a  good  deal  of  iron  pyrites.  A  species  of  calamite  was 
obtained  from  the  coal. 

In  the  adjoining  forty-acre  tract  north,  being  the  N.  W.  ^  °f  the 
S.  W.  y±  Sec.  10,  T.  45,  R.  22,  on  the  land  of  G.  W.  Ewers,  are 
beds  of  coal-measure  rocks  in  which  a  shaft  was  being  sunk,  of  which 


GEOLOGY  FROM  SEDALIA  TO  KANSAS  CITY.  163 

the  following  Section  was  obtained  from  the  workmen.     I  would 
state  that  it  was  partly  verified  by  the  specimens  collected  : — 

i — 6  feet  clay  and  local  drift. 

2 — 3  feet  dark  laminated  clay. 

3 — 4  feet  soft,  light  gray  sandstone. 

4 — 6  feet  dark  sandy  shale. 

5 — 2  feet  sandy  pyritiferous  beds. 

6 — 2^/2  feet  black  slate. 

7 — 6  inches  black  slate,  containing  impressions  and  remains  of 
plants,  including  Cordaitcs,  Ferns,  Lepidostrobus  ?  and  crystals  of 
iron  pyrites. 

8 — 4  feet  soft  gray  sandy  bed,  passing  from  a  shale  to  a  sandy 
conglomerate. 

9 — i  foot  3  inches  pyritiferous  bed. 

10 — Bituminous  coal. 

This  shaft  is  located  on  a  hillside  at  the  edge  of  a  ravine  sloping 
15°  to  20°  S.  E.  Seventy-five  feet  S.  E.  a  pit  was  sunk  16  feet  to 
coal,  and  50  feet  further  east  the  coal  is  4  feet  below  the  surface. 
The  workmen  informed  me  that  they  drilled  8  feet  into  the  coal 
without  passing  through  it.  Chert  is  found  strewn  on  the  hilltop 
above.  It  may  be  that  this  bed  connects  with  Haley's,  but  it  is  on 
much  higher  ground.  The  area  of  extent  could  only  be  determined 
by  borings.  It  may  yet  be  found  at  other  places  in  this  vicinity. 

The  above,  although  true  coal-beds,  are  not  connected  with  the 
main  regular  fields.  We  come  next  to  speak  of  these. 

At  Monroe  Thompson's  in  S.  E.  %  of  the  N.  E.  ^  Sec.  8,  T.  46, 
R.  22,  there  is  about  two  feet  of  bituminous  coal  covered  with  dark 
semi-bituminous  shales,  which  are  sometimes  variegated  and  often 
pyritiferous.  The  coal  also  contains  some  iron  pyrites  and  has  a 
blue  and  buff  underclay.  Brown  shales  appear  above  the  overlying 
dark  shales.  A  quarter  of  a  mile  west  we  find  10  feet  of  drab  and 
yellow  ochrey  shales,  some  of  which  are  slightly  purple-tinged  ; 
beneath,  are  a  few  feet  of  shaly  sandstone  with  thin  coal  laminae.* 

Coal  is  found  in  the  creek  at  Whitfield's,  4  miles  north  of  Lamonte, 
overlaid  by  dark  blue  clay  shales  containing  Stigmaria  ficoides.  A 
half  mile  west  we  have — 

*  Eastward,  a  half  mile  down  the  creek,  is  an  outcrop  of  sandstone,  which  is  probably 
lower  carboniferous.  Thompson's  coal  must  therefore  be  about  the  lower  part  of  the  coal 
series. 


1 64  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

I — Sandstone  with  lower  slope  of  10  feet. 

2 — Dark  shales. 

3 — Bituminous  shales. 

4 — 4  inches  yellow  ochrey  shales. 

5 — 10  inches  semi-bituminous  shale. 

South,  one  mile  up  the  creek,  at  A.  B.  Gardner's,  we  observed  — 

i — 5  feet  of  fine-grained  ferruginous  sandstone,  some  of  it  red- 
stained. 

2—2  feet  dove-colored  fire-clay. 

3 — i  foot  coal,  containing  a  portion  of  a  peculiar-looking  unde- 
scribed  plant,  the  surface  of  which  is  covered  with  iron  pyrites. 

A  half-mile  further  south,  at  Gardner's  well,  I  obtained  from  a 
gray  sandstone,  portions  of  large-sized  trunks  of  trees  ;  one  fragment 
41/2  inches  in  diameter,  with  the  appearance  of  a  central  axis  or  pith 
about  y^  of  an  inch  in  diameter  surrounded  by  a  ^  inch  band. 
Another  similar  but  smaller  specimen  shows  an  elliptic  cross-section 
!^  x  y&  inch,  having  also  a  small  central  axis  with  exterior  bands — 
surface  black.  It  is  with  doubt  that  I  refer  these  plants  to  the  genus 
Caulopteris.  Other  specimens  were  here  obtained,  consisting  of 
Cordaites,  carbonaceous  remains  and  fragments  of  coal  sparingly 
diffused  through  the  sandstone. 

At  Wood  Ray's,  two  miles  west,  is — 

i — 6  feet  light-brown  sandstone  with  remains  of  Sigillaria,  Cala- 
mites  and  Cordaites. 

2 — S%  feet  thinly  laminated  clay  shales  with  dark,  dull-blue,  irre- 
gular shaped  pyritiferous  nodules. 

3 — 6  inches  bituminous  shales  with  many  remains  of  Solenomya 
radiata  and  Lingula. 

4 — Bituminous  coal. 

A  half-mile  north-east  Cordaites  and  ferns  are  quite  abundant  in 
clay  shales.  Coal  lies  just  below. 

At  Sol.  Sandridge's,  3  miles  N.  W.  of  Lamonte — 

i — Sandy  shaly  slope. 

2 — i  foot  of  bituminous  coal. 

3 — Thin  laminae  of  bituminous  shale  with  remains  of  plants. 

4 — 4  feet  light-gray  fire-clay,  slightly  sandy. 

5 — 3  feet  dark  ash-blue  sandy  shales. 

6—2  feet  dark-blue  fire  clay — thin  laminae  with  remains  of  plants. 

A,  miarter  of  a  mil^  ^n=f  a  3  foot  bed  of  coal  is  said  to  have  been 


GEOLOGY  FROM  SEDALIA  TO  KANSAS  CITY. 


I65 


found,  in  digging  a  well.  In  the  adjacent  ravine  are  found  tumbled 
masses  of  bluish  drab  limestone  and  septaria. 

The  most  important  coal  mines  observed  in  the  county  were 
those  of  Newport  and  Westlake,  near  the  Pacific  Railroad,  about 
half-way  from  Dresden  to  Lamonte.  The  two  shafts  are  on  differ- 
ent tracts,  about  100  yards  apart,  and  represent  the  same  bed. 

The  Newport  shaft  is  about  35  feet  deep,  and  sunk  on  the  hill- 
side. The  foot  of  the-  hill  is  about  20  feet  below  the  top  of  the 
shaft.  The  coal  is  2'  3"  to  2'  6"  in  thickness.  The  Westlake  shaft 
is  not  so  deep,  being  sunk  on  lower  ground.  I  had  not  an  op- 
portunity of  going  into  these  shafts,  but  the  Westlake  coal  was 
reported  to  be  thicker  than  the  Newport.  The  specimens  of  coal 
seemed  of  good  quality — hard,  black,  and  brilliant,  jointed,  with 
calcite  plates  between  the  joints,  and  carbonaceous  matter  occasion- 
ally between  the  laminae  ;  it  contains  some  iron  pyrites.  Overlying 
the  coal  is  a  thin  stratum  of  bituminous  shale,  from  which  I  obtained 
a  fragment  of  a  plant,  with  round  scars  on  the  surface  arranged  in 
a  regular  quadrilateral  form,  about  six-eighths  of  an  inch  from 
centre  to  centre.  A  section  of  rocks  here  would  appear  about 
thus  : — 

I — 16  feet  of  sandstone  and  shales. 

2 — 15  to  20  feet  mostly  argillaceous  shales. 

3 — Bituminous  coal. 

The  following  is  an  analysis  of  these  coals  by  Mr.  Chauvenet  : — 


Newport. 

Water 3.95 

Volatile 33. 10 

F.  Carbon 46.26 

Ash 16.69 

Color  of  ash , Red 

Sulphur 4.406 

Sp-gr 1.347 

Total  Carbon 

Total  Hydrogen 


Nitrogen, 


Westlake. 

4-47 

39-19 

51-73 

4.6l 

Gray 

2.67 

I.3I9 
69.27 

ist  trial    5.49 
2d  trial    5.52 

Cokes  well,  and  is  a 
good  gas  coal. 


1 66  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

A  3  feet  bed  of  coal'(probably  the  same  as  the  Newport  stratum) 
was  reported  to  have  been  passed  through  in  digging  wells  at 
several  places  near  Lamonte,  viz.  :  2  miles  south,  and  2  and  3 
miles  west  and  north-west.  Sandstone  was  reached  at  15  feet  depth, 
in  the  well  at  Lamonte  ;  it  is  also  found  at  i  and  2  miles  north-west, 
which  would  indicate  its  thickness  to  be  as  much  as  35  feet,  and 
probably  even  50  feet.  This  is  undoubtedly  the  same  sandstone 
which  was  observed  at  A.  B.  Gardner's. 

West  of  Pettis  County. 

In  the  construction  of  the  following  Section,  difficulties  were  en- 
countered in  connecting  the  various  beds.  I  had  made  about 
30  sections,  extending  six  miles  north  and  ten  miles  south  of 
Knob  Noster,  before  I  could  connect  No.  8  with  No.  30.  Below 
No.  4  I  am  not  altogether  certain  of  having  reached  the  base 
of  the  series  ;  I  have  only  22  feet.  There  may  be  from  10  to  20 
feet  more,  mostly  clay  or  shales.  Again,  the  connection  of  24  with 
40  was  found  at  only  one  place,  No.  40  cropping  out  in  the  bluff 
on  one  side  of  a  stream,  and  No.  24  across  on  the  other  side  ;  but  I 
think  I  obtained  about  the  proper  distance  between.  Above  No. 
40  we  find,  at  Warrensburgh,  a  great  thickness  of  sandstone,  with 
no  apparent  intervening  beds,  whereas  on  the  Blackwater,  near 
Hammond's  Ford,  there  is  a  calcareous  bed  about  the  middle,  rest- 
ing on  a  thin  bed  of  coal,  and  in  place  of  sandstone  mostly  shales. 
On  the  Post  Oak,  near  McClellan's,  we  find  sandy  shales  above  No. 
40,  and  extending  up  to  No.  43,  and  of  much  less  thickness  than  is 
reported  to  be  in  the  Warrensburg  well. 

The  shale-beds  between  the  limestones,  included  from  No.  50  to 
No.  59,  are  of  variable  thickness.  From  No.  64  to  No.  71  was 
obtained  from  elevations  along  the  Pacific  Railroad,  near  Strasburgh. 
Above  No.  71  there  was  no  trouble  in  making  the  connections,  nor 
was  there  any  in  recognizing  the  various  beds. 

The  following  is  the  General  Section,  numbering  from  the  base 
upward,  including  the  lowest  rock  on  Clear  Fork  and  the  highest  at 
Kansas  City  : — 


GEOLOGY  FROM  SEDALIA   TO  KANSAS  CITY. 


I67 


No. 

Ft. 

In. 

Total. 

Description. 

Locality. 

Ft. 

In. 

98 

30 

731 

6 

Limestone,  gray  or  bluish  drab,  mottled. 

Kansas  City  and  Independ- 

ence. 

97 

26 

701 

6 

Shales. 

do.                 do. 

96 

6 

675 

6 

Limestone,  large  Productus. 

do.                 do. 

9? 

i 

6 

669 

6 

Olive  clay  shales. 

Kansas  City. 

94 

2 

668 

Dark  blue  shales. 

do. 

93 

I 

4 

666 

Bluish  drab. 

do. 

92 

IO 

664 

8 

Dull  blue  argillaceous  limestone. 

do. 

9i 

6 

663  10 

Buff  and  olive  shales. 

do. 

90 

6 

657  10 

Limestone,  with  Campophyllum. 

do. 

89 

3 

651  10 

Blue  and  olive  shales. 

do. 

88 

2 

648^0 

Nodular  and  buff  shales. 

do. 

87 

2O 

646  10 

Limestone,  upper  £  oolitic. 

Kansas  City  and  Liberty. 

86 

2O 

626  10 

Shales. 

»S 

16 

606 

IO 

Deep  blue  limestone,  blue   chert    and 

Kansas  City,  Independence, 

shales. 

Liberty  ;    Pleasant    Hill, 

the  top  rock. 

84 

4 

59° 

IO 

2  to  4  feet  marble  bed. 

Kansas   City   and   Pleasant 

Hill. 

83 

10 

586 

IO 

Irregularly  bedded  limestone. 

Kansas  City,  Pleasant  Hill, 

Greenwood. 

82 

i 

6 

576 

4 

Blue  and  brown  limestone. 

Pleasant  Hill. 

81 

7 

574 

IO 

Blue  and  bituminous  shales. 

Pleasant    Hill   and    Green- 

wood. 

80 

2 

567 

10 

Fine-grained  drab  limestone. 

Pleasant  Hill. 

79 

4 

565 

IO 

Oolitic  limestone. 

Pleasant    Hill   and    Green- 

wood. 

78 

12 

56i 

IO 

Shelly  gray  limestone.     (No.    166,    or 

Pleasant  Hill,  Greenwood, 

Bethany  Falls  limestone,  of  my  Mo. 

Kansas  City,  Lone  Jack, 

River  Sec.) 

Chapel    Hill,    Greenton, 

Pink  Hill,  Owens'  Land- 

ing,    Randolph,    and    at 

Gallatin,    Davis   County, 

and    Bethany,     Harrison 

Co.,  etc. 

77 

6 

549 

IO 

Shales. 

76 

I 

6 

543  I0 

Argillaceous  limestone,  fucoidal. 

Pleasant   Hill  and    Green 

wood. 

75 

4 

542 

4 

Shales. 

74 

4 

538 

4 

Gray  crinoidal  limestone. 

Pleasant  Hill  and  E.  Linn, 

Cass  Co. 

73 

534 

4 

Pleasant    Hill    and   Amos, 

Jackson  Co. 

72 

H 

532 

10 

Clay  shales,  or  porous  sandstone. 

E.  of  Pleasant  Hill. 

7i 

i 

518  10 

Sandy  limestone. 

Pleasant  Hill. 

70 

i 

6 

5i7 

10 

Calcareous   sandstone  ;    3    inches    coal  Harrisonville,  Pleasant  Hil" 

just  below. 

Mo.  City,  Amos. 

69 

35 

5i6 

4 

Sandy  shales. 

68 

A  few  inches  of  coal. 

Near  P.    R.    R.,   Cass  aia 

Johnson  Co.  line. 

67 

15 

481 

4 

Clay  shales. 

66 

4 

469 

4 

Buff  sandstone. 

Top  of  hill  E.  and  W.  of 

Lucas. 

65 

45 

465 

4 

45  to  55  feet  sandstone  and  shales. 

Homes  quarry  and  West. 

64 

2 

420 

4 

Limestone,  with  charlites. 

Lucas,  Big  Creek,  and   Bl. 

Water. 

63 

7 

418 

4 

Marly  shales  and  limestone  nodules. 

do.                 do. 

62 

10 

4" 

4 

Olive  and  purple  shales. 

do.                 do. 

i68 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


No. 

Ft. 

In. 

Total. 

Description. 

Locality. 

Ft. 

In. 

6l 

22 

401 

4 

Sandy  shales  and  shaly  sandstone. 

Lucas    and     Holclen,     and 

Blackwater,  6  miles  N.  of 

60 

Holden. 

59 

I 

379 

4 

Hoi  den  coal. 

Holden,      Georges,     Brush 

Cr.,  and  Blackwater.     • 

58 

6 

378 

4 

Shales. 

57 

2 

'372 

4 

Meekella  limestone. 

Holden. 

56 

9 

1370 

4 

Shales. 

55 

6 

361 

4 

Limestone.    Archceocidaris,    Fnsulina, 

Pin    Oak,    Lexington,    and 

and  Ckatetes. 

Carbon  Hill. 

54 

H 

355 

4 

Sandstone. 

53 

7 

34i 

4 

Shales  and  clay. 

52 

9 

334 

4 

4  to  9  feet  limestone. 

Lexington,   Sniabar,  Black- 

water. 

51 

H 

325 

4 

Shales  and  thin  beds  of  limestone. 

50 

5 

311 

4 

4  to  8  feet  limestone. 

Lexington,  Sniabar,   Black- 

water,  and  McClellan's. 

49 

i 

306 

4 

Yellow  calcareous  shale. 

Brush  Creek  and  Blackwa- 

ter. 

48 

i 

3^5 

4 

Blue  fossiliferous  shales. 

47 

3 

i3°4 

4 

Allorisma  limestone. 

Brush  Creek. 

46 

7 

2 

301 

4 

Bituminous  shales. 

45 

5 

294;    2 

5  to  18  inches  hard  slaty  coal. 

McClellan's  and  Tapscott's. 

44 

i 

6 

294|  7 

i^  to  2|  feet  coal  —  Lexington. 

McClellan's  &  Blackwater. 

43 

3 

293    i 

Soft  black  shale. 

42 

9 

290,  i 

:6o  to  90?  feet  sandy  shales  and  sand- 

stone, with  coal  in  middle. 

4i 

i 

200 

i 

Nodular  limestone. 

40 

4 

199 

i 

Limestone. 

Near  Warrensburgh. 

39 

10 

!95 

i 

Dark  clay  shales. 

38 

2 

194 

3 

Bituminous  shales. 

37 

2 

6 

192 

3 

Blue  shales. 

36 

2 

3 

189 

9 

Light  blue  clay  shales. 

35 

I 

6 

187 

6 

Warrensburgh  coal. 

do. 

34 

2 

1  86 

Fire  clay. 

33 

50 

184 

Sandy  shales. 

Knob    Noster   and  Carbon 

Hill. 

32 

7 

X34 

;  Shaly  coal. 

31 

J3 

133 

5 

Sandy  and  clay  shales. 

30 

3 

1  20 

5 

Fossiliferous  shales  and  clay  ironstone. 

Near  Knob   Noster  and   6 

29 

6 

117 

5 

Bituminous  limestone. 

miles    north   on   Walnut 

28 

i 

116 

ii 

o  to  2  feet  bituminous  shales. 

Creek,  and  six  miles  S.  W. 

27 

i 

8 

"5 

" 

'I  foot  to  20  inches  coal. 

Knob    Noster,   Langston's, 

26 

4 

114 

3 

Fire  clay. 

Cox's,  etc. 

25 

9 

IIO 

3 

3  to  9  feet  shales. 

24 

3 

iIOI 

3 

Rough  limestone. 

do.         do.         do. 

23 

i 

8 

98 

3 

Dark  shales. 

22 

3 

96 

7 

Bituminous  shales. 

21 

8 

;  96 

4 

Coal. 

Knob  Noster. 

2O 

2 

6 

95 

8 

Fire  clay. 

]9 

•2 

i  93 

2 

Dark  shales  —  Stigmaria. 

18 

I 

6 

91 

2 

15  to  26  inches  coal. 

Higgins,  Ramey,  K.  N. 

17 

3 

89 

8 

Shales. 

16 

i 

86 

8 

Hard  black  slate. 

Clear  Fork,  6  miles  S.  W. 

of  K.  N. 

15 

4 

85 

8 

Ochrey  and  sandy  shales,  3  to  4  feet. 

Clear  Fork,   K.   N.,  ochre 

bed. 

H 

6 

Si 

8 

Sandstone. 

Clear  Fork,  K.  N.  ,  quarries. 

GEOLOGY  FROM  SEDALTA  TO  KANSAS  CITY. 


169 


No. 

Ft, 

In. 

To 

Ft. 

tal. 
In. 

Description. 

Locality. 

13 

IO 

75 

8 

Dark  shales,  with  thin  coal  seams. 

12 

4 

74 

IO 

Sandy  shales,  with  ochrey  concretions. 

Clear  Fork,  5  miles  S.  W. 

of  Knob  Noster. 

II 

I 

70 

IO 

Ironstone. 

10 

24 

69 

IO 

Sandy  shales  and  sandstone. 

Knob  Noster. 

9 

4 

6 

45 

IO 

Thinly    laminated    clay     shales,    with 

Knob    Noster,  and  at  Mi- 

plants. 

nersville. 

8 

4 

5 

4i 

4 

Bituminous  coal. 

Clear  Fork  and  Minersville. 

7 

5 

36  ii 

Shales  and  fire  clay. 

6 

6 

31 

ii 

White  sandstone. 

Dr.  Rodgers'  quarry,  Clear 

Fork. 

s 

ii 

25 

ii 

Coal. 

do.         do.         do. 

4 

3 

25 

Fire  clay. 

3 

10 

22 

Shales,  with  thin  seams  of  coal. 

Munroe  Thompson,  in  Pet- 

tis  County. 

2 

2 

12 

Coal. 

do.         do.         do. 

I 

IO 

10 

Clay. 

In  describing  the  sections  I  have  resolved  them  into  their  various 
groups,  throwing  together  those  more  nearly  related  and  peculiar 
to  a  certain  district  of  country ;  for  example,  The  Clear  Fork 
Group,  including  about  84  feet,  from  No.  I  to  IO  ;  it  is  found  on 
Clear  Fork  and  Walnut  Creek,  and  includes  from  two  to  three  work- 
able beds  of  coal  and  three  thinner  seams. 

2 — The  Knob  Noster  Group,  from  16  to  33-,  including  97  feet,  in 
which  are  four  coal-beds,  two  of  which  are  workable.  This  is  best 
developed  around  Knob  Noster. 

3 — The  Warrensburgh  Group,  of  75  to  100  feet,  from  No.  33  to 
No.  43,  includes  one  good  workable  coal-bed  and  another  thin  one, 
and  thick  sandstone  beds. 

4 — Lexington  Group  includes  from  43  to  55,  equal  to  70  feet, 
with  one  good  coal-bed  and  several  limestone  beds,  with  Clicetetes 
milleporaceus  and  Pusulina  cylindrica  in  nearly  every  limestone. 
It  is  found  at  McClelland's,  Brush  Creek,  Black  Water,  Lexington, 
Sniabar,  near  Austin,  Cass  County,  and  south-westward. 

5 — The  Holden  Group,  from  No.  55  to  64,  includes  59  feet,  crop- 
ping out  near  Holden  ;  also  on  Black  Water,  and  Big  Creek,  Cass 
County,  between  the  P.  R.  Road  and  M.  K.  and  T.  R.  R.  It  in- 
cludes a  one-foot  bed  of  good  coal. 

6 — The  Mound  Group,  from  No.  64  to  No.  77,  comprises  133 
feet  of  mostly  sandstone  and  shales,  with  three  thin  seams  of  coal ; 


170  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-  WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

it  is  found  in  the  mounds  of  Johnson  and  Cass,  and  lies  at  the  top  of 
the  middle  coal-measures. 

7 — Upper  coal-measures  ;  no  coal  has  yet  been  found  ;   170  feet. 

Clear  Fork  Group. — The  following  section  was  taken  partly  on 
Walter  L.  Long's  land,  in  N.  W.  ^  of  the  S.  W.  ^  Sec.  18,  T. 
45,  R.  24,  and  partly  on  Dr.  Rodgers's  land,  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
north. 

Sec.  II. 

No.  i — 34  feet  slope  from  the  hill-top. 

2 — 4  feet  sandstone. 

3 — 26  feet  mostly  shales,  chocolate-colored  and  light  blue. 

4 — 4  feet  clay  shales,  with  occasional  thin  laminae  of  coal  and 
some  pyritous  concretions,  with  zinc  blende  occupying  the  centre. 
Remains  of  Cordaites  are  abundant  in  the  lower  part,  a  few  ferns 
and  a  Lepidodendron,  perhaps  L.  diplotegioides. 

5 — 3  feet  bituminous  coal  (No.  8  of  Gen.  Sec.).  The  upper 
6  inches  is  shaly  ;  the  rest  of  the  seam  contains  good  coal,  but  has 
a  good  deal  of  iron  pyrites. 

6 — 5  fe6*  clay  and  shales. 

7 — 6  feet  fine-grained,  light-drab  sandstone,  in  very  even  strata  ; 
said  to  make  good  grindstones. 

8 — 8  to  1 1  inches  coal ;  has  sulphur  incrustations  on  the  surface. 

9 — 3  feet  fire-clay. 

A  general  section  at  Minersville,  on  the  Pacific  Railroad,  is  about 
as  follows  : — 

No.  i — 8  feet  sandstone. 

2 — 14  feet  shales. 

3 — i  foot  3  inches  coal. 

4 — i  foot  light-yellow  clay,  with  remains  of  roots  of  Stigmaria  ; 
a  good  ochre. 

5 — 3  feet  red  and  yellow  clay. 

6 — 2  feet  sandy  shales. 

7 — o  feet  6  inches  shaly  sandstone. 

8 — 2  feet  blue  shales. 

9 — o  feet  8  inches  ironstone. 

10 — 28  feet  mostly  blue  shales. 

II — o  feet  4  inches  thin  shaly  laminae,  with  knife-edges  of  coal. 

12 — 4  feet  dove-colored  brown-streaked  fire-clay. 

13—2  feet  blue  shales. 


GEOLOG  Y  FR OM  SEDALIA  TO  KANSAS  CITY.  i 7 1 

14 — o  feet  6  inches  brown  ochrey  shales. 

1 5 — Bituminous  coal  53  to  60  inches.  The  upper  portion  of  No.  1 5 
is  23  inches  thick  in  the  Pacific  mines,  and  generally  about  the  same 
thickness  in  Cockrell's  mines,  thickening  at  one  place  to  30  inches. 
It  is  interstratified  with  slaty  laminae,  and  becomes  covered  with 
thread-like  crystals  of  iron  sulphate,  crumbling  to  white  powder 
on  exposure.  This  stratum  was  also,  in  many  places  in  the  mines, 
especially  in  closed-up  passages,  covered  with  dense  woolly  masses 
of  similar  crystals  of  a  pale  greenish  tinge.  Just  at  the  top  is  an 
occasional  three-quarter-inch  band  of  brittle  black  coal,  bright  and 
shiny  like  jet.  In  General  Cockrell's  mines  I  obtained  a  fine  spe- 
cimen of  Lepidodendron,  Sigillaricz,  and  a  few  other  plants  very 
nearly  related. 

The  lower  30  inches  of  the  coal-bed  is  of  good  quality,  black, 
somewhat  shiny,  and  jointed,  with  occasional  calcite  plates  between 
the  ioints ;  between  the  laminae  there  is  often  carbonaceous  matter. 

Four  analyses,  made  by  Mr.  Chauvenet,  of  coals  from  the  Pacific 
mines,  give  the  following  results  :  — 

Water 4.28  4.29            4.85  4-6o 

Volatile 40.30  40.24  39-85  42.50 

F.  Carbon 47-22  47-27  45-3O  44-55 

Ash 8. 20  8. 20  10.00  8.35 

Color  of  Ash.  .nearly  white,  nearly  white,  white.  white. 

Sp.  grav 1-350         

Sulphur 0759         

Total  Carbon 7-O33         

Hydrogen 5.13  

Nitrogen 1-449  ••••  ••••  •••• 

In  the  overlying  shales  (9  of  Gen.  Sec.  13  of  the  section  at  the 
mines)  I  obtained  ferns  (Neuropteris  f),  a  catamite,  and  a  stem  of  a 
tree-fern  ;  and  Aviculopecten  rectalateraria  (Cox)  was  quite  abun- 
dant. In  the  overlying  sandstone  (No.  10  of  Gen.  Coal-Meas.  Sec.), 
about  1 8  to  20  feet  above  coal  No.  8,  are  numerous  remains  of  Stig- 
maria  ficoides ,  the  roots  traversing  the  sandstone  in  every  direction, 
some  fine  specimens  of  which  were  obtained  on  the  bluffs  of  the  Clear 
Fork,  near  Minersville,  also  near  the  railroad,  west  of  Knob  Noster. 

On  the  Clear  Fork,  at  the  railroad  bridge,  we  have, 


172  GEOLOG Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

No.  I  —  I  foot  of  beautiful,  bright  yellow  ochre. 

2 — i  foot  light-drab  fire-clay. 

3 — 6  inches  sandy  pyritiferous  bed ;  contains  crystals  of  iron 
pyrites. 

4 — Close-grained  greenish  buff  limestone,  only  found  at  this  lo- 
cality ;  supposed  to  be  a  local  bed,  occupying  a  position  near  the 
base  of  the  coal  series. 

On  the  branch  near  the  railroad  I  observed  the  following-  section, 

o 

about  a  half-mile  west  of  Knob  Noster  : — 

No.  I — 40  feet  slope  ;  some  sandstone. 

2 — 6  feet  dark-blue  shales. 

3 — o  feet  8  inches  coal. 

4 — 5  feet  ochrey  bed,  with  streaks  of  yellow  and  blue  clay. 

5 — 3  feet  of  dark-blue  clay. 

From  2  to  5  of  this  section  inclusive  may  be  referred  to  the  upper 
part  of  No.  10  of  General  Section. 

On  a  branch  of  Clear  Fork,  in  Sec.  17,  T.  45,  R.  24,  we  have  as 
follows  : — 

Sec.  13. 

No.  i — Outcrops  of  hard  sandstone. 

2 — Bituminous  shale. 

3 — Clay,  shale. 

4 — 15  fe£t  sandstone  on  slope  ;   i  foot  of  blue  shale  at  bottom. 

5 — 3  inches  coal. 

6 — 3  feet  soft  crumbling  sandstone. 

7 — 7  feet  dull  light-blue  shales. 

8 — 5  inches  coal. 

9 — 4  feet  thinly-laminated  ochrey  shales,  equal  to  No.  4  of  the 
last  described  section. 

10 — 5  feet  blue  clay  shales. 

1 1 — Bituminous  coal ;  thickness  not  seen. 

'No.  10  of  the  above  section  is  a  dark  lead  blue,  a  little  sandy, 
and  contains  some  iron  pyrites,  with  fossils,  viz.,  Lingula  and  Cor- 
daitcs. 

On  Copperas  Creek,  within  a  mile  of  its  mouth,  the  following 
sections  were  obtained.  I  place  them  alongside,  so  as  to  be  readily 
compared.  They  were  taken  200  yards  apart,  except  the  first, 
which  was  about  a  quarter-mile  distant  from  the  second. 


GEOLOGY  FROM  SEDALIA   TO  KANSAS  CITY, 


173 


23  c. 

23  b. 

23  a. 

Sec.  23. 

2  feet   light  -  blue  fire- 

clay. 
2  feet  brown  shales. 
6  feet   blue  and  green 
sandy  shales. 

Coal  seam  appear?. 
7  feet  shales. 

Shales. 

1  6  inches  coal. 

Coal  outcrop. 

I  foot  coal. 

I  foot  coal. 

Blue  fire-clay. 

1  8  feet  shales. 

12    feet    shales  —  blue 
below. 

(  4  feet  ochrey  clay. 
}  3  feet  blue  shales. 

2  feet  coal. 

4  to  8  inches  coal. 

I  foot  coal. 

Blue  fire-clay. 

Blue  fire-clay,  with  re- 
mains of  Sigillaria. 

6  inches  dark  clay. 
3  feet  ochrey  clay. 
7  feet  drab  and  ash 
sandy  shales. 

In  the  above  sections  (13  and  23)  there  are  three  coal-beds,  one 
of  which  attains  workable  thickness.  The  parallelism  of  sections  13 
and  23  is  apparent,  and  their  geological  position  is  in  No.  10  of 
Gen.  Sec. 

On  Clear  Fork,  in  Sec.  -25,  T.  47,  R.  25,  I  obtained  several  sec- 
tions whose  geological  position  is  probably  a  little  above  those  just 
described,  to  wit :  — 

Sec.  18.  Sec.  19. 

10  inches  ironstone 

10  inches  blue  and  dark  shales. 

2^/2  feet  ochrey  shales. 

2  feet  sandstone. 

9  inches  blue  shale. 


8  inches  coal. 


2  feet  fire-clay. 


4  feet  sandstone. 
6  inches  blue  shale. 

3  inches    coal,  sulphate  efflores- 
cence. 

6     inches     blue     shale,     yellow 
streaked  ;  leaves  of  Stigmaria. 

4  feet  blue  shales,  with  a  4-inch 
bed  of  ironstone  near  the  mid- 
dle. 

A  half-mile  north  we  have — 

No.  i — Outcrop  of  thin-bedded  ochrey  shales 

2 — Outcrop  of  coal. 

3 — 4  feet  blue  shales. 

4 — 2  feet  drab  sandy  shales. 

5 — ii  feet  drab  sandstone. 


174  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

6 — 4  feet  shales,  blue  at  lower  part,  with  thin  crystals  of  selenite. 

Boyce's  coal-bank  on  Clear  Fork,  one  mile  south,  occupies  a 
position  nearly  related  to  the  last-named  sections,  but  I  hesitate  to 
name  its  exact  position  in  the  General  Section. 

Sec.  at  Boyce's. 

No.  i — 8  feet  sandstone  and  shales. 

2 — 32  inches  coal,  the  upper  7  inches  shaly. 

3 — 3  feet  ochrey  shales,  red  and  yellow. 

4 — 1 1  feet  dark  shaly  sandstone  and  shales,  quite  pyritiferous  in 
the  lower  part. 

The  Maxwell  (formerly  McQuarry)  bank,  one  mile  south,  we  find 
to  be  the  equivalent  of  Boyce's  coal,  near  the  edge  of  the  water  in 
Clear  Fork,  35  inches  thick  of  apparently  a  good  quality  of  hard  bitu- 
minous coal,  much  of  it  coated  with  a  yellow  efflorescence.  Overlying 
it  is  1 5  feet  of  mostly  thin  and  even-bedded  sandstone,  with  some  black 
partings  and  sulphuret  incrustations  on  the  face  of  the  lower  part. 

The  following  is  a  section  of  the  rocks  on  Walnut  Creek,  near  the 
Pacific  Railroad  crossing,  the  lower  10  fe"et  including  rocks  equiva- 
lent to  part  of  No.  10  of  General  Section. 

No.  I — Limestone  in  the  railroad  cut,  west  of  the  creek  ;  No.  24 
of  the  Gen.  Sec. 

2 — 6  inches  shale. 

3 — 4  inches  shaly  coal. 

4 — 10  inches  blue  shales. 

5 — 8-inch  bed  of  ochre,  brownish  yellow,  hard  and  soft. 

6 — 5  feet  blue  shales. 

7,  8,  and  9 — Include  25  feet  long  gentle  slope  of  300  yards. 

10 — Light-blue  clay  shales. 

ii — 6  feet  dark-blue  shales  in  thin  layers,  becoming  bituminous 
below  ;  contains  remains  of  a  few  Lingulce,  and  some  narrow-leaved 
grass-like  plants ;  resembles  shales  at  W.  Ray's,  in  Pettis  County. 

12 — 8  inches  bituminous  coal. 

!3 — 7  feet  fire-clay  and  shales  ;  the  lower  2  or  3  feet  is  sandy  and 
ferruginous,  with  concretions  and  lenticular  beds  of  carbonate  of 
iron  with  numerous  fern  leaves  ;  some  of  the  concretions  contain 
zinc  blende.  Towards  the  lower  part  are  reddish-gray  thin  beds 
of  sandy  ironstone. 

14 — 2  inches  thin  laminae  of  light-blue  clay  shales. 

15 — 2  inches  bituminous  coal. 


GEOLOGY  FROM  SEDALIA   TO  KANSAS  CITY.  175 

16 — 2  feet  shales,  containing  remains  of  ferns,  calamites,  and  a 
few  other  stems  of  plants,  some  of  them  composed  almost  entirely 
of  iron  pyrites,  sometimes  including  a  small  nucleus  of  zinc  blende. 
Similar  flagstones  to  those  found  at  this  section  occur  two  miles 
down-stream,  containing  many  beautiful  remains  of  fern  leaves,  etc. 
The  following  section  was  obtained  on  Clear  Fork,  five   miles 
south-west  of  Knob  Noster.     It  includes  most  of  the  above-de- 
scribed rocks,  with  some  beds  higher  in  the  series. 
Sec.  28. 

No.  i — 25  feet  slope,  with  outcrops  of  sandy  shales  and  shaly 
sandstone. 

2 — 6  inches  hard,  bluish,  bituminous  limestone. 
3 — i  foot  bituminous  coal. 
4 — 4  feet  fire-clay. 
5 — 5  feet  shales. 

6 — 3  feet  irregularly-bedded  limestone  :  No.  24  of  Gen.  Sec.  con- 
tains Prod,  costatus. 

7 — %l/2  feet  shaly  slope,  two  beds  of  coal  concealed,  the  upper 
of  8  inches  and  the  lower  of  \y2  feet  (same  as  Higgins's  coal); 
Stigmaria  leaves  in  lower  shales. 

8 — 3  feet  fire-clay  and  shales,  upper  part  sandy. 
9 — i  foot  hard  bituminous  slate  ;  contains  Hymenophyllites  adna- 
scens?  and  probably  another  Sp.  (the  section  a  half-mile  up  stream 
has  a  peculiar  branching  fucoid). 
•    10 — 4  feet  ochrey  and  sandy  shales  and  clay. 
1 1 — 6  feet  sandstone. 
12 — 10  inches  dark  shale. 

13 — 4  feet  sandy  shales  and  ironstone  concretions. 
14 — i  foot  ironstone  ;  contains  a  little  zinc  blende. 
15 — i  foot  dark  olive  shales. 
16 — i  foot  brown  ironstone. 

17 — 10  feet  shaly  slope  ;  black  shales  near  the  lower  part. 
1 8 — 9  feet  8  inches  sandstone,  some  of  it  shaly. 
19 — 5  fe£t  sandy  shales. 
20 — 4_j^  feet  blue  shales,  with  Cordaites. 
21 — Bituminous  coal  in  creek — No.  8  of  Gen.  Sec. 
The  Clear  Fork  group,  we  perceive,  includes  about  six  distinct 
beds  of  coal,  three  of  which  are  workable,  and  relatively  1 1  inches, 
feet,  and  2  feet  to  2^  feet  thick,  and  three  thin  seams  of  4 


1 76  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

inches,  5  inches,  and  3  inches,  one  of  them  sometimes  thickening 
to  a  foot. 

Knob  Noster  Group. — This  includes  from  No.  16  to  No.  33,  and 
embraces  about  97  feet.  From  No.  16  to  30  inclusive  we  find  above, 
in  Sec.  28*.  From  the  top  of  Knob  Noster  to  the  lower  grounds 
west  of  the  town,  I  obtained  the  following  section  : — 

No.  i — Sandstone  on  the  top  of  the  Knob. 

2 — 5  feet  debris  on  the  slope  ;  some  nodular  lumps  of  limestone. 

3 — Limestone,  with  some  chert  on  the  top  ;  contains  Ch&tetes 
milleporacetis  and  Fusulina  cylindrical. 

4 — 123  feet;  a  bed  of  sandstone  appears  about  50  feet  below 
the  top,  and  also  near  the  lower  part,  with  concretions  of  iron 
oxide. 

5 — 3  feet  shales,  containing  CJwnetcs  Flemingii,  etc. 

6  -6  inches  shaly  bituminous  limestone,  containing  Spirifer  came- 
ratus,  CJwnctes  Flemingii,  Productus  muricatus,  Prod,  costatns, 
Athyris  subtilita,  Nucula  ventricosa,  CJionetes  mesoloba  [this  =  No. 
29  of  Gen.  Sec.]. 

7 — i  foot  of  bituminous  coal. 

8 — 3  feet  fire-clay  and  shales. 

9 — 3  feet  irregular-bedded  limestone  ;  contains  Sp.  cameratus, 
Sp.  lineatus,  Prod.  costat2is,  and  Prod,  semircticulatus. 

10 — 20  inches  dark-olive  clay  shales,  with  a  few  whitish  concre- 
tions. 

ii — 5  inches  bituminous  shale. 

12  —  8  inches  bituminous  coal. 

13 — 41^  feet  shales  and  fire-clay. 

14 — 15  inches  bituminous  coal  (at  Higgins's  it  is  2J^  feet,  at 
Elliott's  2  feet,  and  at  Falconer's  2^  feet). 

1 5 — 3  to  41^  feet  ochre  bed  ;  remains  of  Stigmaria. 

16 — 8  feet  ferruginous  sandstone  and  shales— quarry  rock  (No. 
14  of  Gen.  Sec.). 

17 — 5  feet  olive  and  green  sandy  shales. 

1 8 — 4  feet  red  and  purple  clay. 

19 — 6  feet  blue  drab  and  olive  shales. 

20 — 10  feet  outcrop  of  sandstone,  abounding  in  leaves  of  Stig- 
maria. 

A  section  obtained  one  mile  south-east  of  Knob  Noster  includes 
from  6  to  13  of  the  above  section,  as  follows  : — 


GEOLOGY  FROM  SEDALIA   TO  KANSAS  CITY.,  177 

Section  7. 

No.  i — Shaly  limestone,  containing  Chonetes  Flemingii,  Ch. 
Verneuiliana,  Prod,  costatus,  Spirifer  cameratus,  Prod,  muricatus. 

2 — 20  inches  coal. 

3 — 4  feet  shales. 

4  2  feet  grayish,  ash -blue  limestone  ;  contains  Prod,  costatus, 
Spirifer  lincatus,  PJiillipsia,  and  Athyris  subtilita  (var.  Maconen- 
sis  Sw.\ 

5 — 20  inches  dark-olive  clay  shales. 

6 — 3  inches  bituminous  shales. 

7 — 8  inches  bituminous  coal. 

8 — 2y2  feet  dove-colored  fire-clay,  yellow  streaked. 

9 — 2  feet  dark  indigo-blue  and  drab  clay  shales. 

10 — 15  inches  bituminous  coal  (No.  18  of  Gen.  Sec.). 

II  —  3  feet  dove-colored  fire-clay. 

12 — Sandy  shales. 

A  section  similar  to  the  last  described  was  obtained  on  Walnut 
Creek,  one  mile  south  of  the  Pacific  Railroad,  as  follows  : — 

Section  16. 

No.  i — Outcrops  of  hard  sandstone. 

2 — 2  feet  sandy  shales. 

3 — 3  feet  clay  shales,  abounding  in  Chonetes  Flemingii,  contain- 
ing also  Productus  Prattenianus,  P.  muricatus,  Orthoceras  cribro- 
sum,  AtJiyris  subtilita. 

4—6  inches  dark-blue  shaly  limestone  (29  of  Gen.  Sec.)  ;  contains 
Spirifer  cameratus,  Sp.  Kentuckensis,  Chonetes  Flemingii,  Produc- 
tus costatus,  Prod,  semireticulatus,  Prod.  Prattenianus,  Prod, 
muricatus,  Atliyris  subtilita,  Orthoceras  cribrosum,  Naticopsis  Alto- 
nensis. 

5 — i  foot  of  bituminous  coal. 

6 — 34  inches  shales. 

7 — 3  feet  irregular  and  rough-bedded  limestone  ;  fracture  shows 
ash-blue ;  weathers  drab  ;  contains  Lophophyllum  proliferum  and 
Spirifer  lineatus. 

8 — 7  inches  shale,  upper  part  brown,  black-streaked  below. 

9 — 3  inches  bituminous  coal. 

10 — Fire-clay. 

On  Bennett  J.  Langston's  land  in  S.  W.  ^  of  the  S.  W.  %,  Sec. 

22,  T.  47,  R.  24,  we  find  :  — 
12 


1 78  GEOLOG  Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

Section  5- 

No.  I —  Dark  snuff  and  drab  colored  shales,  with  flattened  sphe- 
roidal concretions  of  limestone  and  ironstone. 

2 — 2^/2  feet  bituminous  shales. 

3 — i  foot  deep-blue  pyritiferous  limestone,  shelly  and  fossiliferous 
[=  No.  29  of  Gen.  Sec.]. 

4 — 22  inches  good  coal. 

5 — 8  inches  shaly  coal. 

6 — 5  feet  fire-clay. 

No.  2  contains  black  pyritiferous  concretions  of  various  shapes, 
abounding  in  some  very  fine  fossils,  including  Productus  muricatus, 
RJiynchonella  Osagensis,  Spirifer  cameratus,  Spirifer  Kentuckensis, 
CJionetes  mesoloba,  CJi.  Verneuiliana,  Discina  Missouriensis,  Hemi- 
pronites  crassus,  Aviculopecten  pcllucidus,  Cardium  ?  Lexingto- 
nensis,  Nucula  ventricosa,  Solenomya  radiata,  Pleurotomaria  car- 
bonaria,  Pleurotomaria  spJierulata,  Macrocheilus  like  primogcnius , 

Naticopsis ,  Ort/wceras  cribrosttm,  Goniatite?  Canlopteris?  and 

a  small  Athyris  in  shale,  Aviculopecten  Providencis?  and  contains 
zinc-blende. 

No.  3  contains  Productus  semireticulatus,  Spirifer  cameratus, 
Prod,  muricatus  and  Prod.  Prattenianus. 

At  Cox's  coal-bank,  on  a  branch  of  Walnut  Creek,  about  the 
half-mile  corner  of  Sections  28  and  29,  T.  47,  R.  24,  we  have  as 
follows  : — 

Section  17. 

No.  i — Clay  and  soil  above. 

2 — 3  feet  mostly  bituminous  shales ;  the  upper  2  inches  is 
somewhat  calcareous  ;  contains  Prod,  muric'atus,  Spir.  cameratus 
and  Athyris  subtilita. 

3 — \y2  feet  calcareo-bituminous  shale,  containing  Nautilus—  —, 
Aviculopecten ,  and  CJionetes  mesoloba. 

4 — 2  feet  to  2^  feet  of  bituminous  coal ;  has  a  local  dip  north- 
ward of  i  Y?.  feet  in  50  feet. 

5 — 2^£  feet  blue  clay. 

6 — 2  feet  rough-bedded  limestone,  slightly  pyritiferous  ;  contains 
Prod,  punctatus.  Prod,  costatus,  Spirifer  cameratus,  Sp.  opimus  ? 
large  Crinoid stems,  Spirifer  Kentuckensis  and  Prod,  semireticulatus 
[=  No.  24  of  Gen.  Sec.]. 

7 — 3  feet  blue  shales,  with  small  crystals  of  selenite. 


GEOLOGY  FROM  SEDALIA   TO  KANSAS  CITY.  179 

One  hundred  yards  up-stream  the  section  appears  thus  : — 

Fig-  59- 


ROTTEN 

COX'S      JOHNSON    CO . 

The  same  beds  are  seen  at  Hines,  near  the  east  county  line,  west 
of  Pilot  Knob,  at  which  place  we  have  the  following  section  : — 

No.  I — 50  feet  from  top  of  hills,  some  sandstone  in  upper 
part. 

2 — 20  feet  outcrop  of  sandstone  at  top,  with  limestone  on  lower 
slope,  resembling  No.  24  of  Gen.  Sec. 

4 — 4  feet  clay  shales. 

5 — 2  feet  nodular  calcareous  bed,  containing  Prod,  costatus, 
Prod,  muricatus,  Sp.  cameratus,  Athyris  stibtilita,  Chonetes  Ver- 
ncuiliana. 

6 — Bituminous  coal,  I  foot  or  more. 

On  Lash's  land,  in  Sec.  30,  T.  47,  R.  24,  is  an  outcrop  of  coal  in 
a  branch  leading  off  west ;  overlying  it  we  find  shales  somewhat 
ochrey  and  containing  round  concretions  of  dark-blue  limestone, 
with  fossils,  including  Prod,  muricatus,  Pleurotomaria  sphernlata, 
PI.  depressa?  Athyris  subtilita,  a  small  Goniatite,  and  a  small 
Acephala,  which  may  be  a  Pleurophorus.  These  beds  probably 
occupy  the  horizon  of  Langston's  and  Cox's  coal. 

Between  two  and  three  miles  south  is  the  well-known  "  Ramey  " 
bank.  It  is  now  owned  by  Sylvester  Orr,  and  leased  by  Roberts 
and  Sickles.  The  coal  is  equivalent  to  the  "  Higgins  "  coal,  cor- 
responding to  No.  1 8,  Gen.  Sec.  It  is  a  hard,  black,  bituminous 
variety,  sometimes  with  streaks  of  more  brilliant  black ;  has  some- 
times mineral  charcoal  between  the  laminae  and  calcite  plates  be- 
tween the  joints.  Between  some  of  the  horizontal  laminae  are  re- 
mains of  Cordaites,  and  probably  portions  of  a  larger  plant  which 
often  contain  iron  pyrites  throughout.  The  coal  is  24  to  28  inches 
thick. 


180  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

An  analysis  of  the  coal  by  Mr.  Chauvenet  gives  the  following  : — 

Water 5.87 

Volatile 40.06 

F.  Carbon 43-45 

Ash 10.62 

Color  of  Ash dark  gray 

Sp.  grav 1.377 

The  overlying  shales  are  10  feet  thick,  the  upper  portion  blue 
clay,  the  lower  dark  bituminous,  containing  fossils,  viz.  :  Discina 
Missouriensis  (Sw.),  Aviculopccten  rectilateraria  (Cox),  Lingula 
carbonaria,  Sk.,  and  a  very  pretty  specimen  of  Palceoniscus,  which 
may  be  P.  gracilis  of  Newberry. 

At  Mr.  James  Mudd's  coal-bank,  just  west  of  the  south-east  corner 
of  Sec.  8,  T.  46,  R.  24,  a  shaft  is  sunk  20  feet,  passing  mostly 
through  clay  shales.  The  coal  (No.  27  of  Gen.  Sec.)  is  of  good 
quality,  21  to  24  inches  thick,  with  occasional  bands  of  pyrites, 
and  in  the  vertical  joints  are  plates  of  calcite.  Upon  unpacking,  I 
find  the  coal  covered  with  minute  crystals  of  iron  sulphate. 
Between  the  coal-laminae  were  observed  obscure  markings  of  a 
lycopodiaceous  plant  with  minute  longitudinal  scars.  Overlying 
the  coal  is  3  feet  of  dark-blue  pyritiferous  shaly  limestone,  abound- 
ing in  fossils,  including  Prodnctus  muricatus,  Prod,  semireticulattis, 
Nnculaventricosa,  Spirifer  earner atus,  Sp.  Kentuckensis,  Sp.  plano- 
convexus,  Chonetes  mesoloba,  CJi.  Verneuiliana,  Cli.  Flemingii, 
Hemipronites  crassus,  Athyris  subtilita,  Rhynchonella  Osagcnsis, 
Retzia  punctulifera,  Pleurotomaria  speciosa?  (M.  &  W.},Pl.  Gray- 
villensis,  BelleropJwn  percarinatus,  B.  carbonarius,  B.  Montforti- 
anus,  Discina  Missouriensis,  Orthoceras  cribrosum,  Spirifer  line- 
atus,  Crinoid  stems  and  cone-in-cone  structure. 

Six  miles  south-west  of  Knob  Noster,  on  the  head  of  a  branch 
running  westwardly,  we  have  :-— 

No.  i — 55  feet  of  sandy  shales  [equivalent  to  No.  33  of  Gen. 
Sec]. 

2 — 7  inches  coal. 

3 — i  foot  of  fine  clay  and  shales,  with  remains  of  calamites  and 
sigillarise. 


GEOLOGY  FROM  SEDALIA   TO  KANSAS  CITY.  jSi 

A  quarter  of  a  mile  down-stream  we  have,  on  a  horizon  just  below 
the  above-named — 

Section  9. 

No.  i — 13  feet  mostly  shales,  with  an  outcrop  of  shaly  coal,  and 
a  lenticular  bed  of  ironstone  near  the  lower  part. 

2 — 1 6  inches  black  calcareous  shales,  with  Prod,  muricatus,  Pro- 
ductus  Prattenianus,  Prod,  costatus,  Prod,  scmireticulatus,  Chonetes 
mesoloba,  Ch.  Flemingii,  Athyris  subtilita,  Spirifer  Kentuckensis, 
Sp.  earner atus,  OrtJioceras  cribrosum,  Bcllcrophon  percarinatus, 
and  Crinoid  stems. 

3 — 2  inches  black  shales  with  Spirifer  {Martinia)  planoconvexus 
and  Athyris  subtilita. 

4 — 6  inches  soft,  bituminous  shale. 

5 — 16  inches  coal  [=  No.  27  of  Gen.  Sec.]. 

One  hundred  yards  further  down-stream  : — 

Section  10. 

No.  i — Smut  and  particles  of  rotten  coal. 

2 — 5  feet  blue,  yellow  and  brown  shales,  and  fire-clay. 

3 — 4  inches  calcareous  shales. 

4 — 6  inches  rotten  coal. 

5 — 5  feet  variegated  shales. 

6 — 4  inches  snuff-colored  shales,  with  gypsum. 

7 — 2  feet  alternations  of  blue  and  yellow  clay. 

8 — 2  inches  coal. 

9 — 6  inches  yellow,  brown  and  blue  clay. 

10 — 13  inches  bituminous  coal. 

ii — Fire-clay. 

In  this  vicinity  fragments  of  limestone  were  observed  on  the  hill- 
tops, closely  resembling  the  limestone  over  the  Warrensburgh  coal. 

On  Copperas  Branch,  about  Sec.  32,  T.  45,  R.  24,  a  number  of 
fossils  were  obtained  from  deep-blue  concretionary  limestone,  in- 
cluding Cardiamorpha  Missouriensis,  Cardium  f  Lexingtonensis, 
Nucula  ventricosa,  Spiriferina  Kentuckensis,  Sp.  {Martinia}  plano- 
convexuSy  Sp.  (Martinia)  lineatus,  Productus  muricatus,  Bellero- 

phon ,  Plenrotomaria  depressa,  Nautilus planivolvis  f  and  Prod. 

costatus.     This   group  of  fossils  is  similar  to  that  noted  above  as 
being  found  at  Lash's. 

At  Neal's  coal-bank,  in  Sec.  II,  T.  45,  R.  25,  are  similar  fossils  in 
an  evenly-bedded  deep  blue  limestone,  with  deep-blue  bituminous 


1 82  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

shales  overlying  the  coal,  from  which  bed  I  collected  Cardiamorpha 
Missouriensis,  Cardium  ?  Lexingtonensis,  Rliynclwnella  Osagensis, 
AtJiyris  subtilita,  Prod,  muricatus,  Goniatites  Hathawayanus 
(McC.).  Impressions  of  plants  occur  in  the  coal,  which  may  be  re- 
ferred to  Stigmarioides  ? 

Reavis's  and  Tarhorst's  coal -banks,  up  creek  one-quarter  and  a 
half  mile  west,  occupy  the  same  stratigraphical  position  as  Neal's, 
and  can  be  referred  to  No.  18  of  General  Section. 

Warrensburgh  Group. — In  lot  No.  4,  of  the  north-west  quarter 
of  Sec.  5,  T.  44,  R.  24,  we  find  near  the  hill-top  occasional  outcrops 
of  ash-colored  limestone,  often  abounding  in  Productus  muricatus, 
showing  a  red  nacre,  and  sometimes  containing  minute  particles  of 
zinc-blende ;  from  its  fossils,  and  its  position  in  the  hills,  I  am  dis- 
posed to  refer  it  to  No.  40  of  General  Section.  If  this  conclusion  be 
correct,  the  coal  at  Mrs.  Wingfield's,  in  Lot  3  of  north-west  quarter 
of  Sec.  5,  T.  44,  R.  24,  must  be  equivalent  to  the  Warrensburgh 
coal.  The  seam  at  Mrs.  Wingfield's  is  22  inches  thick  ;  is  a  hard, 
black,  brilliant  coal ;  contains  very  little  iron  pyrites ;  has  impressions 
of  plants  with  round  scars  placed  a  little  less  than  an  inch  from  centre 
to  centre.  The  coal  is  overlaid  by  a  brown  ochrey  shale,  containing 
Lepidodendron.  The  underclay  is  blue,  with  Stigmaria  ficoides. 

An  analysis  of  Mrs.  Wingfield's  coal  by  Mr.  Chauvenet  gives  the 
following  results  : — : 

Water 7.31 

Volatile 41-88 

F.  Carbon 46. 36 

Ash 4-45 

Color  of  Ash pale  brown 

Sp.  grav 1.252 

Sulphur 4.304 

Total  Carbon 72. 34 

Hydrogen 5-^2 

Near  the  212  mile-post  on  the  Pacific  Railroad,  and  just  west  of 
Carbon  Hill,  I  obtained  the  following  : — 

Section  30. 

No.  i — 4  feet  nodules  of  limestone  and  fossils,  many  good 
specimens  weathered  out,  including  Prod,  muricatus,  Athyris  sub- 
tilita, LopJiophyllum  proliferum  and  Spirifer  cameratus,  RJiynclio- 
nella  Osagensis,  Spirifer  (Martinici)  planoconvexus. 


GEOLOGY  FROM  SEDALIA  TO  KANSAS  CITY.  183 

2 — \y>,  feet  of  earthy-looking,  mottled,  ashy  gray  and  blue 
limestone,  containing  Prod,  muricatus,  Sp.  cameratus  and  Chonetes 
nicsoloba  and  Crinoid  stems. 

3 — 3*^  feet  blue  and  bituminous  shales,  abounding  in  fossils, 
especially  in  a  pyritiferous  layer,  including  BcllcropJwn  Carbona- 
ria,  B,  Kansasensis,  B.  Montfortiana,  B.  percarinatus,  Pleuroto- 
maria  subconstricta,  Loxoncma  ceritJiiformis,  Discina  Missouriensis, 
Orthoceras  cribrosum,  Nautilus  •  — ,  Chonetes  Flemingii,  Ch. 
mcsoloba,  Ch.  Verneuiliana,  Hemipronites  crassus,  Spirifer  camera- 
tus, Nuculaventricosa,  Sp.  Kentuckensis,  Atkyrissubtilita,  Goniatites 
Hathaway  amis?  Lyonsia?  pretensa,  AtJiyris  Missouriensis  (Sw.), 
Prod.  muricatus,  Avicttlopecten  pellucidus,  Aviculopecten  Coxanus, 

Solcnomya ,  Astartella  concentrica,  Nuculana  bellistriata,  Mya- 

lina  —  — ,  CordaiteSy  Macrodon  carbonaria. 

4 — 22  inches  coal,  with  plant  impressions. 

5 — 8  feet  shaly  slope. 

6 — 2  feet  nodular  limestone  ;  contains  Productus  punctatus  and 
Spirifer  lineatus. 

7 — 10  feet  dark-gray  micaceous  sandy  shales. 

At  the  railroad,  about  the  horizon  of  No.  3,  we  find  dark-blue  con- 
cretionary limestone  beds  abounding  in  Cardiamorpha  Missouri- 
ensis, Spirifer  lineatus,  Prod,  muricatus,  RhyncJionella  Osagensis, 
Aviculopecten  rcctilateraria  /  also  contains  the  stem  of  a  plant. 

At  Rudy's,  which  is  probably  in  the  south  part  of  Sec.  II,  T.  45, 
R.  25,  we  have — 

Section  25. 

No.  i  — 15  feet  slope  from  hill-top. 

2 — Outcrop  of  shelly  brown  limestone. 

3 — 15  feet  slope  ;  a  good  many  fossils  were  found  weathered  out, 
including  AtJiyris  subtilita,  Chonetes  mesoloba,  Productus  murica- 
tus, Cyathaxonia  prolifera,  Allorisma  regularis  and  Petrodus  occi- 
dcntalis. 

4 — 5  feet  slope. 

5 — 1 8  inches  bluish-drab,  compact  limestone;  weathers  brown; 
contains  Prod,  semireticulatus,  Chonetes  Verneuiliana  and  Spirifer 
lineatus  and  AtJiyris. 

6 — 2  feet  bituminous  shales  ;  contains  Petrodus  occidentalis,  Dis- 
cina Missouriensis. 

7 — Concealed  coal. 


1 84  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

8 — 25  feet  sandy  slope  ;  some  hard  sandstone.  The  fossils  in  No. 
3  are  of  similar  type  to  those  in  No.  40,  therefore  I  have  placed 
this  section  in  the  Warrensburgh  group,  although  from  the  sur- 
rounding topography  I  was  inclined  at  first  to  give  it  a  higher 
position  in  the  series. 

The  Warrensburgh  Coal  (No.  35  of  Gen.  Sec.)  is  mined  at  many 
places  around  Warrensburgh.  From  many  sections  taken  I  select 
a  few,  as  follows  : — 

At  Gowdy's,  east  of  the  town  one  mile,  we  have — 

No.   i — 27  feet  slope  and  clay. 

2 — 3  feet  nodular  limestone  and  shales. 

3 — 4  feet  limestone. 

4 — 4  feet  shales. 

5 — 2  feet  bituminous  shales. 

6 — 3  feet  clay  shales. 

7 — 22  inches  coal. 

An  analysis  of  Gowdy's  coal  by  Mr.  Chauvenet  gives  the  follow- 
ing :— 

Water 5.60 

Volatile 44-95 

F.  Carbon 44-45 

Ash ? 5.00 

Color  of  Ash pale-brown 

Sp.  grav 1.228 

The  last  section  was  taken  near  the  head  of  Pott's  Branch.  Along 
this  branch  the  coal  is  mined  at  many  places,  and  always  by  horizontal 
drifts.  It  is  generally  from  1 8  to  22  inches  thick  and  often  beauti- 
fully irridescent  The  underclay  contains  Stigmaria  ficoides.  Plants 
are  sometimes  found  in  the  coal,  occurring  as  pyritous  plates. 

In  Zimmerman's  coal,  two  and  a  half  miles  east  of  Warrens- 
burgh, are  thin  pyritous  plates  of  plants,  somewhat  rugose,  with 
minute  pits  a  quarter-inch  apart,  about  one  and  one-third  times  as 
long  as  broad,  and  arranged  in  a  lozenge  form. 

At  Rock  &  Co.  mines  on  Railroad,  2  miles  west  of  Warrens- 
burgh, we  have — 

Section  29. 

No.  i — Shales. 

2 — 2  feet  of  limestone,  upper  layer  of  7  inches,  separated  by  5 


GEOLOGY  FROM  SEDALIA   TO  KANSAS  CITY.  185 

inches  of  shale  from  a  lower  layer  of  10  inches  ;  contains  Prod. 
muricatus. 

3 — 10  inches  olive  shale. 

4 — 2  feet  bituminous  shale. 

5 — 2^  feet  blue  shales,  with  dull-blue  calcareo-pyritiferous  con- 
cretions ;  contains  Prod,  muricatus. 

6 — 27  inches  light-blue  clay  shales. 

7 — 1 8  inches  bituminous  coal. 

From  concretions  in  the  overlying  shales  I  obtained  Cardiamor- 
pJiia  Missouriensis. 

At  several  places  in  this  neighborhood  Prod,  muricatus  is  found 
very  abundant  on  the  slope  below  the  limestone.  One  fish-tooth 
was  also  found. 

On  Pott's  Branch,  a  half-mile  below  Gowdy's,  I  obtained  the  fol- 
lowing : — 

Sec.  32. 

No.  i — 6  feet  outcrops  of  limestone,  containing  Productus  muri- 
catus. [=  No.  40,  Gen.  Sec.] 

2 — Slope. 

3 — 1 6  to  1 8  inches  coal. 

4 — 2  feet  fine  clay. 

5 — Slope  ;  at  45  feet  below  No.  I  we  find  I  foot  of  coal  with  3 
feet  of  fine  clay  beneath,  and  just  up  the  branch  about  60  feet,  I 
observed  2  feet  of  rough-looking  limestone,  containing  Productus 
semireticulatus  [=  No.  24  of  Gen.  Sec.].  The  coal  in  the  branch 
I  refer  to  No.  21  of  Gen.  Sec. 

Above  the  limestone,  No.  40  of  Gen.  Sec.,  there  is  a  great 
thickness  of  sandstone  ;  a  well  dug  near  the  normal-school  build- 
ing, at  Warrensburgh,  is  reported  to  have  passed  through  95  feet 
of  it.  This  may  include  the  upper  clays  and  local  drift  of  10 
or  15  feet;  but  its  greatest  thickness  is  certainly  a  little  over  80 
feet. 

The  upper  beds  are  mostly  either  in  thin  layers  or  shaly  ;  the 
sandstone  is  generally  composed  of  coarse,  round,  and  sometimes 
clear,  silicious  grains,  cemented  by  ferruginous  matter,  forming 
either  a  brownish-gray  or  reddish-brown  sandstone.  Ironstone 
concretions  often  occur,  sometimes  forming  cavities  of  several  inches 
in  diameter,  the  sides  composed  of  hard  oxide  of  iron,  sometimes 
banded  red,  dark  and  brown. 


1 86  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

The  lower  division  includes  from  40  to  60  feet  of  coarse  gray  or 
drab  sandstone,  and  occupies  the  top  and  sides  of  the  bluffs  on  the 
Blackwater  north  of  Warrensburgh. 

At  Sheppard's  quarry,  I  mile  north  of  the  town,  the  rock  is  a 
coarse  gray  or  drab,  thick-bedded  micaceous  sandstone. 

At  Davis's  quarry,  north  of  Sheppard's,  the  rock  is  a  bluish-gray 
micaceous  sandstone  ;  the  upper  bed  is  over  18  feet  thick,  with  no 
apparent  seam  except  on  the  north  side,  where  there  appears  several 
knife-edges  of  coal  passing  horizontally  and  upward,  the  thickest 
not  over  a  half-inch  in  thickness. 

West  of  the  last,  on  Gen.  Cocknell's  land,  near  the  Blackwater,  we 
have  about  50  feet  of  thick  beds  of  light-drab  micaceous  sandstone, 
with  some  appearance  of  conglomerate  at  the  base,  and  at  one 
place  beneath  the  sandstone  I  observed  an  outcrop  of  gray  lime- 
stone, containing  LopliopJiyllum  proliferum,  and  abounding  in 
Spirifer  lineatus. 

At  Moore's  quarry,  on  the  Blackwater,  two  miles  north-west  of 
Cocknell's,  we  have  25  to  30  feet  outcrop  of  a  similar  sandstone, 
coarser  than  Cocknell's,  and  somewhat  buff-stained  It  appears  in 
one  bed  of  over  20  feet  in  thickness. 

At  Warrensburgh  I  obtained  only  one  specimen  of  the  Equise- 
tacecz. 

In  Davis's  quarry  are  minute  black  fragments  of  plants.  No 
other  fossils  were  observed. 

No.  6  of  the  following  section,  taken  on  the  Post  Oak,  in  north-east 
quarter,  Sec.  9,  T.  45,  R.  26,  I  refer  to  the  horizon  of  the  War- 
rensburgh sandstone. 

Section  31. 

No.  i — 15  feet  slope  from  hill-top. 

2—3  feet  ash-gray  limestone  ;  abounds  in  Chcetetes  milleporaceus 
and  Fusulina  cylindrica.  ' 

3 — 21  feet  slope. 

4 — 3  feet  brown  limestone,  abounding  in  Spirifer  lineatus 
'[=  No.  50  of  Gen.  Sec.]. 

5 — 7  feet  slope,  outcrops  bituminous  shales  and  coal. 

6 — 60  feet  dark-drab,  sandy  shales. 

7 — I  foot  bluish-drab,  nodular  limestone. 

8 — 3  feet  shaly  slope. 

9 — 10  inches  limestone  ;   weathers  brown  ;  fracture  shows   ash- 


GEOLOGY  FROM  SEDALIA  TO  KANSAS  CITY.  jS; 

blue  ;  contains  Prod,  muricatus,  Prod.  Prattenianus,  Sp.  cameratus, 
Sp. planoconvcxus  [=  No.  40  of  Gen.  Sec.]. 

10 — 3  feet  dark,  ash-colored  shales  ;  contains  Prod,  mitricatns, 
Spirifer  (Martinia)  planoconvexus  and  Plcurotomaria. 

II — 4  inches  limestone. 

12 — Bituminous  shales. 

Lexington  Group. — The  following  is  section  at  Judge  Adams's, 
about  south-west  quarter,  Sec.  n,  T.  45,  R.  25  : — 

Sec.  24. 

No.  I —  3  feet  bluish-drab  limestone  ;  contains  Chcetetes  millepo- 
r  ace  us. 

2 — 27  feet  slope. 

3 — 4  feet  irregularly  bedded  grayish-drab  limestone. 

4 — 14  feet  slope. 

5 — 22  inches ;  even  bed  of  bluish-drab  limestone  ;  weathers 
brown. 

6— Bituminous  shale  ;  coal  said  to  be  under  it. 
f    At  Mr.  McClellan's  coal-bank,  in  the  north-east  quarter,  Sec.  9,  T. 
45,  R. 26:- 

Section  $ia. 

No.  i  —  56  inches  limestone;  weathers  light-brown;  upper  2^/2 
feet  even  bed  ;  below,  irregular  and  somewhat  concretionary  ;  con- 
tains a  small  Crinoid,  Fusulina  cylindrica,  Spirifer  (Martinia)  linea- 
tus,  LophopJiyllum  prolifcrum,  and  Discina  Missouriensis. 

2 — 8  inches  of  bituminous  shales,  somewhat  jointed  at  lower 
part ;  contains  some  small  calcareo-pyritiferous  concretions.  Avicu- 
lopecten  rectilateraria  in  lower  part. 

,  3 — 5  inches  slaty  cannel-coal,  abounding  in  fossils;  is  jointed  ;  has 
subconchoidal  fracture  and  dull  appearance  ;  fossils  appear  between 
the  laminae,  and  are  generally  converted  to  iron  pyrites,  and  include 
Ortkoceras  cribrosum,  Bellerophon  carbonarius,  a  small  species  of 
Pleurotomaria,  which  may  be  P.  Grayvillensis?  a  Murchisonia  ? 
a  Crinoid (Poteriocrinus  ?},Lophophyllumproliferum, Lingula  carbo- 
naria,  Aviculopccten  rectilateraria,  Productus  muricatus,  Solenomya 
soleniformis  ?  Edmondia  unioniformis ,  Cordaites  and  Neuropteris 
(small  sp.). 

6 — Bituminous  coal,  of  good  quality ;  has  calcite  plates  between 
joints  ;  18  inches. 

7 — Soft,  dark  shale,  with  remains  of  Cordaites. 


1 8 8  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

The  following  section  was  made  on  the  east  side  of  Brush  Creek, 
commencing  in  the  railroad  cut  and  extending  to  Brush  Creek, 
three-quarters  of  a  mile  north  :— 

Section  35. 

No.  i — 13  feet  earth  and  clay  ;  soil  2  feet. 

2 — 2  feet  light-drab,  tolerably  fine-grained  limestone  ;  abounds 
in  Spirifer  lineatus,  supposed  to  be  the  equivalent  of  No.  64. 

3 — 10  feet  buff,  shaly  sandstone  ;  a  few  fucoids  in  upper  part ; 
also  contains  Caulcrpitcs  marginatus. 

4 — 23  feet  slope. 

5 — Outcrop  of  limestone,  containing  small  Crinoid  stems,  Bryozoa, 
large  Fusulina  cylindrica,  and  abounds  in  Chcetetcs  milleporaccus  ; 
upper  part  weathers  brown  [=  No.  55  of  Gen.  Sec.]. 

6,  7,  and  8 — includes  32  feet;  on  the  upper  21  appear  outcrops 
of  sandstone,  thin  blue  shelly  limestone,  and  slope  below. 

9 — Limestone,  with  remains  of  Crinoid  stems. 

10 — 8  feet  slope. 

1 1 — 4  feet  limestone. 

Section  34  is  made  up  of  the  lower  beds  of  Section  35  and  other 
outcrops  on  the  west  side  of  the  creek,  and  appears  thus  :— 

Section  34. 

No.  i — 6  feet  earthy  slope  ;  hill-top. 

2 — Sandstone,  with  peculiar  ripple-like  markings,  arranged  regu- 
larly on  either  side  of  a  narrow  flat  surface — maybe  fossil  [=  No.  61 
of  Gen.  Sec.]. 

3 — 42  feet  slope. 

4 — Limestone,  with  Clicetetes  and  Fusulina  [—  No.  55] • 

5 — Slope,  about  40  feet. 

6 — 8  feet  limestone,  weathers  brown  ;  contains  Athyris  subtilita, 
Spirifer  lineatus,  Zaphrentis,  Fusulina  cylindrica,  Productus  Prat- 
tenianus,  Prod,  costatus,  Prod,  splendens, 

7 — i  foot  yellowish  calcareous  shales  ;  abounds  in  Spirifer  (Mar- 
tinid]  planoconvexus,  Athyris  subtilita,  Sp.  cameratus,  Spirifer 
Kentuckensis,  Chonetes  mesoloba,  Ch.  Verneuiliana. 

8  —  i  foot  black  shales. 

9 — 6  inches  argillaceous  limestone  ;  ash,  drab-color  ;  contains  Sp. 
planoconvexus,  Allorisma  regularis. 

10 — 2  feet  light-green  clay  shales. 

II — 6  inches  limestone,  like  No.  9. 


GEOLOGY  FROM  SEDALIA  TO  KANSAS  CITY.  189 

12 — 3  feet  bituminous  shales  ;  a  calcareous  stratum  in  the  lower 
part,  containing  Athyris  siibtilita. 

In  the  south-east  quarter  of  Sec.  21,  T.  46,  R.  27,  on  Graham's 
land,  is  an  outcrop  of  coal  which  is  sometimes  worked  ;  overlying 
it  I  observed  a  5 -inch  cannel-coal  stratum  similar  to  that  seen  at 
McClellan's,  and  also  fossiliferous.  The  position  of  this  coal  is  a 
little  below  No.  12  of  Sec.  34. 

At  Murray's  Ford,  on  the  Blackwater,  in  Sec.  16,  T.  46,  R.  27, 
our  section  includes  both  the  overlying  limestone  and  the  coal, 
and  is  as  follows : — 

Section  36. 

No.  i — 10  feet  slope. 

2 — 8  feet  of  outcrops  of  rough  limestone  ;  contains  Ch&tctes  mille- 
poraceus,  Fusulina  cylindrica,  Prod,  costatus,  Spirifer  lineatns, 
Athyris  sub  t  Hit  a. 

3 — 1 1  feet  of  olive-colored  shales  ;  some  calcareous  nodules  in  the 
lower  part ;  contains  also  Prod,  muricatus,  Prod,  cequicostatus, 
Clionetes  mesoloba,  and  Athyris  subtilita,  P.  splendens  ? 

4 — 30  inches  limestone  ;  contains  Spirifer  lineatus,  Meekella  stri- 
ato-costata,  Sp.  cameratus,  Productus  costatus,  and  Prod,  splen- 
dens. 

5 — 1}4  feet  shaly  beds  ;  abounds  in  Spirifer  (Martinid],  plano- 
convexus. 

6 — 6  feet  bituminous  shales. 

7 — 14  inches  outcrop  bituminous  coal. 

8 — 4^  feet  to  the  creek. 

A  half-mile  above  Murray's  Ford  we  have — 

Sec.  36^. 

No.  i — 3  feet  limestone  in  even  strata;  weathers  brown. 

2 — 8  feet  bituminous  shale  ;  in  the  lower  part  there  is  an  occasional 
black  calcareo-ferruginous  bed,  often  as  much  as  2  feet  thick,  and 
traversed  by  numerous  calcareous  reticulations  ;  fossils  are  Cardia- 
morpha  Missouriensis  and  a  small  Goniatites. 

3 — 5  inches  hard  black  slate ;  contains  Productus  muricatus,  Chone- 
tes  mesoloba,  Prod.  Prattenianus,  Sp.  cameratus,  Solenomya  soleni- 

formis,  Lingula ,  Discina  Missouriensis,  and  a  small  crushed 

specimen  of  Pleurotomaria.  Between  the  layers  are  occasional 
thin  pyritous  plates,  with  calcite  between  the  joints. 

4 — About  2 5  feet  of  slope. 


1 90  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

5 — Calcareous  sandstone  in  branch,  with  Caulcrpites  marginatus, 
Prod,  punctatus,  Prod,  costatus  and  Hemipronites  crassus. 

On  Mr.  Brown's  land,  about  Sec.  17,  T.  46,  R.  27,  the  coal  is 
about  19  inches  thick,  traversed  by  a  few  pyritous  veins  ;  other- 
wise the  quality  seems  good.  The  overlying  black  shale  contains 
BelleropJwn  carbonarius,  Chonetes  mesoloba,  Prod,  muricatus,  and 
a  few  Crinoid  stems. 

At  Hammond's  Ford,  three-quarters  of  a  mile  south-west  :— 

Sec.  37. 

No.  I — 37  feet  slope  from  hill-top. 

2 — 2  or  more  feet  limestone,  like  36,  No.  4. 

3 — 37  feet  slope. 

4 — 2  feet  shelly  calcareous  sandstone  ;  contains  Productus  puncta- 
tus, Sp.  camerattis,  and  Prod,  costatus, 

5 — 6  inches  coal. 

6 — 24  feet  shaly  slope. 

From  12  to  15  miles  west  of  Warrensburgh,  on  and  near  the  old 
main  road  from  Warrensburgh  to  Pleasant  Hill,  our  section  includes— 

No.  I — 12  feet  slope,  with  buff  sandstone  in  lower  part. 

2 — 3  feet  dark,  ash-blue  limestone  ;  contains  some  chert ;  the  upper 
portion  is  brown,  with  a  metallic  ring ;  contains  Fusulina  cylindri- 
ca,  Chcetetes  milleporaceiis  and  Zaphrentis  /  total  thickness  not  seen 
here,  but  from  observations  elsewhere  I  make  it  about  9  feet. 

3 — 1 1  feet  slope. 

4 — Outcrop  of  limestone  ;  contains  AtJiyris  subtilita,  Sp.  lineatus, 
and  a  Fusulina  somewhat  smaller  than  that  found  in  No.  2. 

5 — 33  feet  slope. 

6 — 4  feet  even-bedded  limestone  [=  No.  50,  Gen.  Sec.]. 

7 — 3^  feet  dark,  ash-clay  shales. 

8 — 2  feet  bituminous  shales,  with  black  calcareous  concretions, 
containing  Chonetes  mesoloba,  Discina  Missouriensis ,  and  Cardia- 
morpha  Missouriensis. 

9 — Lower  slope  covered  with  debris  from  above  ;  16  inches  coal 
concealed. 

On  Moses  Tapscott's  land,  on  the  bluffs  on  south  side  of  the 
Blackwater,  in  T.  46,  near  line  between  Ranges  27  and  28,  the  sec- 
tion appears  as  follows  : — 

No.  i — Outcrop  of  whitish  limestone,  containing  a  little  chert. 

2 — 40  feet  slope. 


GEOLOGY  FROM  SEDALIA  TO  KANSAS  CITY.  191 

2.y2 — 3  feet  limestone,  with  Spirifer  lineatus. 

3 — 8  feet  bituminous  shale. 

4 — 1 8  inches  cannel-coal  [=  No.  45  of  Gen.  Sec.]. 

5 — 6  inches  bituminous  coal. 

6 — i  foot  calcareo-pyritiferous  bed. 

7 — 6  inches  bituminous  coal. 

From  No.  3  I  obtained  a  Natctilus  and  a  Productus  muricatus 
(with  very  long  spines).  No.  4  corresponds  to  the  upper  slaty  coal 
of  McClellan's,  and  is  used  at  the  steam-mill  2  miles  east  of  Holden, 
for  which  purpose  it  is  said  to  answer  well.  Some  calcite  plates  occur 
in  the  joints.  From  this  stratum  I  obtained  Avicidopecten  rectilate- 

raria,  Lingula ,  and  a  fragment  of  a  large  Larnellibranchiate, 

probably  a  Myalina.  Some  of  the  fossils  are  pyritous,  and  occa- 
sional pyritous  plates  are  intercalated. 

An  analysis  of  Tapscott's  coal  by  Mr.  Chauvenet  gives  the  follow- 
ing :— 

Water 3.30 

Volatile 36.85 

F.   Carbon   33-O5 

Ash 26.80 

Color  of  Ash light-slate 

Sp.  grav 1 . 529 

Total  Carbon 58.01 

Hydrogen 5-036 

At  Ray's  coal-bank,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  west,  the  bituminous 
coal  is  16  inches  thick,  with  8  feet  of  bituminous  shale  and  16 
inches  of  limestone  above  it.  In  the  overlying  bituminous  shale  I  ob- 
served a  good  many  fossils,  including  Solenomyasoleniformis  (Cox), 
Chonetes  mesoloba,  CJt.  Verneuiliana,  Prod,  muricatus,  Prod.  Wa- 
bas/iensis,  Spirifer  cameratus,  Sp.  Kentuckensis,  Orthoceras  cribro- 
sum,  Bellerophon  carbonarius,  Lexonema  cerithiformis,  Pleuroto- 
maria  Grayvillensis,  a  Nautilus,  a  Lingula,  and  a  very  small  Macro- 
clicilus. 

Near  East  Pin  Oak,  2  miles  east  of  Holden,  No.  55  forms  a  bench 
4  feet  high,  extending  for  a  short  distance  along  the  stream.  It  is 
there  mostly  of  a  grayish  or  drab  ash-color,  and  contains  Athyris 
sub  t  Hit  a,  Sp.  lineatus,  Prod,  cost  at  us,  Archceocidaris  megastylus, 
Fusulina  cylindrica  and  CJuztetes  milleporaceus  abounds.  One  spe- 


1 92  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

cimen  shows  it  surrounding  a  Zaphrcntis.  Across  the  creek,  near 
the  railroad,  the  upper  part  is  more  brown.  From  it  I  obtained 
similar  fossils  to  those  last  named,  together  with  Loxonema  rugosa, 
Spirifer  (Martiuia)  planoconvexus,  Prod,  costatus,  and  Clionetcs.  • 
From  the  same  rock  I  obtained  in  the  creek,  west  of  Holden,  the 
Pygidium  and  Glabella  of  a  small  Phillipsia. 

On  the  east  side  of  Sally's  Fork  of  the  Pin  Oak,  i  ^  miles  north 
of  Holden,  we  have — 

Sec.  38. 

No.  I — 2  feet  of  nodular  limestone,  with  Productus  costatus, 
Meckella  striato-costata  and  Hemipronites  crassus. 

2 — 9  feet  slope. 

3 — 41^  feet  light-drab  limestone,  fine  grained  ;  contains  Fusulina 
cylindrica,  Archceocidaris,  and  CJicetetes  milleporaceus,  the  latter 
appearing  in  fringe-like  borders  on  the  face  of  the  rock  ;  in  some 
specimens  the  coarser  tubes  appear  in  small  clusters  projecting  about 
a  quarter  of  an  inch  beyond  the  finer  [=No.  55  of  Gen.  Sec.]. 

4 — Is  14  feet  of  sandstone  (=  No.  54  of  Gen.  Sec.). 

5 — Outcrop  of  brown  limestone. 

6 — 17  feet  slope  to  the  water  in  the  creek. 

A  half-mile  further  down  the  creek — 

Section  39. 

No.  i — Slope. 

2 — 41^  feet  limestone,  ferruginous  on  top,  like  No.  3  of  Sec.  38. 

3 — 19  feet  slope. 

4 — 9  feet,  irregularly  bedded,  contains  some  chert,  also  Fusulina 
cylindrica  and  Productus  costatus  (=  No.  52  of  Gen.  Sec.). 

At  the  junction  of  East  and  West  Pin  Oak  we  find  No.  4  of 
Sec.  39  cropping  out  36  feet  above  No.  50  of  Gen.  Sec. 

The  following  section  was  made  two  years  ago  on  the  Missouri 
bluffs,  just  below  Lexington  : — 

No.    I — Bluff  formation. 

2 — Shales. 

3 — 4  feet  rough-bedded,  drab  limestone  ;  abounds  in  CJicetetes 
milleporaceus  ;  also  contains  some  large  Crinoid  stems,  Fusulina 
cylindrica,  Athyris  subtilita,  Spirifer  lineatus.  At  top  we  have  a 
brown  bed,  containing  Nuculana  bellistriata,  Bellerophon  Mont- 
fortianus,  Pleurotomaria  and  Myalina. 

4 — 5  feet  drab  shales  with  limestone  nodules. 


GEOLOGY  FROM  SED ALIA  TO  KANSAS  CITY. 


193 


5  —  5  f£et  hard  brown  sandstone. 

6  —  2  feet  shales  and  fine  clay  —  light  olive,  with  red  splotches. 

7  —  5  inches  black  and  olive  shales. 

8  —  5  feet  blue  clay. 

9  —  4  feet  fine-grained  limestone,  top  brown. 

10  —  3  feet  thin  beds  of  rough  limestone  and  shales. 
n  —  4  feet  blue  shales  and  masses  of   blue   nodular  limestone; 
abounds  in  Clionctes  Flcmingii,  Archtzocidaris  and  Prod,  costatus. 


12  —  4  feet  irregularly-bedded,  dark-blue  lime- 
stone  ;  on  Little  Sniabar  it  is  8  feet  thick,  and 
contains  Rctzia  punctulifera,  Athyris  subtilita, 
Sp.  Kentuckensis,  Sp,  camcratus,  Sp.  lincatus, 
Product  us  semireticulatus,  Prod.  -  ,  Macrochci- 
lus,  Naticopsis,  Bellerophon,  Plezirotomaria,  arms 
of  Crinoids  and  archcsocidaris. 

On  the  Little  Sniabar  and  at  Lexington  I  obtain- 
ed specimens  of  a  very  peculiar  fossil,  which  I  have 
never  found  anywhere  else,  nor  have  I  ever  seen 
a  description  of  a  similar  one.  It  consists  of  a 
central  axis  or  siphuncle,  around  which  are  ar- 
ranged a  succession  of  rather  irregular  septa,  di- 
vided into  numerous  nearly  uniform-sized  seg- 
ments, which  sometimes  give  the  fossil  the  general 
appearance  of  a  small  ear  of  corn.  In  some 
specimens  these  segments  or  grains  are  of  lime- 
stone, separated  by  thin  chalcedonic  walls.  In 
some,  the  central  axis  is  of  dark  limestone,  in 
others  it  is  worn  out.  The  annexed  figures  are 

o 

of  two  distinct  specimens,  one  a  transverse  the 
other  a  longitudinal  section,  marked  A  and  B  re- 
spectively. From  the  latter  we  perceive  the  septa 
have  a  general  curvature  in  one  direction.  None  of 
the  specimens  are  exactly  straight,  nor  do  they  all 
curve  regularly.  Some  curve  suddenly  back, 
others  apparently  anastomose.  I  will  not  under- 
take to  say  to  what  class  or  genus  it  may  belong. 

13—  Bituminous  shale,  6  inches  ;  on  Little  Sni- 
abar, 2  feet. 

14  —  Coal,  generally  22  inches. 
13 


Fig_  6a 


FOSSIL 

FROM  IIMESTONCN* 
CO 


1 94  GEOL  OG  Y  OF  NOR  TH-  WESTERN  MISSO  URL 

15 — 3  feet  shales  and  fire-clay.  The  upper  3  inches  on  Little 
Sniabar  is  bituminous,  then  I  foot  fine  clay. 

16 — 3  feet  hard,  close-grained  limestone  in  one  bed.  On  Little 
Sniabar  it  is  4  feet  thick,  and  rests  on  3  feet  of  clay  ;  abounds  in 
Fusulina  and  a  large  Bcllcrop/wn,  and  at  one  place  I  observed  very 
pretty  Bryozoa. 

17 — 20  feet  blue-red  and  drab  shales. 

1 8 — 3  feet  bituminous  shales. 

19 — o  feet  to  8  inches  coal. 

20 — 4  feet  shales  and  nodules  of  limestones. 

21 — \\  feet  irregularly-bedded,  pyritiferous  limestone. 

22 — 2  feet  shales. 

23 — 2  feet  even-bedded  limestone,  from  which  I  obtained  a  large 
Nautilus. 

Two  miles  below  Lexington  I  observed  a  rough,  brown  lime- 
stone abounding  in  Allorisma  regularis  /  I  suppose  it  to  be  the 
same  as  No.  23  of  the  above  section. 

Holden  Group. — The  following  is  a  section  taken  just  west  of 
Holden  : — 

No.  I — 20  feet  of  mostly  clay  shales  in  thin  layers,  some  ochre- 
ous ;  contains  lenticular  ochreous  concretions ;  some  are  quite 
fossiliferous  and  abound  in  ferns,  mostly  Neuropteris,  also  SpJicno- 
phyllum  and  Annularia,  with  stalks  of  some  other  plant,  whose 
centre  is  sometimes  composed  of  zinc-blende  and  iron  pyrites,  the 
latter  sometimes  changed  to  sulphate  of  iron  ;  some  stems  also 
three-quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  with  a  thin  exterior  calcite 
ring. 

2 — i  foot  of  bituminous  coal  (=  No.  59). 

3 — 4  feet  shales. 

4 — 2  feet  light-drab  limestone  ;  contains  Meekella  striato-costata, 
Prod,  cos  tat  us  (—  No.  57). 

5 — 8  feet  shaly  slope  ;  3  feet  limestone,  covered. 

6 — 16  inches  limestone,  somewhat  nodular  and  shaly ;  contains 
many  fossils,  including  Chonetes  mcsoloba,  Sp.  cameratus,  Prod, 
costatus,  Hemipronites  crassa,  Chonetes  Flcmingii,  Prod,  splendens, 
AtJiyrissubtilita,  Meekella,  Prod.  Prattcnianus,  LopJwpJiyllum  proli- 
fcrum  and  Bryozoa. 

7 — \y2  feet  shales. 

8 — 19  feet  sandstone. 


GEOLOGY  FROM  SEQAZJA  TO  KANSAS  CITY.  ^5 

9 — 8  feet  cherty,  irregularly-bedded  limestone. 

On  the  Blackwater,  at  the  crossing  of  the  Holden  and  Chapel 
Hill  road,  I  observed — 

No.  i — 2  feet  light-drab  and  tolerably  fine-grained  limestone  ;  in 
some  placers  there  are  appearances  of  large  fucoids  (=  No.  64). 

2 — 20  feet  of  dark-olive,  sandy  and  clay  shales  ;  contains  some 
curious  cylindrical  sandstone,  with  concretionary  forms  ;  the  annexed 
figures  are  cross-sections  of  two — natural  size. 

In  south-west  quarter,  Sec.  16,  T.  46,  R.  28,  we  have — 

Sec.  40. 

No.  i — 4  feet  limestone  (=  No.  64  of  Gen.  Sec.). 

2 — 30  feet  shales. 

3 — i  foot  coal  (=  No.  59). 

4 — 6  feet  shales. 

5 — Outcrop  of  drab  limestone. 

6 — 8  feet  slope. 

7 — 4  feet  limestone,  containing  Archceocidaris ;  corresponds  to 
No.  55  of  Gen.  Sec. 

At  one  place  in  this  vicinity  I  observed  an  outcrop  of  brown  lime- 
stone 16  feet  below  No.  i,  and  up  the  branch  200  yards  I  observed 
bituminous  shales,  which  I  am  inclined  to  place  a  little  above  No.  i. 

One  and  a  half  miles  west,  No.  i  forms  the  bed  of  the  Blackwater, 
and  contains  Fusulina  and  Ch&tetes. 

Howe's  quarry  is  about  a  mile  further  west.  The  rock  there  is  a 
soft,  brown  sandstone  in  thick  beds,  and  occupies  a  higher  geologi- 
cal position  than  the  rocks  we  have  been  speaking  of. 

Cass  County. 

The  following  section,  at  the  forks  of  Big  Creek,  near  Stras- 
burgh : — 

No.  i — 2  feet  drab  limestone,  somewhat  rough,  nodular,  and 
shelly  ;  contains  Clitztetes  milleporaccus  and  Fusulina  cylindYica. 

2 — 6  feet  marlite-shales  and  calcareous  nodules. 

3 — 10  feet  of  olive  and  purple  shales. 

4 — 4  feet  earthy  sandstone  and  sandy  shales. 

5 — IO  feet  mostly  argillaceous  shales,  blue  and  olive,  with  a  bed  of 
ironstone  and  many  small,  hard,  sandstone  concretions,  also  purple 
shaly  bands  ;  contains  ferns  similar  to  those  found  at  Holden. 

6—8  feet  shaly  sandstone,  to  the  water  in  the  creek. 


1 96  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

7 — I  foot  coal  in  creek  (—  No.  59). 

A  mile  and  a  half  south-west,  at  Rocky  Ford  on  Big  Creek,  No.  I 
of  last  section  appears  in  the  creek,  and  contains  AtJiyris  subtili- 
ta,  Lophophyllum  prolifcrum,  Spirifer  (Martinid)  planoconvexus, 
Hemipronites  crassus,  Productus  Wabashensis  and  small  Crinoid 
stems. 

At  Wm.  George's,  near  one-half  mile,  corner  of  Sec.  31  and  32, 
T.  45,  R.  29,  we  have — 

No.  i — 15  feet  soil  and  clay. 

2 — 8  feet  yellow  clay  shales. 

3 — 2  feet  limestone,  containing  Chcetetes  millcporaceus  and  Fusu- 
lina  cylindrica  and  Syringapora  multattenuata. 

4 — Shales  brown — exact  thickness  not  seen — from  10  to  20  feet. 

5  —  I  foot  hard,  black,  brilliant  coal. 

6 — Blue  clay. 

Mound  Group. — This  includes  about  130  feet.  A  section  west 
of  Strasburgh,  extending  from  top  of  Mound  to  creek,  is  about  as 
follows  : — 

No.  I — 5  feet  irregularly-bedded,  light-drab  limestone,  on  hill-top 
(=  No.  78  of  Gen.  Sec.). 

2 — About  20  feet  slope. 

3 — i  foot  even-bedded,  jointed  limestone,  with  brown  crust ;  cor- 
responds to  lower  parts  of  No.  74. 

4 — 50  feet  slope,  mostly  shales. 

5 — 4  feet  of  buff  sandstone. 

6 — 45  feet  slope  ;  ochrey  shales  appear  in  the  ravines. 

7 — Limestone  at  creek  (=  No.  64  of  Gen.  Sec.). 

No.  5  of  above  section  affords  an  excellent  building-rock  ;  it  is 
quarried  at  Carey's,  also  at  Haynes's,  near  the  railroad,  a  mile  east  of 
the  creek.  In  the  ravines  in  Haynes's  field  a  few  inches  of  shaly  coal 
appear  about  15  feet  below  the  top  of  No.  6  of  the  above  section, 
and  on  Falls  Branch,  one  mile  south-east  in  Johnson  County,  it 
occurs  thus  : — 

I — 4  feet  chocolate-colored  and  ochrey  shales. 

2 — Smut  from  coal. 

3 — 6  feet  shales. 

4 — 6  inches  dark  ash-blue  calcareous  ironstone. 

5 — 8  feet  dark-olive  shales. 

On  the  State  road,  a  mile  north-east,  near  the  old  Longacre  place, 


GEOLOGY  FROM  SEDALIA   TO  KANSAS  CITY.  197 

there  is  an  outcrop,  which  is  probably  referable  to  No.  4  of  the  above 
section,  of  a  calcareo-ferruginous  bed  abounding  in  fossils,  including 
LopJiopkyllum  proliferum,  Spirifer  planoconvexus,  Astartella  vera, 
Plcurotomaria  sphtzrulata  and  Macrocheilus. 

At  Elijah  Davis's,  in  Sec.  18,  T.  45,  R.  29,  bituminous  shale 
crops  out  in  the  ravine,  and  is  also  reached  in  a  well  on  the  adjacent 
hill.  Data  furnished  by  Mr.  Davis  is  as  follows  : — 

I — 7  feet  soil  and  clay. 

2 — 15  feet  yellow  clay  shale. 

3 — i  foot  black  slate. 

4 — 2  feet  blue  shale. 

5 — Bituminous  shale.  Mr.  Davis  says  he  drilled  through  it  15 
feet  to  limestone,  passing  through  a  strong  stream  of  water.  The 
bituminous  shale  contains  some  pretty  impressions  of  Hymenophyl- 
lites  adnascens  ? 

In  the  hill  north  of  Harrisonville,  Nos.  70  and  71  crop  out  and 
contain  a  large  Schizodus,  Pinna  peracuta  and  Myalina  subqua- 
drata.  High  up  in  the  mounds  south-east  the  same  beds  appear, 
generally  abounding  in  large-sized  fossils,  including  Myalina  Subqua- 
drata,  Pinna  peracuta,  Avicnlopecten  Providencis  and  a  large  Bel- 
lerophon.  These  beds  also  appear  at  several  places  at  Pleasant  Hill, 
containing  quite  a  variety  of  fossils,  including  the  above  named — 
Schisodus  (2  sp.),  Loxonema  rugosa,  Macrocheilus,  Orthoceras,  Pleu- 
ropJiorus?  Phillipsia  and  Pleurotomaria  (l  or  2  sp.). 

UPPER  COAL-MEASURES. 

The  Upper  Coal-Measures  make  their  first  appearance  in  the 
western  part  of  Johnson  County,  capping  the  high  mounds,  and,  as 
such,  extend  northwardly,  via  Chapel  Hill,  and  on  still  north  by 
Greenton,  occupying  the  summit  of  the  main  ridge  between  the 
south  fork  of  Sniabar  and  Little  Sniabar. 

The  top  of  Centre  Knob  is  95  feet  above  the  grade  of  the  Pacific 
Railroad,  north-east,  with  5  feet  of  Upper  Coal-measure  limestone  on 
top  (=  No.  78  of  Gen.  Sec.  or  No.  166  of  my  Mo.  Riv.  Sec.).  The 
general  trend  of  these  mounds,  including  the  extreme  southern  limit 
of  the  Upper  Coal-measures,  is  from  Centre  Knob  westward,  passing 
across  the  middle  of  Cass  County.  Nothing  further  than  thin  seams 
of  coal  have  been  observed  among  these  rocks.  The  most  com- 
plete section  was  obtained  at  Pleasant  Hill,  as  follows  : — 


198  [  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-  WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

No.  i — 4  feet  clay  shales. 

2 — o  feet  4  inches  decomposing  bed,  brownish,  ochrey  ;  con- 
tains Myalina  Kansasensis,  Pinna  peracuta,  Bryozoa,  AtJiyris  sub- 
tilita,  var.  Hawni,  Spirifcr  earner  at  us t  Sp.  Kcntuckensis,  Productus 
Prattenianus,  and  Productus  Rogcrsi(=  upper  part  of  No.  85  of 
Gen.  Sec.  or  158  of  Mo.  Riv.  Sec.  of  1861). 

3 — 4  feet  dark-drab  clay  shales. 

4 — 2  feet  buff  decomposing  limestone,  with  disseminated  particles 
of  calcite  and  fragments  of  C'rinoid  stems. 

5 — 3  feet  blue  silicious  limestone  ;  weathers  drab  ;  fracture  con- 
choidal ;  abounds  in  a  beautiful  univalve  resembling  in  general  ap- 
pearance an  elongated  Pleurotomaria,  but  having  a  roundish  aper- 
ture with  obscure  lines  of  growth,  and  about  8  angular  whorls — may 
be  a  MurcJiisonia.  The  same  fossil  is  also  occasionally  found  in  No. 
4 ;  contains  also  a  small  univalve,  which  may  be  a  Solcniscus,  and 
a  PleuropJiorus  ? 

6—2  feet  drab,  fine-grained,  silicious  limestone,  with  numerous 
specks  of  calc-spar  disseminated  ;  when  not  too  cherty,  admits  of  a 
fine  polish  ;  contains  an  Orthoceras  (aculeatum  ?  Sw.),  Nautilus  and 
Pleurotomaria. 

7 — 8  feet  rough  and  irregularly-bedded  grayish-drab  limestone, 
with  many  specks  of  calcite  ;  has  buff  shaly  partings  ;  contains 
brown  and  white  calcite,  and  rose-colored  heavy-spar — a  peculiar 
fucoid,  cylindrical,  about  an  inch  in  diameter,  the  periphery  of  sili- 
cious cherty  material  sometimes  studded  within  with  minute  quartz 
crystals  ;  some  with  a  calcite  band  between  the  inner  and  outer  part. 
Abounds  in  Productus  splendens,  contains  also  Prod.  Rogcrsi, 
Productus  costatus,  Productus  punctatus,  Spirifcr  cameratus,  Mya- 
lina subquadrata,  Allorisma  regularis,  LopJiopJiyllum  prolifcrum, 
Bellerophon  crassus,  Sp.  lineatus,  AtJiyris  subtilita,  PJiillipsia, 
Eumicrotis  sinuata  (M.  &  W.)  Archceocidaris  biangulata  and  Bry- 
azoa.  Productus  costatus  has  very  long  spines. 

8 — \y2  feet  brown  and  buff  calcareous  shales. 

9 — 4  feet  blue  shaly  limestone,  turns  brown  on  exposure  ;  con- 
tains a  large  undescribed  RJiyncJionella. 

10 — i  foot  bituminous  shales. 

n — 3  feet  blue  and  bituminous  shales,  with  Cordaites,  and  an  oc- 
casional knife  edge  of  coal. 

12 — 3  feet  blue  and  buff  clay. 


GEOLOGY  FROM  SEDALIA   TO  KANSAS  CITY.  199 

13 — 2  feet  fine-grained  light-drab  limestone. 

14 — 4  feet  oolitic  and  subcrystalline  limestone  ;  the  oolitic  bed  is 
sometimes  ferruginous. 

15 — i o  feet  shelly,  gray  limestone  (=  78  of  Gen.  Sec.  and  No. 
1 66  of  Mo.  River  Sec.)  ;  abounds  principally  in  Productus  splcn- 
dcns,  Productus  costatus,  Spirifer  cameratus,  and  more  rarely  in 
Rhynchonella  Osagensis,  Rctxia  punctulifera,  At/tyris  subtilita,  Spi- 
rifer lincatus,  Prod,  punctatus  and  Prod.  Prattenianus. 

16 — 6  feet  blue  and  bituminous  shales.     No.  77  of  Gen.  Sec. 

i/ — iX  feet  limestone  and  shales,  fossiliferous  ;  includes  Spirifer 
planoconvexus,  PolypJietnopsis  inornata,  Bellerophon  carbonarius, 
Mcckella  striato-costata,  Macrocheilus  ventricosus,  a  small  Chone- 
tes,  small  Crinoid  stems,  Bryozoa,  RJwnibopora  lepidodendroidcs, 
Hcniipronitcs  crassus,  Productus  Prattenianus,  and  small  branching 
fucoids. 

1 8 — 4  feet  shales. 

19 — 4  feet  gray  limestone,  sometimes  quite  ferruginous  ;  contains 
numerous  small  Crinoid  stems,  Athyris  subtilita,  Lopliopliyllum 
proliferum,  Productus  Roger  si,  Hemipronites  crassus,  remains  of 
Crinoidece,  probably  Zeacrinus,  Spirifer  cameratus,  and  several  small 
univalves  ;  at  one  locality  a  thin,  shaly,  gray  bed  contains  Monoptcra 
gibbosa  ? 

20 — 14  feet  shales  =  No.  72  of  Gen.  Sec. 

21 — 2  feet  calcareous  sandstone,  or  sandy  limestone,  color  outside 
dark  brownish  gray  ;  fracture  within  sometimes  blue  ;  tough  ; 
abounds  in  fossils,  including  Euomplialus  rugosus,  Goniatites  glo- 
bulosus,  Myalina  Swallovi,  M.  subquadrata,  Eumicrotis  (small  sp.), 
Schizodus  (small  sp.),  Lyonsia  pretense?  Bellerophon  (large  sp.) 
abounds.  Also  contains  Pleurotomaria  turbinifonnis,  P.  tabulata, 
PL  tuinida,  Naticopsis  Pricci,  Loxonema  rugosa,  Soleniscus  typicus, 
OrtJioceras  cribrosum,  Macrocheilus,  Nautilus,  Phillipsia,  Turri- 
tella. 

22 — 40  feet  sandstone  and  sandy  shales  ;  soft,  brown  sandstone  in 
the  upper  part,  then  bluish  shales  with  carbonaceous  partings.  In 
some  places  we  find  near  the  top  a  bed  containing  a  large-sized 
Discina  and  Aviculopecten  occidentalis.  The  following  is  the  sec- 
tion, furnished  me  by  Rev.  Mr.  Lymington,  of  Pleasant  Hill,  of 
rocks  passed  through  in  digging  his  well : 

No.    I- — \y2  feet  soil  and  subsoil. 


200  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

2 — 9  feet  brown  clay,  with  remains  of  decomposing  ferruginous 
limestone. 

3 — \y2  feet  calcareo-argillaceous  shales,  light  drab  color,  contains 
RJiynclwnella  and  AtJiyris  subtilita. 

4 — 1>£  to  2  feet  even-bedded  limestone,  dull  light  blue  ;  weathers 
brown. 

5 — 3  inches  bituminous  shale  ;  some  fossils. 

6 — 2^  to  3  inches  good  bituminous  coal. 

7 — I  or  more  feet  dark-blue  clay  shale. 

The  position  of  the  coal  is  just  below  No.  72  of  Gen.  Sec. 

No.  21  of  Pleasant  Hill  section  corresponds  to  70  and  71  of 
Gen.  Sec. 

The  following  is  a  section  at  Amos's,  in  Jackson  County,  the  upper 
beds  well  developed  in  the  cut  of  the  Lexington  and  Lake  &  Gulf 
Railroad. 

No.  i — 1 5  feet  of  mostly  gray  limestone,  in  some  places  very  ferru- 
ginous ;  contains  some  handsome  calcite  crystals  of  various  forms 
and  colors;  amber-colored,  white  and  transparent — "  nailhead  and 
dogtooth-spar,"  in  mammillary  and  drusy  forms,  some  of  the  crys- 
tals long,  slender  and  acicular  :  fossils  are  LophopJiyllum  prolife- 
rum,  Product  us  cost  at  us,  Prod,  splendens,  Prod,  punctatus,  Pr. 
PratteniamtSy  Prod,  cequicostatits,  Spirifer  earner  at  us,  Sp.  lineatus, 
Sp.  Kentuckcnsis ,  Myalina  subquadrata,  Athyris  subtilita,  Pro- 
ductus  Rogcrsi,  Allorisma  regularis  and  arms  of  Archceoci- 
daris. 

A  fine  specimen  of  the  Nautilus  was  obtained  from  this  quarry,  of 
the  following  dimensions:  across  the  disc,  12  inches;  thickness 
between  dorsal  and  ventral  margin,  4  inches  ;  length  of  last  septum, 
6  inches  ;  thickness  of  the  other  septa,  -j^  of  an  inch  on  the  dorsum, 
and  -^o  on  the  ventral  surface  ;  septa  concave,  concavity  a  little  less 
than  the  greatest  thickness  of  the  septa.  The  dorsum  is  nearly  flat, 
very  slightly  raised  in  the  middle  ;  sides  are  somewhat  flattened, 
and  somewhat  angularly  rounded  toward  dorsal  margin. 

2 — i  foot  deep-blue,  argillaceous  limestone ;  contains  Hemi- 
pronites  crassus,  Productus  cost  at  us  and  Rliynchonella  (i  inch 
diameter).  No.  82  of  Gen.  Sec. 

3 — 2  feet  bituminous  shales. 

4 — 5  feet  shaly  slope. 

5 — 15  feet  rough,  shelly  limestone.     No.  78  of  Gen.  Sec. 


GEOLOGY  FROM  SEDALIA   TO  KANSAS  CITY.  2OI 

6 — 10  feet  mostly  sandstone,  the  upper  beds  with  holes  and 
winding  cavities  ;  contains  a  large  Productus. 

7 — 10  feet  shales. 

8 — 2  feet  even-bedded,  blue  limestone,  much  used  for  building 
purposes  on  railroad. 

9 — 2  feet  bituminous  shales.' 

10 — 20  feet  shales.  Near  the  lower  part  is  a  thin  calcareous  bed, 
abounding  in  fossils,  including  Myalina  Swallovi,  Nuculana  belli- 
striata,  and  an  elongated  univalve. 

The  following  is  a  section  on  the  railroad  one  half-mile  north  of 
Greenwood  : — 

No.  i — 8  feet  gray,  irregularly-bedded  limestone  ;  contains  Pro- 
duct us  Roger  si,  Prod,  cost  at  us,  Prod,  splendens,  AtJiyris  subtilita, 
Prod,  punctatus  and  Bryozoa. 

2 — 9  feet  slope,  bituminous,  shaly,  and  hid. 

3—6  feet  gray  limestone,  lower  part  oolitic. 

4 — 13  feet  brittle  drab  limestone,  No.  78. 

5  —  t-l/2  feet  bituminous  shales. 

6 — 3  feet  clay  shales. 

7 — i  foot  ferruginous  limestone,  with  Hemipronites  crassus  and 
Syringapora. 

8 — i  foot  calcareous  and  ferruginous  shales  ;  abounds  in  Spirifer 
Kcntuckcnsis,  Sp.  planoconvexus,  Sp.  cameratus,  and  CJionetes 
Flemingii. 

9 — Brown,  ferruginous,  decomposing  limestone,  in  bed  of  creek. 

At  the  mouth  of  Elm  Grove  Branch  we  find  No.  78  of  Gen.  Sec. 
In  the  bed  of  the  creek,  and  a  short  distance  below,  No.  81  sticks 
out  of  the  bank,  abounding  in  Hemipronites  crassus.  Nos.  84  and 
85  crop  out  higher  up  in  the  bluffs.  Along  the  Pacific  Railroad, 
2  miles  north  of  Lee's  Summit,  No.  85  is  seen  skirting  along  the 
hillsides. 

On  the  bluffs  of  Cedar  Creek,  3  miles  north  of  Lee's  Summit,  we 
have  — 

No.  I — Outcrop  of  brown,  decomposing  limestone. 

2 — 15  feet  slope;  at  the  lower  part  are  outcrops  of  deep-blue 
limestones,  blue  chert,  and  some  brown,  decomposing  limestone. 

3 — 25  feet  slope  ;  rocks  concealed. 

4—15  feet  limestone,  No.  78  of  Gen.  Sec.  (=166  of  Mo.  Riv. 
Sec.) 


202  GEOL  OG  Y  OF  NOR  TH-  WESTERN  MISSO  URL 

5 — 2  feet  clay  shales. 

6 — i  foot  bituminous  shales. 

7 — 6  inches  blue  limestone,  argillaceous  (=  No.  76). 

8 — i  foot  nodular  limestone  and  shales  (=  No.  76). 

9 — 8  inches  limestone. 

10 — 2^/2  feet  blue  shales. 

ii — 4  feet  ferruginous  limestone. 

Little  Blue  Valley,  near  the  Pacific  railroad,  cuts  into  the  series 
about  40  feet  below  No.  70.  In  following  the  railroad  to  Indepen- 
dence we  gradually  rise  in  the  series  to  the  top  of  our  section.  No. 
98  crops  out  at  several  places  around  Independence.  It  is  a  gray 
and  tolerably  pure  limestone,  containing  many  specks  and  wavy 
bands  of  calcite,  and  but  few  fossils,  On  the  Spring  Branch,  east  of 
Independence,  we  find  the  various  beds  in  descending  order  to  No. 
69.  At  the  railroad  depot,  at  Independence,  No.  96  crops  out,  con- 
taining a  large  variety  of  Prod,  costatus.  Descending  Rock  Creek 
Valley,  we  find  No.  78  a  little  above  the  base  of 'Missouri  bluffs. 
At  Kansas  City,  below  the  Union  depot,  we  have — 

No.  i — 6  feet  brown  and  gray  limestone,  with  large  fossils,  es- 
pecially Prod,  costatus,  No.  96  of  Gen.  Sec.  or  old  No..  146  Mo. 
Riv.  Sec. 

2 — \y2  feet  olive  shales. 

3 — 2  feet  dark  blue  shales. 

4 — 16  inches  bluish-drab  shales. 

5 — 10  inches  dull-blue  argillaceous  limestone. 

6 — 6  feet  buff  and  olive  shales. 

7 — 6  feet  limestone. 

8 — 3  feet  shales,  bluer  near  top,  dark  below. 

9 — 2  feet  buff,  nodular  shales. 

10 — 20  feet  of  gray  limestone,  more  than  half  of  the  upper  part  ooli- 
tic, and  containing  numerous  remains  of  fossils,  small  RJiynchonclla, 
Pleurotomaria\\ke.  P.  turbiniformis,  Retzia  punctulifera,  Loxoncma, 
Spirifcr  Kentuckensis,  Macrodon  carbonaria,  Aviculopecten  (large 
sp.),  Bellerophon,  Nautilus.  Most  of  the  fossils  have  lost  their  mark- 
ings. The  upper  part  of  this  stratum  is  generally  cross-laminated. 

ii — 20  feet  mostly  shales. 

12 — 14  feet  deep-blue  limestone,  masses  and  lenticular  concre- 
tions of  dark-blue  chert  in  the  upper  part,  shaly  and  concretionary 
beds  below.  No.  85  of  Gen.  Sec. 


GEOLOGY  FROM  SEDALIA  TO  KANSAS  CITY.  203 

13 — 2  feet  shales. 

14 — 4  feet  fine-grained,  brittle  limestone,  with  numerous  calcite 
specks. 

15 — 10  feet  irregularly-bedded  limestone,  with  brown  shaly  part- 
ings ;  some  chert. 

1 6 — i  y2  feet  deep-blue,  argillaceous  limestone. 

17 — 4  feet  blue  and  bituminous  shales. 

1 8 — 1 8  feet  gray,  shelly  limestone,  No.  78  of  Gen.  Sec.  and  old 
No.  166  of  Mo.  Riv.  Sec. 

At  Kansas  City  Bridge,  No.  78  lies  below  the  Pacific  Railroad 
track,  and  rises  gradually  west.  A  quarter  of  a  mile  west  it  is 
above  the  railroad  track,  having  risen  18  feet  in  that  distance.  No. 
98  stands  out  from  the  bluff  in  bold,  rounded  projections.  Fossils  do 
not  abound.  I  observed  Prod,  costatus  (large  var.),  Prod.  Rogcrsi, 
Prod,  punctatus,  and  Bryozoa.  Just  below,  a  nearly  flat  terrace  ex- 
tends out  for  nearly  50  feet. 

Where  the  bluffs  approach  Turkey  Creek,  we  have — 

No.  i — 23  feet  of  gray  limestone  (=  No.  98  of  Gen.  Sec.),  quite 
shelly. 

2 — 26  feet  slope. 

3 — 6  feet  limestone,  with  large  Product  us  (=  No.  96). 

4—69  feet  slope,  debris  from  above. 

5 — 10  inches  chert,  color  dark-blue,  and  decomposing  buff,  with 
many  fossils,  including  Platyostoma  Peoriensis,  McCh.,  Loxoncuia 
ceritkifonnis,  and  a  larger  univalve,  resembling  a  Murckisonia,  is 
very  abundant. 

6 — 4  feet  coarse,  dark,  brownish,  gray  limestone,  containing  Sole- 
nomya,  Bcllerophon  crassus  and  Nautilus  ferratus. 

7 — 9  feet  slope. 

8— -4  feet  shaly  limestone  beds,  containing  Aviculopecten  occiden- 
talis. 

9 — Outcrop  of  limestone.     No.  83. 

10 — 14  feet  slope. 

ii — 18  feet  limestone.     No.  78  of  Gen.  Sec. 

No.  78,  lying  near  the  base  of  the  Upper  Coal-measures,  is  easily 
recognized  wherever  found.  From  its  peculiar  form  of  weathering, 
it  is  often  recognized  even  at  a  distance.  I  first  observed  it  in  1860, 
at  Bethany,  in  Harrison  County,  occupying  the  bed  of  Big  Creek.  In 
subsequent  notes  I  called  it  the  Bethany  Falls  limestone,  and  it  was 


204  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URI. 

so  named  in  my  section  read  before  St.  Louis  Academy  of  Science 
in  May,  1862,  and  is  numbered  162  of  that  section.  I  observed  it 
near  Gallatin,  in  Daviess  County,  in  the  western  part  of  Living- 
ston, in  Caldwell  and  in  Clay  Counties  on  the  Missouri  bluffs. 
No.  85  contains  beds  of  deep-blue  limestone  and  deep-blue  chert ; 
is  found  in  Harrison,  Daviess  and  Clay  Counties. 

No.  77  is  generally  shales,  but  appears  as  a  thick-bedded  sand- 
stone in  ridge  west  of  Crawford's  Fork,  Cass  County. 

ECONOMIC  GEOLOGY— MATERIALS  FOR  BUILDING. 

Some  of  the  limestone-beds  at  Kansas  City  afford  a  good  material 
for  building,  especially  No.  87.  Its  upper  part  is  light-gray, 
beautifully  oolitic,  and  very  durable.  The  dark-brown,  coarse  lime- 
stone occurring  near  the  upper  part  of  No.  85  is  strong  and  durable  ; 
it  is  quarried  in  bluffs  near  Turkey  Creek.  No  79  is  handsome, 
durable,  works  free,  and"  furnishes  a  good  material  for  a  fire-rock  ; 
it  is  sometimes  wanting  ;  it  is  quarried  at  Greenwood,  Pleasant  Hill 
and  vicinity.  It  is  sometimes  beautifully  oolitic.  No.  84  is  light- 
drab  or  dove-colored,  containing  minute  particles  of  calcite  ;  admits 
of  a  fine  polish,  but  is  sometimes  cherty  and  hard  to  dress,  and  is 
therefore  objectionable  as  a  marble.  '  It  is  found  at  Kansas  City, 
near  Greenwood,  and  in  Parker's  quarry,  Pleasant  Hill.  Some  of 
the  lower  beds  of  No.  78  are  in  even  layers,  and  are  useful  for 
building.  No.  74  is  good,  strong  and  durable,  and  thick-bedded  ; 
it  is  quarried  at  various  places  around  Pleasant  Hill.  Sometimes 
the  upper  portion  is  wanting,  and  the  lower  appears  as  a  very 
even-bedded,  dark-blue  limestone,  variegated  with  dark  windings 
throughout ;  is  vertically  jointed,  forming  rhomboidal  masses.  It 
has  been  extensively  used  in  railroad  bridges  and  culverts.  The 
principal  quarries  are  at  William  Hodges's,  in  Sec.  9,  T.  45,  R. 
30;  numerous  quarries  north  of  Pacific  Railroad,  in  Sees.  15, 
9,  10,  22  and  23,  T.  46,  R.  30,  Cass  County,  and  in  Jackson 
County,  at  Amos's,  Lone  Jack,  and  at  Chapel  Hill,  in  Lafayette 
County.  Nos.  70  and  71,  from  quarries  2  miles  east  of  Harrison- 
ville,  have  been  extensively  used  in  the  construction  of  bridges  and 
culverts  on  the  M.  K.  &  T.  R.  R.  The  beds  in  these  quarries  are  2 
feet  in  thickness.  Most  of  the  sandstone  used  in  the  railroad  bridge 
over  Crawford's  and  Percival's  fork  of  Big  Creek,  was  obtained 
from  Carey's  quarry  on  the  railroad,  2  miles  west,  and  Haynes's,  I 


GEOLOGY  FROM  SEDALIA  TO  KANSAS  CITY.  205 

mile  east.  There  is  about  4  feet  thickness  of  it  in  beds  of  I  to  2  feet, 
works  free,  and  is  quite  durable.  Some  of  the  stone  used  at  the 
last-named  bridges,  and  most  of  it  for  6  miles  east,  was  brought 
from  Howe's  (now  Hobbs's)  quarry,  on  the  Blackwater,  5  miles  north 
of  Kingsville.  It  occurs  in  thick  beds,  but  is  of  inferior  quality.  I 
refer  it  to  No.  65  of  General  Section. 

No.  55  is  quarried  at  many  places  near  Holden.  It  is  durable, 
and  suitable  for  all  ordinary  purposes,  but  is  rather  hard  and 
irregularly  bedded. 

The  Warrensburgh  sandstone  is  a  superior  article,  and  is  very 
extensively  used.  It  is  of  various  shades  of  brown,  gray,  drab  and 
blue,  and  generally  contains  scales  of  mica  disseminated  through- 
out. In  Warrensburgh  it  is  a  deep-brown  ;  at  Sheppard's,  coarse 
gray  or  drab  ;  at  Davis's,  bluish-gray  ;  at  Cocknell's,  coarse  light- 
drab  ;  at  Moore's,  a  little  coarser  and  buff-stained.  At  Moore's,  4 
miles  north-west  of  Warrensburgh,  it  crops  out  20  feet  thick  from 
the  water's  edge  without  a  seam.  At  Cocknell's  the  beds  are  ap- 
parently as  thick.  At  Davis's  the  quarry-pit  is  worked  down  18 
feet,  with  no  seam  on  three  sides,  and  only  thin  coal-seam  on  the 
fourth  side.  From  this  quarry  the  rock  is  shipped  to  Kansas  City 
and  other  places.  The  window-sills  and  caps  of  the  Agricultural 
College,  at  Columbia,  are  from  Davis's  quarry.  The  pillars  of 
the  Court-House,  at  Lexington,  aje  from  a  sandstone  quarry  on 
the  north  side  of  the  Blackwater,  and  have  been  in  use  over  twenty 
years. 

Quarry  of  Dr.  Rodgers,  on  north-west,  Sec.  17,  T.  45,  R.  24.  The 
rock  is  a  whitish  or  light-colored  drab,  very  fine  grained,  of  firm 
texture  and  even  strata,  and  very  durable  ;  said  to  make  good 
grindstones. 

The  sandstone  of  the  Knob  Noster  quarries  is  micaceous,  soft, 
easy  to  work,  and  of  various  shades  of  red,  buff  and  brown.  Sand- 
stone belonging  near  the  top  of  the  lower  carboniferous  occurs  in 
thick  beds  2  miles  south  of  Lamonte. 

The  lower  part  of  the  Burlington  and  the  upper  Chouteau  beds 
are  generally  easy  to  work,  are  of  uniform  thickness,  and  afford  an 
excellent  material  for  building.  Good  quarries  are  near  George- 
town and  on  the  Little  Muddy  north-east  of  Dresden.  Near  Sedalia 
the  Chouteau  beds  too  often  contain  chert  concretions. 

The  marble  beds  on  the  Big  Muddy,  west  of  Sedalia,  have  been 


206  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

described  in  the  first  part  of  this  report.    I  would  only  add  that  the 
rock  is  easy  to  work  and  admits  of  a  fine  polish. 

Lime. — The  Burlington  limestone  beds  are  the  best  for  lime  ;  the 
rock  is  quite  abundant  near  Georgetown.  Some  of  the  upper  coal- 
measure  limestones  make  good  lime,  but  not  very  white.  Nos.  78 
and  98  make  good  lime. 

Sand. — The  best  sand  for  plastering  is  procured  from  the  Kansas 
River.  The  Missouri  River  sand  is  also  extensively  used,  but  con- 
tains many  impurities  and  is  too  fine.  At  Warrensburgh  the  sand 
from  decomposing  sandstone  is  used,  but  there  is  a  difficulty  in 
crushing  it  fine  enough.  Sand  from  crushed  sandstone  is  used  some- 
times at  Pleasant  Hill,  but  it  lacks  sharpness.  The  Missouri  and 
Kansas  River  sands  are  shipped  by  rail  to  many  places. 

Potters'  Clay. — Extensive  deposits  of  good  quality  of  potters' 
clay  are  exposed  at  several  places  near  Dresden  and  at  Lamonte. 
The  brown  stoneware  that  I  have  seen  made  from  it  is  very  good. 
Beds  of  fire-clay  from  2  to  4  feet  in  thickness  underlie  most  of  the 
coal-beds  in  the  eastern  and  central  parts  of  Johnson  and  the  western 
part  of  Pettis  Counties.  None  of  these  clay-beds  have  yet  been  put 
to  any  practical  use,  but  they  are  undoubtedly  valuable  ;  some  of 
them  are  quite  sandy. 

Clay  ironstone,  or  carbonate  of  iron,  is  often  met  with  in  the 
lower  shale  beds.  In  the  concretions  in  the  shale  over  the  coal, 
2  miles  west  of  Warrensburgh,  I  obtained  what  seems  to  be 
"  spathic  iron." 

Carbonate  of  iron  and  lime  occurs  in  lenticular  and  reniform 
beds,  sometimes  of  even  thickness  for  some  distance,  on  Clear 
Fork,  six  miles  north  of  Knob  Noster.  Sec.  1 8,  No.  5,  contains  a 
4-inch  bed  reticulated  by  numerous  cross-veins  of  calcite.  Sec.  18 
and  19  are  near  together,  and  include  a  lO-inch  bed  of  ironstone 
with  5  to  7  feet  below,  separating  it  from  sandy  shales  containing 
similar  thin  ore -beds.  Similar  iron-beds,  occupying  the  same  geo- 
logical horizon,  crop  out  on  Clear  Fork,  5  miles  south-west  of  Knob 
Noster,  as  shown  in  the  following  : — 

Sec.  27. 

No.  7—i  foot  black  slate  (=  No.  16  of  Gen.  Sec.). 

8 — 3  feet  shales. 

9—6  feet  sandstone. 

10 — 4  feet[ sandy  shales,  with  some  beds  of  carbonate  of  iron. 


GEOLOGY  FROM  SEDALIA   TO  KANSAS  CITY.  207 

II  —  i  foot  ironstone  (carbonate  iron). 

12 — i  foot  clay  shales. 

13 — i  foot  ironstone. 

The  foregoing  section,  we  perceive,  includes  a  total  thickness  of 
over  2  feet  of  a  comparatively  good  iron-ore  within  a  few  feet  of 
vertical  thickness.  In  Sec.  28—11  the  equivalents  of  above  ore- 
beds  are  included.  These  beds  certainly  underlie  the  whole  country 
as  far  as  the  east  county  line  of  Johnson,  and  westward  may  be  found 
at  greater  depths. 

The  shale-beds  of  No.  61,  at  Holden,  contain  many  flattened  iron- 
stone concretions,  some  solid  in  the  centre,  with  no  appearance  of 
fossils,  but  the  greater  number  when  broken  display  to  view  many 
plant-remains,  including  Neuroptcris,  SplienopJiyllum,  and  Annu- 
laria,  with  some  fragments  of  plant-stems. 

Nos.  65  and  69  contain  flattened  concretions  of  ironstone — kidney 
ore. 

The  sandstone  at  Warrensburgh  and  at  Knob  Noster  contains 
many  hollow  iron  concretions. 

Ochre. — On  Richard  Harris's  land,  south  side  of  Knob  Noster, 
there  is  an  outcrop  of  yellow  ochre  4^  feet  thick,  of  every  shade 
from  light  to  dark-yellow,  some  even  slightly  red-tinged.  It  is 
mostly  soft,  but  some  is  hard  and  compact ;  it  contains  a  few  ob- 
scure remains  of  plants.  In  one  opening  it  appears  4^  feet  thick  ; 
one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  off  it  is  thus  :— 

No.  i — 2  feet  shale,  red  and  yellow,  in  thin  laminae. 

2 — 16  inches  bituminous  coal. 

3 — 10  inches  brown  and  yellow  ochre. 

4 — I  foot  light-brown  ochre. 

5 — I  foot  dove  and  yellow  fire-clay. 

This  ochre-bed  appears  in  the  railroad  cut,  but  not  so  well 
developed  ;  also  at  Mr.  Carpenter's,  \y2  miles  north-east,  and, on  the 
adjoining  land  of  Higginbotham's  we  have  4  feet  of  dark-brown, 
shaly,  good  iron  ochre,  with  many  remains  of  roots  of  Stigmaria. 
It  appears  again  in  the  railroad  cut  at  Minersville,  cropping  out 
beneath  a  1 5-inch  coal-bed,  with  one  foot  of  light-yellow  clay  con- 
taining Stigmaria  roots  at  top,  succeeded  by  3  feet  of  variegated 
clay,  red  and  yellow.  At  this  place  the  amount  of  iron  contained  is 
small.  This  ochre-bed  was  originally  a  simple  bed  of  fire-clay,  but 
into  which  much  oxide  of  iron  has  introduced  itself.  In  some  places 


208  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-  WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

it  is  a  light-yellow,  sandy  fire-clay.  In  others  we  find  it  hard,  firm, 
good  iron-ore.  It  underlies  the  country  around  Knob  Noster,  at 
least  for  two  miles  north  and  several  miles  south. 

At  Boyce's  coal-bank,  5  miles  north-west  of  Knob  Noster,  we  have 
32  inches  of  coal  resting  on  3  feet  of  ochrey  shales,  color  red  and 
yellow. 

On  Franklin  Craig's  land,  on  Copperas  Creek,  we  have  red  clay 
with  yellow  clay. 

These  ochre-beds,  we  perceive,  occupy  the  place  of  the  coal 
underclays,  and  we  find  them  of  every  grade,  passing  from  a  pure 
fire-clay  and  a  clay  slightly  tinged  with  iron  to  a  bed  of  good  iron- 
ore. 

The  shale-beds  of  No.  65  often  abound  in  ochre  concretions,  and 
many  are  found  on  Falls  Branch,  Johnson  County,  and  in  Sec.  25 
and  36,  T.  46,  R.  30,  Cass  County. 

At  Pleasant  Hill  we  find  No.  69  containing  ochre  concretions. 

Iron  oxide  is  quite  abundant,  sometimes  in  attractive  crystallized 
forms,  in  the  railroad  cut  on  the  L.  L.  and  G.  R.  R.,  at  Amos's,  in 
Jackson  County,  occurring  in  No.  83  of  Gen.  Sec. 

Iron  pyrites  is  found  in  both  the  shales  and  coal  in  the  west  part 
of  Pettis  County.  Some  quite  handsome  forms  occur  at  Munroe 
Thompson's  ;  it  is  also  quite  abundant  at  Haley's  and  Ewer's  coal- 
bank.  On  Walnut  Creek,  at  the  railroad  crossing,  are  found  many 
stems  of  plants  composed  entirely  of  iron  pyrites. 

Fossils  contained  in  shales  are  in  many  places  entirely  composed 
of  iron  pyrites,  sometimes  forming  handsome  specimens.  I  might 
mention  those  obtained  from  Langston's,  six  miles  north  of  Knob 
Noster,  Fairchild's  at  Carbon  Hill,  and  in  the  cannel-coal  stratum  at 
Mrs.  McClellan's,  at  Tapscott's,  and  at  Wray's. 

Zinc-blende  often  forms  a  small  nucleus  in  ironstone  concretions, 
and  in  this  position  was  found  on  Walnut  Creek,  near  the  Pacific 
Railroad  crossing,  in  the  shales  over  the  coal  at  Long's,  and  in  the 
concretions  at  Holden.  It  is  sometimes  found  in  the  centre  of  a 
plant-stem.  A  small  quantity  of  zinc-blende  was  found  in  limestone 
No.  83,  at  Amos's,  in  Jackson  County. 

Gypsum. — The  shales  in  the  lower  coal-measures  sometimes  afford 
many  selenite  crystals.  The  shales  below  No.  24  in  the  railroad  cut, 
both  east  and  west  of  Walnut  Creek,  contains  quantities  of  them  ; 
also  the  shales  over  Tarhorst's  coal ;  near  the  middle  of  Sec.  28  and 


GEOLOGY  FROM  SEDALIA   TO  KANSAS  CITY.  209 

No.  7  of  Sec.  17,  Cox's  coal-bank.  They  are  quite  abundant  in  the 
blue  shales  on  Clear  Fork,  six  miles  north-west  of  Knob  Noster,  and 
No.  4  of  Sec.  10,  six  miles  south-west  of  Knob  Noster. 

Calcite. — Beautiful  forms  of  calc-spar  were  obtained  from  No.  83, 
Parker's  quarry,  at  Pleasant  Hill,  and  Amos's,  in  Jackson  County. 
Among  them  were  found  white,  transparent,  pink,  and  amber- 
colored  ;  in  form  rhombohedrous,  dogtooth  spar,  nailhead  spar, 
acicular  and  mammillary  forms. 

Heavy-Spar. — An  irregular  vein  occurs  in  the  lower  Burlington 
beds  on  the  Lexington  &  Sedalia  Railroad,  north  of  the  Muddy ; 
it  seems  to  be  about  10  feet  wide.  A  handsome  flesh-colored 
variety  occurs  at  Parker's  quarry,  Pleasant  Hill,  and  at  Amos's 
quarry,  Jackson  County. 

Springs. — A  correct  knowledge  of  the  geology  of  a  district  will 
often  enable  us  to  tell  with  near  approximation  at  what  depth  to  ex- 
pect to  find  water.  In  digging  wells  at  Pleasant  Hill,  water  is  always 
found  in  No.  77,  and  all  the  springs  of  that  vicinity  issue  from  either 
73  or  77.  Wells  have  been  dug  nearly  a  hundred  feet  deep,  com- 
mencing in  No.  69,  and  only  obtained  weak  supplies  of  water.  On 
the  Missouri  bluffs,  in  Jackson  County,  are  many  cool,  pleasant- 
tasting  springs  of  water  issuing  from  No.  77.  The  large  spring  at 
Independence  issues  from  No.  97.  In  the  middle  and  lower  coal- 
measures  springs  are  rare.  At  Mr.  Carpenter's,  one  and  a  half 
miles  north-east  of  Knob  Noster,  there  is  a  well  of  very  clear  and 
exceedingly  pleasant-tasting  water,  supposed  to  contain  alum. 

Three  miles  north-west  of  Warrensburgh  is  a  large  mineral  spring 
on  low,  marshy  ground.  The  water  seems  to  contain  sulphuretted 
hydrogen,  and  is  slightly  tinged  with  iron. 

Coal. — In  my  General  Section,  above  described,  we  have  19  feet 
9  inches  of  coal,  distributed  as  follows  : — 

Near  the  base  No.  2  is 2  feet. 

At  about  25  feet  up  in  the  series  No.  5  is 1 1  inches. 

At  41  feet  No.  8  is 4  feet  8  inches. 

From  41  to  65,  three  thin  beds  of  3  in.,  5  in.,  and  I  ft.  =  i  foot  8  inches. 

At  91  feet  No.  18  appears I  foot  6  inches. 

At  96  feet  No.  21  is   ! 8  inches. 

At  1 16  feet  No.  27  is I  foot  8  inches. 

At  1 33  feet  No.  32  is 7  inches. 

H 


210  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

At  186  feet  No.  35  is I  foot  6  inches. 

At  293  feet  No.  44  is 2  feet. 

About  240  feet  No.  42  has 6  inches. 

At  379  feet  No.  59  is i  foot. 

About  480  feet  No.  68  has 5  inches. 

At  534  feet  No.  73  has 3  inches. 

The  coal-beds,  we  perceive,  are  thicker  and  more  crowded  toward 
the  base  of  the  series,  becoming  few  and  far  apart  as  we  ascend, 
and  also  very  thin. 

The  lowest  coal,  No.  2,  may  be  found  in  Pettis  County.  No.  5 
occurs  on  Clear  Fork,  1 1  inches'  thick  ;  I  also  think  it  is  the  equiva- 
lent of  the  coal  at  A.  B.  Gardner's,  Pettis  County.  No.  8  is  mined 
at  Long's,  Cabby's  and  other  places  in  the  same  vicinity  on  and 
near  Clear  Fork.  The  most  extensive  mining  is  done  at  Miners- 
ville  on  the  Pacific  Railroad.  The  mines  on  the  south  side  of  the 
railroad  belong  to  the  Pacific  Mining  Company,  those  on  the  north 
to  General  F.  Cocknell.  The  coal  from  these  mines  is  all  sold  to 
the  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  and  is  used  at  their  machine-shops 
and  on  their  engines.  The  upper  \y2  to  2  feet,  being  quite  shaly, 
is  only  used  by  the  miners,  or  else  thrown  into  a  refuse-heap  and 
burned  up.  The  lower  30  to  36  inches  only  is  sold.  The  Pacific 
mines  at  their  eastern  shaft  work  about  20  men.  The  main  shaft 
is  42  feet  deep.  From  the  foot  of  the  shaft  the  main  drift  or 
entry  extends  south  600  to  700  feet  ;  there  are  2  cross-drifts  and  2 
abandoned  ones.  The  coal  is  hauled  by  mules  on  trucks  to  the 
foot  of  the  shaft,  and  from  thence  is  raised  to  the  surface  by  steam- 
power.  This  company'-s  other  mine,  one-quarter  of  a  mile  west, 
employs  a  smaller  force.  A  steam-engine  is  also  employed. 

On  the  north  side  of  the  railroad  are  General  Cocknell's  mines. 
Thirteen  men  are  now  employed, — they  have  worked  20.  The  shaft 
is  45  feet  deep.  From  the  bottom  an  entry  extends  150  yards  east 
and  another  125  north-east,  with  several  cross-driftings. 

The  mines  of  Higgins,  east  of  Walnut  Creek,  are  in  No.  18.  A 
great  many  entries  have  been  made  into  the  hill  and  much  coal 
taken  out. 

The  bank  of  Roberts  and  Sickles,  on  the  land  of  Sylvester  Orr,  is 
referred  to  the  same  horizon  as  that  of  Higgins.  The  coal  is  24  to 
28  inches  thick.  The  entrance  is  on  a  hillside,  and  passes  in  a 
.little  over  50  feet. 


GEOLOGY  FROM  SEDALIA    TO  KANSAS   CITY, 


211 


James  Mudd's  coal-bank  in  south-east,  Sec.  8,  T.  46,  R. 
24,  is  21  to  24  inches  thick,  and  is  reached  by  a  shaft  20  feet 
deep,  from  the  bottom  of  which  entries  extend  off  at  right  angles. 
This  coal  may  be  referred  to  No.  21  of  the  General  Section.  These 
coals  are  mainly  sold  in  the  neighborhood. 

Besides  the  above,  there  are  evidences  of  a  great  deal  of  mining 
having  been  done  formerly  around  Knob  Noster, — many  mines 
being  now  abandoned. 

Tarhorst's,  Neal's  and  Reavis's,  on  a  west  branch  of  Clear  Fork,  six 
miles  south-west  of  Knob  Noster,  are  all  worked  at  present.  The 
coal  is  of  very  good  quality  and  is  used  at  Warrensburgh. 

Mrs.  Wingfield's  coal  is  much  esteemed  by  blacksmiths ;  it  is 
hauled  by  them  10  miles  to  Warrensburgh,  and  is  preferred  to  any 
of  the  different  coals  which  are  nearer. 

No.  35  is  mined  west  of  Carbon  Hill,  at  Fairchild's,  and  at  many 
places  around  Warrensburgh,  principally  on  Pott's  Branch,  and  gene- 
rally by  horizontal  driftings.  This  coal  is  remarkably  irridescent. 

A  good  deal  of  mining  has  been  formerly  done  at  different 
periods  of  time  on  the  Pin  Oak  and  north  and  east  on  the  Black- 
water,  but  at  present  but  few  of  the  mines  are  worked. 

The  Holden  coal,  No.  59,  is,  when  seen,  of  very  excellent  quality, 
but  is  not  worked  much  now,  being  only  one  foot  thick  ;  it  has 
been  worked  at  Holden  and  westward  on  the  waters  of  the  Black- 
water,  and  is  occasionally  mined  at  Strasburgh,  near  the  Pacific 
Railroad,  and  at  William  George's,  near  the  M.  K.  &  T.  R.  R.,  in 
Cass  County.  It  is  a  first-rate  coal,  remarkably  free  from  ash. 
The  Clear  Fork  and  Warrensburgh  coals  both  contain  occasional 
handsome  specimens  of  mineral  charcoal,  called  by  the  miners 
"  Mother  of  Coal."  This  is  useful  to  polish  tinware. 

The  following  is  a  table  of  analyses,  by  Mr.  Chauvenet,  of  the 
different  mines  of  the  Warrensburgh  coal : — 


B.  Owsley 
(middle). 

Bruce. 

Zimmei 

•man. 
(bottom"). 

Z( 
(bottom) 

>11. 

Gilleurs 

Mineral 
charcoal. 

Water 

7.40 

5-31 

6.77 

7.09 

6.32 

5-39 

7.29 

i-59 

Volatile 

43-07 

43.65 

45-10 

42.14 

45-38 

45-  »9 

42.27 

15-63 

F.  Carbon 

3^-37 

43-12 

44.01 

47-15 

44.98 

45-56 

46.95 

71.28 

Ash 

ii.  16 

7.92 

4.  12 

3.62 

3-32 

4.16 

3-49 

11.50 

Color  of  Ash 

pink,  gray 

pale  gray 

pale  slate 

very  pale 

pale  gray 

pale  gray 

slate 

reddish 

brown 

slate 

Sp.  grav. 

1.271 

1.225 

1-243 

1.803 

Sulphur 

2.916 

Total  carbon 

74-76 

74.28 

76.51 

Hydrogen 

6-33 

6.07 

5-6i 

Nitrogen 

1-555 

212  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

An  analysis  of  coal  at  William  George's,  Cass  County,  by  Mr. 
Chauvenet,  gives  the  following  result : — 

Water 7.80 

Volatile 33-2O 

F.  Carbon 55-75 

Ash , . .   3.25 

Color  of  Ash rich  brown 

Sp.  gravity 1.261 

Total  Carbon 66. 2 5 

Hydrogen 5.21 

Superficial  Deposits. — The  Missouri  bluffs  on  the  south  side  form 
the  southern  boundary  of  the  drift.  A  few  bowlders  of  granite, 
greenstone,  and  quartzite  have  been  found  at  Kansas  City,  near 
Lexington,  and  Berlin — the  largest  about  9  inches  in  diameter.  I 
refer  them  to  altered  drift,  for  they  evidently  have  been  transported 
with  gravel  and  sand,  partly  ferruginous,  to  which  beds  the  name 
"  altered  drift"  is  sometimes  applied.  The  only  place  where  I  have 
observed  these  beds  of  sand  and  gravel  in  the  interior  was  near  Big 
Salt  Spring,  in  Saline  County,  15  miles  from  the  Missouri  River, 
where  they  are  exposed  on  the  side  of  a  low  hill. 

Bluffs. — At  Kansas  City  and  vicinity  we  find  a  deep  deposit  of 
finely-comminuted  sand  and  marly  clay ;  colors  brown,  drab,  and 
yellow.  Stalactitic  forms  of  sandy  iron-ore  occur  in  the  sandy  beds, 
and  in  the  marly  beds  are  found  rough,  spherical,  calcareous  con- 
cretions, somewhat  nodular,  in  shape  very  much  like  an  artichoke. 
Two  species  of  shells  are  sometimes  found,  which  may  be  referred 
to  the  genera  Succinea  and  Helicina. 

The  soil  based  on  these  clays  is  generally  very  rich,  and  the  wood- 
lands furnish  a  luxuriant  growth  of  linden,  elm,  oak,  hickory,  hack- 
berry,  sugar-tree,  black  walnut,  cherry,  pawpaw,  mulberry  and 
coffee-tree. 

These  peculiar  beds  seem  to  be  mostly  confined  to  the  vicinity  of 
the  Missouri  River.  The  railroad  cuts,  south  and  east,  show  a 
more  stiff,  harder  clay,  variegated  brown,  drab  and  yellowish.  I 
have  part  of  the  leg-bone  of  a  mammal  dug  out  of  a  well  at  Pleasant 
Hill,  at  a  depth  of  28  feet. 

The  general  thickness  of  these  clays  on  the  hill-tops  is  not  often 
over  10  feet,  but  is  sometimes  16  to  20. 


GEOLOGY  FR OM  SEDALIA  TO  KANSAS  CITY.  2 1 3 

In  digging  excavations  of  foundations  for  bridges,  we  find  in  the 
beds  of  streams  a  succession  of  logs,  blue  clay,  leaves,  gravel,  and 
decomposed  Unionida. 

From  these  shell-beds  I  obtained  the  tooth  of  an  ox  (species  ex- 
tinct) at  a  depth  of  12  feet  below  the  surface. 

To  Mr.  Chas.  M.  Litton,  of  St.  Louis,  I  am  indebted  for  much 
valuable  assistance  in  the  field. 


PROF.  RAPHAEL  PUMPELLY, 

Director  Geological  Survey  of  Missouri  : 

SIR  : — In  compliance  with  your  request  I  have  prepared  and 
herewith  transmit  a  full  report  on  the  geology  of  Lincoln  County. 

To  Mr.  Alexander  Leonhard,  who  was  associated  with  me  in  the 
work  of  the  past  season,  I  am  indebted  for  valuable  services  ren- 
dered in  the  field  and  in  the  preparation  of  maps,  etc.,  accompany- 
ing this  report. 

Your  obedient  servant, 

WILLIAM  B.  POTTER, 

Assistant. 


CHAPTER   VII. 

GEOLOGY   OF   LINCOLN    COUNTY. 

GENERAL  GEOLOGY. 

BY  W.   B.    POTTER. 

SURFACE   FEATURES. 

LINCOLN  COUNTY  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Pike  County,  on 
the  east  by  the  Mississippi  River,  on  the  south  by  St.  Charles  and 
Warren,  and  on  the  west  by  Warren,  Montgomery,  and  Pike 
Counties,  and  contains  nearly  eighteen  townships,  or  an  area  of 
about  six  hundred  square  miles. 

Topographically,  the  county  is  divided  into  two  parts  by  a  main 
ridge,  which  enters  on  the  north  in  Sec.  3  and  4  of  T.  51,  R.  i, 
W.,  and  passes  on  in  a  general  south-south-easterly  direction. 

The  drainage-waters  on  the  east  side  flow  directly  into  the  Mis- 
sissippi through  Bryant's  Creek  and  King's  Lake,  Sandy,  Hurricane, 
McLean's  and  Bob's  Creeks  ;  while  the  western  part  is  drained  by 
North  and  West  Forks,  which  join  near  the  centre  of  the  county, 
forming  Cuivre  River,  and  this,  flowing  around  the  southern  end  of 
the  main  ridge,  is  joined  by  Big  Creek  or  Eagle  Fork,  and  passes 
on  into  the  Mississippi  in  a  general  easterly  direction. 

The  county,  thus  divided,  exhibits  quite  different  topographical 
features.  In  the  eastern  part  the  work  of  aqueous  erosion  has  been 
very  great.  The  streams  and  branches  have  worked  out  a  system 
of  deep  and  ramifying  valleys,  leaving  hills  and  ridges,  in  some 
cases  with  rounded  and  easy  slopes,  but  often  with  perpendicular 
sides,  as  remnants  of  what  were  once  continuous  beds.  The  dif- 
ferent degrees  of  hardness  of  the  various  rock-strata  appear  in  the 
manner  in  which  they  have  withstood  this  erosive  action.  The  range 
of  high  knobs  in  the  north-eastern  part  of  the  county  have  gentle 
slopes  at  the  base,  where  they  are  made  up  of  the  easily  decomposed 
shales  and  slates  of  the  Hudson  group,  and  grow  steeper  as  these 


2l8  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

beds  give  place  in  ascending  to  the  firmer  limestone  of  the  Hamil- 
ton, while  the  summits  are  protected  by  the  still  denser  Chouteau 
limestone.  The  sandstones  and  limestones  of  the  lower  magnesian 
series,  too,  being  less  firm  and  dense,  are  found  to  be  more  deeply 
eroded  than  the  durable  limestone  of  Trenton  age.  The  coal- 
measures  which  are  represented  in  the  high  ridges  in  this  part  of 
the  county  have  been  protected  there  from  erosion  by  the  very 
hard  and  compact  hydraulic  limestone  which  caps  the  ridges  ;  the 
shales  and  coal  of  the  coal-measures  being  so  soft  and  easily  acted 
upon,  that  they  must  have  been  swept  away  gradually  but  for  this 
protection. 

The  ridges  vary  considerably  in  height,  in  some  cases  rising  over 
a  hundred  feet  above  the  adjacent  valleys.  Near  the  middle  of  the 
county  the  general  direction  is  parallel  with  that  of  the  main  divid- 
ing ridge,  or  nearly  north-west  to  south-east ;  but  farther  east  the 
general  trend  is  east  and  west,  while  the  range  of  knobs,  from  four 
to  five  hundred  feet  high,  is  about  north  and  south. 

The  slopes  of  the  ridges  are  generally  quite  steep,  and  covered 
with  a  thin  soil  yielding  a  growth  of  small  timber,  mostly  post-oak, 
with  some  white,  black,  and  red  oak.  In  some  cases  the  soil  is  deep 
and  well  adapted  for  growing  tobacco  and  grain,  and  that  nearer 
the  bluffs  yields  fine  crops  of  wheat. 

The  western  half  of  the  county  is  mostly  high  prairie-land,  cut 
through  in  many  places  by  the  North-west  and  Eagle  Forks  of  Cuivre 
River  and  their  tributaries,  affording  a  fair  distribution  of  timbered 
land.  The  timber  consists  mostly  of  white,  black,  red,  and  burr  oak, 
hickory,  black  walnut,  maple,  and  in  the  bottoms  sycamore.  The 
uplands  are  for  the  most  part  gently-undulating  prairies,  with  occa- 
sionally deeper  hollows,  from  which  small  streams  take  their  rise. 
The  soil  varies  in  thickness  from  one  to  two  and  a  half  feet,  and  is 
mainly  dark-colored  mould,  with  a  mixture  of  sand  and  clay. 

The  principal  stream  of  the  county  is  Cuivre  River,  which,  with 
its  branches,  drains  the  whole  western  half.  The  North  Fork  enters 
the  county  about  the  middle  of  T.  51,  R.  2,  W.,  and  flows  in  a 
general  south-easterly  direction,  receiving  the  waters  of  Sulphur 
Fork,  Mill  and  Fort  Spring  Creeks,  besides  many  minor  branches, 
and  joins  the  West  Fork  in  the  upper  part  of  T.  49,  R.  I,  W.  All 
the  large  streams  and  branches  enter  North  Fork  from  the  north 
and  east ;  this  being  due  to  the  broad  and  gentle  slopes  there  offer- 


GENERAL  GEOLOGY. 


219 


ing  a  more  extended  surface  of  drainage,  while  the  land  on  the 
south  and  west  is  higher  and  more  abrupt,  through  which  the  waters, 
collected  over  a  more  limited  area,  and  hence  in  small  streams,  have 
cut  deep  and  narrow  channels. 

West  Fork  enters  the  county  in  the  southern  part  of  T.  50,  R.  3, 
W. ,  and  flows  in  a  westerly  direction,  generally  through  a  deep  and 
narrow  valley,  but  with  occasional  wide-spreading  bottoms.  Its 
principal  branches  are  Camp  and  Turkey  Creeks  on  the  south  and 
Lead  Creek  on  the  north.  From  the  junction  of  these  Forks,  Cuivre 
River  flows  south-easterly  along  a  broad  valley,  from  one-half  to  one 
and  a  half  miles  wide,  the  bottoms  being  rich  and  well  wooded,  and 
shut  in  by  bold  escarpments  of  rock.  Sugar  Creek  from  the  east, 
and  Crooked  Creek  from  the  west,  enter  the  Cuivre  before  it  reaches 
the  southern  limit  of  the  county,  where  it  is  joined  by  Big  Creek  or 
Eagle  Fork.  From  this  point  it  flows  in  an  irregular  easterly  course 
into  the  Mississippi,  near  the  middle  of  T.  48,  R.  3,  E.  During 
certain  seasons  of  the  year  the  river  is  navigable  for  small  steam- 
boats as  far  as  Moscow,  a  distance  of  nearly  twenty-five  miles. 

The  north-eastern  portion  is  watered  by  Bryant's  Creek,  which 
flows  with  a  north-east  and  easterly  course  through  a  broad  valley, 
with  high  and  somewhat  abrupt  ridges  on  the  south  side,  the  high 
land  on  the  north  sloping  gradually  for  a  mile  or  more  toward  the 
stream.  Broad  bottoms  occur  at  many  places,  with  a  heavy  growth 
of  timber.  After  reaching  the  bottoms  of  the  Mississippi,  this  stream 
turns  south  and  flows  a  number  of  miles  along  the  river,  forming, 
with  the  addition  of  other  streams,  a  broad  and  shallow  body  of 
water,  called  King's  Lake.  The  other  principal  streams  of  the 
eastern  part  of  the  county  are  Lost,  Hurricane,  Sandy,  and  McLean's 
Creeks,  which  take  their  rise  in  the  range  of  knobs  already  men- 
tioned, and  flow  through  deep  and  narrow  valleys  into  the  Missis- 
sippi bottom,  emptying  into  King's  Lake.  Bob's  Creek,  farther 
south,  rises  near  the  head-waters  of  Bryant'^  Creek,  and,  receiving 
the  drainage-waters  of  the  western  slopes  of  the  range  of  knobs, 
passes  around  the  southern  extremity  of  the  latter,  and,  with  Brushy 
Fork,  enters  the  Mississippi  a  short  distance  north  of  Cuivre. 

The  Mississippi  bottom  varies  in  breadth  from  one  and  a  half  to 
three  miles,  and  consists  mostly  of  prairie-land,  a  narrow  fringe  of 
timber  occurring  only  along  the  banks  of  the  streams  and  the  foot 
of  the  rock-bluffs. 


220  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

One  of  the  marked  features  of  the  surface  in  many  parts  of  the 
county  is  the  occurrence  of  small  conical  depressions,  known  as  sink- 
holes. They  are  found  always  in  the  high  land  and  near  the  edge 
of  a  ravine  or  valley,  and  sometimes  in  great  numbers,  as  in  Sec.  10, 
T.  49,  R.  2,  E.,  where  fourteen  occur  in  a  row  within  a  few  hundred 
feet.  These  have  originated  from  the  surface-water  making  its  way 
through  the  crevices  and  joints  of  the  limestone,  enlarging  them 
by  wearing  away  the  edges  of  the  limestone  until  they  became 
large  cavities,  through  which  the  overlying  soil  is  carried,  causing 
it  to  cave  in,  and  forming  the  funnel-like  depression.  Springs  often 
obtain  their  supplies  of  water  from  these  sink-holes,  and  large 
streams  disappear  in  them,  and  after  flowing  a  distance  underground 
reappear  in  the  valleys  below. 

Most  of  the  caves,  of  which  there  are  many  of  large  size  in  the 
county,  have  been  formed  in  this  way,  aided  in  some  cases  by  the 
waters  of  the  streams  flowing  past. 

In  Sec.  1 5,  T.  51,  R.  2,  W. ,  on  Anderson's  Fork,  a  large  and  well- 
formed  natural  bridge  has  been  worked  out  of  the  limestone  bluff 
through  similar  agencies.  The  limestone  belongs  to  the  Recepta- 
culite,  or  upper,  beds  of  the  Trenton  formation,  and  forms  a  perpen- 
dicular wall  of  sixty  feet  on  the  west  side  of  the  stream.  About 
fifty  feet  from  the  edge  of  the  bluff  there  is  a  large  sink-hole,  from 
the  bottom  of  which  a  passage  from  four  to  ten  feet  wide  and  eight 
to  twenty-five  high  leads  back  to  the  outside  wall  of  the  bluff  at 
the  edge  of  the  stream,  forming  a  complete  bridge  overhead. 

STRATIGRAPHICAL  GEOLOGY. 

The  following  is  the  order  of  succession  and  thickness  of  the  va- 
rious geological  formations  appearing  at  the  surface  within  the  limits 
of  Lincoln  County  : — 

£*  .  -|  Alluvium, 

c  S    i  Bottom  Prairie, 

£  to  I  Bluff  or  Loess,  75  ft. 

3  £  Drift  (bowlders), 
C*     J 

Lower  Coal-Measures,  35  " 


GENERAL  GEOLOGY.  221 


Ferruginous  Sandstone,  20   ft. 

St.  Louis  Limestone,  90  " 

Archimedes     "  80  " 

Encrinital         "  180  " 


Chouteau  Limestone,  5°  " 
Vermicular  Sandstone  and  Shale,  5°  " 

Hamilton  Group,  30  " 

Onondaga  Limestone,  6  " 

Hudson  Group,  65  " 

Trenton      "  230  " 

Birdseye  and  Black  River,  30  " 


^  M        IS  «  1           ist  Magnesian  Limestone,  50 

*"  eft"  ^    «3  ^              Saccharoidal  Sandstone,  65 

2d  Magnesian  Limestone,  35 

o  5  J      9  '7> 


The  Lower  Silurian  occupies  about  one-third  of  the  entire  county 
area  in  the  northern  and  north-eastern  parts. 

The  Devonian  appears  in  a  narrow  stripe  along  the  southern 
margin  of  the  Silurian,  and  as  isolated  areas  in  the  high  knobs  of 
the  north-eastern  townships. 

The  Carboniferous  occupies  the  remainder — nearly  two-thirds  of 
the  county — and  is  almost  entirely  of  the  Subcarboniferous  division, 
the  Coal-Measures  covering  only  a  very  limited  area  in  the  high 
ridges  of  the  south-east. 

The  occurrence  of  so  wide  a  range  of  geological  formations  within 
the  limits  of  this  county  is  due  to  an  uplift  of  the  Lower  Silurian  on 
the  north  and  east. 

The  overlying  formations  were  afterward  very  extensively  re- 
moved by  surface  erosion,  leaving,  thus,  the  lower  strata  exposed 
to  view.  In  the  high  knobs  and  hills  of  the  north-eastern  part  the 
remnants  of  these  overlying  formations  are  still  to  be  seen  in  the 
Onondaga,  Hamilton  and  Chouteau  beds,  occurring  there  as  geo- 
logical islands  in  the  Silurian  area. 

The  main  axis  of  this  uplift  seems  to  have  been  in  a  general 
direction  of  W.  30°  N.,  and  near  the  southern  border  of  the  present 
Silurian  area.  By  reference  to  the  section  along  the  Mississippi 


222  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

bluffs,  it  will  be  seen  that  between  McLean's  and  Sandy  Creeks  a 
strong  anticlinal  arch  intersects  the  bluffs,  the  lowest  formation  that 
appears  being  the  Second  Magnesian  limestone,  with  the  Saccha- 
roidal  sandstone  overlying  it  conformably.  On  the  south  side  a 
fault  has  taken  place,  and  the  Vermicular  group  rests  against  these 
with  the  Chouteau  and  Encrinital  limestones  beyond,  while  toward 
the  north  the  strata  dip  gradually  and  at  a  decreasing  angle  as  far 
as  Little  Bill's  Branch,  where  another  smaller  fault  has  taken  place 
and  later  beds  appear.  This  anticlinal  arch  and  the  great  fault  can 
be  traced  through  the  county  to  its  north-western  border,  and  it  is 
along  this  line  that  the  Devonian  formations  for  the  most  part  ap- 
pear. 

The  amount  of  uplift  of  this  Silurian  area  must  have  been 
about  four  hundred  feet,  judging  from  the  thickness  of  the  over- 
lying formations  as  exposed  in  other  parts  of  the  county.  The 
upturned  strata  of  the  St.  Louis  limestone,  near  the  line  of  fault, 
show  that  the  period  of  disturbance  must  have  been  later  than  the 
Subcarboniferous  ;  and  though  there  is  no  evidence  in  Lincoln 
County  to  prove  how  much  later  it  was,  still,  across  the  Mississippi, 
in  Pike  County,  Illinois,  the  undisturbed  strata  of  the  Coal-Meas- 
ures  appear  resting  uncomformably  upon  the  tilted  beds  of  the  Sub- 
carboniferous  limestone,  proving  the  disturbance  to  have  been  an- 
terior to  the  Coal  epoch. 

In  the  north-eastern  part  of  the  county,  at  Little  Bill's  Branch, 
there  occurs  another  fault,  as  already  mentioned,  on  the  south  side 
of  which  the  Receptaculite  limestone  of  the  Upper  Trenton  is  in 
place,  and  in  the  north  the  Chouteau  limestone  and  Vermicular 
shales.  This  small  area  of  Devonian  formations  seems  to  be  the 
remnant  of  a  much  larger  area  extending  toward  the  east,  but 
now  cut  away  by  the  waters  which  excavated  the  great  Mississippi 
Valley.  It  was  probably  also  a  part  of  the  Devonian  beds,  which, 
previous  to  the  uplift,  covered  the  entire  region,  but  which,  with 
the  exception  of  a  few  high  knobs,  have  since  been  swept  away. 
Owing  to  the  faulting  of  the  strata  along  the  branch,  this  area  was 
not  elevated  to  any  great  extent,  and  the  beds,  remaining  more 
nearly  horizontal,  offered  greater  resistance  to  the  action  of  surface 
erosion,  and  are  thus  left  as  we  now  find  them. 

In  other  parts  of  the  county  the  strata  show  evidence  of  a  slight 
movement.  Along  Bryant's  Creek,  from  the  Mississippi  bluffs  for 


GENERAL  GEOLOGY.  223 

a  distance  of  several  miles  toward  the  west,  the  strata  rise  at  an 
angle  of  from  3°  to  8°,  being  greater  toward  the  east.  The  Hudson 
group  gradually  gives  way  to  the  Trenton,  and  in  the  north-eastern 
part  of  T.  51,  R.  i,  W.,  the  Lower  Magnesian  series  appears  at  the 
surface.  From  thence  the  dip  is  very  gentle  toward  the  west.  Also 
in  the  southern  half  of  the  county,  where  the  Subcarboniferous 
prevails,  the  same  general  structure  may  be  seen.  East  of  Cuivre 
River  the  dip  is  very  perceptible  toward  the  north-east,  giving  in 
succession  outcrops  of  formations  from  the  Coal-Measures  to  the 
Encrinital  limestone.  Beyond  the  river  the  dip  is  very  slight 
toward  the  west. 

We  have  thus  two  great  and  nearly  parallel  anticlinal  arches  in 
the  northern  and  southern  parts  of  the  county,  and  seemingly  inde- 
pendent of  the  line  of  fault  which  separates  them. 

SECOND   MAGNESIAN    LIMESTONE. 

This  is  the  oldest  geological  formation  represented  in  Lincoln 
County.  It  occurs  in  the  Mississippi  bluffs,  south  of  Sandy  Creek, 
forming  the  lowest  beds  of  an  anticlinal  arch  for  a  distance  of  over 
a  mile.  On  the  south  it  first  appears  rising  at  an  angle  of  15°  from 
the  line  of  fault,  where  the  Vermicular  sandstone  and  shales  rest 
against  it.  Rising  at  a  gradually  diminishing  angle,  the  crown  of 
the  arch  is  reached  within  a  quarter  of  a  mile  to  the  north,  and  here 
the  formation  is  about  thirty-five  feet  thick,  and  consists  of — 

'No.  4 — Dull  yellowish  white  or  gray  earthy  magnesian  limestone, 
in  beds  from  one  to  ten  inches  thick  and  destitute  of  fossils,  with 
thin  sandy  beds  interstratified.  18  feet. 

No.  3 — Light-brown,  dense,  and  rather  silicious  limestone,  with 
crystals  of  calcite  and  dolomite  in  cavities.  5  feet,  passing  into 

No.  2 — Coarse  yellowish  crystalline  limestone,  in  beds  six  to 
twelve  inches  thick,  with  calcite  in  thin  veins  and  cavities.  6  feet. 

No.  i — Covered  slope  to  the  foot  of  the  bluffs.     6  feet. 

For  a  distance  of  nearly  half  a  mile  these  beds  are  quite  horizon- 
tal, appearing  at  intervals  from  the  covered  slopes.  Beyond,  they 
begin  to  descend,  and,  in  the  north-east  J  of  Sec.  2,  T.  49,  R.  2,  E., 
within  a  quarter  of  a  mile  of  Sandy  Creek,  disappear  beneath  the 
Saccharoidal  sandstone. 

On  the  south  side  of  Sandy  Creek,  in  Sec.  35,  T.  50,  R.  2,  E. , 


224  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

there  is  an  exposure  of  fifteen  feet  of  a  thin-bedded,  earthy,  magne- 
sian  limestone,  dipping  at  an  angle  of  8°  to  the  north-west,  which, 
from  its  position,  is  undoubtedly  the  2d  Magnesian.  The  layers 
are,  in  places,  much  disturbed,  showing  an  irregular  wave-structure  ; 
but  the  general  dip  prevails,  carrying  the  formation  under  in  a  short 
distance. 

This  exposure  of  the  2d  Magnesian  is  due  to  a  bend  in  the  creek 
toward  the  south,  which  has  cut  into  the  anticlinal  arch  beyond  the 
general  line  of  the  valley,  and  reached  the  lower  beds  near  the 
axis. 

No  organic  remains  were  found  in  any  part  of  this  formation,  but 
its  well-marked  lithological  character,  and  its  relation  to  the  over- 
lying Saccharoidal  sandstone,  leave  no  doubt  as  to  its  true  position 
in  the  geological  scale. 

THE   SACCHAROIDAL   SANDSTONE. 

This  formation,  as  developed  in  this  county,  consists  of  a  white  or 
reddish-brown  and  generally  coarse  granular  sandstone,  in  thick 
beds,  often  showing  no  signs  of  stratification,  or  in  thin,  regularly 
stratified  layers.  The  pure  white  variety  is  composed  of  grains 
of  quartz,  imperfectly  cemented  together  and  crumbling  readily  on 
exposure,  while  the  dark-colored  beds  are  of  firmer  texture  and 
more  durable,  the  oxide  of  iron  with  which  it  is  colored  furnishing 
additional  cementing  power. 

The  most  noted  points  where  this  sandstone  is  developed  are  in 
the  Mississippi  bluffs  from  the  north  side  of  Sandy  Creek,  for  a  dis- 
tance of  three  miles  south,  and  west  along  the  creek  and  its 
branches  for  about  the  same  distance.  On  the  Mississippi  it 
forms  the  top  of  the  anticlinal  arch  already  alluded  to.  The  total 
thickness  here  is  about  sixty-five  feet,  the  upper  part  in  thinner 
layers  irregularly  stratified,  and  the  lower  in  heavy-jointed  beds, 
from  which  blocks  of  great  size  have  fallen  to  the  foot  of  the  bluffs, 
or  lie  scattered  along  the  intervening  slope.  On  the  weathered 
surface  this  rock  is  of  a  dark,  reddish-brown  color,  and  in  the  in- 
terior of  a  lighter  brown  or  yellow — all  more  or  less  stained  with 
oxide  of  iron.  It  forms  the  main  part  of  the  bluff  as  far  south  as 
the  line  of  fault,  where  it  appears  cropping  out  in  the  top  of  the 
hills,  over  the  2d  magnesian  limestone  ;  and  in  the  higher  hills,  near 


GENERAL  GEOLOGY.  22$ 

Sandy  Creek,  it  is  overlaid  by  the  1st  Magnesian  ;  but  the  slopes 
of  the  bluffs  are  so  well  covered  with  detritus  that  it  is  not  possible 
to  obtain  a  good  section  at  any  point.  The  dip  to  the  north  and 
west  carries  the  sandstone  gradually  down  to  the  Mississippi  bot- 
tom. It  forms  the  greater  part  of  the  bluffs  on  both  sides  of  Sandy 
Creek  bottom,  with  an  exposure,  on  the  north  side,  of  nearly  thirty- 
five  feet,  and  a  general  dip  of  7°  to  N.  20°  W.,  which  causes  it  to 
disappear  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  to  the  north.  It  consists  of 
thin-bedded,  well-stratified,  fine-grained  sandstone  of  a  dull  yellow- 
ish-gray color,  with  beds  of  coarser  sandstone,  and  in  thicker  layers 
interstratified. 

West  of  the  Mississippi  bluffs  the  sandstone  appears  in  the  hills 
and  ridges  along  lower  Sandy  Creek  and  its  branches,  cropping  out 
at  intervals  only  in  the  north  bank,  but  forming  bold  perpendicular 
bluffs  on  the  south  side,  where  it  consists  of  massive  beds  irregularly 
jointed,  but  exhibiting  no  signs  of  stratification. 

With  a  dip  of  nearly  10°  to  N.  18°  W.,  it  descends  gradually 
along  the  bluff  to  the  bed  of  the  creek,  a  crumbling  mass,  under- 
mined in  many  places  by  the  running  water,  forming  "  sand-caves," 
which  show  the  light  yellow  and  sometimes  pure  white  sand  of  the 
freshly-fractured  surface.  Along  the  whole  length  of  the  creek  and 
its  main  branches,  South,  Middle  and  North  Sandy,  the  dip  in  the 
strata  is  west  of  north  10°  to  25°,  and  at  an  angle  of  5°  to  15°, 
diminishing  toward  the  west.  This  dip  carries  the  Saccharoidal 
sandstone  beneath  the  surface  on  the  North  Branch,  about  a  quarter 
of  a  mile  north-west  of  Robertson's  Mill,  while  across  the  intervening 
ridge,  on  Middle  Sandy,  thirty-six  feet  of  it  are  exposed  in  the  bluffs. 

The  accompanying  section,  taken  nearly  north  and  south  across 
Middle  and  North  Sandy,  in  Sees.  28  and  33  of  T.  50,  R.  2,  E., 
will  show  the  position  of  the  strata  at  this  region. 

Fig.  61. 


•»•*!>•«*«« 

On  the  Middle,  near  its  junction  with  the  South  Sandy,  the  Sac- 
charoidal forms  the  main  part  of  the  bluff,  being  nearly  forty  feet  in 
15 


226  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

thickness,  and  is  overlaid  by  twenty-five  feet  of  the  ist  Magnesian 
limestone.  It  dips  gently  up-stream,  and  disappears  about  a  mile 
further  on,  from  which  point,  across  the  intervening  ridge  to  the 
South  Sandy,  a  thickness  of  forty  feet  is  exposed  in  the  bluffs  on  the 
south  side,  as  will  be  seen  in  the  accompanying  sketch,  section  taken 
across  all  three  branches  from  near  the  middle  of  Sec.  32  to  south 
of  Sec.  20,  T.  50,  R.  2,  E. 

Fig.  62.  . 


The  South  Sandy  flows  nearer  the  axis  of  the  anticlinal,  so  that 
the  angle  of  the  dip  is  much  less,  and  the  sandstone  appears  in 
the  bluffs  along  nearly  its  entire  length,  giving  place  to  the  1st 
Magnesian  limestone  near  the  section-line  between  31  and  32. 

In  the  north-western  part  of  the  county  there  are  two  other  locali- 
ties in  which  the  Saccharoidal  sandstone  occurs.  One  of  these  is  in 
Townships  50  and  5 1 ,  R.  I ,  W. ,  on  the  main  branches  of  Mill  Creek, 
where  it  forms  perpendicular  bluffs  of  pure  white,  crumbling  sand- 
rock,  tinged  on  the  surface  with  light  yellow,  red,  and  dark  brown. 
In  south-east  of  Sec.  33,  T.  51,  R.  I,  W.,  near  the  township  line, 
the  line  of  upheaval  crosses  the  south  branch  in  the  direction  of  N. 
50°  W.  The  Trenton  dipping,  at  an  angle  of  20°  to  S.  60°  W.,  ap- 
pears in  the  bed  of  the  creek,  and  further  on  the  ist  Magnesian  rises 
at  an  angle  of  about  15°,  which  diminishes  gradually  up  the  branch, 
and,  beyond,  the  Saccharoidal  sandstone,  rising  very  gently,  forms 
the  lower  part  of  the  bluffs  for  a  mile  and  a  quarter,  and  then  dis- 
appears in  the  high  hills  near  the  head  of  the  stream.  Its  greatest 
observed  thickness  was  thirty  feet,  occurring  in  heavy  beds  indis- 
tinctly stratified. 

On  the  main  branch  of  Mill  Creek  this  formation  also  appears 
rising  from  the  south-west,  near  the  middle  of  Sec.  33,  T.  51,  R.  I, 
W.,  and,  forming  the  base  of  the  bluffs  for  about  a  mile,  passes 
under  the  1st  Magnesian  limestone,,  near  the  old  Auburn  Church. 
The  thickness  of  the  formation  on  this  branch  is  about  twenty-five 
feet. 


GENERAL  GEOLOGY.  22/ 

A  section  affords  the  following  : — 

No.  3 — Trenton  limestone  in  the  high  hills 25  feet. 

2 — First  Magnesian  limestone 48  feet. 

i — Saccharoidal  sandstone 25  feet. 

The  greater  part  of  No.  3  is  in  heavy  beds,  but  the  upper  ten 
feet  are  in  thin  layers  and  of  fine  grit. 

On  the  Sandy  Branch  of  Anderson's  Fork,  near  the  section-line, 
between  3  and  4  of  the  same  township,  a  small  area  of  Saccharoidal 
sandstone  occurs  in  the  bottom  of  the  branch,  about  8  feet  thick. 
The  dip  of  this  and  the  overlying  formations  on  the  south  is  5°  to  7° 
nearly  due  south,  and  gradually  diminishing  in  that  direction.  On 
the  north  the  sandstone  disappears  beneath  the  ist  Magnesian  in 
the  higher  hills,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  south  of  the  county  line.  The 
sandstone  is  of  a  fine,  gritty  character,  of  a  yellowish  gray  color, 
and  in  thin  layers  from  two  to  six  inches  thick. 

In  the  north-east  ^  of  Sec.  5,  on  a  branch  of  Gwin's  Creek, 
running  north-east  into  Pike  County,  there  is  exposed  six  feet  or 
more  of  a  thin-bedded,  yellow  sandstone,  similar  to  that  occurring 
on  the  Sandy  Branch  of  Anderson's  Fork.  The  beds  dip  very 
slightly  toward  the  north,  and  are  overlaid  by  about  thirty-five 
feet  of  the  ist  Magnesian. 

No  fossils  were  found  in  any  of  the  beds  of  this  formation. 

THE   FIRST   MAGNESIAN    LIMESTONE. 

This  limestone  appears  in  the  county  in  the  same  general  locali- 
ties as  the  members  of  the  Lower  Magnesian  series  already  de- 
scribed, having  been  forced  to  the  surface  through  the  overlying 
beds  of  the  Trenton  group,  and  exposed  more  fully  by  the  streams 
which  have  cut  deep  channels  into  them. 

The  main  beds  of  the  formation  are  composed  of  a  dull-gray  or 
yellowish  crystalline  magnesian  limestone  in  thick  layers  ;  silicious 
in  places,  and  with  cavities  containing  calcite  and  dolomite,  while 
other  beds  are  of  a  light-yellow  color,  in  thin,  regular  layers  with 
interstratified  blue  and  drab  shales,  oolitic  and  sandy  layers.  The 
formation  appears  in  the  top  of  the  high  hills  and  north  of  Sandy 
Creek  overlying  the  Saccharoidal  sandstone,  about  twenty  feet  of 
thin-bedded,  yellow,  earthy  and  part  sandy  layers  capping  the  high 
bluffs  on  the  Mississippi. 


228  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

The  dip  to  the  north  and  west  which  prevails  in  the  strata  along 
the  Sandy  and  its  branches,  as  shown  in  previous  sections,  carries 
the  1st  Magnesian  lower  in  the  bluffs  and  exposes  it  more  fully 
farther  up  the  creek. 

In  the  dividing  ridge  between  the  North  and  Middle  Sandy,  at 
Myers's  Farm,  the  full  section  of  about  fifty  feet  is  exposed  between 
the  Saccharoidal  sandstone  and  the  Black  River  beds,  as  follows  : — 

No.  8 — Covered  top. 

7 — Thin-bedded,  bluish-gray,  dense,  brittle  limestone,  filled  with 
vermicular  cavities. 

6 — Yellowish-gray  subcrystalline  magnesian  limestone,  in  beds 
from  two  to  ten  inches  thick,  with  disseminated  crystals  of  calcite. 

5 — Light-yellow  crystalline  limestone. 

4 — Dull-brown,  earthy  limestone. 

3 — Light-yellow  arenaceous  limestone  in  thin  layers. 

2 — Bluish-gray  limestone,  in  thin  beds,  with  interstratified  blue 
and  drab  shales,  oolitic  and  sandy  layers. 

I — Saccharoidal  sandstone  to  the  bed  of  the  creek. 

On  the  North  Sandy  the  1st  Magnesian  descends  rapidly  to  the 
bed  of  the  stream,  and  disappears  in  Sec.  20. 

On  the  Middle  Sandy  thirty-eight  feet  are  exposed  in  the  bluffs 
overlaid  by  the  Black  River  beds,  in  the  north-east  corner  of  Sec. 
32,  T.  50,  R.  i,  E.,  as  appears  in  the  following  section  :— 

No.  5 — Light-gray  and  drab,  thin-bedded,  compact  limestone, 
with  vermicular  markings. 

4 — Dark,  yellowish-gray,  earthy  magnesian  limestone,  with  dis- 
seminated masses  of  calcite. 

3 — Light-yellow,  fine  crystalline  magnesian  limestone. 

2 — Dark-brown,  earthy  limestone. 

I — Light-yellow,  sandy,  thin-bedded  limestone. 

These  beds  finally  disappear  in  the  creek  bottom,  near  the  cross- 
ing of  the  section-line  between  29  and  30. 

On  the  South  Sandy  it  forms  the  highest  part  of  the  main  ridge, 
and  with  a  gradual  dip  descends  to  the  bluffs  in  the  middle  of  Sec. 
32,  and  from  there  west  to  the  head  of  the  stream  cropping  out  in 
the  side-hills,  passing  under  the  lower  Trenton,  in  the  centre  of 
Sec.  31. 

On  the  South  and  Middle  Branches  of  Mill  Creek  the  ist  Mag- 
nesian makes  its  appearance,  rising  from  the  bed  of  the  streams  at 


GENERAL  GEOLOGY. 


229 


an  angle  of  about  10°  to  the  north-east.  It  forms  the  top  of  the 
dividing  ridge,  and  skirts  along  the  high  bluffs,  disappearing  finally 
in  the  hills  at  the  heads  of  the  streams. 

A  section  taken  at  Ellis's  Farm,  near  the  head   of  the  South 
Branch,  gives  the  following  : — 
No.  9 — Covered  top  of  hill. 
8 — Light-drab,    compact,    thin-bedded 
limestone,  weathered  into  holes  and  wind- 
ing passages,  with  Orthoceratites  resem- 
bling Ormoccras  tenuifilum. 

7 — Thin-bedded,  drab,  dense  limestone, 
interstratified  with  light-blue  shaly  lime- 
stone and  fine  limestone  conglomerate  of 
light-drab  color. 

6 — Light-buff,  crystalline,  magnesian 
limestone,  with  crystals  of  calcite  scat- 
tered through  the  mass,  and  the  layers 
from  one  to  fifteen  inches  thick. 

5 — Dark-brown,  fine-grained  magnesian 
limestone. 

4 — Light-yellow,  sandy  magnesian  lime- 
stone. 

3 — Bluish-gray,  compact,  thin-bedded 
limestone  with  thin  partings  of  drab- 
colored,  soft  shales,  and  interstratified 
oolitic  and  sandy  layers. 

2 — Thin,  irregularly  stratified  sandy  and 
limestone  conglomerate  layers,  passing 
into 

i — Thin-bedded,  well-defined  Saccha- 
roidal  sandstone,  to  the  bed  of  the  south 
branch  of  Mill  Creek. 

In  the  bed  of  the  Sandy  Branch  of 
Anderson's  Fork,  as  already  mentioned, 
the  1st  Magnesian  limestone  crops  out  in 
the  east  middle  of  Sec.  9.  Rising  gently 
toward  the  north-east,  it  forms  the  top  of 
the  bluffs  overlying  the  Saccharoidal  sand- 
stone, with  an  exposure  of  forty  feet,  and 


230  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

still  further  north  is  lost  in  the  high  hills  about  the  head  of  the 
branch. 

On  the  small  branch  of  Gwin's  Creek,  in  Sec.  5,  it  may  be  seen 
overlying  the  Saccharoidal  which  occupies  the  bed  of  the  stream, 
but  owing  to  the  surface-covering  no  accurate  measurements  could 
be  made. 

Very  few  fossils  occur  in  any  part  of  this  formation,  a  species  of 
Ophileta  and  of  a  trilobite  like  Bathyurus  being  the  only  ones,  and 
these  very  scarce. 

The  Trenton  Group. — This  important  series  of  limestones  is  very 
largely  represented  in  Lincoln  County,  covering  an  extended  area 
in  the  northern  and  north-eastern  townships,  and  exhibiting  a  total 
thickness  of  about  two  hundred  and  thirty  feet. 

It  may  be  divided  into — 

1.  Trenton  limestone. 

2.  Black  River  and  Birdseye  limestone. 

Lithologically  it  is  not  easy  to  separate  the  two  members,  nor  by 
an  examination  of  the  fossils  can  the  dividing  line  be  determined 
with  accuracy,  but  the  occurrence  of  a  few  forms  characteristic  of 
the  Black  River  and  Birdseye  limestones  in  other  regions  marks  the 
presence  of  these  beds. 

Black  River  and  Birdseye  Limestone. — In  the  Mississippi 
bluffs,  north  of  Sandy  Creek,  there  occur  a  series  of  drab  and 
light-blue,  thin-bedded,  compact  beds  overlying  the  1st  Magnesian 
limestone,  which  may  be  referred,  in  part  at  least,  to  this  division 
of  the  Trenton  group. 

A  section  taken  in  south-east  ^  of  Sec.  26,  T.  50,  R.  2,  E.,  is  as 
below  : — 

No.  5— Light  bluish-gray,  fine  crystalline  limestone. 
|"  4 — Drab    and  dark-gray,   compact,   brittle  limestone,  with  con- 
choidal  fracture  in  beds  one  to  ten  inches  thick,  many  of  which  are 
rilled  with  winding  passages  and  irregular  cavities  on  the  weathered 
surface  :  a  few  species  of  Orthoceratites. 

3 — Light- blue,  less  compact  limestone,  with  small  veins  and  cavi- 
ties of  calcite. 

2 — Thin,  shaly  layers  of  drab-colored  limestone. 

i — Light  buff-colored,  fine  crystalline  magnesian  limestone. 

These  beds  dip  toward  the  north  in  the  bluff  and  pass  out  of 


GENERAL  GEOLOGY. 


231 


sight  within  half  a  mile,  and  give  place  to  the  overlying  Trenton 
limestone. 

On  Sandy  Creek  the  same  formation  was  observed  at  several 
points,  with  some  differences  in  lithological  characters.  In  the  tops 
of  the  hills  north  of  Robertson's  Mill,  a  thin-bedded,  compact, 
brownish  limestone  with  vermicular  cavities  crops  out  at  intervals  a 
short  distance  above  the  ist  Magnesian  limestone,  but  the  junction 
could  not  be  seen.  Following  up  the  North  Branch  of  the  Sandy  as 
far  as  Myers's  Farm,  these  brown  and  drab  beds  form  the  main  part 
of  the  bluff,  overlying  the  light  buff-colored  beds  of  ist  Magnesian 
and  dipping  to  the  north-west.  At  the  top  of  the  intervening 
ridge,  between  the  North  and  Middle  Sandy,  about  five  feet  of  the 
same  appears,  as  will  be  seen  in  the  cross-section  taken  there  and 
already  given. 

At  Cheeley's  Farm  the  following  section  rig.  64. 

occurs  : — 

No.  10 — Covered  top  of  hill. 

9 — Dark-gray,  subcrystallined  limestone, 
with  veins  and  scattered  crystals  of  cal- 
cite. 

8 — Nearly  white,  compact  limestone  in 
thin  layers. 

7 — Brown  and  drab,  thin-bedded,  very 
dense  limestone. 

6 — Bluish-gray  limestone,  filled  with  ver- 
micular cavities  and  thin  bedded. 

5 — Light-brown,  oolitic  and  brecciated 
limestone. 

4 — Dull,  yellow,  crystalline  magnesian 
limestone,  with  crystals  of  calcite  scattered 
through  it ;  beds  from  two  to  eight  inches 
thick. 

3 — Light-yellow,  crystalline  magnesian 
limestone,  in  thick  beds. 

2 — Brown,  earthy  magnesian  limestone. 

i — Yellow,  arenaceous,  shaly  limestone. 

Bed  of  Sandy  Creek. 


232 


GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 


The  dip  of  these  beds  is  in  the  same  general  direction  as  that 
of  the  underlying  Lower  Magnesian  series,  namely,  N.  10°  to  35° 
W.,  but  the  angle  is  noticeably  less,  in  the  former  not  exceeding 
5°  to  7°,  and  diminishing  toward  the  west 

On  the  North  Branch  this  formation  gives  place  to  the  Trenton 
limestones  in  the  south  part  of  Sec.  20,  T.  50,  R.  2,  E.  ;  on  the  Main 
Sandy  it  disappears  near  the  east  line  of  Sec.  30,  while  on  South 
Branch  it  continues  to  the  head  of  the  stream  and  is  lost  in  the  high 
hills. 

In  T.  51,  R.  I,  E.,  on  Bryant's  Creek,  thin  drab,  brown  and 
bluish  gray,  compact  limestones,  similar  to  those  seen  on  Sandy, 
crop  out  in  the  lower  part  of  the  ridges  and  bluffs  for  a  distance 
of  three  or  four  miles.  A  gradual  rise,  in  the  strata  may  be  traced 
along  Bryant's  Creek  toward  the  west  from  the  Mississippi  bluffs, 
and  near  the  middle  of  the  township  above  named  the  Black  River 
and  Birdseye  limestones  appear. 

A  section  taken  in  the  south-east  quarter  of  Sec.  16  shows  the 
position  and  character  of  these  beds. 

Fig.  65. 


No.  5 — Covered  top  of  bank. 

4 — Light-gray,  compact  limestone  with  smooth  conchoidal  frac- 
ture, containing  small  crystals  of  calcite  scattered  sparsely  through 
the  mass. 

3 — Drab,  fine  crystalline. 

2 — Bluish-gray,  dense,  thin-bedded,  with  vermicular  cavities. 


GENERAL  GEOLOGY.  233 

No.  I — Brown,  very  dense  and  brittle  limestone,  in  beds  from  one 
to  six  inches,  and  perforated  in  every  direction. 

Nos.  i  and  2  contain  OrtJioceratites  in  abundance,  but  no  Bra- 
chiopods. 

Further  west,  in  the  next  township,  these  beds  of  the  Black 
River,  etc.,  are  lost  in  the  high  dividing  ridge  which  separates  the 
waters  of  Bryant's  and  Mill  Creeks.  But  on  the  western  slope,  near 
the  head  of  the  latter,  they  appear  again  beneath  the  well-marked 
Trenton  and  in  places  resting  upon  the  ist  Magnesian  Limestone, 
as  may  be  seen  in  the  section  at  Ellis's  Farm,  already  given. 

Along  the  upper  part  of  the  Sandy  Branch  of  Anderson's  Fork 
they  crop  out,  exhibiting  the  same  lithological  characters  as  in  the 
localities  mentioned  above,  and  dipping  slightly  to  the  south-west. 

Of  the  fossils  occurring  in  this  formation  the  OrtJioceratites  alone 
appear ;  of  these,  Ormoceras  tenuifilum  are  the  most  common. 
Gonioceras  anceps  also  occurs. 

The  Trenton  Limestone. — This  formation  is  very  largely  deve- 
loped in  Lincoln,  having  a  total  thickness  of  two  hundred  and  thirty 
feet,  and  covering  a  large  area  in  the  northern  part  of  the  county. 
From  the  marked  lithological  differences,  and  also  in  the  character 
of  the  fossils,  the  formation  may  conveniently  be  divided  into 

Upper  Trenton  beds. 

Lower  Trenton  beds. 

The  Lower  Trenton  consists  of  light-blue  and  drab,  thin-bedded, 
compact,  buff  and  gray,  fine  crystalline  limestones,  in  the  lower 
part  filled  with  vermicular  cavities  on  the  weathered  surface,  giving 
it  a  peculiar  honey-combed  structure. 

It  occurs  in  the  Mississippi  bluffs,  north  of  Sandy  Creek,  at 
first  cropping  out  in  the  high  hills,  and,  gradually  descending  in 
the  face  of  the  bluff,  takes  the  place  of  the  Black  River  and  Birds- 
eye  beds,  and  passes  on  north  for  five  or  six  miles  before  it  disap- 
pears beneath  the  upper  beds. 

Fig.  65,  already  given,  shows  the  relation  of  these  beds  with 
the  underlying  formations,  and  the  following  section,  taken  near 
Hurricane  Creek,  in  Sec.  14,  T.  50,  R.  2,  E.,  shows  the  character  of 
the  beds  at  their  junction  with  the  Upper  Trenton. 

No.  6 — Coarse  crystalline,  light-gray  and  yellowish-white  lime- 
stone, with  Strophomena  alternata,  Leptcena  deltoidea,  Leptcena 
sericea,  and  other  fossils. 


234 


GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 


Fig-  66-  No.    5 — Thin-bedded,      fine-grained, 

£)  reddish-brown  limestone,  with  a  large 

•  « i 

number  of  well-preserved  fossils,  the 
most  common  being  Leptcena  dcltoidea, 
Orthis  tricenaria,  Orthis  like  O.  subce- 
quata  and  a  Murchisonia. 

4 — Thin-bedded,  light-gray  crystal- 
line— fossiliferous. 

3 — Compact  drab,  with  crystals  of 
calcite  in  veins  and  cavities,  weathering 
to  light  yellow,  and  in  beds  from  four 
to  eighteen  inches  thick. 

2 — Light-gray  and  white,  thick- 
bedded  magnesian  limestone,  with  fer- 
ruginous stains  on  weathered  surface. 

I — Light-blue,  fine  crystalline,  some- 
what shelly  limestone,  full  of  irregular 
cavities — seen  at  various  intervals  in 
the  slope  at  foot  of  the  bluffs. 

High  up  in 
the  hills  on  the 
north  side  of 
Sandy  the  low- 
er beds  of  light- 

tlrf Statist  y>j>i  J3ott07n  blue,  honey- 
combed  lime- 
stone occur,  and  with  a  slight  westerly  dip 
descend  to  the  valley  a  mile  and  a  half 
farther  up  the  creek.  On  the  south  side 
their  first  eastern  exposure  is  a  mile  or 
more  west  of  Robertson's  Mill.  In  Sec. 
30,  T.  50,  R.  2,  E.,  the  whole  Lower  Tren- 
ton forms  the  high  perpendicular  bluffs  on 
both  sides  of  Main  Sandy,  and  beyond, 
near  the  township  line,  is  overlaid  by  the 
coarse  fossiliferous  beds  of  Upper  Trenton. 
The  annexed  section,  Fig.  67,  taken  at 
Miller's  Farm,  shows  the  relation  of  the 
two  members  of  the  Trenton : — 


Fig.  67. 


GENERAL  GEOLOGY.  235 

No.  5 — Coarse  crystalline,  light-gray  and  white  limestone,  of  un- 
even texture,  weathering  into  a  rough,  crumbling  mass,  with  light 
ferruginous  stains — very  fossiliferous. 

4 — Finer  crystalline,  thin-bedded,  shelly  limestone,  of  bluish- 
gray  color,  with  an  immense  number  of  Strophomena. 

3 — Brown,  compact  limestone,  with  veins  of  calcite — regular- 
bedded,  with  thin,  argillaceous,  shaly  partings. 

2 — Very  hard,  compact,  silicious  limestone,  of  light-blue  and 
drab  colors,  weathering  to  a  dull  yellow. 

i — Thin-bedded,  light-gray,  with  many  fossils — the  most  abun- 
dant being  Lcptcena  deltoidea,  Orthis  like  O.  testiidinaria  and  O. 
tricenaria. 

The  Lower  Trenton  forms  the  surface-rock  over  a  large  area  in 
T.  51,  R.  i,  E.  It  first  appears  on  Bryant's  Creek,  about  one 
mile  south-west  of  Diggs's  Mill,  rising  from  beneath  the  coarse 
and  shelly,  fossiliferous  beds  of  the  upper  member,  and  beyond, 
forms  the  main  bluffs  of  the  Creek  Valley.  A  previous  section 
shows  the  appearance  of  the  Black  River  limestones  in  the 
bed  of  the  stream  near  the  middle  of  the  township,  carrying  the 
Lower  Trenton  higher  up  in  the  hills.  South  of  the  creek  the  thin- 
bedded  drab  and  gray  beds  crop  out  along  the  hills  and  ridges  with 
the  loose,  shelly,  honey-combed  layers,  extending  on  into  the  west- 
ern part  of  T.  50,  R.  i,  E. 

On  Cunningham's  Branch  of  Bob's  Creek,  east  of  Snowhill,  these 
lower  beds  appear  in  the  bed  of  the  stream,  dipping  S.  45° 
W.  at  an  angle  of  23°,  and  in  the  low  bluff  of  the  south  bank  at  a 
less  angle.  Higher  up  the  branch,  over  an  interval  of  a  hundred 
yards  of  covered  bottom,  a  light  yellowish,  thin-bedded,  impure 
magnesian  limestone  forms  the  bed  of  the  stream,  and  this  is  proba- 
bly the  ist  Magnesian  Limestone.  This  latter  formation  dips 
slightly  to  the  north-east,  and  is  soon  lost.  After  an  interval  of  one 
hundred  and  fifty  yards  the  thin-bedded  fossiliferous  drab  and  gray 
limestones  of  the  Lower  Trenton  again  appear,  and  by  following  up 
the  branch  to  the  hills  on  the  north-east,  may  be  traced  to  the  over- 
lying coarse  crystalline  beds  of  the  Upper  Trenton. 

In  the  high  ridges  at  the  head  of  Fort  Spring  Branch  the  beds 
are  thin,  shelly,  of  a  light  bluish  gray  color,  and  full  of  vermicular 
cavities.  The  material  used  for  the  "  Rock  Road,"  from  Auburn 
to  Clarksville,  is  mostly  obtained  from  these  beds. 


236  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

At  Fort  Spring,  a  half-mile  south  of  Auburn,  the  following  section 
was  taken  : — 

No.  4 — At  the  top  of  the  bluff  a  grayish-blue,  close-grained, 
crystalline  limestone,  weathering  into  holes  and  irregular  passages, 
in  layers  ten  inches  to  two  feet  thick.  1 1  feet. 

3 — Same  in  thin  layers.    2  feet. 

2 — Fine  white  crystalline  limestone.     /  feet. 

I — Compact,  very  hard,  chocolate  brown,  thin-bedded  limestone, 
with  flat  nodules  of  red  chert,  and  containing  Lcptcena  dcltoidea 
and  several  species  of  Murchisonia  in  large  numbers  ;  also  a  species 
of  Subulites  like  5*.  elongata.  6  feet. 

In  T.  51,  R.  i,  W.,  the  Lower  Trenton  occupies  the  high  ridge 
land,  with  the  Black  River  limestone  in  the  valleys  below.  About 
the  head  of  Mill  Creek  its  characteristic  beds  appear  and  extend 
west  to  Sandy  and  Anderson's  Forks,  forming  bold,  perpendicular 
bluffs.  The  next  township  on  the  west  has  the  Upper  Trenton 
more  fully  developed,  the  Lower  occurring  only  in  the  north-east 
sections. 

At  the  junction  of  Sandy  and  Anderson  the  following  section 
was  taken  : — 

No.  4 — Compact,  light-gray,  crystalline  limestone,  in  thick  beds. 
1 6  feet. 

3 — White,  coarse,  crystalline  limestone,  with  crystals  of  calcite  in 
cavities  and  ferruginous  stains  on  weathered  surface.  7  feet. 

2 — Light  bluish-gray,  close-grained  limestone,  with 'cells  and  cavi- 
ties on  weathered  surface.  1 5  feet. 

I — Drab,  brittle,  compact  limestone,  with  Lept&na,  Murchisonia, 
and  Subulitcs  to  the  bed  of  the  Fork.  4  feet. 

The  Upper  Trenton  Limestone. — This  division  of  the  Trenton 
formation  consists  of — 

No.  2 — Light-blue  and  white,  crystalline,  heavy-bedded  limestone, 
passing  into  shelly  beds  below,  with  Receptaadites,  Lept&na  sericea, 
and  Orthis  testudinaria.  $6  feet. 

i — Gray  and  white,  coarse,  crystalline  limestone,  which  crumbles 
easily  where  exposed  to  the  weather,  with  great  abundance  of 
fossils,  of  which  the  most  common  are  Strophomena  altcrnata, 
Leptcena  deltoidea,  L.  sericea,  OrtJiis  testudinaria,  O.  tricenaria, 
several  species  of  Mttrchisonia,  a  trilobite  of  the  genus  Illcenus  ; 
also  Chcetetes  Lycoperdon.  25  feet. 


GENERAL  GEOLOGY. 


237 


No.  2  seems  to  be  the  equiva- 
lent of  the  Galena  limestone  of 
Iowa,  containing  many  of  the  same 
species  of  fossils,  and  especially  of 
Receptaculites.  Some  specimens 
of  lead  have  been  found  in  this 
limestone  in  Lincoln  County, 
though  insignificant  in  quantity. 
(See  next  Chapter.) 

In  Sec.  10,  T.  50,  R.  i,W.,  this 
limestone  is  well  exposed  near  the 
line  of  fault  which  traverses  the 
county.  At  this  point  Fort  Spring 


238  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

Branch  has  cut  through  the  upturned  strata  nearly  at  right  angles 
to  the  strike,  showing  in  the  bluff  the  position  of  the  beds.  A 
section  of  this  is  given  in  Fig.  68. 

A  species  of  Receptaculites  is  found  abundantly  in  these  upper 
beds,  together  with  Strophomena  alternata  and  Orthis  testudinaria. 
These  layers  are  from  six  inches  to  four  feet  in  thickness,  the  thin- 
ner being  of  a  light-gray  color,  and  the  thicker  beds  generally  a 
white,  closely  crystalline,  magnesian  limestone. 

In  the  eastern  part  of  the  county,  from  Hurricane  Creek  to  Little 
Bill's  Branch,  near  the  middle  of  T.  51,  R.  2,  E.,  the  Upper  Tren- 
ton is  the  surface  formation.  A  previous  section  shows  the  posi- 
tion of  these  beds  in  the  bluffs  of  the  Mississippi,  over  the  Lower 
Trenton,  and  the  following  section  (see  Fig.  69),  taken  in  Sec.  24,  T. 
50,  R.  i ,  E. ,  shows  the  relation  to  the  overlying  Hudson  River  shales. 

No.  4 — Covered  slope. 

3 — Light-brown  and  yellow  shales. 

2 — White  crystalline  magnesian  limestone,  in  layers  from  six 
inches  to  four  feet  in  thickness,  with  Receptaculites. 

i — Light  bluish-gray,  fine  crystalline,  shelly  limestone,  with 
Receptaculites,  Strophomena  alternata,  and  Orthis  testudinaria. 

Lower  down  Sandy  Creek  the  coarse,  crystalline,  fossiliferous  beds 
are  exposed.  They  are  of  light-gray  or  yellowish-white  color,  the 
upper  layers  quite  thin,  but  the  lower  in  thick  masses,  weathering, 
where  exposed,  to  a  rough  and  irregular  surface,  more  or  less  soft 
and  crumbling.  To  distinguish  from  the  upper  or  Receptaculite 
beds,  these  might  well  be  called  the  Strophomena  beds,  from  the 
immense  numbers  of  this  genus  occurring  in  them. 

On  Bryant's  Creek,  these  Upper  Trenton  beds  appear  at  Diggs's 
Mill  in  the  bed  of  the  stream.  Rising  rapidly  toward  the  west, 
they  form  the  surface-rock  in  Sees.  12,  13  and  14  of  T.  51,  R.  I,  E., 
and  sweeping  off  to  the  south  appear  in  the  high  ridges  between 
New  Hope  and  the  creek.  North  of  the  creek  also  they  appear  in 
the  higher  hills. 

In  the  extreme  north-western  township  of  the  county  the  same  beds 
may  be  seen  cropping  out  along  the  bed  of  a  small  branch  which 
flows  south-east  into  the  Sulphur  Fork  of  Cuivre.  It  is  a  light- 
gray,  subcrystalline  magnesian  limestone,  in  layers  varying  from 
three  inches  to  two  feet  in  thickness,  and  has  a  dip  of  about  10°  to 
the  south-west.  Higher  up  the  slope  of  the  hills  the  Hudson  group 


GENERAL  GEOLOGY. 


239 


UJ 


l-^  ~i 


Oner. 


35 


appears  in  several  places  where  the  cover- 
ing had  been  washed  away,  and  in  the 
tops  of  the  hills  the  Chouteau  limestone 
is  exposed. 

The  Hudson  River  Group — As  occur- 
ring in  Lincoln  County,  this  formation  con- 
sists of — 

ist.  Impure,  magnesian  limestone,  of 
a  dull  blue,  drab  or  buff  color,  generally 
in  layers  from  three  to  six  inches  thick, 
and  with  a  number  of  fossils,  of  which  we 
recognized  fragments  of  Isotelus  gigas,  a 
species  ofDalmanta,  Q{Rhyndionella,Stro- 
pJiomcna  alternata  and  Leptcena  sericea. 

2d.  Blue  and  olive  -  colored  argillo- 
calcareous  shales,  which,  on  exposure, 
weather  to  a  light-buff  color,  affording  no 
fossils. 

These  beds  are  found  overlying  the 
Upper  Trenton,  in  the  high  knobs  in  the 
north-east  part  of  the  county,  and  in  the 
ridges  and  hills  south  of  Gwin's  Creek, 
along  the  Pike  County  line,  also  in  many 
places  along  the  line  of  uplift,  cropping  out 
from  beneath  the  Devonian  formations. 

A  section  (Fig.  70)  taken  on  the  north 
side  of  the  Knob,  south  of  New  Hope,  shows 
the  position  and  character  of  the  formation. 

No.  6 — Covered  slope. 

5 — Dark-brown   and  drab,  argillaceous 
limestone  in  thin  beds,  with  partings  of  soft  — 
shales  containing  a  few  specimens  of  Atrypa  reticularis. 

4 — Fine,  hard,  white  oolitic  limestone,  weathering  to  brown  or  red 
color,  containing  Zaphrentis  cornicula  in  abundance. 

3— Argillaceous  limestone  in  thin  layers,  of  a  dull,  bluish-drab 
color,  containing  Dalmania,  Leptcena  sericea,  Strophomena  alter- 
nata, and  a  Modiolopsis. 

2— Light-olive  colored  argillo-calcareous  shales,  weathering  light- 
buff  color. 


240  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

No.  I — Light-blue  subcrystalline  limestone,  with  Trenton  fossils. 

On  Sandy  Creek,  in  Sec.  21,  T.  50,'  R.  I,  E.,  Nos.  2  and  3  of 
the  above  section  appear  in  the  high  hills  overlying  the  Receptacu- 
lite  beds  of  the  Upper  Trenton — No.  2  twenty-five  and  No.  3 
about  thirty  feet  thick. 

Near  Snowhill,  in  the  west  bank  of  Bob's  Creek,  the  lower  buff- 
colored  shales  appear,  and  maybe  traced  for  a  mile  and  a  half  up  the 
creek,  which  here  flows  along  the  line  of  uplift.  The  dip,  as  observed 
in  the  beds  of  shale,  is  about  10°  S.  70°  W.  while  that  of  the 
Trenton  in  the  bed  of  the  creek  is  23°  to  25°  in  the  same  direction. 
As  the  line  of  uplift  sweeps  off  to  the  west  in  Sec.  22,  T.  50,  R.  I, 
E.,  these  beds  of  shale  disappear  in  the  low  covered  slopes,  and  be- 
yond, where  it  crosses  Sugar  Creek,  the  Chouteau  limestone  is 
found  replacing  the  Hudson  group  altogether. 

In  T.  51,  R.  2,  W.,  Sec.  21,  the  Hudson  makes  its  appearance  in 
the  bottom  of  Sulphur  Fork.  From  the  mouth  of  the  Fork  on 
Cuivre  River,  the  Encrinital  limestone  in  the  bluffs  and  the  Chou- 
teau and  Hamilton  beds,  in  succession,  rise  rapidly  toward  the 
north  at  a  gradually  increasing  angle,  soon  followed  by  the  Hudson, 
which  has  a  dip  of  1 5°,  and  rests  upon  the  Upper  Trenton.  The  upper 
member  of  the  group,  the  argillaceous  limestone,  has  a  thickness  of 
about  twenty-two  feet,  and  affords  fragments  of  Isotelus  and  Dai- 
mania,  a  species  of  Avicula  with  Strophomena  alternata  and  Lep- 
tczna  sericea  in  abundance.  The  yellow  argillaceous  and  calcareous 
shales  are  twenty-five  feet  in  thickness. 

From  Sulphur  Fork  these  beds  are  found  in  the  small  branches 
toward  the  east,  cropping  out  at  intervals  where  the  covering  of 
soil  has  been  washed  away.  West  of  the  fork  it  is  also  seen  in  the 
gently  sloping  hills,  as  far  as  the  middle  of  Sec.  7,  and  beyond  this 
no  outcrop  of  it  was  observed  to  the  western  limit  of  the  county. 

In  T.  51,  R.  2,  E.,  a  few  of  the  higher  hills  and  knobs  contain  the 
Hudson  group,  presenting  some  slight  lithological  differences.  At 
Gay's  Hill,  a  small  isolated  knob  in  Sec.  19,  there  occurs  near  the 
top,  and  beneath  the  well-marked  Onondaga  limestone,  a  light,  buff- 
colored,  earthy  magnesian  limestone,  in  beds  from  six  inches  to  two 
feet  in  thickness.  No  fossils  could  be  obtained  from  this  limestone, 
but  in  the  underlying  light-drab,  thin-bedded  limestone,  the  usual 
Hudson  fossils  occur.  From  its  stratigraphical  position  it  would 
appear  to  be  the  upper  part  of  the  Hudson,  the  equivalent  of  the 


GENERAL  GEOLOGY. 


241 


light-blue  and  drab,  argillaceous  limestone  in  other  localities.  The 
accompanying  section  (Fig.  71)  at  this  point  shows  the  relation  of 
the  various  strata : — 

Fig.  71. 


LEVEL     OF.   L'lTTLC.    BILLS    BRANCH 

No.  6— Covered  top  of  hill. 

5 — White  and  gray,  oolitic  limestone,  weathering  to  reddish 
brown,  with  Zaphrentis  cornicula,  Atrypa  reticularis,  Strophomena 
rugosa,  and  a  species  of  Pentamerus. 

4 — Light  buff-colored,  earthy,  magnesian  limestone,  in  beds  six 
inches  to  two  feet  in  thickness  ;  no  fossils. 

3 — Light-drab,  compact,  thin-bedded,  argillaceous  limestone,  with 

characteristic  Hudson  fossils,  as  given  before. 
16 


242  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

No.  2 — Brown  and  yellow  argillo-calcareous  shales,  of  a  bluish- 
gray  and  olive  color,  where  not  exposed  to  weather. 

i — Receptaculite  beds  of  the  Upper  Trenton. 

No.  4  occurs  in  the  hills  to  the  south  of  Gay's  Hill. 

No.  5  is  represented  in  some  places  by  a  fine,  white,  fossiliferous 
sandstone. 

A  light,  bluish  gray,  very  dense  limestone  crops  out  in  the  low 
hills  near  Bryant's  Creek  and  the  Mississippi  bluffs,  which  may  be 
referred  to  the  upper  member  of  the  Hudson  group.  It  contains 
fragments  of  Isotelus  in  great  abundance,  together  with  Stropho- 
mena  alternata,  and  a  species  of  Avicula.  These  fossils  are  stained 
a  rich  red  color,  giving  a  peculiar  contrast  with  the  soft  gray  of  the 
limestone.  Below  this  limestone,  of  which  only  two  to  three  feet 
appear  in  the  well-covered  slopes,  the  light  buff-colored  argillo-cal- 
careous shales  crop  out  along  the  banks  of  the  creek,  dipping  at  a 
slight  angle  to  the  north-east. 


THE   ONONDAGA   LIMESTONE. 

In  the  high  ridges  and  isolated  knobs  of  the  north-eastern 
part  of  the  county,  there  is  an  exposure  of  two  to  six  feet  of  hard, 
fine,  oolitic  limestone  of  light-gray  color,  sometimes  white,  and 
weathering  to  a  brown  or  reddish  shade,  with  darker  specks  scat- 
tered through  the  mass.  This  has  been  referred  to  the  Onondaga 
limestone,  from  its  lithological  resemblance  to  the  oolitic  limestone  of 
that  formation,  described  as  occurring  in  the  north-eastern  counties 
of  the  State,  and  also  from  the  marked  character  of  the  fossil  forms 
contained  in  it.  Its  stratigraphical  position  is  between  the  ar- 
gillaceous limestone  of  the  Hudson  group  and  the  brown  and 
-olive-colored  shales  and  shaly  limestone  of  the  Hamilton. 

The  fossils  are  very  abundant,  and  beautifully  preserved,  the  fol- 
ilowing  being  the  most  characteristic  genera  and  species  :  Zapkren- 
,tis  cornicula,  CyatJiophyllum  rugosum,  Atrypa  reticularis,  Stropho- 
.mena  rugosa,  Chonetes  hemispherica,  and  a  Pentamerus. 

At  Guy's  Hill,  part  of  this  oolitic  limestone  is  replaced  by  a  fine- 
-grained sandstone  containing  Atrypa  reticularis,  a  species  of  Spiri- 
fer  and  a  Pentamerus,  and  the  coral  Cyatkophyllum  rugosum  in  great 
abundance.  This  sandstone  seems  to  be  somewhat  calcareous, 


GENERAL  GEOLOGY. 


243 


Fig.  72. 


cw 

Z 


UJ 


weathering  and  crumbling  readily,  and  exhibiting  stains  of  oxide 
of  iron.  The  hill  above  named  was  the  only  point  where  this 
change  in  the  character  of  the  formation  was  observed.  The  great- 
est thickness  of  the  limestone  is  six  feet,  exposed  in  the  knob  south 
of  New  Hope,  and  overlying  the  Hudson  group.  It  thins  out 
toward  the  south  and  east,  in  the  knobs  at  Gallows  Gap,  a  thick- 
ness of  two  feet  only  appearing,  but  presenting  the  same  characters 
as  described  above.  Further  south  it  does  not  appear  in  the  hills 
and  ridges,  they  not  being  high  enough  to  take  in  the  Devonian. 

The  Hamilton  Group.— This  group  is  represented  in  Lincoln 
County,  at  many  points  along  the  line  of  uplift  which  traverses  the 
county,  in  the  high  knobs  of  the  north-east,  and  at  the  base  of  the 
Mississippi  bluffs,  near  Bryant's  Creek.  At  the  latter  point  there 
occur  a  series  of  bluish-green  and  black  shales  and  slates,  which, 
from  the  presence  of  some  characteristic 
fossils,  would  seem  to  belong  to  the  upper 
part  of  the  Hamilton  group.  As,  for  in- 
stance, the  Lingula  spatulata,  which,  ac- 
cording to  Prof.  Hall,  is  limited  to  the 
Genesee  slate,  appears  in  immense  num- 
bers in  this  black  slate.  The  latter  appears 
at  intervals  in  the  base  of  the  bluffs  from 
five  to  eight  feet  in  thickness,  and  overlaid 
by  olive-green  argillaceous  shales  ;  and  still 
higher  up  come  the  sandy  and  argillaceous 
shales  referred  with  hesitation  to  the  Ver- 
micular group.  The  slopes  are  so  much 
covered  by  detritus  that  no  good  section 
can  be  obtained  here.  On  a  small  branch, 
however,  which  flows  into  Bryant's  Creek 
from  the  south,  the  following  section  (Fig. 
72)  was  taken  : — 

No.  6 — Covered  slope. 

5 — Buff-colored,  argillo-magnesian  lime- 
stone. 

4 — Thin-bedded,  irregularly  stratified, 
sandy  and  argillaceous  shaly  limestone 
with  oolitic  beds  interstratified. 

3 — Greenish-blue  and  brown  shales. 


244  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

No.  2 — Black  slate,  with  Lingula  spatulata. 

i — Bluish-gray,  argillaceous,  shaly  limestone,  containing  a  few 
specimens  of  Atrypa  reticularis  and  a  species  of  Conularia. 

In  no  other  locality  in  the  county  were  Nos.  2  and  3  observed. 
The  whole  Devonian,  indeed,  as  it  occurs  in  this  isolated  area, 
presents  marked  lithological  differences  from  its  equivalent  in  the 
knobs  and  ridges  farther  south,  where  the  following  section  oc- 
curs : — 

No.  5 — Near  the  top  of  the  hill  a  gray,  crystalline  limestone, 
containing  several  species  of  Spirifer,  Atrypa  grcgarea,  Stropho- 
mcna  depressa,  and  a  species  of  Avicula.  13  feet. 

4 — Hard,  dense,  bluish-gray,  thin-bedded  limestone,  with  few 
fossils.  Stropliomcna  dcpressa.  18  feet. 

3 — Dark-brown  and  drab,  impure  limestone,  with  thin  partings 
of  clay  shale,  containing  Atrypa  reticularis.  1 1  feet. 

2 — Argillaceous,  brown  and  drab  shales.    12  feet. 

i — Fine,  hard,  white,  oolitic  limestone,  weathering  to  brown  and 
red  color,  with  Zaphrentis  cornicula,  Atrypa  reticularis  and  frag- 
ments of  Crinoid  stems. 

In  Sec.  13,  T.  50,  R.  i,  E.,the  Nos.  2  and  3  appear  near  the  top 
of  the  knob,  beneath  the  Chouteau  limestone  and  over  the  Onon- 
daga,  as  in  the  above  section.  The  high  ridge  in  Sec.  14  is 
capped  by  the  Onondaga  limestone,  while,  to  the  east  in  the  next 
township,  the  Hamilton  again  appears  cropping  out  of  the  knobs  at 
Yellow  Gap,  with  a  total  thickness  of  about  twenty-five  feet. 

Along  the  line  of  fault  through  the  county  the  Hamilton  beds 
were  recognized  at  many  points,  but  owing  to  the  scarcity  of  good 
exposures,  except  at  the  crossing  of  the  main  streams,  few  extended 
sections  could  be  obtained. 

East  of  Bob's  Creek,  near  Snow  Hill,  the  thin-bedded  blue  and 
drab  argillaceous  limestone  (No.  3  of  the  section  last  given)  forms  the 
base  of  the  bluffs,  the  coarse  crystalline  beds  of  the  Chouteau  form  the 
top  of  the  ridge,  with  an  interval  of  20  feet  of  covered  slope  between. 
North-west  of  Snow  Hill  the  limestone  appears  in  the  ravines,  which 
cut  into  the  easy-sloping  hills,  and  beyond  it  forms  the  bluffs  on 
Sugar  Creek,  dipping  under  the  Chouteau  limestone.  At  the  cross- 
ing of  Fort  Spring  Branch,  by  the  uplift,  the  Hamilton  beds  are 
seen  rising  rapidly  in  the  bluffs  toward  the  north-east,  exposing  a 
thickness  of  about  twenty  feet.  North  from  this  point,  along  the 


GENERAL  GEOLOGY.  24$ 

uplift,  they  crop  out  occasionally  in  the  dividing  ridge  between 
Fort  Spring  Branch  and  Mill  Creek.  On  the  latter  stream,  in  Sec. 
32  of  T.  51,  R.  i.  W. ,  the  following  beds  occur  :  — 

Thin-bedded,  gray  and  drab  limestone,  with  a  few  specimens 
of  Atrypa  rcticularis,  and  a  Spirifer  resembling  S.  mcdialis. 
6  feet. 

Olive-green  and  blue  argillaceous  shales,  containing  a  species  of 
Hcliophyllum.  18  feet. 

In  T.  51,  R.  2,  W.,  these  beds  crop  out  at  several  points  on  the 
northern  slope  of  the  high  land  in  Sees.  23  and  24,  and  on  Sulphur 
Fork,  in  Sec.  22,  it  forms,  in  part,  the  bluffs,  with  an  exposure  of 
nearly  thirty  feet,  of  which  the  upper  twelve  feet  consist  of  a  thin- 
bedded  blue  limestone.  West  of  this,  the  limestone  appears  in  the 
gentle  slopes  south  of  Sulphur  Fork.  It  weathers  less  readily  than 
the  shales  below,  and  often  stands  out  in  relief  on  the  slopes,  while 
the  presence  of  the  shales  is  marked  by  the  easy  slopes  and  wet 
clay-soil.  Skirting  along  the  north  side  of  the  ridges,  the  forma- 
tion passes  out  of  the  county  at  Louisville,  cropping  out  in  the 
banks  of  Indian  Creek,  and  rising  gradually  toward  the  north  from 
beneath  the  Chouteau  limestone. 

Very  few  fossils  occur  in  any  part  of  this  formation.  Most  of 
them,  however,  are  characteristic  Hamilton  species,  and,  with  its 
lithological  resemblance  to  beds  referred  to  this  group,  in  other 
parts  of  Missouri,  serve  to  mark  its  geological  position. 

Vermicular  Shales  and.  Sandstones — This  group  appears  in 
Lincoln  County  at  several  points,  and  generally  consists  of  a  thin- 
bedded,  argillaceous  sandstone,  more  or  less  filled  with  vermicular 
cavities  on  the  weathered  surface  ;  and  of  argillaceous  shales  with 
thin  layers  of  limestone  interstratified. 

Near  the  Mississippi  bluffs,  south  of  Bryant's  Creek,  these  beds 
occur  to  a  thickness  of  twenty-five  feet,  and  the  following  section, 
taken  at  that  point,  shows  the  character  of  the  beds  and  their  rela- 
tion to  the  adjacent  formations. 

No.  II — Thin-bedded,  buff-colored  limestone,  containing  Spiri- 
fer, Productus,  and  an  Avicula.  15  feet. 

10— Thin,  shaly  sandstone,  with  a  few  fucoidal  markings.  8 
feet. 

9 — The  same  as  above,  but  more  argillaceous.     5  feet. 

8 — Oolitic  limestone,  dark  gray.     2^  feet. 


246  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

No.  7 — Dark-brown,  impure  shales,  with  fucoidal  markings  in 
great  abundance.  6  feet. 

6 — Impure  oolitic  limestone,  somewhat  arenaceous  and  contain- 
ing iron  pyrites.  7  inches. 

5 — Dark-brown,  argillaceous  shales.     I  foot. 

4 — Oolitic  limestone,  same  as  No.  6.     5  inches. 

3 — Greenish-gray,  argillaceous  shales,  with  fucoids.     2  feet. 

2 — Blue  and  drab  arenaceous  shales.      10  feet. 

i — Black  slate,  with  Lingula  spalulata.    7  feet. 

These  beds  are  seen  cropping  out  at  intervals  in  the  base  of  the 
bluffs  beneath  the  buff-colored  Chouteau  limestone,  but  they  can- 
not be  traced  for  any  great  distance. 

The  next  outcrop  of  the  Vermicular  group  appears  in  the  bluffs 
where  the  line  of  fault  intersects.  As  will  be  seen  by  reference  to 
the  section,  along  the  bluffs,  the  shales  and  sandstone  of  this  forma- 
tion rest  unconformably  against  the  Saccharoidal  sandstone  and  ist 
Magnesian  limestone  at  an  angle  of  about  35°,  while  on  the  south  side 
of  the  small  branch  the  Chouteau  and  Encrinital  limestones  dip  at  an 
angle  of  70°  to  80°.  The  lower  part  of  the  formation  consists  of 
twenty-one  feet  of  drab  and  bluish-gray  argillaceous  shales,  containing 
concretions  of  pyrites  and  argillaceous  iron-ore  and  fucoid  stems 
in  great  abundance,  with  a  few  specimens  of  Cauda  galli.  Above 
these  shales  there  is  a  thickness  of  about  twenty-eight  feet  of  ar- 
gillaceous sandstone,  with  the  characteristic  vermicular  cavities  on 
the  weathered  surface,  interstratified  with  which  occur  beds  of  are- 
naceous shale  and  of  purer  granular  sandstone.  These  beds  ap- 
pear at  intervals  in  the  covered  slope,  though  not  sufficiently  well 
exposed  to  afford  a  detailed  section,  and  along  the  branch  to  the  south 
they  may  be  traced  for  several  hundred  yards,  but  are  soon  lost 
sight  of  in  the  hills,  where  the  branch  bends  to  the  south. 

On  the  upper  part  of  McLean's  Creek  these  beds  appear  again, 
and  seem  to  have  been  continuous  in  their  outcrop  from  the  bluffs, 
though  the  dip  is  considerably  less.  In  T.  50,  R.  I,  E.,  near  the  head 
of  Bob's  Creek,  these  beds  crop  out  of  the  hillside  on  the  west  side  of 
the  creek.  The  thickness  of  the  sandstone  is  not  more  than  twenty 
feet,  and  is  more  uniform  than  as  seen  in  the  bluffs,  being  a  dull-brown, 
fine-grained  argillaceous  sandstone,  in  beds  from  ten  to  thirty  inches 
thick.  The  Chouteau  forms  the  summit  of  the  ridges  at  this  point. 
Following  the  line  of  fault,  this  formation  appears  in  the  slopes 


GENERAL  GEOLOGY.  247 

where  the  rocks  are  laid  bare,  and  may  be  traced  as  far  as  Fort 
Spring  Branch,  from  which  place  to  Sulphur  Fork  it  does  not  ap- 
pear ;  but  from  the  latter  stream  to  the  county  line  it  was  recognized 
at  many  points,  the  shales  of  the  lower  part  affording  easy  slopes 
and  wet  clay-soil,  and  contrasting  with  the  sharper  outline  of  the 
upper  beds. 

The  Chouteau  Limestone. — This  formation  occupies  an  import- 
ant position  in  the  county,  appearing  at  the  summits  of  several 
knobs  in  the  north-east,  and  also  along  the  line  of  fault  from  the 
bluffs  of  the  Mississippi,  near  Cap  au  Gres,  to  the  north-western  limit 
of  the  county  at  Louisville.  Three  beds  of  limestone  have  been 
referred  to  this  formation,  the  lowest,  however,  with  some  hesita- 
tion, from  its  resemblance  lithologically  to  the  underlying  Hamilton, 
and  from  the  scarcity  of  distinguishing  fossils.  Such  as  were  ob- 
tained in  the  lowest  member  were  quite  common  to  the  upper  bed, 
and  it  is  therefore  classed  with  them. 

These  beds  consist  of,  1st.  A  coarse,  crystalline,  somewhat 
earthy  limestone,  changing  occasionally  to  a  light-brown,  saccha- 
roidal  limestone,  in  which  occur  a  species  of  Productus,  a  Spirifer, 
probably  5.  Marionensis,  Chonetes  ornata,  and  a  few  Crinoid  stems. 

2d.  A  dark,  bluish-gray,  compact,  thick-bedded,  silicious  lime- 
stone, with  occasional  geodes  and  cavities  filled  with  crystals  of  cal- 
cite  ;  contains  very  few  fossils — the  Productus  mentioned  above, 
with  Chonetes  ornata  and  an  Avicula. 

3d.  A  thin-bedded,  drab  and  bluish,  compact,  brittle  limestone, 
with  a  few  scattered  masses  of  calcite. 

In  the  north-western  part  of  T.  51,  R.  2,  E.,  the  second  member 
caps  the  bluffs  and  ridges  between  Bryant's  Creek  and  Little  Bill's 
Branch.  It  is  here  of  a  dull,  yellowish-brown  color,  and  where  ex- 
posed in  the  Mississippi  bluffs,  of  a  buff  color.  The  layers  are  from 
ten  inches  to  three  feet  thick,  and  the  whole  thickness  twenty-three 
feet.  Beneath  this  limestone  twenty-eight  feet  of  thin-bedded,  light, 
buff-colored  limestones  appear,  and  below  this  the  sandy  and  argil- 
laceous shales,  which  probably  represent  the  Vermicular  group. 

As  already  mentioned,  the  strata  at  this  point  rise  quite  rapidly 
toward  the  north  and  west ;  the  upper  beds  of  the  Chouteau  giving 
out  in  the  tops  of  the  hills  and  ridges,  about  a  mile  west  of  the 
bluffs.  The  yellowish  or  buff-colored  beds  appear  along  the  bluffs 
to  the  south,  as  far  as  Little  Bill's  Branch,  where,  owing  to  a  fault, 


248  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

the  upper  beds  of  the  Trenton  are  found  resting  against  them.  In 
the  top  of  the  highest  ridges  the  first  member  of  the  Chouteau  ap- 
pears, about  six  feet  in  thickness,  overlying  the  thick,  buff-colored 
beds.  It  is  a  coarse,  white  or  yellowish-gray,  crystalline  limestone, 
containing  Spirifer  Marioncnsis  ?  Clionctcs  ornata,  and  a  species  of 
Mytilus,  also  of  Productus, 

In  the  three  knobs  south  of  New  Hope,  the  three  members  of 
the  Chouteau  are  exposed.  The  top  of  the  most  northerly  knob 
is  capped  by  the  coarse  crystalline  limestone,  eleven  feet  thick,  the 
lower  part  of  which  passes  into  a  light-brown,  fine  crystalline  lime- 
stone. Nodules  of  chert  appear  occasionally  in  this  bed,  of  a  dull 
red  color.  In  Sec.  13  this  crystalline,  heavy-bedded  limestone  also 
occurs,  cropping  out  from  beneath  the  covered  top,  and  exposing  a 
thickness  of  eight  feet,  the  lower  five  feet  finer  grained  and  darker 
in  color.  The  knob  in  Sec.  12  is  not  high  enough  to  take  in  the  first 
member,  and  the  second  forms  the  surface-rock  at  the  summit.  The 
latter  differs  considerably  in  lithological  characters  from  its  equiva- 
lent in  the  bluffs,  being  here  a  compact,  thick-bedded,  silico-mag- 
nesian  limestone  of  a  drab  color.  The  greatest  thickness  observed 
was  twenty-one  feet.  Very  few  fossils  occur.  Productus,  Avicula 
and  an  OrtJiis  like  O.  Michclini  were  recognized. 

Below  this,  the  third  member  appears — a  thin-bedded,  shaly  lime- 
stone, from  eighteen  to  twenty-five  feet  thick.  This  limestone  is  of 
a  bluish-gray  or  drab  color,  very  hard  and  compact,  and  contains 
Productus,  StropJiomena  rugosa,  an  Avicula,  and  a  trilobite  of  the 
genus  Phillipsia,  together  with  some  indistinct  specimens  of  Cauda 
galli. 

On  the  North  Fork  of  Cuivre  River,  where  it  enters  the  county, 
in  the  north-west  quarter  of  Sec.  30,  T.  51,  R.  2,  W.,  the  Chouteau 
limestone  appears  in  the  bluffs  underlying  the  Encrinital,  and  con- 
sists of—- 
No. 3 — Coarse,  crystalline,  white  limestone.  6  feet. 

2 — Fine,  crystalline,  light-drab,  earthy  limestone,  weathering  to 
a  buff-color.  10  feet. 

i — Thin-bedded,  compact,  shaly  limestone.      12  feet. 

The  upper  bed  was  not  fully  exposed,  owing  to  the  covering  of 
the  slope. 

The  Encrinital  occupies  the  upper  part  of  the  bluffs,  which  are 
quite  high,  while  the  Chouteau  forms  the  lower  part.  A  gentle  dip 


GENERAL  GEOLOGY.  249 

-toward  the  south-east  causes  the  latter  to  disappear  near  the  sec- 
tion-line, between  29  and  30.  Reappearing  in  Sec.  28,  it  rises 
rapidly  toward  the  north,  along  Sulphur  Fork,  and  within  half  a 
mile  reaches  the  tops  of  the  hills  and  ridges.  Following  down 
the  Cuivre,  it  gives  way  to  the  Encrinital,  owing  to  a  great  bend 
toward  the  south  and  beyond.  A  northerly  sweep  brings  it  to  the 
surface  for  half  a  mile,  but  it  is  confined  to  the  bed  of  the  Fork  and 
lower  part  of  the  bluffs,  exposing  a  thickness  of  about  seven  feet. 

In  T.  50,  R.  i,  W.,  it  appears  again  on  North  Cuivre  and  Wilson's 
Creek,  and  is  well  exposed  in  the  "  Big  Cut "  of  the  St.  L.  and  K. 
R.  R.  About  three  feet  of  the  upper  coarse  beds  occur  here, 
changing  rapidly  into  the  thick-bedded,  nearly  compact  silicious 
magnesian  limestone  of  the  second  member,  observed  elsewhere. 
The  thickness  of  this  is  eighteen  feet,  and  is  succeeded  by  the  thin 
shaly  beds  in  the  bottom  of  Wilson's  Creek,  and  the  small  branches 
which  enter  the  Cuivre  from  the  north-east. 

In  the  next  township,  on  the  east,  these  beds  crop  out  at  intervals 
in  the  hills  on  both  sides  of  the  Sugar  Creek,  dipping  at  an  angle  of 
1 2°  to  15°  to  the  south-west,  and  along  the  line  of  fault  toward  Snow 
Hill,  are  seen  in  an  occasional  outcrop  on  the  covered  slopes.  Near 
the  above  village  the  lower  beds  form  the  main  bluffs,  and  incline 
slightly  to  the  south-west,  the  Encrinital  capping  the  ridges  beyond. 

In  T.  49,  R.  2,  E.,  the  Chouteau  beds  may  be  traced  from  the 
north-eastern  corner  in  a  direction  a  little  south  of  east  to  the  Mis- 
sissippi bluffs.  There  are  no  good  exposures,  however,  except  in 
the  second  branch,  which  cuts  through  the  bluffs  north  of  McLane's 
Creek,  where  the  following  beds  appear : — 

Thick-bedded,  bluish  gray,  earthy  limestone,  weathering  to  a 
lighter  color,  and  containing  disseminated  masses  of  calcite.  15  feet. 

Dark  drab,  thin-bedded,  shaly  limestone,  irregularly  stratified, 
containing  Fenestella,  Chonetes,  an  Avicula  like  A.  Cooperensis,  and 
Cattda  galli.  1 1  feet. 

The  dip  is  65°  to  70°  S.  40°  W. 

In  the  face  of  the  Mississippi  bluffs  the  lowest  member  does  not 
appear,  and  the  group  is  represented  by  fifteen  feet  of  coarse,  gray 
and  light-brown  limestones,  succeeded  by  twenty-five  feet  of  dull- 
yellow  earthy  limestone  in  beds  from  one  to  three  feet  thick,  but 
very  much  broken  and  jointed.  Crystals  of  calcite  occur  in  cavities 
in  this  limestone,  and  occasional  nodules  of  chert.  The  whole  for- 


250  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

mation  dips  conformably  with  the  Encrinital  limestone,  at  an  angle 
of  about  80°  S.  40°  W.  A  break  in  the  bluffs  on  the  north  side  of 
this  outcrop  conceals  the  nature  and  position  of  the  beds  for  a 
distance  of  two  hundred  feet,  and  on  the  other  side  of  the  branch 
the  Vermicular  sandstone  and  shales  appear,  rising  toward  the  north- 
east. 

The  second  member  of  the  Chouteau  limestone,  as  it  occurs  at 
this  point,  has  very  much  the  same  lithological  characters  as  in  the 
north-eastern  part  of  the  county,  in  the  bluffs  south  of  Bryant's 
Creek — a  dull-yellow  and  buff-colored  earthy  limestone,  quite 
different  in  appearance  from  the  darker  and  more  compact  beds  in 
the  interior  of  the  county.  This  difference  seems  to  be  due  to  the 
manner  in  which  the  beds  are  exposed  to  the  weather,  as  well  as  to 
a  different  chemical  constitution,  rendering  some  of  them  more 
susceptible  to  such  influences  as  oxidation  and  hydration.  In  some 
cases,  where  the  lighter  color  appears  on  the  exposed  surface,  a 
fresh  fracture  reveals  something  of  the  dark  color  and  compactness 
usual  to  these  beds  in  other  localities. 

In  Sec.  15,  T.  49,  R.  I,  W.,  the  upper  beds  of  the  Chouteau 
appear  in  the  bottom  of  the  Cuivre  River,  cropping  out  from  be- 
neath the  Encrinital  limestone,  which  has  here  a  strong  local  dip 
to  the  south-east. 

THE   ENCRINITAL   LIMESTONE. 

This  member  of  the  Subcarboniferous  series  occupies  a  very  con- 
spicuous place  in  the  geology  of  Lincoln  County,  having  a  total 
thickness  of  nearly  two  hundred  feet,  and  forming  the  surface-rock 
over  a  very  large  part  of  the  southern  and  south-western  half  of  the 
county. 

It  first  appears  on  the  east  side  of  the  county,  in  the  Mississippi 
bluffs,  at  the  great  fault  where  its  strata,  with  a  thickness  of  over 
a  hundred  and  fifty  feet,  are  upturned  at  an  angle  of  70°  to  80°, 
and  this  is  the  only  exposure  of  the  formation  along  the  entire  line 
of  bluff. 

South  of  the  line  of  fault,  and  beyond  its  immediate  influence, 
there  is  a  slight  dip  in  the  strata  to  the  north-east,  which  is  percep- 
tible also  as  far  west  as  the  Cuivre  River.  This  dip  brings  the  En- 
crinital limestone  to  the  surface  again,  from  beneath  the  overlying 


GENERAL  GEOLOGY.  2ci 

formations  in  T.  48  and  49,  R.  I,  E.  ;  and  from  there  it  forms  the 
surface-rock  as  far  west  as  Warren  County. 

North  of  Moscow  it  appears  in  the  bold  perpendicular  bluffs 
along  the  Cuivre,  a  coarse,  gray,  thin-bedded,  crystalline  limestone, 
with  lenticular  nodules  and  thin  layers  of  chert  near  the  top,  suc- 
ceeded by  heavy  beds  of  gray  and  buff-colored  crystalline  limestone, 
some  of  the  beds  composed  entirely  of  fragments  and  joints  of  cri- 
noid  stems  cemented  together  with  carbonate  of  lime.  These  lower 
beds,  where  exposed  to  the  weather  in  the  bluffs,  become  soft  and 
crumbling,  forming  irregular  holes  and  often  large  caves,  and  stain- 
ing the  surrounding  soil  with  oxide  of  iron.  Of  fossils,  the  most 
abundant  are  Spirifer  striatiis,  a  Productits,  and  Orthis  Michelini, 
with  a  large  number  of  Crinoids.  Much  of  the  chert  contains  very 
perfect  impressions  of  some  of  these  fossils,  particularly  the  crinoids. 
In  many  cases  the  internal  structure,  with  all  its  delicate  markings, 
is  fully  retained. 

At  Frenchman's  Bluff  there  is  a  fine  exposure  of  these  beds,  dip- 
ping at  an  angle  of  about  10°  to  the  south-east.  About  sixty  feet 
of  them  form  the  escarpment  on  the  south  side  of  the  river,  and  by 
the  gradual  rise  up  the  river  the  lower  brown  and  earthy  beds  soon 
appear.  These  consist  of  dull-yellow  and  brown  limestones  in  lay- 
ers from  one  to  three  feet  thick,  with  transparent  crystals  of  calcite 
scattered  through  the  mass,  and  containing  a  few  fossils,  of  which 
Spirifer  striatus  and  Crinoids -axo.  the  most  common.  Further  up  the 
river  the  heavy-bedded,  dark-blue  and  drab,  compact  limestone  of 
the  Chouteau  group  is  exposed,  with  a  thickness  of  over  twenty  feet 
beneath  the  Encrinital  limestone.  To  the  east  of  this,  along  the 
river,  a  very  slight  dip  in  the  contrary  direction  is  observed,  and  the 
Chouteau  limestone  soon  passes  out  of  sight.  On  the  North  Fork 
of  the  Cuivre,  as  far  as  the  middle  of  T.  50,  R.  I,  W.  at  Wilson's 
Creek,  the  Encrinital  forms  the  high  bluffs  and  hills.  At  that 
place  the  Chouteau  again  appears,  owing  to  the  rise  in  the  strata  in 
approaching  the  line  of  fault. 

Following  along  the  West  Fork  of  the  Cuivre,  the  bluffs  are  high 
and  bold,  made  up  of  the  middle  beds  of  the  Encrinital,  which  dip 
gently  to  the  west,  while  the  upper  beds  appear  in  the  higher  hills  and 
ridges.  Near  the  mouth  of  the  Lead  Creek  the  Archimedes  lime- 
stone forms  the  tops  of  the  ridges  over  the  Encrinital,  and  higher  up 
that  stream  the  latter  disappears  entirely.  Keeping  to  the  west  along 


252  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

the  West  Fork,  however,  the  Archimedes  is  soon  replaced  by  the 
Encrinital,  forming  bluffs  over  a  hundred  feet  high,  weathered  and 
worn  into  curious  architectural  forms,  and  with  many  caves,  some  of 
which  are  very  extensive,  and  contain  saltpetre  in  small  quantities. 

The  Eagle  Fork  of  the  Cuivre  or  Big  Creek  passes  through  this 
formation  along  its  entire  length.  From  its  junction  with  the  Cuivre 
on  the  east,  the  strata  rise  very  slowly  toward  the  west,  and  in  T. 
48,  R.  i,  W.,  the  coarse,  crystalline,  cherty  limestones  of  the  middle 
beds  form  the  surface-rock  and  appear  in  the  high  bluffs.  West  of 
this  township  they  dip  as  slowly  to  the  west,  though  in  many  places 
local  disturbances  were  observed.  In  these  middle  beds  there 
occur,  interstratified  with  the  coarse  and  crinoidal  limestone,  thin 
layers  of  light-blue  and  gray,  fine  crystalline  limestones,  with  occa- 
sional thin  clay  partings.  These  appear  on  the  Corn  Creek,  and  are 
well  exposed  at  Brown's  Quarry,  near  Troy,  furnishing  a  moderately 
good  flagging,  and  the  thicker  layers  serving  for  building-stone. 

All  along  the  line  of  fault  the  Encrinital  limestone  appears,  dipping 
at  a  varying  angle  from  this  line,  generally  toward  the  south  and 
south-west.  It  occurs  in  the  higher  hills  and  ridges  near,  overlying 
the  Chouteau  limestone. 

Of  the  fossils  met  with  in  this  formation  the  crinoids  are  far  the 
most  abundant,  fragments  of  the  heads  and  stems  occurring  in 
almost  every  bed,  and  the  lower  division  especially.  Well-pre- 
served specimens  appear  mostly  of  the  genera  Actinocrinus  and 
Platycrinus.  Of  brachiopods,  Spirifers  occur  in  great  numbers, 
and  some  of  them  unusually  large,  Spirifcr  striatus  notably  so. 
Productus punctatus  and  P.  semireticulatus  are  very  common,  also 
a  species  of  Chonetes.  Of  gasteropods,  Euomphalus  alone  was 
recognized.  Fenestella  is  found  in  nearly  all  the  beds,  some  very 
beautifully  preserved  in  the  chert  nodules. 

The  peculiar  structure  known  as  stylolite  is  very  common  in  this 
limestone,  especially  in  the  middle  beds.  This  appears  generally  as 
a  long  series  of  parallel  columns  or  flutings  penetrating  the  beds 
often  to  a  depth  of  several  inches,  and  always  at  right  angles  to  the 
plane  of  stratification.  Prof.  Swallow  has  given  it  the  name  of 
suture-joint,  from  its  resemblance  to  the  sutures  of  the  cranium. 
Other  names  have  been  applied  to  this  structure,  and  theories  sug- 
gested as  to  its  origin,  among  others  crystalite,  supposing  it  to  have 
resulted  from  the  crystallization  of  some  salt  of  soda,  which  was 


GENERAL  GEOLOGY.  253 

subsequently  dissolved,  leaving  the  moulds  to  be  filled  with  sedi- 
ment from  above.  Lignelite  was  a  name  much  used  at  one  time, 
and  suggested  from  its  resemblance  to  woody  fibre,  and  perhaps 
from  the  belief  that  it  was  mineralized  wood.  Stylo  lite  is  the  name 
by  which  it  is  now  generally  known — a  diminutive  from  the  Greek 
crruXo?,  a  column — and  its  origin  is  ascribed  to  pressure  exerted 
upon  the  beds  while  in  a  plastic  state,  resulting  in  a  slipping  or 
pressing  together  of  the  material.  In  the  Clinton  beds  of  Ohio 
similar  forms  occur,  exhibiting  strong  evidences  of  the  great  pres- 
sure exerted  in  their  formation.  Some  of  them  show  at  one  ex- 
tremity the  characteristic  impression  of  some  fossil  form,  and  a  cross- 
section  taken  at  any  part  of  the  column  is  found  to  be  exactly 
similar  to  the  outline  of  the  fossil,  proving  the  latter  to  have  been 
forced  into  the  plastic  material,  and  with  its  rough  outlines  produc- 
ing the  peculiar  striation  and  fluting  observed  in  the  stylolite. 

The  Archimedes  Limestone. — In  the  south-eastern  part  of  the 
county  the  Archimedes  beds  outcrop  in  a  narrow  strip,  beginning 
at  the  Mississippi  bluffs  near  Monroe,  and,  passing  west  and  north- 
west along  the  Cuivre  as  far  as  Moscow,  turn  away  north  through 
T.  49,  R.  i,  E.,  to  the  centre,  and  thence  east,  disappearing  in  the 
north-eastern  corner  of  the  township.  This  crescent-shaped  outcrop 
is  due  to  the  general  inclination  of  all  the  strata  in  this  region 
toward  the  north-east,  the  Archimedes  beds  being  brought  to  the 
surface  on  the  south-western  slopes  of  the  hills  and  ridges  from  be- 
neath the  St.  Louis  limestone  and  the  overlying  coal-measures. 

The  formation  consists  of  light-blue  and  gray,  generally  thin- 
bedded,  fine  crystalline  and  compact  limestones,  with  some  argilla- 
ceous and  sandy  shales  interstratified.  The  lower  beds  contain 
nodules  and  layers  of  chert,  while  in  the  middle  and  upper  are  found 
geodes  of  various  sizes,  from  less  than  an  inch  to  five  inches  in 
diameter,  consisting  of  a  chalcedony  crust  lined  with  crystals  of 
quartz  or  calcite,  or  both. 

The  village  of  Chain-of-Rocks  takes  its  name  from  the  outcrop  of 
these  beds  along  the  banks  of  the  Cuivre  at  that  point.  The  follow- 
ing is  a  section : — 

No.  5 — Covered  slope,  with  chert  gravel  and  loose  geodes.  20 
feet. 

4 — Drab,  even-bedded,  crystalline  limestone,  in  layers  three  to 


254  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

ten  inches  thick,  containing  two  species  of  Productus  and  a  Za- 
phrentis.  10  feet. 

No.  3 — Light-gray,  thicker-bedded  subcrystalline  limestone.  8 
feet. 

2 — Dull-yellow,  granular,  thin-bedded  limestone.     6  feet. 

I — Light-blue,  fine  crystalline,  with  occasional  nodules  of  chert. 
IO  feet. 

In  several  wells  dug  in  the  top  of  the  hill  there  were  found,  ac- 
cording to  report,  brown  and  blue  shales,  with  layers  of  loose 
shelly  limestone  at  a  depth  of  fifteen  or  twenty  feet.  Along  the 
covered  surface  in  the  water-worn  troughs,  loose  geodes  occur  in 
great  abundance,  washed  out  of  the  soil  and  decomposing  limestone 
beds  above.  The  contained  minerals  are  usually  quartz  and  calcite, 
the  latter  merely  crystalline  in  structure  or  in  well- developed  rhom- 
bohedra  and  scalenohedra  lining,  the  interior  of  a  shell  of  compact 
quartz  or  chalcedony.  In  a  few  instances  iron  pyrites  and  minute 
crystals  of  galena  were  observed. 

East  of  Chain-of-Rocks  the  Archimedes  is  seen  cropping  out  at 
a  few  points  in  the  covered  hills,  but  not  sufficiently  defined  to  afford 
sections.  In  the  Mississippi  bluffs,  north  of  the  Cuivre  River,  it 
forms  the  perpendicular  wall  at  the  top,  and  appears  at  intervals  in 
the  covered  slopes  below,  as  follows  : — 

No.  3 — Bluish-gray,  thin-bedded,  fine  crystalline  limestone,  with 
geodes.  8  feet,  the  lower  part  changing  gradually  into 

2 — Brown,  thin-bedded,  argillaceous  limestone,  with  blue  and 
gray  shales  interstratified.  12  feet. 

I — Covered  slope,  gray,  fine-grained  limestone,  appearing  at 
intervals  to  the  Mississippi  bottom.  23  feet. 

Following  the  bluffs  north,  these  beds  are  seen  descending  gradu- 
ally, and  in  Sec.  2,  T.  48,  R.  2,  E.,  covered  by  the  dense  light-drab 
beds  of  the  St.  Louis  limestone. 

West  of  Chain-of-Rocks  the  Archimedes  appears  in  high  hills  and 
ridges  for  some  distance  along  the  Cuivre  River,  with  the  character- 
istic beds  of  the  Encrinital,  forming  the  bed-rock  below.  The  line  of 
outcrop  crosses  the  river  in  Sec.  24,  T.  48,  R.  I,  E.,  and  passes  south 
and  west  in  the  high  lands,  north  of  the  Big  Creek,  turning  north- 
west in  Sec.  21  to  the  north-west  corner  of  the  township.  Crossing 
the  Cuivre  again  above  Moscow,  it  turns  off  north  and  east,  and 
gives  out  finally  near  the  line  of  fault. 


GENERAL  GEOLOGY. 


255 


Near  the  old  mill,  at  Moscow,  the  lower  beds  are  exposed  along 
the  river,  and  fossils  occur  in  great  numbers  ;  several  species  of 
Spirifer  and  of  Productus,  also  Fenestella  and  Archimedipora,  the 
latter  being  unusually  large  and  well-developed  specimens. 

In  the  high  land  between  North  and  West  Forks  of  Cuivre,  about 
the  head-waters  of  Lead  Creek,  the  Archimedes  limestone  covers  an 
extended  area,  and  attains  a  thickness  of  about  fifty  feet.  It  dif- 
fers but  little  in  character  or  mode  of  occurrence  from  the  same 
beds  already  described. 

The  St.  Louis  Limestone. — This  formation  is  limited  in  its  de- 
velopment to  the  south-eastern  part  of  the  county,  forming  the  base 
of  the  main  ridges  covered  by  the  Coal-measures,  and  extending 
from  the  Mississippi  bluffs  nearly  to  the 
Cuivre  on  the  west. 

It  is  represented  by  beds  of  hard,  com- 
pact limestone  of  a  light-blue  and  drab 
color,  and  dull,  yellow,  silicious,  magne- 
sian  limestone,  with  thin  layers  of  argilla- 
ceous shale  interstratified.  The  following 
section,  taken  on  Bob's  Creek,  in  Sec.  32, 
T.  49,  R.  2,  E.,  shows  in  greater  detail  the 
character  of  the  group  :— 

No.  9 — Ferruginous  sandstone. 

8 — Light-drab,  compact  limestone,  with 
smooth,  conchoidal  fracture,  in  thin  beds 
traversed  by  delicate  veins  of  calcite. 

7 — Bluish-gray,  close,  crystalline,  cherty 
limestone,  in  layers  from  four  to  twenty 
inches  thick,  with  thin  beds  of  argillaceous 
and  sandy  shales. 

6 — Light-gray,  subcrystalline,  in  thicker 
beds,  with  seams  and  nodules  of  dark- 
colored  chert,  containing  Lithostrotion 
Canadensis,  Product  us  semireticulatus, 
and  a  Spirifer. 

5 — Light-drab,  compact  limestone,  re- 
sembling No.  8. 

4— Bluish-gray,  fine  crystalline,  very 
hard  limestone. 


256  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

No.  3 — Impure,  dull-brown,  thin-bedded  limestone,  with  layers  of 
light,  buff-colored,  sandy  shales  interstratified. 

2 — Light,  yellowish  gray,  close-grained,  magnesian  limestone. 

i — Light-drab,  compact  limestone,  with  smooth  conchoidal  frac- 
ture. 

This  section  was  seen  in  part  at  many  places  along  Bob's  Creek, 
in  the  high  ridges  capped  by  the  Coal-measures.  The  lower  beds 
appear  higher  up  on  Bob's  Creek,  in  the  base  of  the  hills  and  over- 
lying the  Archimedes  limestone,  as  will  be  seen  in  the  following 
section,  taken  in  Sec.  14,  T.  49,  R.  I,  E.  on  a  small  branch  :— 

No.  9 — Top  of  ridge  covered  with  a  red  gravel,  etc.      18  feet. 

8 — Light-gray,  fine  crystalline  silicious  limestone,  with  occasional 
layers  of  dark-colored  chert,  containing  LitJwstrotion,  Prodnctus, 
Spirifer,  and  Fencstella.  4  feet. 

7 — Covered  slope.    18  feet. 

6 — Light,  yellowish-gray  magnesian  limestone.      5  feet. 

5 — Gray,  compact  limestone,  with  smooth  conchoidal  fracture. 
6  feet. 

4— Drab,  thin-bedded  limestone,  with  layers  of  shale  inter- 
stratified,  containing  a  species  of  Melonites  and  Crinoid  stems.  12 
feet. 

3 — Light-brown,  impure  magnesian  limestone,  seen  at  intervals 
in  covered  slope. 

2 — Light,  bluish-gray,  compact  limestone,  with  cherty  layers.  5 
feet. 

i — Thin-bedded,  bluish-white,  silicious  limestone,  with  geodes. 

The  rise  in  the  strata  toward  the  north,  near  the  line  of  fault,  in- 
creasing gradually  in  that  direction,  carries  the  St.  Louis  limestone 
into  the  tops  of  the  ridges,  and  beyond  it  gives  place  to  the  Ar- 
chimedes. This  inclination  only  occurs  along,  the  line  of  fault,  the 
general  dip,  as  already  observed,  being  N.  20°  E. 

The  formation  first  appears  in  the  bluffs  of  the  Mississippi,  two 
miles  south  of  Bob's  Creek,  the  lower  buff  and  brown  magnesian 
beds  occupying  the  upper  part  of  the  ridges  overlying  the  Archime- 
des limestone.  Descending  gradually,  it  forms  the  main  part  of 
the  bluff  on  the  south  side  of  Bob's  Creek,  cropping  out  at  intervals 
in  the  lower-covered  slopes,  and  in  the  perpendicular  wall  at  the 
top.  North  of  the  creek  the  light-drab,  compact  limestone,  like 


GENERAL  GEOLOGY.  257 

No.  5  of  the  first  section,  forms  the  upper  part  of  the  bluff,  while 
the  impure  gray  and  brown,  with  interstratified  shales,  make  up  the 
base.  These  in  time  disappear,  giving  place  to  still  higher  beds, 
until  the  line  of  fault  is  reached,  where  the  upper  beds  rest  at  an 
angle  of  about  15°  against  the  nearly  vertical  strata  of  the  encrinital, 
as  may  be  seen  in  the  general  section  along  the  bluffs. 

The  Ferruginous  Sandstone. — This  formation  crops  out  over  a 
limited  area  beneath  the  Coal-measures,  in  the  high  ridges  of  T. 
48  and  49,  R.  I  and  2,  E.  It  consists  of  ten  to  eighteen  feet 
of  dull-yellow  or  reddish  brown,  impure,  friable  sandstone,  in 
part  of  coarse  grain,  and  in  heavy  beds,  but  generally  in  thin  layers, 
regularly  stratified,  fine-grained,  and  more  or  less  argillaceous.  It 
is  found  in  all  cases  resting  conformably  upon  the  St.  Louis  lime- 
stone, and,  with  the  exception  of  a  small  isolated  area  in  south-west 
quarter  of  Sec.  32,  T.  49,  R.  2,  E.,  is  overlaid  by  the  Coal-meas- 
ures. This  area  is  near  the  south-eastern  extremity  of  the  main 
ridge  between  Bob's  Creek  and  Cuivre  River,  two  hundred  feet  or 
more  above  the  level  of  the  latter.  Near  the  top  of  the  ridge  there 
is  an  exposure  of  about  fifteen  feet  of  rather  coarse,  crumbling, 
reddish-yellow  and  brown  sandstone,  in  beds  from  one  to  three  feet 
thick  in  the  upper  part,  changing  to  fine-grained,  friable,  argillaceous 
layers  below,  the  whole  resting  upon  the  well-marked  beds  of  the 
St.  Louis  limestone.  To  the  south-east  of  this,  another  small  area 
of  this  sandstone  occurs  in  a  higher  portion  of  the  ridge,  overlaid 
by  less  than  twenty  feet  of  the  Coal-measures.  The  sandstone 
crops  out  in  the  Chain-of-Rocks  road,  which  passes  near,  and  the 
total  observed  thickness  was  eighteen  feet. 

To  the  north-west  along  this  main  ridge,  between  Bob's  Creek 
and  Cuivre  River,  the  Ferruginous  sandstone  appears  at  many  points 
cropping  out  beneath  the  Coal-measures,  which  occupy  the  highest 
portions.  In  the  edge  of  Highland  Prairie,  which  occupies  a  large 
part  of  Sec.  31,  and  passes  north-west  into  Sees.  25  and  36  of  T. 
49,  R.  i,  E.,  the  sandstone  appears  at  intervals  at  the  heads  of  small 
branches,  varying  in  thickness  from  twelve  to  eighteen  feet.  Near 
the  line  between  Sees.  25  and  26  a  break  in  the  ridge  brings  the  St. 
Louis  limestone  to  the  surface,  separating  the  Highland  Prairie 
from  the  main  ridge  on  the  north-west,  but  beyond  the  break  the 
gradual  elevation  of  the  land  soon  exposes  the  sandstone  and  over- 
lying Coal-measures. 
17 


258  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

At  Meadows's  coal-bank,  on  the  north-east  side  of  the  ridge,  there 
is  an  exposure  of  eleven  feet  of  thin-bedded,  fine-grained,  argilla- 
ceous sandstone,  and  on  the  farm  of  Mr.  F.  W.  Rose  its  most 
westerly  outcrop  occurs  with  a  thickness  of  eight  feet,  and  at  a  dis- 
tance of  ten  feet  below  the  hydraulic  limestone  of  the  Coal-measures, 
the  usual  intervening  beds  of  shale  and  coal  not  appearing. 

Near  the  top  of  the  dividing  ridge  between  Bob's  Creek  and 
Brushy  Fork,  the  Ferruginous  sandstone  crops  out  at  many  points, 
and  underlies  the  Coal-measures  which  form  the  summit  of  the 
ridge.  The  observed  thickness  was  from  seven  to  ten  feet,  and 
consists  of  a  dull-brown,  thin-bedded,  argillaceous  sandstone,  with 
concretions  of  iron-ore. 

In  Sec.  7,  T.  49,  R.  2,  E.,  it  appears  again,  underlying  the  Coal- 
measures,  near  the  top  of  a  small  hill,  with  an  exposure  of  seven 
feet. 

A  few  fragments  of  vegetable  remains,  resembling  Catamites,  are 
the  only  fossil  forms  occurring  in  this  formation. 

Coal-Measures. — This  division  of  the  Carboniferous  series  is  re- 
presented in  Lincoln  County  under  two  forms — the  regular  undisturb- 
ed lower  measures  in  the  south-eastern  part  of  the  county,  and  the  ir- 
regular isolated  deposits  in  the  western,  the  latter  of  which  will  be 
more  fully  described  in  the  report  on  the  Economic  Geology  of  the 
county. 

The  regular  Coal  formation,  like  the  Ferruginous  sandstone,  is 
limited  in  its  development  to  T.  48  and  49,  R.  I  and  2,  E. , 
and  consists  of  several  small  areas  occupying  the  highest  ridges, 
namely,  that  lying  between  Bob's  Creek  and  Cuivre  River, 
between  Bob's  Creek  and  Brushy  Fork,  and  that  on  the  north  side 
of  the  latter  stream,  near  the  head-waters  of  McLean's  Creek. 
The  first  of  these  areas  has  its  most  northerly  outcrop  near  the 
line  between  Sees.  22  and  27,  T.  49,  R.I,  E.,  where  the  hydraulic 
limestone  appears  in  the  edge  of  the  ridge.  From  this  point  it 
runs  south  through  the  eastern  half  of  Sec.  27,  with  an  average  width 
of  a  quarter  to  half  a  mile,  thence  east  through  the  south  half  of 
Sec.  26,  terminating  near  the  section-line. 

The  following  section,  taken  at  Meadows's  bank,  shows  the  char- 
acter of  the  beds  and  their  relation  to  the  adjacent  formations. 

No.   9 — Covered  hill-top. 

8 — Brown  shale — arenaceous. 


GENERAL  GEOLOGY. 


259 


No.   7 — Hydraulic  limestone — very  hard  Fig.  74. 

and  compact,  of  a  bluish-gray  color,  with 
dark-blue  spots  and  veins  of  calcite  scat- 
tered through  the  mass,  and  containing 
Atliyris  subtilita  in  abundance,  together 
with  CJwnctes  mesoloba,  Product  us  senii- 
reticulatus  and  a  species  of  Spirifer. 

6— Black  slate. 

5— Coal. 

4 — Fire-clay. 

3 — Yellow,  arenaceous  shale. 

2 — Ferruginous  sandstone. 

i — St.   Louis  limestone. 

The  hydraulic  limestone  is  the  most 
characteristic  bed  of  the  series,  and  is 
often  the  only  indication  of  the  occur- 
rence of  the  formation,  its  great  hardness 
causing  it  to  stand  out  in  bold  relief  where 
the  other  and  softer  beds  have  been 
washed  away  or  covered  by  detritus. 

On  the  south  side  of  the  ridge  in  the 
south-middle  of  Sec.  26  there  is  an  exposure  of  eighteen  feet  of 
green  and  red  shales,  with  nodules  of  iron-ore  over  the  hydraulic 
limestone. 

In  the  Highland  Prairie,  which  forms  the  second  Coal-measure 
area,  no  coal  has  been  taken  out,  but  the  hydraulic  limestone  ap- 
pears as  the  surface-rock,  and  at  several  places  small  fragments  of 
coal  were  obtained  in  the  beds  of  branches  below  the  limestone. 
The  coal,  as  it  occurs  at  the  Meadows's  bank,  probably  underlies 
the  whole  prairie. 

To  the  south-east,  along  the  same  ridge,  in  the  south-east  quarter 
of  Sec.  32,  T.  49,  R.  2,  E.,  there  is  a  small  knob  of  a  few  acres 
extent  capped  by  the  Coal-measures,  as  follows  : — 

No.  5 — Covered  top.     5  feet. 

4 — Hydraulic  limestone.     3  feet. 

3 — Clay  and  black  dirt.      15  feet. 

2 — Ferruginous  sandstone.      18  feet. 

I — St.  Louis  limestone,  forming  the  main  body  of  the  ridge. 

The  fourth  area  has  its  northern  outcrop  in  the  north-eastern 


260  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

corner  of  Sec.  13,  T.  49,  R.  I,  E.,  and  stretches  away  south  through 
the  western  half  of  the  section,  with  an  average  width  of  a  quarter  of 
a  mile.  Thence  sweeping  off  to  the  east,  through  the  middle  of 
Sec.  24,  it  crosses  the  township  line  into  the  south  half  of  Sec.  19, 
of  T.  49,  R.  2,  E.,  south  of  the  village  of  Chantilly,  covering  nearly 
half  the  section,  and  terminating  in  the  extreme  south-eastern  cor- 
ner, on  the  land  of  Milner  M.  Tucker,  where  the  hydraulic  lime- 
stone and  a  few  inches  of  black  dirt  are'  to  be  seen  in  the  lane  run- 
ning on  the  north  and  south  section-line.  Coal  was  seen  at  but 
two  points  in  this  area  ;  in  the  north-west  quarter  of  Sec.  24,  T.  49, 
R.  i,  E.,  a  few  hundred  feet  south  of  the  Troy  and  Cap  au  Gres 
road,  and  in  the  south-east  quarter  of  the  same  section.  The 
hydraulic  limestone,  however,  forms  the  surface-rock,  and  crops 
out  frequently  in  the  edge  of  the  ridge,  marking  the  presence  of  the 
formation. 

The  remaining  area  occupies  the  top  of  a  small  knob  in  the  south- 
east quarter  of  Sec.  7,  T.  49,  R.  2,  E.,  and  covers  an  extent  of  about 
thirty  acres.  No  coal  or  shales  appear,  but  the  hydraulic  limestone 
crops  out  near  the  top  of  the  hill,  three  feet  and  a  half  in  thickness  ; 
below  which,  after  an  interval  of  twenty  feet,  coarse,  thick  beds  of 
the  Ferruginous  sandstone,  seven  feet,  succeeded  by  the  St.  Louis 
limestone. 

Quaternary. — Of  the  four  subdivisions  of  this  system  three  are 
fully  represented  in  Lincoln  County,  namely,  Bluff  or  Loess,  Bot- 
tom Prairie,  and  Alluvium,  while  a  few  bowlders  scattered  about  on 
the  hills  or  in  the  deep  ravines  are  the  only  evidences  of  the  occur- 
rence of  the  drift.  No  accumulated  deposits  of  true  drift-material 
were  observed  in  any  part  of  the  country. 

In  Sec.  8,  T.  48,  R.  i,  E.,  on  the  Troy  and  Wentzville  road,  a 
large  bowlder  of  feldspathic  granite,  two  feet  and  a  half  in  its  great- 
est diameter,  lies  imbedded  in  the  soil  on  the  top  of  a  high  ridge  ; 
and  in  various  other  localities  smaller  bowlders  are  found,  but  unac- 
companied by  gravel  or  finer  material  of  the  true  drift.  Most  of 
these  bowlders  are  of  granite,  hornblendic  gneiss,  hornblende-rock, 
quartzite,  diorite,  red  sandstone,  resembling  the  Potsdam  sand- 
stone, and  one  was  found  of  milky  quartz,  with  fine  crystals  of  black 
tourmaline. 

The  Bluff  or  Loess  formation  is  exposed  in  many  parts  of  the 
county,  especially  in  the  eastern  border,  where  it  reaches  a  thick- 


GENERAL  GEOLOGY.  26 1 

ness  of  fifty  to  seventy-five  feet.  It  is  generally  of  a  dull-yellow, 
ash-colored,  brown  or  even  bright-red  argillaceous  or  sandy  marl, 
imperfectly  stratified,  and,  where  weathered,  exhibiting  a  columnar 
structure.  In  the  south-east  it  covers  the  rock-bluffs  and  forms  the 
main  part  of  the  hills  in  the  valley  of  Cuivre  ;  and  along  the  eastern 
side  of  the  range  of  high  knobs  it  is  well  developed,  giving  charac- 
ter to  the  soils  and  rendering  them  among  the  best  in  the  county 
for  the  production  of  fruits  and  grain.  West  of  this  range  the  for- 
mation is  not  so  general  in  its  distribution  nor  so  fully  developed. 

Of  organic  remains,  several  species  of  Helix  occur  frequently. 

The  Bottom  Prairie  extends  over  the  great  Mississippi  bottom, 
which  forms  the  eastern  border  of  the  county,  from  two  to  three 
miles  wide.  It  is  cut  into,  for  a  considerable  depth,  by  the  streams 
which  flow  down  from  the  uplands  and  empty  into  the  Mississippi. 
A  section  taken  half  a  mile  from  the  bluffs  on  Cuivre  shows  : — 

Soil.     2y2  feet. 

Light-gray,  sandy  clay.     4  feet. 

Dark-brown  and  black  vegetable  mould,      i^  feet. 

Bluish,  calcareous  clay.    2  feet. 

Dark-gray,  and  irregularly  stratified.     3  feet. 

Yellow  sand,  stratified.    8  feet. 

A  section  taken  of  the  bank  on  Sandy  Creek  is  as  follows  : — 

Soil.     2  feet. 

Light-yellow,  sandy  loam.     3  feet  10  inches. 

Dark,  vegetable  mould,  with  sand.    I  foot. 

Dark-blue  clay,  in  thin  layers.    2  feet. 

Gray  and  brown  sands,  irregularly  stratified.      4  feet. 

Light-yellow,  regularly  stratified  sand.    6  feet. 

Aside  from  the  soils  which  constitute  the  upper  and  latest  de- 
posits, and  occur  in  all  parts  of  the  county,  there  appear,  especially 
in  the  valleys  of  the  streams,  beds  of  pebbles,  sand,  clay  and  vege- 
table mould.  These  materials,  derived  from  older  superficial  de- 
posits or  from  the  rocks  through  which  the  streams  have  cut  their 
channels,  have  been  transported  to  a  greater  or  less  distance  by  the 
currents,  and  form  now  the  broad  prairies  of  the  Mississippi  bottom 
on  the  eastern  border  of  the  county,  and  the  smaller  but  no  less 
fertile  wood-plains  of  Cuivre  River  and  its  main  branches.  In  the  beds 
of  nearly  all  the  streams  and  ravines,  small  pebbles  lie  scattered 
about,  or  in  beds  several  feet  thick.  These  pebbles  are  almost  en- 


262  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

tirely  of  chert,  though  fragments  of  limestone  occur  as  well,  and 
vary  in  size  from  that  of  a  walnut  to  pieces  six  or  eight  inches  in 
diameter.  The  chert  is  smooth,  though  more  or  less  angular,  and 
has  been  derived  from  neighboring  beds  of  cherty  limestone, 
through  which  the  streams  run,  and  which  cover  so  large  an  area  of 
the  county  ;  or  from  similar  beds  forming  the  surface-rock  at  an 
earlier  time,  and  which  have  now  disappeared  through  erosion, 
leaving  the  more  indestructible  cherty  fragments.  Many  of  these 
fragments  contain  the  impressions  of  fossils,  and  are  in  all  respects 
similar  to  the  nodules  of  chert  occurring  in  the  Subcarboniferous 
limestones. 

Sand  and  clay  form  an  important  part  of  the  alluvial  bottoms, 
occurring  stratified  in  more  or  less  regular  layers.  The  former  shows 
very  distinctly,  in  many  places,  the  peculiar  broken  structure  pro- 
duced by  rippling  waters  or  the  gentle  ebb  and  flow  of  currents 
and  waves  over  a  shallow  bottom. 

In  some  of  the  broad  bottoms  along  Cuivre  River  and  other  large 
streams  the  alluvium  is  distinctly  terraced.  At  the  crossing  of 
Cuivre  in  Sec.  14,  T.  49,  R.  I,  W.,  where  the  bottom  is  about  half 
a  mile  wide,  there  are  three  well-marked  terraces,  ten,  six,  and  four 
feet  high  respectively,  and  these  may  be  traced  for  a  distance  of 
nearly  two  miles  south  along  the  bottom. 


CHAPTER   VIII. 

COAL. 

THE  existence  of  coal  in  Lincoln  County  has  been  known  for 
many  years,  and  has  excited  considerable  interest,  not  only  in  the 
county  itself,  but  among  many  operators  and  manufacturers  in 
adjacent  parts  of  the  State  who  were  desirous  of  obtaining  a  suit- 
able and  cheap  fuel  for  smelting  and  manufacturing  purposes.  But 
although  a  considerable  amount  of  coal  has  been  taken  out  in 
various  places  for  home  consumption,  and  search  made  in  others, 
it  may  be  said  that  no  systematic  examination  had,  up  to  the  pres- 
ent time,  been  made  to  prove  the  extent  and  value  of  the  deposits. 

As  has  already  been  stated  in  a  previous  part  of  this  report,  the 
coal  occurs  in  this  county  under  two  conditions  : — 

I.  That  found  regularly  stratified,  with  undisturbed  beds,  which, 
from  their  stratigraphical  position  and  the  character  of  the  contained 
fossils,  are  to  be  recognized  as  belonging -to  the  lower  series  of  the 
regular  Coal-measure  formation. 

II.  The  irregular,  isolated  beds  of  coal  occurring  in  the  banks  of 
streams  and  ravines,  exhibiting  signs  of  disturbance,  and  associated 
with  a  comparatively  small  amount  of  the  usual  accompanying  beds 
of  the  Coal-measures. 

The  coal  referred  to  the  first  division  has  already  been  described 
as  to  its  mode  of  occurrence,  and  the  limits  of  the  areas  underlaid, 
by  it  have  been  marked  out.  Although  these  areas  in  which  coal 
will  be  found  are  of  considerable  extent,  there  is  but  one  place  at 
which  the  coal  has  been  taken  out,  namely  :  at  Meadows's  bank,  in 
the  high  ridge  west  of  Bob's  Creek,  in  the  north-west  quarter  of 
Sec.  27,  T.  49,  R.  i,  E.  During  the  past  twelve  or  thirteen  years 
'coal  has  been  obtained  at  intervals,  amounting  altogether  to  about 
three  thousand  bushels. 

The  seam  varies  in  thickness  from  fifteen  to  twenty-five  inches, 
and  is  covered  by  four  feet  of  compact,  hard,  hydraulic  limestone, 


264  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

with,  in  some  places,  a  few  inches  of  black  slate  intervening.  One 
or  two  openings  have  been  made  in  the  edge  of  the  hill  at  the 
outcrop,  and  a  low  entry,  the  thickness  of  the  coal  and  slate  in 
height,  worked  into  the  hill  for  a  distance  of  one  hundred  and 
twenty  or  thirty  feet.  The  coal  itself  is  a  soft,  caking,  bituminous 
coal,  jointed  with  planes  perpendicular  to  the  stratification,  is  rather 
tender  when  exposed,  and  contains  considerable  sulphur. 

Below  are  two  analyses  of  this  coal,  made  by   Mr.  Chauvenet. 
No.  i  is  from  the  top  of  the  seam  and  No.  2  from  the  bottom. 

No.  i.  No.  2. 

Water 6.30.. 6.75 

Volatile  Matter 39.20 36.80 

Fixed  Carbon 44- 30 42.00 

Ash 10.20 14-45 

Color  of  ash  in  both,  light  brown. 
Sulphur,  4.91.     Iron  (metallic),  4-44- 

At  no  other  place  could  specimens  be  got  for  analysis,  and 
possibly  it  might  prove  elsewhere  to  be  of  better  quality ;  but  it  is 
improbable  that  it  will  be  found  much  thicker.  There  are  many 
points  where  the  coal  could  be  obtained,  and  its  character  deter- 
mined, with  little  labor  and  small  cost;  and  those  having  land  on  the 
outcrop  of  the  Coal-measures,  already  indicated  on  the  map,  might 
easily  make  the  trial. 

Coal  from  the  Meadows  bank  is  used  for  household  purposes  in 
the  neighborhood,  and  to  a  large  extent  by  the  blacksmiths.  The 
demand  for  it  is  necessarily  somewhat  limited. 

The  deposits  of  coal  which  have  attracted  the  most  attention  in 
the  county  belong  to  the  second  division,  as  given  above,  occur- 
ring at  many  places  in  the  excavated  valleys,  side  branches  and 
ravines,  as  isolated  beds  unconnected  with  one  another,  but  ex- 
hibiting the  same  general  characters  and  associations.  These 
beds  are  often  of  great  thickness  as  compared  with  the  regular 
coal-seams,  reaching  as  high  as  twenty-five  feet  in  some  cases,  and 
showing  more  or  less  signs  of  disturbance  in  the  irregularity  of  the 
dip  and  the  smooth  and  polished  surfaces  of  slicken-sides. 

With  this  great  thickness  of  coal  there  is  always  a  remarkably 
small  representation  of  the  usual  accompanying  Coal-measure  strata. 
The  few  inches  of  shale  or  slate  interstratified  with,  and  rarely  a 


COAL.  265 

few  feet  above,  the  coal,  contrasts  strongly  with  the  great  thickness 
of  these  beds  in  the  regular  coal-measures. 

Another  marked  feature  of  these  deposits  is  the  relation  they  bear 
to  the  prevailing  rock  of  the  region,  which  is  in  all  cases  one  of  the 
limestones  of  the  subcarboniferous  series,  and  most  commonly  the 
Encrinital.  These  limestones,  identified  by  their  well-marked  and 
characteristic  fossils,  form  the  walls  of  the  basins  and  depressions 
in  which  the  coal-beds  are  found,  and  crop  out  in  the  banks  and 
slopes  above  the  level  of  the  coal,  and  in  fact  on  all  sides  of  it. 
The  occurrence  of  these  limestones,  then,  at  the  side  or  below  the 
coal,  marks  the  limits  of  the  beds,  since  the  limestones  were  formed 
before  the  coal,  and  it  is  useless  to  seek  in  or  beneath  them. 
Appearing  as  the  coal  does,  however,  in  the  banks  of  streams  and 
ravines,  it  was,  perhaps,  not  unnatural  for  the  miners  and  others 
interested  to  mistake  it  for  the  outcrop  of  true  seam-coal  under- 
lying the  higher  prairie-land. 

With  but  few  exceptions,  these  coat  deposits  occur  in  the  main 
valley,  or  in  the  ravines  of  tributary  branches  of  Coon  Creek,  which 
drains  the  south-western  part  of  the  county  between  the  West  Fork 
of  the  Cuivre  and  Big  Creek,  entering  the  latter  from  the  north- 
west in  the  south-west  quarter  of  Sec.  22,  T.  48,  R.  I ,  W.  At  many 
places,  where  excavations  were  made  and  coal  taken  out,  in  former 
years,  but  little  is  to  be  seen  of  the  character  and  position  of  the 
beds,  the  pits  and  entries  being  either  filled  with  water  or  closed  by 
the  falling  in  of  the  loose  gravel  and  soil.  The  relation  of  these 
beds,  however,  to  the  prevailing  limestone  strata,  is  generally  well 
marked.  A  more  detailed  description  of  them  and  of  the  exposed 
beds  will  furnish  a  better  idea  of  the  character  of  the  deposits,  and 
perhaps  lead  to  a  fuller  understanding  of  their  origin. 

Linn's  Bank. — The  lowest  point  on  Coon  Creek  where  coal  has 
been  found  is  on  the  land  of  Mr.  Jacob  Linn,  in  the  north-east 
quarter  of  Sec.  18,  T.  48,  R.  I,  W.  It  occurs  in  the  ravine  of  a 
small  side-branch,  about  fifty  feet  above  the  level  of  the  creek,  and 
three  hundred  yards  distant.  The  branch  is  but  little  over  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  in  length,  and  flows  in  a  narrow  and  deep  channel 
cut  in  the  undisturbed  beds  of  the  Encrinital  limestone,  which  crops 
.out  on  all  sides,  and  within  ten  feet  of  the  coal-pit  in  the  bottom  of 
the  branch.  This  pit  was  sunk  two  years  ago  to  a  depth  of  twelve 
feet,  passing  through  the  following  strata  : — 


266  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

No.  5 — Soil  and  gravel.      I  foot  6  inches. 

4 — Gray  shale,  with  impressions  of  fern-leaves  and  stems, 
among  which  were  noted  species  of  Neuropteris,  Pecopteris  and 
SpJienophyllum.  3  feet. 

3 — Rotten  coal,  of  which  only  a  few  small  pieces  were  to  be 
seen.  2  feet  I  inch. 

2 — Black  shale,  with  a  species  of  Ncuropteris,  very  abundant. 
3  feet. 

I  — Coal.     2  feet  6  inches. 

Across  the  bed  of  the  branch,  about  fifty  feet  distant,  a  pit  was 
sunk,  and  the  coarse,  brown,  fossiliferous  beds  of  the  Encrinital 
limestone  reached,  while  two  hundred  feet  down  the  stream  two 
feet  of  coal  were  obtained.  The  limestone  crops  out  of  the  banks 
and  in  the  bed  of  the  branch,  showing  the  deposit  to  be  very  limit- 
ed in  extent,  and  a  large  part  has  already  been  cut  out  by  the 
waters.  A  few  bushels  were  taken  out  in  sinking  the  pits,  but  the 
coal  proved  to  be  of  very  inferior  quality,  owing  probably  to  the 
continued  exposure  to  the  surface-waters. 

Heady's  Bank. — On  or  near  the  Martin  branch  several  deposits 
of  coal  and  shale  appear.  The  first  is  about  three  hundred  yards 
up  a  side-branch,  known  as  Heady's  branch,  which  flows  in  from 
the  prairie  on  the  south-west.  Two  pits  have  been  sunk  in  the  bot- 
tom of  this  branch,  about  two  hundred  feet  apart,  one  near  the  foot 
of  the  bluff  and  the  other  at  the  edge  of  the  present  bed  of  the 
stream.  The  latter  is  now  filled  with  water,  but  the  following  sec- 
tion is  reported  to  have  been  obtained  : — 

Feet.  Inches. 

Alluvial  bottom 5 

Black  slate I  6 

Coal 2  6 

Black  slate 6 

Coal 4 

The  bottom  of  the  branch  is  eighty  or  a  hundred  feet  wide  at 
this  point,  and  the  bluffs  and  slopes  rise  forty  to  fifty  feet  to  the 
prairie  above,  the  Encrinital  limestone  cropping  out  at  intervals. 

The  second  opening  was  made  in  the  fall  of  1870,  by  the  Lincoln' 
County  Coal  Company,  on  a  fork  of  the  branch  and  near  the  foot 
of  the  bluff.  The  depth  of  the  shaft  is  twenty  feet,  in  which 


COAL.  267 

there  appears  gray  and  black  slate  and  two  layers  of  coal,  amount- 
ing altogether  to  twelve  feet.  Boring  was  begun  in  the  bottom  of 
the  shaft,  but  abandoned  after  reaching  the  limestone,  a  few  feet 
below  the  coal.  The  exact  limits  of  this  bed  of  coal  cannot  be 
determined,  owing  to  the  alluvial  covering ;  but  the  outcrop  of  the 
Encrinital  limestone  in  the  bluffs  shows  that  it  is  confined  to  the 
bottom  of  the  branch.  It  is  highly  probable,  also,  that  a  large  part 
of  the  formation  has  been  cut  out  by  the  stream,  while  much  of  the 
coal  that  is  left  will  have  become  deteriorated  by  exposure,  not  hav- 
ing a  sufficiently  impervious  covering. 

Martin's  Bank. — Still  higher  up  the  Martin  branch,  near  the  mid- 
dle of  south-west  quarter  of  Sec.  12,  on  the  Martin  farm,  coal  is  to  be 
seen  cropping  out  in  the  present  bed  of  the  stream  for  a  distance  of 
nearly  fifty  feet.  In  the  fall  of  1870  a  pit  was  sunk  in  the  bottom 
at  the  edge  of  the  stream,  and  five  feet  of  coal  was  found,  after 
passing  through  seven  feet  of  soil  and  gravel  and  one  foot  of  black 
slate.  At  its  outcrop  in  the  branch,  the  coal  dips  a  few  degrees  to 
the  west,  and  in  the  pit,  which  is  now  filled  up,  it  is  said  to  dip  to 
the  north.  Coal  has  been  taken  out  from  time  to  time  and  used  in 
the  neighborhood. 

The  bottom  of  the  branch  is  two  hundred  feet  wide  at  this  place, 
with  easy-sloping  hills  on  the  north  side,  rising  to  the  prairie,  and 
low  but  abrupt  and  rocky  bluffs  on  the  south.  The  latter  are  made 
up  of  the  undisturbed  beds  of  the  Encrinital  limestone,  which  also 
appear  at  intervals  in  the  slopes  on  the  north  side.  A  small  pit 
was  dug  recently  on  the  south  side,  eighty  feet  from  the  bed  of  the 
stream  and  thirty  from  the  foot  of  the  bluff,  in  the  bottom  of  which 
the  cherty,  fossiliferous,  Encrinital  limestone  is  to  be  seen  overlaid 
by  eight  feet  of  chert- gravel. 

The  stream  seems  to  have  changed  its  channel  in  the  bottom  at 
a  comparatively  recent  date,  the  marks  of  an  old  one  appearing  to 
the  south  of  the  present,  and,  having  worked  through  the  alluvial 
deposit  to  the  coal,  is  now  rapidly  cutting  out  and  washing  it  away. 

Johnson's  Bank. — This  is  on  the  north  fork  of  the  Martin  branch, 
a  short  distance  south-east  of  the  middle  of  Section  1 1 .  A  rude 
shaft  was  put  down,  some  years  ago,  in  the  high  sloping  bank  on  the 
south  side  of  the  fork,  to  a  depth  of  eighteen  feet,  and  eight  feet 
of  coal  found  overlaid  by  six  feet  of  shale.  No  information  could 
be  obtained  of  the  character  of  the  coal.  Outcroppings  of  Encrini- 


268 


GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 


tal  limestone  in  the  bank  on  both  sides,  and  within  fifty  feet  of  the 
coal,  also  in  the  ridge  above,  show  that  the  deposit  is  quite  limited, 
and  is  doubtless  the  remains  of  a  larger  bed  occupying  the  valley  of 
the  stream. 

Passing  up  the  valley  of  Coon  Creek,  the  next  occurrence  of  coal 
of  any  importance  is  near  the  head  of  the  Slaven's  branch,  which 
rises  in  the  prairie  in  the  north-east  quarter  of  Sec.  36,  T.  49,  R.  2, 
W.,  and  enters  Coon  Creek  near  the  centre  of  Sec.  I,  T.  48,  R.  2, 
W.  In  the  ravine,  at  a  point  of  the  prairie  formed  by  two  forks  of 
the  Slaven's  branch,  coal  has  been  taken  out  in  considerable  quan- 
tities from  the  Waddy  and  Baker  banks,  and  at  this  place,  perhaps, 
better  than  at  any  other  in  the  county,  is  the  true  character  of  this 
class  of  deposits  to  be  seen — that  the  coal  is  not  in  true  seams  in 
the  regular  Coal-measure  formation,  but  as  isolated  masses  in  de- 
pressions in  the  Subcarboniferous  limestone.  The  following  sketch 
shows  the  mode  of  occurrence  of  the  coal  at  this  place,  and  the  po- 
sition of  the  pits  : — 

Fig-  75- 


The  Waddy  Bank  was  opened  some  years  ago,  and  about  a 
thousand  bushels  of  coal  have  since  been  taken  out.  Near  the  foot 
of  the  slope  from  the  prairie,  and  about  a  hundred  and  twenty  feet 
from  the  main  fork  of  the  branch,  two  pits  were  sunk  to  the  coal, 
which  lies  at  a  depth  of  eight  to  ten  feet  below  the  surface,  with  a 
thickness  of  five  and  a  half  to  seven  feet,  and  overlaid  by  a  few 
inches  to  two  feet  of  black  slate.  The  coal  has  a  general  dip  of 


COAL.  269 

about  5°  toward  the  south-west ;  but  varies  considerably  in  differ- 
ent parts  of  the  pits,  both  as  to  direction  and  intensity.  It  is  of  fair 
quality,  and  has  been  used  largely  by  neighboring  blacksmiths  ;  at 
present,  however,  the  pits  are  full  of  water  and  the  coal  neglected. 
The  analyses  of  the  Baker  coal,  given  further  on,  will  show  more 
fully  the  character  of  this  coal. 

Baker's  Bank. — At  a  distance  of  about  eighty  feet  from  the 
Waddy  pits,  and  at  a  level  of  twenty  one  feet  above,  is  the  opening 
of  the  Baker  shaft,  which  was  sunk  in  the  summer  of  1871. 

The  following  section  appears  there  : — 

Clay  and  chert  gravel,  19  feet;  Black  slate,  3  to  8  inches  ;  Coal, 
8  to  10  feet ;  Fire-clay,  4  feet. 

Encrinital  limestone  in  broken  masses  at  the  bottom. 

The  black  slate  appears  in  some  places,  above  the  coal,  and  at 
others  soft  clay,  filled  with  angular  chert  from  the  Encrinital  lime- 
stone, rests  upon  the  coal.  Two  entries  have  been  worked  in  the 
coal,  a  distance  of  ten  feet  each  from  the  bottom  of  the  shaft,  one 
south-east  and  the  other  west-north-west.  In  the  west  entry  the 
coal  is  eight  feet  two  inches  thick,  and  dips  at  the  hill  to  the  west 
at  an  angle  of  25°.  In  the  east  entry,  or  that  nearer  the  body  of 
the  hill,  the  general  dip  is  to  the  north-east,  at  an  angle  of  40°  to 
50°,  and  the  signs  of  disturbance  are  very  marked,  the  coal  pitch- 
ing in  various  directions,  with  many  faults,  and  showing  the  polished 
surfaces  or  slickensides  resulting  from  movement  under  pressure. 

During  the  past  summer  Mr.  Baker  has  been  engaged  in  driving 
a  slope  to  the  coal,  on  the  supposition  that  it  was  true  seam-coal 
underlying  the  whole  prairie.  An  entrance  was  made  lower  down 
the  bank,  (a,)  and  a  direction  taken  by  which  the  coal  should  have 
been  reached  at  a  distance  of  forty  feet  north-east  from  the  bottom 
of  the  shaft.  On  arriving  at  a  vertical  depth  of  seventeen  feet 
below  the  surface,  after  working  through  several  feet  of  very  hard, 
tough  clay,  filled  with  chert  and  fragments  of  limestone,  a  solid 
ledge  of  limestone  was  struck,  (the  dotted  line  £,)  which  proved  to 
be  the  face  of  the  rock-bluff  at  the  edge  of  the  channel  cut  out  by 
the  south  fork  of  the  branch. 

The  whole  amount  of  coal  at  this  place  is  contained  in  an  area  of 
one  hundred  and  fifteen  feet  square,  in  part  of  a  small  basin  due  in 
some  measure  to  a  disturbance  of  the  limestone,  shown  in  the 
sketch,  but  mostly  to  subsequent  erosion.  The  Encrinital  limestone 


270  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

is  to  be  seen  cropping  out  on  the  north,  west  and  south  sides  of  the 
coal-bed,  while  that  reached  by  the  slope  shows  the  limited  extent 
of  the  coal  toward  the  east.  For  those  who  persist  in  regarding 
the  limestone  as  the  "  cap-rock,"  or  that  overlying  the  coal,  it  is 
only  necessary  that  the  east  entry  be  driven  through  the  coal  a  dis- 
tance of  thirty  feet  or  less  to  prove  that  the  coal  gives  out  over  the 
limestone,  and  in  no  case  passes  under  the  limestone  in  place. 

The  following  are  the  results  of  analyses  of  this  coal  made  by 
Mr.  Chauvenet :  No.  I,  average  sample  ;  No.  2,  from  the  bottom 
coal : — 

No.  i.  No.  2. 

Water 8.75  8.50 

Volatile  matter : 38.67  39. 50 

Fixed  Carbon*. 46.93  46.45 

Ash 5-65  5-55 

Color  of  Ash white 

Average  Sulphur 2.632 

Average  Iron trace 

Specific  gravity 1 . 165 

A  curious  feature  of  this  coal  is  the  almost  total  absence  of  iron, 
though  the  amount  of  sulphur  is  over  two  and  a  half  per  cent.  No 
investigations  have  as  yet  been  made  to  ascertain  under  what  con- 
ditions the  sulphur  is  present  when  not  combined  with  iron,  but  it 
would  seem  most  probable,  especially  in  the  case  of  the  Baker  coal, 
that  the  sulphur  is  present  to  a  great  extent  in  the  form  of  gypsum, 
or  hydrous  sulphate  of  lime.  From  the  occurrence  of  these  deposits 
in  depressions  or  excavated  basins  in  the  limestone,  the  coal  would 
be  constantly  subjected  to  the  action  of  the  surface-water,  and  that 
passing  over  and  through  the  decomposing  limestone.  The  sulphur, 
if  present  in  the  form  of  iron  pyrites,  would  be  oxidized,  and  the 
sulphate  of  lime  formed.  Scales  of  the  sulphate  as  well  as  of  the 
carbonate  of  lime  do  occur  frequently  in  the  joints,  coating  exposed 
surfaces  of  the  coal  in  question. 

The  Baker  coal  has  been  used  largely  in  the  county  for  household 
purposes,  and  in  the  blacksmith's  forge. 

Half-way  down  the  Slaven's  branch,  on  the  east  side,  coal- 
measure  shales  of  a  light,  greenish-gray  color,  and  containing  frag- 


COAL. 


2/1 


ments  of  Neuropteris,  occur  in  the  bank,  enclosed  on  both  sides  by 
the  Encrinital  limestone.  The  following  sketch  shows  the  relation 
of  the  beds : — 

Fig.   75. 


^>4KETCH      ON     SLAV  E~N'S    BRANCH    <N- 

On  the  north  side  the  limestone  strata  dip  toward  the  south- 
west, but  on  the  lower  side  they  are  nearly  horizontal.  The  shale  is 
somewhat  disturbed  in  places,  but  is  in  general  nearly  horizontal. 
This  bed  of  shale  seems  to  have  lodged  in  a  cut  in  the  limestone, 
and  been  protected  there  from  erosion  by  the  solid  walls  on  both 
sides. 

Link's  Bank. — This  is  the  most  extensive  of  all  the  coal  deposits 
of  the  kind  in  the  county.  It  is  situated  upon  the  stream  known  as 
the  Link  branch,  which  heads  in  the  prairie  in  the  north-west  cor- 
ner of  Sec.  35,  T.  49,  R.  2,  W. ,  flowing  south  crosses  the  Mexico 
Road,  and  enters  Coon  Creek  near  the  middle  of  the  south  section- 
line  of  35. 

The  accompanying  sketch  represents  a  section  along  this  branch, 
from  near  its  head  to  a  point  below  the  coal-bank. 

The  Encrinital  limestone  is  the  surface-rock  of  the  region,  and  the 
coal  or  coal-shale  and  slate  occur  in  several  basins  in  the  west  side 
of  the  branch.  In  the  upper  are  a  few  feet  of  shale,  with  nodules 


2/2 


GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 


Fig-  77- 


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g§3S3 

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COAL.  273 

of  iron-ore,  in  the  middle  basin  fifteen  inches  of  coal  with  two  feet 
of  shale  overlying  it  and  eighteen  inches  of  fire-clay  beneath,  while 
in  the  third  basin  lies  the  bed  of  coal  now  worked  at  the  Link 
bank. 

The  appearance  of  black  slate  in  the  bed  of  the  branch  at  this 
place,  indicating  the  probable  existence  of  coal,  led  to  the  sinking 
of  a  shaft  in  the  hillside,  about  twenty  feet  above  the  branch. 

The  following  is  the  section  appearing  there  : — 

Feet. 

Clay  and  chert-gravel 1 1 

Coal 2 

Light-gray  shales 4 

Black  slate 3 

Coal    16 

And  in  the  sump  fire-clay,  with  fragments  of 
limestone 6 

From  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  an  entry  has  been  cut  in  the  coal 
one  hundred  and  ninety-seven  feet  into  the  hill  S.  88°  W.  The 
coal  has  a  general  dip  of  7°  to  10°  S.  30°  E.  near  the  shaft,  but 
farther  into  the  hill  this  increases  and  also  becomes  more  irregular. 
At  the  extreme  end  of  the  entry,  in  the  floor,  the  coal  is  very  much 
broken  and  distorted,  chert  and  clay  appearing  as  though  thrust  up 
through  it.  It  is  very  evident  from  the  appearance  at  this  part  of 
the  bed  that  the  coal  extends  but  a  short  distance  beyond  in  that 
direction,  probably  less  than  ten  feet.  In  its  extent  along  the 
branch  it  is  also  very  limited,  the  Encrinital  limestone  outcropping 
in  undisturbed  beds  on  both  sides  of  the  coal.  The  distance  be- 
tween these  enclosing  walls  is  two  hundred  feet. 

The  coal  from  various  parts  of  the  bed  differs  somewhat  in  char- 
acter; the  upper  seven  feet  consist  of  an  ordinary  soft,  bituminous 
coal  of  dull  lustre,  and  contain  considerable  sulphur ;  the  middle 
portion,  four  feet  in  thickness,  is  a  soft  bituminous  of  bright,  pitchy 
lustre — a  good  gas-coal;  at  the  bottom,  five  to  six  feet  of  harder 
coal,  cleaving  readily  in  planes  perpendicular  to  the  line  of  bedding, 
and  resembling  block-coal. 

The  following  analyses,  by  Mr.  Chauvenet,  show  the  composition 
of  these  different  layers ;  Nos.  I  and  2  are  from  the  top,  Nos.  3 

and  4  from  the   middle,  and  No.  5  from  the  bottom  : — 
18 


274 


GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 


No.  i.  No.  2. 

Water 7.85  8.17 

Volatile  matter 32.75  32.58 

Fixed  Carbon '46. 2 5  46. 50 

Ash 12.65  12.75 


i\o.  3. 

8.25 
34.55 

47-50 
9.70 


No.  4. 
8.40 
35-22 

46.33 

10.05 


No.  5. 

7.90 
33-90 
49.OO 

9.2O 


Color  of  ash,  light-gray,  and  brown  with  pink  tinge. 
Sulphur  in  average  sample  —  2.036 
Iron         "         "  "       =     .707 

Specific  gravity  —  1.255 

It  will  be  observed  that  there  is  here  also  much  less  iron  than  the 
sulphur  present  in  the  coal  requires  as  bisulphuret  of  iron  or  iron 
pyrites.  For  the  .707  per  cent,  of  iron,  only  .806  per  cent,  of 
sulphur  would  be  required,  leaving  1.230  per  cent,  of  sulphur  in 
some  other  combination  than  with  iron,  and,  as  in  the  case  of  the 
Baker  coal,  this  is  probably  with  lime,  as  sulphate. 

The  Link  bank  is  the  only  one  in  the  county  which  has  been 
systematically  worked  :  the  shaft  is  seven  by  ten  feet  and  well 
timbered,  and  the  entry  seven  by  nine,  and  a  hundred  and  ninety- 
seven  feet  long.  There  is  also  an  eight-horse-power  portable  steam- 
engine,  together  with  hoisting  and  pumping  apparatus.  Several 
thousand  bushels  of  coal  have  already  been  taken  out  and  used  in 
the  county  for  household  and  blacksmithing  purposes. 

The  Upson  Bank. — On  the  Upson  farm,  now  part  of  the  Lin- 
Fig.  78. 


U  P  S  O  N'S      BANK 

LONGITUDINAL         SECTION 


COAL. 


275 


coin  County  Coal  Company's  property,  there  occurs  another  small 
coal-bed,  which  was  opened  in  1868,  and  a  few  hundred  bushels 
taken  out.  The  coal  and  accompanying  shale  and  slate  occupy  a 
small  basin,  in  the  Encrinital  limestone,  on  the  south  bank  of  Coon 
Creek,  in  the  north-western  part  of  Sec.  3,  T.  49,  R.  2,  W. 

Fig.  78  is  a  longitudinal  section  through  the  coal. 

The  coal  was  first  seen  in  the  bed  of  the  creek,  where  it  was 
eleven  feet  thick,  the  upper  two  and  a  half  feet  being  a  cannel.  A 
shaft  was  afterwards  sunk  in  the  bottom  terrace,  and  fourteen  and 
a  half  feet  of  coal  obtained,  at  a  depth  of  seven  feet  from  the  sur- 
face. The  shaft  is  now  full  of  water,  but  Mr.  Upson  reports  the 
following  section  as  appearing  in  the  shaft  :— 

Feet.         Inches. 

Soil  and  chert-gravel 5 

Black  slate '. 2 

Cannel  coal 2  6 

Bituminous  coal 12 

Patches  of  fire-clay  and  black  slate  below. 

This  is  a  sketch  of  a  cross-section  taken  at  this  place  : — 


U   P  S  O  N'S    BANK 


Two  entries  were  subsequently  made  in  the  bank,  the  first  near 
the  shaft  and  the  second  sixty  feet  to  the  east.  In  the  first  coal 
was  found,  and  followed  back  into  the  hill  a  distance  of  thirty  feet. 


276  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

In  the  second  entry  no  cannel  was  found,  and  the  soft  bituminous 
was  only  three  feet  thick  at  the  opening,  increasing  to  six  feet  at  a 
distance  of  twenty.  Higher  up  the  bank  two  pits  were  sunk  to 
ascertain  the  extent  of  the  coal.  In  the  pit  back  of  the  first  entry, 
coal  was  found  at  a  depth  of  seven  feet,  but  in  the  other,  thirty- 
five  feet  to  the  east,  the  limestone  was  reached  at  a  depth  of  twenty 
feet  without  finding  coal.  The  dip  of  the  coal  was  said  to  be  one 
in  ten  to  the  west. 

The  exact  limits  of  the  basin  are  not  seen  on  the  creek,  but  the 
Encrinital  limestone  appears  on  both  sides  of  the  coal,  with  an  in- 
terval of  two  hundred  and  fifty  feet.  On  the  west  side  a  bluff 
twenty  feet  high  occurs  within  fifteen  feet  of  the  shaft,  the  limestone 
dipping  at  an  angle  of  15°  to  S.  50°  E.  In  the  bed  of  the  creek  the 
limestone  also  appears  on  the  west  side  of  the  coal,  with  the  same 
general  dip,  and  forms  a  shield  to  the  coal,  protecting  it  from  the 
erosive  action  of  the  running  water. 

Owing  to  the  condition  of  the  opening,  only  a  few  specimens  of 
the  cannel  coal  could  be  obtained,  of  which  the  following  is  an 
analysis  by  Mr.  Chauvenet :  — 

Water 1.15 

Volatile  matter 41.25 

Fixed  carbon 49.60 

Ash 8.00 

Color  of  ash very  pale  brown    % 

The  amount  of  fixed  carbon  is  very  large  for  a  typical  cannel, 
making  it  resemble  more  nearly  in  composition  the  splint  coals  of 
Scotland,  though  it  has  the  structure  and  appearance  of  a  true  can- 
nel. It  is  compact  and  without  banded  structure,  has  a  smooth, 
conchoidal  fracture,  and  is  of  a  dull,  grayish-black  color. 

On  the  opposite  side  of  Coon  Creek  from  the  Upson  bank,  and 
about  four  hundred  yards  distant,  a  small  branch  enters  the  creek 
from  the  north-west.  The  bottom  of  this  branch  is  about  fifty  feet 
wide,  and  the  banks  rise  abruptly  to  a  height  of  forty  feet  on  both 
sides,  with  the  Encrinital  limestone  cropping  out  at  intervals.  A 
few  years  ago,  a  hole  was  bored  in  the  bottom  on  the  west  side 
to  a  depth  of  twenty-six  feet,  of  which  twenty-one  feet  were  in 
coal,  with  four  feet  of  black  slate  above.  On  the  opposite  side  of 
the  branch  a  pit  was  sunk,  and  twenty-two  feet  of  coal  obtained, 


COAL.  277 

while  one  hundred  feet  to  the  south  only  four  feet  of  coal  were 
found.  About  six  hundred  bushels  of  coal  were  taken  out  when 
these  pits  were  first  opened  ;  they  are  now,  however,  filled  up,  and 
nothing  is  to  be  seen  of  the  character  of  the  coal.  The  whole  de- 
posit seems  to  be  the  remnant  of  some  larger  one  left  in  the  ravine, 
and  protected  by  the  limestone  bluffs,  on  both  sides,  from  the  ero- 
sion which  has  swept  away  the  main  body  of  the  coal.  The  chan- 
nel of  the  branch  was  probably  on  the  east  side  of  the  bottom  at 
some  previous  time,  and  cut  out  the  greater  part  of  the  coal  there, 
leaving  but  the  four  feet  found  in  the  second  pit,  or  even  less, 
farther  east. 

On  the  land  of  Wm.  Elmore,  near  the  centre  of  Sec.  3,  T.  48,  R. 
2,  W. ,  on  the  south  side  of  Coon  Creek,  there  occurs  another  pocket, 
from  which  coal  was  taken  out  twenty-five  years  ago.  In  tlie  slope 
of  the  bank  a  small  depression  marks  the  place  where  an  entry  was 
made  to  the  coal,  and  fifty  feet  west  of  this  a  pit  was  dug  two 
years  ago  by  the  Lincoln  County  Coal  Company,  and  a  small  amount 
of  coal  taken  out.  The  whole  deposit  occupies  a  triangular-shaped 
basin,  bounded  by  high  and  steep  banks,  from  which  the  Encrinital 
limestone  crops  out,  and  which  meet  at  a  distance  of  about  three 
hundred  feet  back  from  the  creek.  A  small  branch  flows  down 
from  the  prairie  through  this  valley,  and  has  in  places  washed  away 
the  soil,  disclosing  the  black  slate  below.  The  width  of  this  basin 
on  Coon  Creek  is  about  one  hundred  and  eighty  feet.  How  much 
of  it  is  occupied  by  the  coal  it  is  impossible,  without  boring,  to 
tell. 

In  Sec.  — ,  T.  4,  R. — ,  W. ,  black  slate  is  seen  cropping  out  in  the 
high  bank  on  the  south  side  of  Coon  Creek.  Coal  may  also  occur  at 
this  place,  but  it  will  be  in  limited  quantities,  as  the  Encrinital  lime- 
stone crops  out  of  the  bank,  with  an  interval  of  only  one  hundred 
feet  between. 

At  several  places  along  the  bottoms  of  Coon  Creek,  shale  and  slate 
of  the  coal-measures  have  been  found,  and  a  number  of  pits  have 
been  sunk  in  search  of  coal.  These  places  are  indicated  on  the 
map  of  that  region  accompanying  this  report.  In  a  few  of  these 
pits  coal  has  been  found,  but  in  thin  beds  and  of  very  inferior 
quality. 

In  other  parts  of  the  county,  deposits  of  coal  similar  to  these 
already  described  have  been  found,  and  worked  to  some  extent. 


2/8 


GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY, 


The  sketch  below  represents  the  occurrence  of  coal  at  Drunert's 
farm,  in  the  north-west  quarter  of  Sec.  12,  T.  48,  R.  3,  W. 


DRUNERTS      PLACE 


The  shaft  was  sunk  about  half-way  down  the  slope  from  the 
prairie  to  the  bottom  of  Rocky  Branch,  where  a  light-gray  shale 
crops  out.  The  well,  a  section  of  which  is  given  above,  was  dug 
on  the  top  of  the  prairie,  and  the  Encrinital  limestone  found  at  the 
bottom.  This  limestone  crops  out  in  the  slopes  of  the  ravine,  on 
three  sides  of  the  shaft,  at  a  distance  of  one  to  three  hundred  feet, 
showing  the  deposit  to  be  quite  limited  in  extent. 

In  Sec.  25,  T.  48,  R.  2,  W.,  at  the  head  of  a  branch  running 
north  into  Big  Creek,  and  one  mile  from  the  latter,  coal  was  taken 
out,  but  it  was  found  to  be  a  very  small  deposit. 

The  bed  of  the  stream  is  narrow  at  this  place,  and  the  banks  rise 
rapidly  to  the  prairie  above.  Coal  and  shale  appear  in  the  bed  of 
the  branch,  the  former  being  only  a  few  inches  thick,  and  very 
much  distorted.  A  shaft  was  sunk  many  years  ago,  in  which,  it  is 
reported,  eighteen  inches  of  coal  was  found,  of  very  good  quality. 
An  entry  was  worked  into  the  hill  a  distance  of  twenty  feet,  and 
the  coal  at  that  point  was  cut  off  by  the  limestone. 

In  the  north-east  quarter  of  Sec.  35,  on  the  Thurman  tract,  a  bed 
of  coal  seven  feet  thick  was  worked  for  a  short  time.  At  other 
places  also,  in  this  neighborhood,  small  deposits  occur,  which  have 


COAL.  279 

at  various  times  furnished  coal,  from  a  few  bushels  to  several  wagon- 
loads  in  amount.  They  occur  generally  near  the  heads  of  the  small 
branches  running  into  Big  Creek,  and  are  very  limited  in  extent, 
the  Encrinital  limestone  cropping  out  near  them. 

A  mile  or  two  south  of  this  region,  in  Warren  County,  there  is  a 
larger  coal-bank,  known  as  the  Hines  Bank,  which  has  produced  a 
considerable  amount  of  coal,  and  is  now  supplying  the  neighborhood. 
The  coal  is  said  to  be  twenty-three  feet  thick,  six  feet  left  in  the  bot- 
tom on  account  of  trouble  in  draining,  ten  feet  being  worked  out,  and 
seven  feet  left  overhead  to  support  the  yielding  beds  of  gravel  and 
clay  above.  The  coal  is  very  much  disturbed,  pitching  in  all  di- 
rections and  at  all  angles.  It  is  all  contained  in  a  depression  in  the 
Encrinital  limestone,  one  hundred  and  eighty  feet  wide,  along  the 
Hickory  Branch.  The  distance  to  which  it  extends  from  the  branch 
could  not  be  ascertained  with  any  certainty,  but  it  is  probably  not 
great.  Limestone  and  chert  fragments  appear  in  the  floor  at  the 
rear  end  of  the  working,  as  if  thrust  through  the  coal. 

An  analysis  of  an  average  sample  of  this  coal,  made  by  Mr. 
Chauvenet,  is  given  below  : — 

Water 6.75 

Volatile  matter 36.40 

Fixed  carbon  - 45-75 

Ash 1 1 . 10 

Color  of  ash reddish  brown 

Sulphur 2.23 

Iron  (metallic) 5.21 

In  the  eastern  part  of  the  county,  in  Sec.  4,  T.  49,  R.  I,  E.,  coal 
has  been  found  on  the  land  of  Mr.  I.  I.  Alexander,  but  in  very 
small  quantity.  It  occurs  in  the  bed  of  a  small  branch,  accompanied 
with  a  few  inches  of  slate.  The  limestone  appears  on  all  sides  of 
and  within  a  few  feet  of  it,  showing  it  to  be  very  limited  in  extent. 
This  is  the  only  deposit  of  this  kind  found  on  the  east  side  of 
Cuivre  River. 

From  the  description  here  given  of  this  interesting  class  of  coal 
deposits,  the  following  general  features  may  be  noted  : — 

1st.  The  occurrence  of  the  coal  in  isolated  masses,  often  of 
great  thickness,  associated  with  thin  strata  of  shales,  slate  and  fire- 


280  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

clay,  containing  a  few  fossils,  but  identical  with  those  of  the  coal- 
measures. 

2d.  These  beds  of  coal   are   only  found    along   the   valleys    of 
streams  and  branches,  either  in  the  bottoms  or  in  the  sloping  banks. 

3d.  They  occur  in  depressions  or  previously  excavated  basins 
and  cuts  in  the  Subcarboniferous  limestone. 

4th.  The  coal  and  accompanying  strata  are  always  more  or  less 
disturbed  from  their  original  horizontal  position. 

It  would  appear,  then,  that  the  Coal-measure  formation  at  one 
time  covered  a  very  much  larger  area  in  Lincoln  County  than  at 
present,  occupying  previously  excavated  basins  or  troughs  in  the 
Subcarboniferous  limestone,  corresponding  in  general  with  the  pres- 
ent main  valleys,  though  broader  and  less  deeply  cut ;  or  per- 
haps filling  a  greater  basin,  of  which  the  great  anticlinal  arch  run- 
ning north  and  south  through  the  county  formed  the  eastern  rim  ; 
or  even  that  the  formation  was  continuous  with  that  in  Illinois,  and 
covered  what  is  now  part  of  the  Mississippi  valley.  Whatever 
might  have  been  the  extent  of  this  coal-area,  it  was  doubtless  much 
greater  than  it  is  at  present,  and  the  main  part  has  been  removed 
by  aqueous  erosion.  Along  favorable  lines  of  drainage,  streams 
found  and  subsequently  cut  for  themselves  deep  channels  through 
the  soft  and  easily  decomposed  strata  of  the  Coal-measures.  Grad- 
ually, by  the  undermining  of  the  beds,  the  coal;  etc.,  above,  would  slide 
or  fall  down  the  slopes  in  masses,  inclining  at  various  angles.  By 
the  continued  action  of  the  eroding  waters  most  of  the  formation 
would  be  swept  away,  leaving  only  such  portions  as  happened  to 
have  lodged  in  side-cuts  and  troughs,  and  were  protected  by  the 
more  durable  walls  of  limestone  on  both  sides — as  we  now  find 
them. 

With  regard  to  the  amount  and  value  of  the  coal  of  Lincoln 
County,  it  must  be  said  that  they  have  been  somewhat  overes- 
timated. The  volume  of  coal  in  the  largest  deposits,  namely, 
Link's,  Upson's,  and  Baker's,  may  be  determined  approximately  by 
a  measurement  of  their  basins  as  limited  by  the  Encrinital  limestone 
and  the  probable  average  thickness  of  the  coal.  By  allowing  one 
cubic  yard  to  the  ton,  there  will  result  for — 

Link's 22,220  tons  of  coal. 

Upson's 7,46o  " 

Baker's   3,730 


COAL.  28l 

These  are  the  maximum  amounts,  and  probably  are  somewhat 
over  the  true  figures.  The  deposits  are  separated  from  each 
other  by  a  distance  of  one  to  three  miles,  and  are  six  to  eight 
miles  from  the  nearest  railroad  (now  in  course  of  construction). 
There  is  sufficient  coal  of  good  quality  to  supply  the  home  wants 
of  the  county  for  some  time  to  come,  and  for  such  purposes  it  can 
be  profitably  used.  The  incurring  of  a  great  expense,  however,  in 
the  construction  of  a  branch  railroad,  and  extensive  mining  opera- 
tions for  such  an  amount  of  coal,  the  best  of  which  contains  from 
six  to  twelve  per  cent,  of  ash  and  over  two  per  cent,  of  sulphur, 
would  be,  to  say  the  least,  unwise.  Already  a  large  amount  of 
money  has  been  expended  without  resulting  in  any  substantial 
benefit  to  the  county.  The  "  Lincoln  County  Coal  Company  "  has 
about  twelve  thousand  acres  — mostly  of  prairie-land — and  has  been 
engaged  during  the  past  two  years  in  boring  for  coal  on  the  prairie, 
to  a  depth  of  nearly  four  hundred  feet  in  the  Encrinital  limestone, 
which  is,  geologically,  over  five  hundred  feet  belozv  the  Coal- 
measures.  The  "  Lincoln  County  Coal-Mining  and  Transportation 
Company,"  holding  a  large  tract  of  land,  has  made  preliminary 
surveys  for  a  line  of  railroad  from  Pendleton  on  the  St.  L.,  K.  and 
N.  R.  R.,  through  the  above-described  coal  region,  to  Cap  au 
Ores  on  the  Mississippi,  a  distance  of  thirty  miles  or  more,  for  the 
better  development  of  their  coal  property. 

The  excitement  has  thus  been  kept  up  for  several  years,  and  an 
undue  importance  attached  to  the  coal  deposits  by  the  inhabitants 
of  the  county,  while  there  are  other  stores  that  await  development. 
Occupying  such  a  favorable  position  on  the  Mississippi,  traversed 
by  two  independent  lines  of  railroad,  and  all  within  seventy  miles 
of  a  great  and  insatiable  market,  Lincoln  County  will  find  in  her 
fertile  soils  a  more  certain  source  of  wealth  and  prosperity.  With 
a  reasonable  display  of  energy,  and  with  labor  properly  directed, 
she  ought  soon  to  occupy  an  important  position  as  an  agricultural 
county,  and  such  as  will  compensate  her  largely  for  the  loss  of  those 
stores  of  which  she  has  been  deprived  by  erosive  agency. 

Iron-Ore. — Iron-ore  of  excellent  quality  occurs  in  Lincoln  County 
to  a  considerable  extent,  but  the  character  of  the  deposits  renders 
it  improbable  that  it  can  ever  be  the  source  of  an  extended  industry. 
After  the  completion  of  the  railroads  now  in  process  of  construction 
through  the  county,  however,  and  with  the  consequent  increased 


282  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

facilities  of  transportation,  a  large  part  of  this  ore  maybe  profitably 
shipped  to  neighboring  metallurgical  centres,  and  there  command 
a  good  price. 

These  ores  may  be  divided  into  two  general  classes,  according  to 
their  character  and  their  modes  of  occurrence. 

I.  Brown,  hydrous  oxides,  occurring  in  crevices  and  irregular 
cavities  in  the  Upper  Trenton  limestone. 

II.  Compact  red  hematite,  in  loose  masses,  scattered  over  the 
surface  in  various  parts  of  the  county. 

The  ores  of  Class  I.  are  limited  to  T.  50,  R.  i,  W.,  as  far  as  ob- 
served. On  the  land  known  as  the  Morris  tract,  several  ex- 
cavations were  made  a  year  ago,  in  one  of  which  a  considerable 
amount  of  ore  was  found.  This  occurs  on  a  ridge  north  of  Fort 
Spring  Branch,  in  the  Receptaculite  limestone  of  the  Upper  Tren- 
ton. A  section  of  the  strata  at  this  place  ha's  already  been  given, 
on  page  237. 

The  annexed  sketch  (see  Fig.  81,  next  page),  which  represents  a 
section  through  the  bed,  will  show,  better  than  a  mere  description, 
the  character  of  the  deposit. 

The  depth  of  the  cavity  is  twenty-two  feet,  and  at  the  bottom  a 
small  passage  leads  off  at  right  angles  a  distance  of  five  feet.  (A)  re- 
presents the  Receptaculite  limestone,  and  (B),  at  the  surface,  a  layer 
sibarytes  or  heavy -spar,  from  one  to  one  and  a  half  feet  thick,  the 
upper  part  in  large  crystalline  masses  with  well-developed  crystals 
in  the  cavities,  also  a  small  amount  of  galena.  The  lower  part  is 
highly  charged  with  oxide  of  iron,  which  increases  in  amount,  the 
layer  passing  gradually  into  (C),  an  ochrey-brown,  hydrated  per- 
oxide of  iron,  quite  compact,  containing  a  little  barytes.  An 
analysis  of  an  average  sample  from  this  layer  afforded  Mr.  Chau- 
venet  63. 12  per  cent,  of  peroxide  of  iron.  The  layer  is  about  three 
feet  and  a  half  thick. 

Below  this  occurs  five  feet  of  (D)  hard  and  somewhat  cellular, 
dark-brown  peroxide,  with  slightly  iridescent  surface,  and  contain- 
ing compact,  bright-red  peroxide  intermixed.  It  contains,  by 
analysis,  79.64  per  cent,  peroxide  of  iron  and  15.42  per  cent,  of 
insoluble  matter,  mostly  silica.  This  layer  passes  gradually  into 
(E),  a  very  hard,  cellular,  dark-brown  and  red  hematite  mixed,  con- 
taining in  some  of  the  cells  a  thin,  ochrey  deposit.  It  extends 
to  the  limestone  below,  and  has  a  thickness  of  about  seven  feet. 


JROi\-ORE. 


283 


The  amount  of  peroxide   of   iron    reaches  as    high  as  84.30  per 
cent. 

Fig.  81. 


MORRIS     IRON    OKEBANK 

The  greatest  diameter  of  this  deposit  is  about  twenty  and  its 
shortest  eight  feet.  Nearly  half  of  the  ore  has  already  been  taken 
out,  and  lies  heaped  up  near  the  opening.  For  a  distance  of  a 
mile  and  a  half  along  this  ridge  three  other  similar  deposits  were 
recognized,  by  the  outcrop  of  masses  of  the  hydrated  peroxide, 
but  they  are  all  limited  in  extent.  This  region  is  within  two  miles 
of  the  St.  Louis  &  Keokuk  Railroad,  now  being  constructed. 

The  ores  placed  in  Class  II.  occur  in  many  parts  of  the  county,  as 
will  be  seen  by  reference  to  the  map,  but  they  are  most  abundant 
in  that  part  between  Big  Dry  Branch  and  Lead  Creek.  The  ore  is 
a  hard,  compact,  red  hematite,  found  in  pieces,  more  or  less  flat  in 
shape,  from  one  to  three  inches  thick  and  weighing  from  one  to 


284  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

one  hundred  pounds.  These  fragments  lie  scattered  over  the  sur- 
face in  broad,  imperfectly  defined  streams,  generally  independent  of 
the  present  topography,  though  a  larger  amount  is  often  found  ac- 
cumulated in  the  ravines  and  beds  of  streams.  In  such  places  the 
fragments  are  generally  smaller  and  more  or  less  completely 
smoothed  and  rounded,  while  on  the  ridges  larger  pieces  occur, 
with  well-defined  edges  and  angles,  on  the  top  of  the  ground  or  dis- 
tributed through  the  soil  and  gravel  down  to  the  limestone,  but  in 
no  case  in  the  latter.  The  underlying  limestone  is  generally  the  Ar- 
chimedes, though  it  is  frequently  the  Encrinital.  There  is  no  direct 
connection  between  the  ore  and  the  limestone.  Many  pits  have 
been  sunk  where  the  ore  is  most  thickly  scattered,  and  it  is  found  to 
give  out  on  reaching  the  limestone. 

The  ore,  though  in  some  cases  rather  too  silicious,  is  generally  of 
excellent  quality,  as  appears  in  an  analysis  made  by  Mr.  Chauvenet 
of  an  average  sample  :  — 

(No.   i.) 

Insoluble  silicious  matter 7-55 

Peroxide  of  iron ' 91-95 

Sulphur 0.017 

Phosphorus .   o.oio 

Metallic  iron 64.36  per  cent. 

Two  other  samples  from  different  localities  afforded — 

(No.  2.)  (No.   3.) 

Insoluble  silicious  matter 1 1.66 4. 10 

Peroxide  of  iron 86.56....   92.32 

(Metallic  iron) (60.59).  •  •   (66.72) 

This  ore  is  spread  over  many  square  miles  of  surface,  and  in 
varying  quantities  ;  at  some  places  a  few  scattered  masses  occur,  and 
at  others  the  yield  would  be  over  a  hundred  tons  to  the  acre.  The 
greater  part  occurs  within  five  or  six  miles  of  the  St.  L.  &  K.  R.  R., 
and  much  of  it  considerably  nearer.  At  some  time  it  may  be  found 
profitable  to  gather  this  ore  and  ship  it  to  neighboring  iron-works, 
and  this  could  be  done  with  but  little  expense.  A  large  outlay  for 
the  utilization  of  this  material  would  not  be  justifiable. 

These  fragmentary  masses  of  iron-ore  seem  to  have  been  de- 
rived from  some  higher  formation,  in  which  the  original  beds  of 
ore  existed.  Whether  this  formation  was  one  of  the  upper  lime- 


BUILDING  MATERIALS.  285 

stones  of  the  Subcarboniferous  series  or  the  Ferruginous  sandstone, 
or  of  the  Coal-measures,  it  would  be  difficult  to  determine  ;  it  was, 
however,  more  recent  than  the  lower  Archimedes  limestone. 

This  formation,  which  originally  contained  the  beds  of  ore,  has 
since  passed  away  through  the  action  of  erosive  agencies,  leaving 
the  heavy  and  more  durable  ore  behind.  From  the  sharp  and  well- 
defined  outlines  of  the  fragments  it  is  very  improbable  that  this  ore 
could  have  been  transported  any  distance. 

Lead. — The  opinion  is  prevalent  in  Lincoln  County  that  lead 
occurs  there  in  large  quantities.  Stories  are  still  told,  by  old  inhab- 
itants, of  large  deposits  seen  when  the  county  was  first  settled.  The 
Indians  were  said  to  have  had  knowledge  of  these,  and  to  have 
brought  into  the  settlements  several  hundred  pounds  of  lead  at  a 
time,  but  were  unwilling  to  disclose  the  places  at  which  it  was  ob- 
tained. It  is  supposed  that  the  north-western  was  the  favored  part 
of  the  county  in  this  respect,  and  the  name  of  Lead  Creek  was  given 
by  the  early  settlers  to  one  of  the  streams  in  that  region. 

There  seem  to  be  no  indications,  however,  of  the  existence  of 
lead  in  any  great  quantity.  Small  crystals  of  galena  were  occa- 
sionally observed  in  the  silicious  and  calcareous  geodes  of  the  Archi- 
medes limestone,  also  in  the  Receptaculite  limestone  of  the  Upper 
Trenton,  associated  with  heavy-spar,  as  at  the  Morris  iron-ore 
shaft,  already  described.  A  careful  search  at  the  latter  place 
afforded  only  a  few  ounces  of  galena,  although  the  heavy-spar  oc- 
curs in  considerable  quantity,  covering  the  deposit  of  iron-ore. 

Building  Material. — Abundant  and  excellent  material  for  building 
purposes  occurs  in  the  county,  though  little  has  as  yet  been  done 
toward  utilizing  it. 

In  various  parts  of  the  Trenton  limestone  there  are  beds  from 
which  stone  of  almost  any  required  size,  pleasing  in  appearance 
and  durable,  might  be  obtained.  The  beds  of  the  Lower  Trenton 
are  generally  not  so  thick  as  in  the  upper,  being  from  ten  to  twenty- 
five  inches  thick.  They  are  of  light-gray  or  drab  color,  fine  crys 
talline,  or  very  compact,  in  some  cases  resembling  a  marble.  At 
Dameron's,  in  T.  51,  R.  i,  E.,  and  north-east  quarter  Sec.  16,  on 
a  small  branch  of  Bryant's  Creek,  is  a  quarry  worked  in  these  beds. 
There  are  four  workable  layers,  each  ten  to  fifteen  inches  thick,  ex- 
posed in  the  quarry  face,  of  a  light  yellowish-gray  color,  very  hard 
and  compact,  and  with  a  smooth,  conchoidal  fracture.  The  quarry 


286  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

has  been  opened  about  twelve  years,  but  owing  to  the  very  limited 
demand  for  the  stone  in  the  neighborhood  but  little  has  been  done 
in  developing  it.  Some  years  ago  a  lime-kiln  was  erected  for  the 
purpose  of  producing  lime  from  this  stone,  but  the  attempt  failed, 
the  limestone  being  too  silicious. 

Some  of  the  beds  of  the  Upper  Trenton  would  furnish  desirable 
building- stone  of  any  size,  of  bluish-gray  and  sometimes  nearly 
white  crystalline  limestone.  On  Fort  Spring  Branch,  in  T.  50,  R. 
I,  W.,  there  is  a  fine  exposure  of  these  beds  sixty  feet  thick,  also 
in  the  Mississippi  bluffs  south  of  Bill's  Branch.  Some  of  the  layers 
are  thin  and  shelly,  but  in  the  main  the  beds  are  thick  and  massive. 

The  impure  magnesian  beds  of  the  upper  part  of  the  Hudson 
group,  as  they  occur  in  the  knobs  of  the  north-eastern  part  of  the 
county,  are  quarried  for  fire-rock.  The  stone,  when  first  taken  out, 
is  soft  and  earthy,  of  a  light  yellowish  color,  resembling  the  1st 
Magnesian.  It  is  not  sufficiently  firm  in  texture  to  make  a  durable 
building-stone  for  outside  work,  but  serves  very  well  for  chimneys 
and  fireplaces.  The  upper  part  of  the  Chouteau  and  the  thin  bed 
of  Onondaga  limestone  are  also  used  for  this  purpose,  in  the  north- 
eastern townships. 

The  Encrinital  limestone  affords  a  large  amount  of  suitable 
building  material,  the  coarse,  crystalline,  gray  and  buff-colored, 
thick  beds,  being  well  adapted  for  the  purposes  of  ordinary  masonry, 
and  the  purer,  white  crystalline  making  a  handsome  and  durable 
ornamental  building-stone.  At  Heady's  quarry,  Sec.  10,  T.  48, 
R.  i,  W.,  these  latter  beds  are  worked.  They  consist  of  four 
layers  of  hard,  white,  crystalline  limestone,  with  some  crinoid 
stems  scattered  through  the  mass.  The  thickness  of  these  layers 
is,  beginning  with  the  lowest,  ten,  fourteen,  eight  and  sixteen 
inches,  and  are  exposed  in  the  quarry  for  a  distance  of  fifty  feet. 

At  Smith's  quarry,  half  a  mile  north  of  the  mouth  of  Big  Creek, 
this  formation  is  worked.  The  stone  is  gray  crystalline,  firm  and 
homogeneous  in  texture,  and  occurs  in  two  layers,  ten  and  fourteen 
inches  thick.  This  stone  is  used  for  the  construction  of  the  rail- 
road bridge  across  Cuivre  River. 

Brown's  quarry,  near  Troy,  is  worked  in  the  thin,  argillaceous 
beds  of  the  middle  Encrinital.  A  moderately  good  flagging  is  ob- 
tained, also  from  the  thicker  beds  good  foundation  stone. 

There  are  many  other  small  quarries  opened  in  the  Encrinital 


LIME.  287 

limestone  in  various  parts  of  the  county,  but  the  material  is  only 
used  in  limited  quantities  in  the  neighborhood. 

The  Archimedes  limestone  furnishes  good  building-stone,  and 
the  largest  quarry  is  worked  in  it  on  Mr.  John  Birkhead's  land,  in 
T.  49,  R.  I,  E.  The  stone  is  a  conglomerate  limestone,  very 
firm  in  texture,  and  occurring  in  three  layers  from  six  to  ten  inches 
thick.  This  is  used  largely  in  Troy  for  basework,  sills  and  cap- 
stones. 

North  of  Moscow,  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Cuivre,  a  quarry  has 
been  opened  forty  feet  long,  with  an  exposure  of  twelve  feet  of 
hard,  crystalline,  bluish-gray  limestone,  in  layers  from  six  to  fifteen 
inches  thick.  There  are  many  places  where  stone  could  be  got  of 
much  greater  thickness,  but  for  local  building  purposes  the  thin- 
ner and  more  easily  worked  beds  seem  to  be  preferred. 

In  the  St.  Louis  limestone  no  systematic  quarrying  has  been 
done  in  the  county,  though  stone  of  almost  any  dimensions  and  of 
excellent  quality  might  readily  be  obtained  from  it.  The  ridges 
along  Bob's  Creek  and  Bushy  Fork  are  points  very  favorably  situa- 
ted for  developing  good  quarries  ;  also  in  the  Mississippi  bluffs 
south  of  Bob's  Creek. 

Lime,  etc. — The  county  is  plentifully  supplied  with  limestone 
suitable  for  making  quick-lime  of  excellent  quality.  In  the  Trenton, 
Encrinital,  Archimedes  and  St.  Louis  limestones  there  are  many 
beds  of  nearly  pure  carbonate  of  lime.  Nothing  has  been  done  as 
yet  in  the  manufacture  of  lime  on  an  extended  scale,  only  a  suf- 
ficient amount  being  produced  to  meet  a  limited  local  demand. 

In  the  regular  Coal-measure  series  a  hydraulic  limestone  occurs, 
with  a  thickness  of  four  to  six  feet.  The  following  is  an  analysis 
made  of  it  by  Mr.  Chauvenet  :— 

Silica 21.35 

Peroxide  of  iron   1 . 79 

Lime .42.16 

Magnesia 0.66 

Carbonic  acid 34-14 


100.10 


The  amount  of  carbonate  of  lime  is  rather  large,  in  proportion  to 
the  carbonate  of  magnesia  present,  to  make  a  good  hydraulic  lime- 


288  GEOLOGY  OF  LINCOLN  COUNTY. 

stone  ;  there  is  a  notable  absence  of  alumina  also.  From  practical 
tests  already  made,  this  lime  is  found  to  have  hydraulic  properties, 
though  in  an  inferior  degree.  Samples  from  other  localities  have 
yet  to  be  examined,  and  these  may  prove  to  be  of  better  quality. 

Clays. — Fire-clays  occur  with  most  of  the  coal-beds  in  the  county, 
though  generally  in  limited  quantities.  That  found  at  Baker's  shaft 
has  attracted  some  interest,  being  from  four  to  five  feet  thick.  An 
analysis  afforded  Mr.  Chauvenet — 

Silica 34-4O 

Alumina  and  traces  of  iron 18.62 

Lime 1 5 . 27 

Magnesia 6.25 

Loss  by  ignition,  water  and  carbonic  acid.  .23.08 


97.62 
Loss,  including  alkalies 2.38 

The  small  percentage  of  silica  and  alumina  in  this  clay  renders  it 
unfit  for  fire-brick.  Its  composition  is  more  nearly  that  of  common 
brick-clay.  At  Meadows's  bank,  in  the  regular  coal-field,  fire-clay 
occurs  under  the  coal  several  feet  in  thickness,  which  seems  to  be 
better  adapted  for  the  making  of  a  good  fire-brick. 

In  several  places  a  white,  soft  clay  occurs  in  small  depressions  and 
cavities  in  the  limestone,  or  along  the  beds  of  streams.  It  seems  to 
have  resulted  from  the  decomposition  of  the  chert  and  surrounding 
limestone.  Two  analyses  are  given  below  of  samples  obtained  from 
near  the  Morris  shaft,  in  the  Receptaculite  limestone,  and  from  Mr. 
Colbert's  land,  where  it  is  associated  with  the  Encrinital  lime- 
stone : — 

(Morris.)  (Colbert.) 

Hygroscopic  water 1.46 

Combined           "     3.05 

Silica 72.35 

Alumina 1 5 . 86 

Iron 2.25 

Magnesia i  .48 

Lime 1 .09 

Loss,  including  alkalies.  .....   2.46 

100.  100. 


GLASS-SAND.  289 

These  clays  are  used  occasionally  as  a  whitewash. 

Glass-Sand. — The  Saccharoidal  sandstone,  as  it  occurs  in  some 
parts  of  the  county,  will  furnish  abundant  and  excellent  material  for 
the  manufacture  of  the  best  quality  of  glass.  Along  the  Mississippi 
bluffs  and  on  Sandy  Creek  it  is  generally  more  or  less  colored  by  ox- 
ide of  iron,  but  in  the  interior  of  the  county,  on  the  upper  branches 
of  Mill  Creek,  it  is  exposed  in  heavy  beds  and  of  great  purity. 

A  specimen  taken  from  an  exposed  bluff  on  the  South  Branch,  in 
Sec.  33,  T.  51,  R.  I,  W.,  afforded  Mr.  Chauvenet  the  following: — 

Silica 99-55 

Alumina 0.33 

Iron trace 

Lime 0.08 

Water 0.015 


99-975 

The  formation  has  at  this  place  a  thickness  of  thirty-five  feet,  and 
is,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  feet  at  the  top,  all  of  pure  white  sand. 
Its  outcrop  and  general  features  have  been  given  already  in  a  pre- 
vious part  of  this  report.  Vast  quantities  can  be  obtained  within 

three  miles  of  a  station  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Keokuk  Railroad. 

f 

19 


CHAPTER  IX. 
GEOLOGY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

BY 
G.     C.     BROADHEAD. 

LIVINGSTON  COUNTY  has  an  area  of  about  532  square  miles.  Its 
surface  is  either  very  gently  undulating  or  rolling.  The  area  of 
broken  land  is  very  limited.  West  of  the  East  Fork  of  Grand  River, 
in  Township  59,  the  county  is  somewhat  broken  for  the  distance  of 
one  mile  and  a  half  from  the  bluffs,  also  near  the  heads  of  the 
various  streams  in  Township  59,  Range  25  ;  but  none  of  the  hills 
exceed  120  feet  in  height.  The  south-east  part  of  the  county,  lying 
west  of  Grand,  for  the  distance  of  a  mile  is  somewhat  broken,  but 
not  so  much  as  the  north-west  part,  for  the  hills  are  less  than  100 
feet  in  height.  On  the  east  side  of  Medicine  Creek,  near  Collins's 
mill,  "and  on  the  west,  near  Slagel's  old  mill,"  the  country  is  some- 
what hilly,  but  the  hills  do  not  exceed  60  feet  in  height.  The  most 
broken  portion  of  the  county,  and  where  the  hills  are  highest,  is  in 
Range 25  on  the  south  side  of  the  west  fork  of  Grand  River,  extend- 
ing from  a  half-mile  to  three-quarters  from  the  river,  at  which  dis- 
tance the  hills  attain  an  elevation  of  225  feet  above  the  river  ;  south- 
ward it  is  gently  rolling. 

North  of  Chillicothe  the  county  attains  an  elevation  of  155  feet 
above  Grand  River.  Everywhere  else  the  slopes  are  very  gentle  ; 
the  country  is  gently  undulating,  and  lies  well  for  beautiful  farms. 
The  bottoms  are  wide,  those  of  Grand  River  and  Shoal  Creek  flat, 
and  are  from  two  to  three  miles  in  width,  flanked  on  one  side  by  low 
bluffs,  and  on  the  other  rising  almost  imperceptibly  by  gentle  slopes  to 
the  neighboring  uplands.  The  bottoms  of  Medicine  Creek  are  from 
one  to  one  and  a  half  miles  in  width  ;  those  of  the  other  streams  are 
much  narrower.  Those  on  the  west  side  of  Grand  River,  in  Town- 
ship 59,  Range  25,  have  scarcely  any  bottoms,  but  have  steep  bluffs. 

Timber  and  Prairie. — There  is  a  good  deal  of  timber  in  this 
county,  some  of  a  very  good  kind.  The  best  and  most  abundant 


LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 


291 


supplies  of  timber  lie  between  the  East  and  West  Forks  of  Grand 
River,  where  the  growth  is  black  oak,  small  white  oak,  shell-bark 
hickory,  red-chestnut  oak,  white  oak,  also  crabapple,  coffee-tree,  red- 
bud,  ash,  blackberry,  raspberry,  gooseberry,  Celastrus  scandens  or 
bitter-sweet,  mulberry,  Cornus  asperifolia,  white  elm,  red  elm, 
prickly  ash,  hazel,  black-haw,  pignut-hickory,  sumach,  coralberry. 
Near  the  edges  of  the  prairies  are  pin  oak,  hazel,  plum,  and  Cornus 
asperifolia,  or  rough-leaved  dogwood,  also  wild  cherry,  laurel  oak, 
rose,  coralberry.  On  prairies  Phlox  Walteri,  Viola  delphinifolia, 
V.  lanceolate,  and  on  sandy  bottoms  V.  sagittata.  A  few  pecan 
trees  were  observed  on  Grand  River  bottoms  ;  none  were  observed 
in  any  county  north.  In  other  parts  of  the  county  the  timber  is 
mostly  confined  to  the  vicinity  of  the  streams. 

The  prairie  generally  extends  over  the  ridges  and  often  across  the 
wide  flat  bottoms. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  trees,  shrubs,  and  some  plants  seen  in 
Livingston  County : — 

Crabapple.  Hackberry. 

Wild  ginger.  Hazel. 

White  ash.  Black  haw. 

Prickly  ash.  Red  haw. 

Red  birch.  Gooseberry. 

Blackberry.  Shell -bark  hickory. 

Dewberry.  Thick  shell-bark  hickory. 

Buckeye.  Pignut  hickory. 

Box  elder.  Pecan  hickory. 

Bitter  sweet.  Honeysuckle. 

Button  bush.  Blue  "flag. 

Coralberry.  Iron  weed. 

Black  cherry.  Honey  locust. 

Choke  cherry.  Linden. 

Coffee  tree.  Sugar  maple. 

Red  root.  White  maple. 

Adder's  tongue.  Mulberry. 

Common  elder.  White  oak. 

White  elm.  Burr  oak. 

Red  elm.  Post  oak. 

Winter  grape.  Small  white  oak. 

Greenbrier.  Red-chestnut  oak. 

Spanish  oak.  Chinquepin  oak. 

Laurel  oak.  Black  oak. 


292  GEOL OG Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

Jacob's  ladder.  Red  oak. 

Rose.  Pin  oak. 

Raspberry.  Serviceberry. 

Sycamore.  Wahoo. 

Sumach.  Thorn. 

Poison  oak.  Black  walnut. 

Fragrant  sumach.  Willow. 

Geranium  maculatum.  Cornus  asperifolia. 

Viola  (5  species).  Phlox  (2  sp.). 

Streams. — Grand  River  flows  through  the  county  from  north- 
west to  south-east  ;  near  the  centre  of  the  county  it  receives  the 
West  Fork.  These  streams  are  broad  and  deep,  and  cannot  gene- 
rally be  forded.  Medicine  Creek  in  the  east,  and  Shoal  Creek  in 
the  south-west,  are  both  large  streams,  and  are  often  too  full  to  be 
easily  forded.  They  furnish  good  power  for  water-mills.  There 
are  many  other  small  streams,  but  their  utility  is  insignificant. 

Geology. —  Quaternary  Deposits. — The  Alhivium  was  recog- 
nized in  the  rich  soils  and  the  river  deposits. 

Bottom  Prairie  includes  the  dark  and  ferruginous  clay  of  the  ex- 
tensive bottom  lands. 

The  Bluff  or  Loess  may  include  the  subsoil  of  the  uplands. 

Drift. — At  Spring  Hill  we  observed  forty  feet  of  sand,  clay  and 
bowlders,  the  upper  part  probably  "  bluff,"  the  lower  part  com- 
posed of  ferruginous  sand  and  loose  conglomerate  of  trappean 
rocks,  limestone,  sandstone,  and  pieces  of  coal — the  interstices  filled 
with  fine-grained  sand.  A  portion  of  the  conglomerate  is  derived 
from  the  underlying  rocks.  On  the  main  road,  three  miles  west  of 
Spring  Hill,  a  section  of  a  well  was  reported  to  be — 

ist.  4  feet  coarse  red  sand. 

2d.  20  feet  dark-brown  and  ash-colored  clay  and  sand,  with 
small  pebbles  and  bowlders. 

Upper  Carboniferous. — The  rocks  in  this  county  belong  to  the 
lower  part  of  the  Upper  Coal-measures  and  the  middle  and  lower 
part  of  the  Middle  Coal-series  of  Missouri,  and  include  beds  from 
No.  84  to  near  No.  33  of  the  General  Section,  and  comprise  a  total 
thickness  of  485  feet,  which  is  of  much  greater  thickness  than  the 
corresponding  rocks  on  the  Missouri  River. 


LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  293 


GENERAL  SECTION  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 


:\ 


XT  No.  in  Gen.  Sec. 

on  Mo.  Riv. 

I — 2|  feet  nodular  and  fine-grained  limestone  marble  bed 84 

2 — 3  feet  limestone,  bluish,  irregular  layers, 
3 — 2  feet  buff  shales  and  limestone. . . 

4 — 9  inches  even  layers  of  limestone 82 

5 — i  foot  9  inches  shale Sic 

6—2  feet  bituminous  shale Si& 

7 — 3  feet  nodular  limestone \  C 80 

o      o  r     i.  .  •      i-          ••!•!.•     i-  I     Bethany  Falls  Limestone*     I 

8 — 8  feet  5  inches  oolitic  limestone  v  .     ..       „  ,  ^  ..      „    ,   •{ 79 

f  locally  called  Cotton  Rock.    } 
9 — 10  feet  limestone )  ( 78 

10 — 5  feet  blue  shales 77^ 

1 1 — i  foot  6  inches  bituminous  shales 77# 

12 — 10  inches  limestone "j6 

13 — 10  feet  shaly  slope 75 

14 — 7  feet  ferruginous  limestone 74 

15 — 14  feet  shales 73 

1 6 — 6  inches  coal \  t 

1 7 — 2  feet  shales >  i    7° 

1 8 — 3  inches  coal )  a 

19 — 1 94  feet  shales  and  sandstone 69  £65 

20 — a  few  inches  to  10  inches  of  coal — limestone 64 

31 — 2  feet  fire-clay 58  &  59 

22 — 4  feet  limestone — at  Utica 57 

23 — 4  feet  shales  (red  and  green  at  Collier's) 56 

24 — 4  feet  limestone 55 

25 — 30  feet  sandstone  and  shales,  blue,  buff  and  red  shales  at  lower  part 53 

26 — 4  feet  4  inches  blue  limestone,  contains  Fusulina,  ArcJiceocidaris,  etc 52 

27 — 18  inches  bituminous  shales 

28 — 8  inches  pyritiferous  shales 

29 — 3  inches  coal  (near  Lexington  coal) 

30 — 4  feet  fire-clay 

3 1 — 80  feet  slope — at  Bedford 

32 — 1 5  feet  sandstone. 

33 — 10  to  12  inches  coal 

34 — 3  feet  sandy  clay,  with  roots  of  Stigmaria  ficoides 

35 — 9  to  12  feet  shaly  sandstone 

36 — 4f  inches  coal 

37 — i  foot  6  inches  gray  fire-clay 

38 — 6  inches  brown  clay 

39 — 4  feet  rough  limestone 

40 — 7^  feet  argillaceous  shales 

41 — 2  feet  6  inches  irregularly-bedded  limestone  ;  many  fossils 40  ? 

42 — 14  feet  argillaceous  shales 

43 — 6  to  8  inches  dark,  fucoidal,  even  or  concretionary  limestone,  ferruginous. . 


294 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


No. 


No.  in  Gen.  Sec. 
on  Mo.  Riv. 


StCTFON 

ON  H- fc    ST.J.  R.R.  -  NEAR    KIRTLY'S 
tlYINJpSTON    COUNTY 


SOIL 
* 


44 — 31  inches  bituminous  shales 38  ? 

45 — i  to  4  feet  clay 36  ? 

46 — 20  inches  coal 35  ? 

47 — 4  feet  6  inches  clay  and  shales 34  ? 

48 — I  foot  soft  nodular  blue  and  green  limestone 

49 — 4  feet  shales 33  ? 

The  following  is  a  section  of  the  upper  rocks  of  the  section  ob- 
served on  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Jos.  Railroad,  near  Kirtley's  (Nos. 
i,  2,  3  =  No.  i  of  Gen.  Sec.): — 

Fig.  82.  No.  i — i  J  feet  nodular  limestone. 

2 — \y±    feet    even-bedded    lime- 
stone, sometimes  nodular. 
3 — i  foot  nodular  limestone. 
4 — 3  feet  limestone  (=   No.  2  of 
Gen.  Sec.). 

5 — 23  inches  buff  shales,  with  two 
2-inch  layers  of  limestone  near  the 
upper  part  (=  No.  3,  Gen.  Sec.). 

6 — 9  inches  even  layers  of  lime- 
stone (=  No.  4,  Gen.  Sec.). 

7 — 9  inches  olive  inclining  to  buff 
shales. 

8 — i  foot  blue  argillaceous  shales, 
with  dark  streaks. 

9 — 2  feet  bituminous  shales  (= 
No.  6,  Gen.  Sec.). 

No.  2  of  Gen.  Sec.  contains 
Prod,  costatus,  P.  splendens,  Atliy- 
ris  siibtilita  and  $>p.  cameratus. 

No.  3  contains  Prod,  splendens, 
Athyris,  Sp.  Kentuckensis,  Hemi- 
pronites  crassus,  Rhombopora  lepi- 
dodendroides  and  Lophophyllum  pro- 
liferum. 

The  rocks  here  seem  to  be  about  horizontal ;  one  mile  west  they 
dip  9°  course  S.  30°  W.,  mag. 

No.  9  occurs  on  the  railroad  near  the  west  county  line — is  best 
developed  in  railroad  cut  west  of  Utica  and  near  Spring  Hill ;  on 


LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 


295 


Bear  Creek  it  occurs  as  a  fine-grained,  grayish-blue  limestone,  with 
brown  windings,  which  cause  it  to  present  a  vermicular  appearance. 
The  latter  form  is  well  developed  in  Grundy  County,  between 
Trenton  and  Edinburgh.  These  irregular,  hollow,  vermiform  wind- 
ings are  probably  owing  to  the  former  presence  of  a  winding  fucoid. 
The  hollows  are  generally  colored  brown. 

At  E.  KIRTLEY'S  QUARRY,  on  west  half  of  the  south-west  quarter 
of  Sec.  14,  Township  57,  Range  25,  we  find  — 
No.  I  —  Slope,  in  which  is  seen  masses  of  limestone. 

2  —  4  feet  shaly  debris. 

3  —  2.y2  feet  nodular  and  shelly-drab  limestone. 

4  —  6  feet  10  inches  gray  silicious  oolitic  limestone  ;  generally 
works  easily  ;  has  been  used  at  Grand  River  bridge,  near  Utica. 


Fig.  83. 


QUARRY 
LIVINGSTON     CO 


Another  quarry  of  Mr.  Kirt- 
ley's,  on  west  half  of  north- 
west quarter  Sec.  14,  has  been 
worked  quite  extensively.  The 
following  section  gives  the 
thickness  of  each  bed  of  rock 
there  seen  :  — 

No.  I  —  3  feet  outcrop  of  ir- 
regular-bedded nodular  lime- 
stone. 

2  —  i  foot  6  inches  olive  and 
drab  shales. 

3  —  I  foot  bituminous  shales. 

4  —  I  foot  dark  clay-shales. 

5  —  6  inches    nodular    lime- 
stone (—  No.  7  of  Gen.  Sec.). 

6  —  3  feet  gray  oolitic  lime- 
stone. 

7  —  17  inches    even   layer  of 

oolitic  limestone  ;  "has  several  obscure  seams. 

8  —  1  6  inches  oolitic  limestone. 

9  —  32  inches  oolitic  limestone. 

The  beds  between  Nos.  9  and  14  are  not  often  seen.  On  Bear 
Creek  and  near  Spring  Hill  a  ripple-marked  sandstone  is  found 
between  them,  sometimes  as  much  as  30  feet  thick.  No.  9  under- 


296 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


Fig.   84. 


3-0 


i£ 


CHICA  aok9yr.hu. 

SECTION  m««. 


SECTION* 

AT    BASE    OFUPPEa    COAL    MEAEUR.ES 
MIUE8    SOUTH    OF   PRIMCETON 

MEfVCf  ft    CO. 


—      A 

SECTION  1*5 


LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 


297 


lies  No.  14 ;  is  seen  at  Spring  Hill  and 
vicinity ;  it  is  a  bluish,  ferruginous  lime- 
stone, and  is  somewhat  vermicular. 

At  Spring  Hill  observed  a  dip  of  10° 
with  the  horizon,  bearing  N.  34°  W., 
magnetic.  Two  hundred  feet  west  of  the 
last,  the  overlying  rocks  dip  15°,  course 
N.  52°  W.  The  limestones  seen  at  this 
place  correspond  to  Nos.  2,  7  and  9  of  the 
Livingston  County  Section,  or  to  Nos. 
78  to  83  of  Mo.  Riv.  Gen.  Sec.  Across 
a  hill  a  quarter  of  a  mile  east,  I  noticed 
a  corresponding  inclination  north-west  of 
these  beds.  Just  below  I  observed  No.  14 
of  the  Livingston  County  Section.  Accom- 
panying this  report  will  be  found  sections 
of  the  rocks  at  the  junction  of  the  Upper 
and  Middle  Coal-measures  on  the  railroad 
south  of  Princeton,  Mercer  County  (Fig. 
84).  These  beds  being  in  great  part  cov- 
ered in  Livingston  County,  I  have  inserted 
them  at  this  place  in  order  to  show  the 
proper  connection  of  the  beds  more  fully. 

The  profile  of  Sec.  144  (Fig.  85)  shows 
irregular  seams  and  lines  of  stratification 
in  sandstone  five  miles  south  of  Princeton, 
Mercer  County. 

Sec.  143  (Fig.  84)  is  1 1^  miles  south  of 
Princeton,  at  the  Pratt  cut.  B  is  a  half- 
mile  further.  C  is  in  next  cut,  and  D  is  at 
the  Brickey  bend,  five  miles  south. 

The  section  at  A,  No.  143,  includes 
rocks  of  other  sections,  and  is — 

No.  i — 30  feet,  upper  3  feet  sand  and  clay, 
remainder  coarse  brown  drift  sand. 

2 — 4  feet  ferruginous  limestone,  abounds 
in  Athyris  subtilita. 

3 — I  foot  shales  and  thin  layers  of  lime- 
stone,   and    many    fossils,    including 


Fig.  85. 


1 


298  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

RJwmbopora  lepidodcndroides,  Chonetes  Verneuiliana,  Ch.  meso- 
loba,  Athyris  subtilita  and  Spirifer  (Martinid)  planoconvexus. 
No.  4 — 8  feet  shales. 

5 — 4  inches  lenticular  concretionary  bed  of  carbonate  of  iron. 
6 — 2^  feet  olive  shales. 
7 — 6  inches  coal. 
8 — ij^  feet  shales. 

9 — \y2  feet  rough  olive-colored  sandstone. 
10 — 2  feet  green  clay. 
II — 3  inches  coal. 
12 — 15  inches  dark-blue  clay. 
13 — 3  feet  rough  sandstone  to  railroad. 
14— Railroad. 
15 — Blue  sandy  shales. 
1 6 — 40  feet  blue  and  gray  shaly  sandstone. 

In  the  descending  series,  the  next  lowest  rocks  were  observed  at 
Gillaspie's  Mill,  of  which  the  following  is  a  section  : — 
Sec.  21. 

No.   I — 12  feet  slope,  white  oak,  young  hickory,  red  bud,  etc. 
2 — 86  feet  buff  and  gray  sandstone ;  on  the  upper  30  feet  ob- 
served occasional  outcrops  and  many  tumbled  masses  of 
the  same,  then  25  feet  thick  beds,  brown,  speckled,  with 
occasional  shaly  partings  ;  this  is  mostly  soft,  nevertheless 
some  beds  are  firm  and  hard,  almost  semi-altered  —  No.  19. 
3 — 24  feet,  probably  all  shales  ;  near  the  middle,  one  and  a  half 
feet  bituminous  shale  crops  out,  of  which  6  inches  is  shaly 
coal ;  the  lower  II  feet  all  shales. 

No.  3  of  Sec.  21  is  probably  contained  in  Sec.  22,  Nos.  5  and 
7.     See  Sec.  22. 

Sec.  22  is  a  quarter  of  a  mile  up-stream,  and  as  follows  :— 
Nos.  I  and  2 — 19  feet  slope,  with  bluff  clays. 
3 — 10  feet  sandstone. 
4 — 14  feet  argillaceous  shales. 
5 — 6  inches  bituminous  shales. 
6 — 3  inches  shaly  coal. 
7 — 23  feet  argillaceous  shales. 

Sec.   No.    139,  in   Sec.    10,  Township    57,  Range   25,  is    as   fol- 
lows : — 

No.  i — About  25  feet  slope. 


LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  299 

No.  2 — Outcrop  of  brownish  limestone,  No.  14  of  Livingston  Sec. 
3 — 160  feet  long,  gentle  slope  to  bluff  of  Grand  River. 
4 — 51  feet  of  sandstone,  mostly  in  thin  flags — Cordaites  and 

large  catamites  about  4  feet  from  the  bottom. 
5 — 10  inches  crumbling  coal. 
6 — I  inch  soft  black  shale,  containing  Cordaites. 
7 — 5  feet  to  water  in  West  Fork  of  Grand  River. 
The  following  Sec.  No.  134,  at  Graham's  Mill,  on  East  Fork  of 
Grand  River,  includes  some  of  the  rocks  of  the  last  section  : — 
No.  I — 21  feet  slope,  with  sand,  clay  and  pebbles  of  drift. 

2 — 113  feet  thinly-stratified,  micaceous  sandstone  and  shales; 

some  beds  have  carbonaceous  partings. 
3 — 14  inches  bituminous  shales. 
4 — 8  inches  blue  shales. 
5 — 51^  feet  sandy  and  clay  shales,  with  occasional  ochrey  stains 

and  concretions  of  iron  pyrites. 

6 — 4  inches  thin  laminae  of  semi-bituminous  shales  with  Cordai- 
tes and  carbonaceous  stains. 
7 — 10*4  inches  good  bituminous  coal. 
8 — i  foot  fire-clay. 

9 — 5  feet  IO  inches  roughly-bedded,  drab  limestone,  containing 
Ck.  mesoloba  and  Meekella  at  top,  Pro.  Prattenianus  and 
P.  costatus  in  lower  part. 
IO — 13  inches,  upper  6  inches  shaly  limestone,  abounding  in 

Prod,  costatus ;  below  are  pyritiferous  shales, 
ii — 4  feet  blue  shales. 

The  strata  are  somewhat  irregular  at  this  place,  and  dip  about 
12°  course  S.  45°  W.,  mag. 

Sec.  141,  at  Utica: — 
No.  i — Slope. 

2 — Shales,  15  or  20  feet  seen. 

3 — 8  inches  blue,  sandy  limestone,  weathers  brown  ;  contains 
many  fossils,  including  Pleurotomaria  spharulata,  Euom- 
phalus  rugosus,  Macrocheilus  resembling  M.  medialis  but 
larger  ;  Nautilus  ferrattis,  Polyphemopsis  peracuta,  Pleu- 
rotomaria tumida,  Lop  hop  hy  limn  proliferum,  a  fish-tooth 
and  fucoids. 

4 — 52  feet  shales  and  thin  layers  of  sandstone,  to  the  water  in 
river ;    contains  carbonate  of  iron  and  some  ochreous  con- 


300 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


No.  5 


S- 10 


ID 


A  thin  stratum  of  bituminous  shale  and  coal  is 
also  said  to  exist  here,  but  if 
so,  was  covered  by  debris  of 

*  above. 

i  foot  4  inches  to  4*4  feet  lime- 
stone, coarse  drab  ;  contains 
Athyris,  CJwnetes  Smithii, 
Ch.  mesoloba,  Pro.  semireticu- 
latus,  Sp.  Kcntuckensis,  large 
Crinoid  stems,  Sp.  earner  atus 
and  a  few  pebbles,  Discina 
and  Lophophyllum. 

6  —  3  feet  drab,  ochreous  shales. 

7  —  4  feet  ash-blue  limestone,  weath- 

ers brown,  rough  on  top, 
somewhat  oolitic,  near  mid- 
dle gray,  blue  and  drab,  mot- 
tled brown  and  blue  ;  contains 
a  few  angular  fragments  of 
dark  chert,  and  also  contains 
Sp.  earner  atus,  Plcurotoma- 
ria,  P.  cortatus,  Belleropkon, 
A  rcliceocidaris  . 

8  —  1  6  feet  sandy  shales  to  water 

in  the  river. 

There  is  an  apparent  fault  in  the  strata  here.  Near  the  old  mill- 
dam  the  limestones  are  above  water,  as  seen  in  the  above  de- 
scription, but  150  feet  up-stream  they  dip,  then  suddenly  disappear. 

The  following  section  at  Collier's  Mill,  on  Medicine  Creek,  may 
include  some  beds  seen  at  Utica  :  — 

Sec.  146. 
No.  i  —  10  feet  slope,  bluff  and  drift. 

2  —  ii  feet  soft,  brown  sandstone. 

3  —  16  inches  clay  shales. 

4  —  4  inches  coal  smut. 

5  —  r5  feet  alternations  of  green  and  buff  shales,  and  nodular  lime- 

stone, containing  many  fossils,  including  Meekella  striato- 
costata,  Hemipronites  crassus,  C  lionet  es  granulif  era,  Chonetes 
mesoloba,  Athyrissubtilita,  Prod.punctatus,  Prod,  muricatus, 


UOWER    PART  OF  SECTION 

AT  GRAHAM'S  MILL 


LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  301 

P.  costattis,  Sp.  cameratus,  Sp.  Kentuckensis ,  Sp.   lineatus, 
Prod,   semireticulatus,    P.    Ncbrascensis,    P.    Pratteniamis 
and  Lopliophyllum  proliferum. 
No.  6 — i  ^  feet  outcrop  of  brown  and  drab  limestone  ;  two  layers 

seen. 

7 — 6^  feet  shaly  slope,  some  red  and  green  shales. 
8 — 3    feet    limestone,    fine-grained,    silicious,    greenish-drab  ; 

weathers  brown. 
9 — i  foot  green  shales. 

10 — i  foot  alternations  of  green  and  purple  shales, 
ii — 5  feet  micaceous,  sandy  shales. 

South-east  from  this,  190  feet,  coal  has  been  taken  out  in  a  ravine 
at  about  10  feet  above  water  in  the  creek;  this  is  probably  the  same 
coal  of  No.  4,  indicating  a  breaking  down  of  the  strata,  for  there  is  no 
apparent  dip  at  the  mill. 

The  following,  at  L.  T.  COLLIER'S  QUARRY,  in  the  west  half  of  the 
south-west  quarter  of  Sec.  29,  Township  58,  Range  22,  includes  rocks 
which  are  probably  a  little  lower  in  the  series  : — 

Sec.  147. 

No.  i — 25  feet  gentle  slope,  soil  covered  with  growth  of  hickory,  etc. 
2 — 3  feet  bands  of  blue,  buff  and  red  shales. 
3 — 10*^  inches  hard,  blue  limestone,  in  a  very  even  bed. 
4 — 1 8  inches  like  the  last,  even  bedded,  fine  grained. 
5 — i  foot  slope. 

6 — 16  inches  bluish  gray  limestone. 
7 — i^  feet  bituminous  shales. 
8 — 10  inches  dark,  ash-colored  shales  ;  contains  Prod,  muricatus 

and  Chonetes  mesoloba. 
9 — 3  inches  shaly  coal. 
10 — 4  feet  fire-clay. 

Nos.  3  and  4  contain  Athyris  subtilita,  Spirifer  (Martinia)  plano- 
convexus,  Fusulina  cylindrica  and  a  wavy-lined  coral. 

The  following  section,  at  SLAGEL'S  OLD  MILL,  on  Medicine 
Creek,  three  miles  above  Collier's  : — 

Sec.  148. 
No.  i — 10  feet  bluff  and  drift;  at  bottom  is  an  outcrop  of  masses 

of  brown  and  buff  limestone. 
2 — 12  feet  blue  and  buff  shales. 
3 — 4  inches  band  of  yellow  ochre. 


302  GEOLOG  Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

No.  4 — 3  feet  blue,  argillaceous  shales. 

5 — 2^/2  feet  hard,  blue  limestone,  shelly  at  top,  weathers  brown  ; 
contains  Crinoidstems,  Atkyris,  Sp.  lineatus,  Platyostoma, 
Plcurotomaria  tumida,  Euomphalus  rugosus. 
6 — 7^  feet  blue  and  yellow  banded  argillaceous  shales. 
7 — 8  feet  sandy  shales,  lower  part  somewhat  pyritiferous  ;  con- 
tains ironstone  concretions. 
8 — 3  inches  bituminous  shales. 
9 — 2  inches  coal. 

10 — I  foot  dark-colored  sandy  clay,  with  Stigmaria  ficoides . 
II — 2  feet  soft  sandstone,  3  feet  to  creek. 

Section   150,  2  miles  east  of  Avelin,  on  high  ground,  is  as  fol- 
lows : — 
No.  i — 25  feet  gentle  slope. 

2 — 4  feet  light-gray  or  drab  limestone,  subcrystalline  ;  contains 
Chcetetes  milleporaceus,  Athyris  subtilita,  Spirifer  (Mar- 
tinid)  lineatus,  Meekella  striato-costata,  Entolium  avicu- 
latum  and  Macrocheilus ;  this,  I  think,  is  equivalent  to 
No.  64  of  Pacific  Railroad  Section  and  No.  24  of  Lex- 
ington County  Section. 
3 — 30  feet  slope. 

4 — 20  inches  hard,  blue,  even-bedded  limestone,  in  two  ten- 
inch  layers  ;   contains  Fusulina  cylindrica. 
5 — 10  inches  bituminous  shales. 

No.  4  of  this  section  is  undoubtedly  equivalent  to  No.  55  of 
General  Section  along  the  Pacific  Railroad,  and  is  also  equivalent  to 
quarry  rocks  at  Ch.  Marster's  and  3  and  4  of  Section  147,  at  L.  T. 
Collier's  quarry.  A  connection  of  this  section  with  lower  rocks 
was  obtained  at  Bedford.  Near  the  hill-top  was  seen  limestone  cor- 
responding to  No.  2  of  last  section,  then  100  feet  long  slope  to  15 
feet  outcrop  of  sandstone,  resting  on  coal,  corresponding  to  33  of 
Livingston  County  Section. 

The  section  made  at  COLLIER'S  MILL,  on  Medicine  Creek,  prob- 
ably includes  equivalent  beds  to  those  at  Utica. 

The  rocks  lying  below  the  last-named  occur  on  Grand  River  and 
Toe  String  Creek,  south-east  of  this  ;  a  description  of  which  will  be 
found  under  the  head  of  Economical  Geology. 


LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  303 

Economical  Geology. 

The  workable  coal-fields  of  this  county  may  be  divided  into  two 
drvisions,  the  upper  coal  lying  on  and  near  Grand  River,  west 
of  Utica,  and  including  two  or  three  thin  seams  of  coal ;  and 
the  lower,  lying  along  and  near  Grand  River  below  Bedford,  in 
Township  56,  Ranges  21  and  22,  and  including  about  three  beds. 

Utica  Coal-Beds — At  J.  McMurray's  coal-bank,  in  the  south-east 
quarter  of  the  north-east  quarter  of  Sec.  10,  Township  57,  Range 
25,  I  observed  ten  inches  of. coal,  varying  sometimes  to  a  few  inches 
in  thickness,  and  at  irregular  elevations  above  the  river — a  local  rise 
of  9  feet  in  135  feet  going  west.  The  coal  is  several  feet  above 
the  water,  with,  shaly  sandstone  below,  and  sandstone  with  car- 
bonaceous scales  between  the  beds  overlying  it. 

At  James  Clark's  Coal-Bank,  in  the  north-east  quarter  of  Sec. 
8,  Township  57,  Range  25,  observed,  in  part,  the  following : — • 

No.  i — 30  feet  slope  micaceous,  fucoidal  sandstone  at  the  lower 
part. 

2 — Outcrop  of  bluish-drab  limestone,  containing  Syringapora, 

3 — 67  feet  slope. 

4 — 8  inches  to  1 5  inches  coal  (not  seen). 

5 — 6  inches  fire-clay. 

6 — 5  feet  slope. 

7 — 4  inches  brownish-yellow,  soft  sandstone. 

8 — 4  and  5  feet  argillaceous  shales. 

9 — 21/2  feet  bituminous  shales,  abounding  in  pyritiferous  fossils. 
10 — 40  to  50  feet  blue,  brown  and  white,  soft  sandstone. 

This  description  is  partly  from  my  notes  and  in  part  from  those 
of  Mr.  C.  G.  Wheeler,  who  visited  the  locality  in  1860.  Neither  of 
us  saw  the  coal,  as  the  mining  had  been  discontinued.  Several 
pits  have  been  dug,  but  are  now  all  filled  up.  The  geological  po- 
sition of  the  coal  is  in  the  upper  part  of  the  Middle  Coal-meas- 
ures, probably  near  No.  68  of  my  General  Section  of  the  Coal-meas- 
ures. 

About  12,000  bushels  of  coal  are  said  to  have  been  taken  out  of 
the  coal-bank  spoken  of  above. 

William  Dean's  coal-bed  on  Grand  River,  above  Utica,  is  said 
to  be  14  inches  in  thickness  ;  but  I  doubt  its  being  quite  so  thick, 


304  GEOLOG  Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

as  its  equivalent,  seen  at  other  places,  was  thin,  of  tolerably  good 
quality.  It  is  probably  the  same  bed  as  that  at  Murray's  ;  when 
visited  it  was  covered  by  shaly  debris. 

At  John  Stone's  coal-bed,  in  the  north-east  quarter  of  the  north- 
west quarter  of  Sec.  18,  Township  57,  Range  24,  Mr.  Wheeler 
obtained  the  following  section  : — 

No.  i — 10  feet  slope. 

2 — 17  feet  ferruginous,  spotted,  micaceous  sandstone  ;  has  many 
round  cavities  filled  with  soft,  sandy  and  ferruginous  matter  ;  tra- 
versed by  many  vertical  seams. 

3 — 10  feet  slope. 

4 — 2  feet  brown  shales. 

5 — i  foot  bituminous  shales. 

6 — i  y^  feet  brown  arenaceous  limestone. 

7 — 4  feet  shales. 

8 — I  to  3  feet  pyritiferous  shales,  containing  seams  of  impure 
coal  and  vegetable  impressions. 

9 — 9  inches  good  bituminous  coal,  probably  the  same  as  Dean's 
coal. 

10 — I  inch  fire-clay. 

ii — 4^  feet  slope. 

12 — 4  feet  concretionary  limestone. 

13 — 2^  feet  shales  and  nodules  of  limestone. 

14 — 4  feet  slope. 

A  very  good  quality  of  coal  was  observed  at  Graham's  Mill,  but 
it  is  of  irregular  thickness,  varying  from  6  to  10^  inches.  An 
analysis  by  Mr.  Chauvenet  gives — 

Water 5.38 

Volatile 42.27 

Fixed  carbon 44-98 

Ash 7.37 

Ash,  color  pale  brown. 

Cox's  COAL,  in  the  west  half  of  the  north-east  quarter  Sec,  n, 
T.  58,  R.  24— 
No.  i — 3  to  4  feet  sandstone,  soft,  and  in  layers  from  4  to  10  inches 

thick. 

2 — 7  feet  sandy  and  clay  shales,  with  ferns. 
3 — Said  to  be  10  to  27  inches  coal. 


LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 


No.  4 — A  few  feet  of  fire-clay. 

5 — Rough  limestone, 

Mr.  Cox  has  drifted  80  to  90  feet  into  the  hill ;  the  bottom  of  the 
entry  is  about  4  feet  above  the  branch.  About  300  yards  north- 
east of  this  Mr.  C.  has  dug  out  coal  at  several  places  by  sinking 
shafts  about  8  feet. 

Mr.  Cox  has  made  good  pottery  of  the  shales  overlying  the  coal ; 
the  furnace  was  lined  with  the  soft,  banded  sandstone  obtained  ten 
feet  above  the  coal.  The  fire  has  indurated  and  glazed  some  of  it. 

COLLIER'S  COAL. — Two  shafts  have  been  dug  a  short  distance 
from  Collier's  mill,  relatively  12  and  14  feet  deep.  The  pits  were 
filled  up,  but  I  was  informed  that  the  coal  was  15  inches  thick.  •  I 
regard  this,  that  of  Cox's,  and  that  at  Graham's  mill,  as  the  same 
bed. 

About  a  mile  from  Collier's  mill  Mr.  L.  Fig.  87. 

T.  Collier  has  sunk  a  shaft  on  the  east  L.T. COLLIE  ft '  s  SHAFT 
half  of  south-east  quarter  Sec.  30,  T.  58,          LIVINGSTON  CO  . 
R.  22,  a  section  of  which  is — 
No.  i — 9  feet  clay  and  shales,  cribbed. 
2 — 3K    feet   ochrey   and    blue   clay 
shales,   upper  two  feet  mostly 
ochrey. 
3 — 16  feet  dark  clay  shales. 

The  bottom  of  the  pit  filled  with  fallen 
debris,  so  I  could  not  see  the  coal.  Mr. 
Collier  showed  me  a  specimen  obtained 
from  this  place,  of  black,  shining,  bitumi- 
nous coal ;  the  coal  here  is  probably  the 
same  as  that  at  Collier's  mill. 

On  COL.  R.  F.  DUNN'S  LAND  (see  Fig. 
88),  in  east  half  of  south-west  quarter 
Sec.  23,  T.   58,  R.  24,  some  mining  has 
been  done  ;  the  coal  said  to  be  6  inches 
thick,  with  20  inches  of  bituminous  shales 
overlying  it ;  next  above  I  noticed  ochrey 
shales,  with  sandstone  ;  still  higher,  nodu- 
lar limestone  underlies  the  coal,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  I 
foot  dark  clay.     Both  the  coal  and  the  shales  show  evidences  of 
existence  of  the  plant-remains. 
20 


L   is 


306 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


At  Anton  Good's,  in   Sec.    19,   Township   56,   Range  23,  some 
shafts   and   borings   have   been    made   in 
Fig.  88.  search  of  coal,  of  which  this  is  the  result : — 

No.  i — 8  feet  shaft. 

2 — 32  feet  to  slate.    At  31  feet  below 

top  is  2  feet  of  fire-clay. 
3 — Shale  and  rock  to  bottom  ;  stopped 

at  60  feet  depth. 

In  No.  i  we  find  Hemipronites,  P.  Prat- 
tenianus,  Athyris  subtilita,  Prod.  Roger  si, 
P.  costatus,  Sp.  cameratus,  Chonetes  meso- 
loba,  Sp.  lineatus.  (This  is  probably  the 
same  as  Sec.  134-9.) 

A  half-mile  east  a  shaft  was  sunk  1 8  feet 
through  sandstone ;  upper  part  buff,  lower 
part  gray. 

No.  2.    6  feet  in  bore,  beginning  in  sul- 
phur stain  through  slate,  then  2^  feet  coal ; 
red  clay  under  the  coal. 
A  section  here  is  as  follows  : — 
Sec.  149. 
No.  i — Slope. 

2 — Outcrop  limestone. 
3 — 20  feet  slope. 

4 — 43  inches  sandstone  in  one  thick  bed. 
5 — 7  feet  shaly  sandstone. 
6 — i  foot  hard,  gray  and  brown  sandstone. 
7 — 1 8  inches  bituminous  shales. 

8 — 8  inches  calcareo-pyritiferous  shales  ;  abounds  in  fossils  :  P. 
muricatus,  Sp.  cameratus,  Sp.  (Martinia)  planoconvexus, 
Hemipronites  crassus. 
9 — 3  inches  coal. 
10 — i^  feet  fire-clay. 

On  Ch.  Wurster's  land,  in  north-west  one-quarter  Sec.  26,  Town- 
ship 56,  Range  22,  observed  14  inches  of  hard,  black,  shining  coal 
cropping  out  at  the  edge  of  the  water  in  Toe  String  Creek  ;  contains 
a  little  iron  pyrites  in  lower  part.  Mr.  W.  says  it  is  sometimes  1 8 
inches  thick.  Only  one  foot  of  dark-blue  shales,  containing  Discina, 
was  observed  over  it.  The  underclay  contains  Stigmaria. 


LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  307 

Lower  Coal-Fields. — The  following  section  occurs  at  Bedford  : — 

Fig.  89. 


SECTION    AT    BEDFORD 

LIVINGSTON     CO 

Soil  and  drift. 
Clay. 

No.  i — Sandstone  10  or  more  feet,  resting  on 
2 — 5  feet  sandy  and  argillaceous  shales. 
3 — I  foot  good  bituminous  coal. 
4 — 2^  feet  fire-clay,  sandy,  with  stigmaria  ficoides. 
5 — 10  feet  shales,  bituminous  at  bottom  ;  contains  several  con- 
cretionary layers  of  carb.  iron. 
6 — o  to  10  inches  deep-blue  pyritiferous  limestone  ;  contains  P. 

muricatus,  Sp.  earner atus,  Chonetes  and  Lop  hop  hy  Hum. 
7 — 4  inches  bituminous  coal ;  has  yellow  sulphur  incrustations. 
8 — 2  feet  fire-clay. 
9 — 4  feet  nodular  limestone. 

10 — 3  feet  even  layers  of  silico-calcareous  rock,  with  bands  of 
shales ;  contains  Sp.  cameratus,  Athyris,  Prod,  semireti- 
culatus. 

On  a  small  creek,  three-quarters  of  a  mile  south-west,  I  obtained 
the  following  section  : — 


308  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

Sec.  14. 

No.  I — Slope. 

2 — 10  feet  sandstone. 

3 — 1 6  feet  argillaceous  and  sandy  shales,  containing  Sept  aria. 

4 — 14  inches  bituminous  coal,  decomposes  on  exposure. 

5 — 1 2^£  feet  blue  argillaceous  shales;  contains  concretions  of  car- 
bonate of  iron,  is  somewhat  bituminous,  shaly  at  lower  part,  and 
also  contains  a  bed  of  bituminous  limestone  near  the  lower  part. 

6 — 4  inches  bituminous  coal. 

7 — 2  feet  greenish-blue  shaly  clay. 

8 — 2  feet  nodular  limestone. 

W.  Perry's  coal-bed,  in  Sec.  25,  Township  56,  Range  22,  is  I  foot 
thick.  The  coal  at  Bedford  and  at  Perry's  corresponds  to  No.  33 
of  Gen.  Sec. 

On  Toe  String  Creek,  in  Sec.  31,  Township  56,  Range  21,  ob- 
tained the  following  section  : — 

No.  i — 25  feet  slope,  sandstone  at  lower  part. 

2 — 10  feet  argillaceous,  shaly  slope,  with  concretions  of  ochreous 
oxide  of  iron. 

3 — i  foot  buff-drab  limestone,  weathers  buff-brown  ;  contains 
Crinoid  stems,  Loplwphylhmi  proliferum,  a  species  of  fucoid  Chon- 
drites,  Pr.  cequicostatus,  RhyncJwnella  Osagensis,  Pr.  splendens, 
Spirifer  cameratus. 

4 — 9  feet  45°  slope,  argillaceous  shales  at  lower  part. 

5 — 10  inches  concretionary  bed  of  ferruginous  limestone,  dark 
blue  arid  very  hard  within,  forms  a  thick,  decomposing,  ferruginous 
crust  on  outside  ;  contains  Sp.  lineatus,  Pr.  muricatus  =  No.  43  of 
Livingston  County  Section. 

6 — 2  feet  bituminous  shales  ;  contains  numerous  small,  flattened, 
spherical  concretions  of  sulphate  of  iron. 

7 — 5  inches  variegated  dark-blue  and  yellow  argillaceous  shale. 

8 — 3  feet  thinly  laminated,  bluish-green,  argillaceous  shale. 

9 — 1 6  inches  bituminous  coal,  good  quality  =  No.  46  of  Living- 
ston County  Section. 

10 — 3>£  feet  fire-clay,  blue  and  buff  mottled,  nodular  concretion- 
ary limestone  at  lower  part. 

This  coal  is  easy  of  access. 

The  following  section  was  obtained  at 

•WM.  LEATON'S  COAL-BANK,  on  the  right  bank  of  Grand  River, 


LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 


309 


in  the  north  half  of  the  north-east  quart 
No.  i — Slope. 

2 — 25  feet  sandstone. 

Fig.  90. 


cr 


of  Sec.  29,  T.  56,  R.  21  :- 


SECTION    152 
AT  W*  L EATON'S    CO AL   BANK 

LIVINGSTON     CO 

3 — Coal  outcrop. 

4 — 16  feet  brown,  speckled,  mostly  thinly  laminated  micaceous 
sandstone — 6  feet  ;  then  argillaceous  and  sandy  shales  in 
thin  laminae,  dark  olive  above,  blue,  black  and  slightly 
bituminous  at  bottom. 

5 — 4^  inches  bituminous  coal. 

6 — \y2  feet  gray  fire-clay. 


3io 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


No.   7 — 6  inches  brown  ochrey  clay,  with  selenite  crystals. 

8 — 41^  feet  very  rough  nodular  limestone  ;  at  top  it  is  inter- 
polated with  much  brjwn  oxide  of  iron  ;  more  even-bedded 
below ;  fracture  shows  pea-green, 
o, — 71^  feet  pea-green,  sandy  and  argillaceous  shales  ;  I  foot  of 

red  and  green  near  the  bottom. 

IO — 2.y2  feet  bluish-drab,  irregularly-bedded  limestone  ;  weathers 
brown ;  is  fucoidal  ;  contains  Caulerpites,  Loplwphyllum,  Pr. 
muricatus,  Prod,  costatus.  Pr.  punctatus,  Sp.  camcratus,  a 
large  Aviculopecten,  Pr.  cequico  status,  Ch.  mesoloba. 
II — 14  feet  argillaceous  shales,  variegated  blue  and  olive  above, 
with  a  few  deep  blue-black  below  ;  lenticular  beds  of  carbo- 
nate of  iron  near  the  upper  part. 

12 — 6  to  10  inches  very  dark,  lead-blue,  ferruginous  limestone  at 
bottom  ;    is  variegated  with  dark  fucoidal  veins  ;     is  evenly 
jointed  and  weathers  brown  ;  contains  Sp.  lineatus. 
!3 — 31  inches  bituminous  shale  ;   contains  concretions. 
14 — 2^  feet  blue  clay. 

The  coal  lies  just  beneath  ;  said  to  be  twenty  inches  thick,  but 
when  I  visited  the  place  it  was  covered  by  high  water.  When  Mr. 
Wheeler  examined  it  the  water  was  low,  and  he  was  enabled  to  see 
the  coal.  Below  the  coal  is  4  feet  of  shales. 

This  bed  has  been  much  worked,  and  more  has  probably  been 
used  than  from  any  other  bed  in  the  county.  This  is  the  same  bed 
as  that  seen  on  Toe  String  Creek  and  No.  46  of  Gen.  Sec. 

Coal  equivalent  to  that  of  Leaton's  is  mined  at  the  mouth  of  Toe 
String  Creek,  of  which  the  following  Sec.  153  : — 
No.  2 — 1 8  inches  limestone. 
3 — 13/4  feet  shales. 

4 — 6    inches  black-blue,  concretionary  and  pyritiferous,  fucoi- 
dal limestone. 

5 — 32  inches  bituminous  shales. 

6 — 4  inches  to  42  inches  clay  shale  ;  varies  in  thickness. 
7 — 20  inches  coal. 
8 — 4*^  feet  clay  shales. 

9 — i  foot  nodular,  soft,  shaly,  bluish  limestone. 
10 — 4  feet  shales  to  water  in  Grand  River. 

The  lower  six  inches  of  this  coal  contains  a  great  deal  of  iron 
pyrites,  and  is  also  traversed  by  white  veins  of  carbonate  of  lime. 


LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 


Fig.  91. 


This  coal  crops  out  at  various  places 
on  Toe  String  Creek  for  a  mile  from  its 
mouth,  also  at  the  corner  of  the  coun- 
ty, on  Grand  River,  at  Edmondson's 
ferry.  At  the  latter  place  the  rocks 
present  an  irregular  dip  of  from  ten 
to  twenty  degrees  nearly  due  south- 
east. 

On  Medicine  Creek  coal  has  been 
found  at  several  places.  Half  a  mile 
north  of  Collier's  mill  some  has  been 
taken  out,  and  two  and  a  half  miles 
up-stream  I  noticed  several  pits,  but 
they  were  so  full  of  debris  that  I 
could  not  see  the  coal.  I  was  told 
that  its  general  thickness  was  about 
nine  inches. 

No  other  minerals  in  any  amount 
have  been  discovered  in  this  county. 

Building- Rock. — I  have  elsewhere 
included  a  description  of  the  best 
building-rock  of  this  county;  I  will 
now  only  briefly  notice  them.  The 
best  quarries  are  those  of  Mr.  Kirtley, 
ten  miles  west  of  Chillicothe  and 
about  one  mile  north  of  the  Hannibal 
&  St.  Jos.  Railroad.  The  rock  is  a 
silicious  oolitic  limestone  ;  occurs  gen- 
erally in  thick  beds,  but  some  are 
thin,  and  afford  a  strong  and  superior 
building-rock.  There  is  about  nine 
feet  thickness  of  it. 

The  sandstone  at  Gillaspie's  mill 
occurs  in  thick  and  thin  strata,  and  is 
also  an  excellent  material  for  building. 

CH.  WURSTER'S  QUARRY,  in  the  south-east  quarter  of  the  north- 
east quarter  Sec.  22,  T.  56,  R.  22,  is  a  very  even-bedded  blue  lime- 
stone, occurring  in  two  layers  of  nine  and  eleven  inches,  and  admits 
of  fine  polish. 


or 

IN  GRAND    HIVZR. 


SECTfOlsf  J53 
LIVINGSTON  CO  . 


3 1 2  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

L.  T.  COLLIER'S  quarry,  in  west  half  of  south-west  quarter  Sec. 
29,  T.  58,  R.  22,  includes  beds  of  10^,  16,  and  18  inches  lime- 
stone, in  even  layers,  closely  resembling  that  of  Wurster's,  and 
probably  its  equivalent.  At  Utica  are  thick,  rough  beds  of  blue 
and  drab  limestone,  that  answers  very  well  for  coarse  masonry,  and 
may  also  be  hydraulic. 

Herriman's  quarry,  three  miles  north-west  of  Chillicothe,  includes 
about  6  feet  of  rather  rough-bedded  limestone,  but  of  good  thick- 
ness ;  this  is  much  used.  I  suppose  the  rock  to  be  equivalent  to 
No.  72  of  Gen.  Sec.  of  the  Upper  Coal-measures.  The  fossils  seen 
in  it  were  Retzia  punctulifera,  P.  costatus,  P.  splendens,  Athyris 
subtilita,  and  Lopliopliyllum  proliferum. 

The  rock  at  Graham's  mill  may  be  hydraulic,  as  also  may  be  that 
of  Collier's. 

Clays. — A  deep-red  ochrey  clay,  seen  at  Collier's  mill,  would  afford 
a  good  material  for  paint ;  a  similar  but  paler  red  was  observed  on  Col- 
lier's land,  one  mile  from  the  mill.  In  Collier's  shaft,  near  this  place, 
I  observed  10  feet  of  alternations  of  yellow  ochre  bands,  with  blue 
shales ;  beneath  it  is  4  inches  good  band  of  bright  yellow  ochre. 

At  W.  Leaton's  coal-bank  there  is  6  inches  of  brown  ochre,  con- 
taining selenite  crystals. 

There  are  good  beds  of  fire-clay  under  most  of  the  coal-beds, 
particularly  those  on  lower  Grand  River. 

Bands  and  concretionary  beds  of  carbonate  of  iron  occur  in  shales 
on  lower  Grand  River. 

SOIL. — The  soil  is  generally  very  rich  ;  those  portions  of  the 
county  which  I  have  mentioned  as  broken  contain  the  only  tracts 
of  poor  land,  and  the  area  is  quite  limited  ;  the  soil  of  the  latter  is 
light  mulatto,  and  often  sandy  for  a  few  inches  in  depth.  The  soil 
throughout  most  of  the  county  is  dark  and  rich,  and  varies  from 
one  foot  to  two  and  a  half  feet  in  depth.  Near  the  western  part  of 
the  county  it  has  much  lime  in  its  composition,  resulting  from  the 
disintegration  of  limestone. 

The  slopes  generally  are  so  very  gentle  that  the  county  seems 
admirably  adapted  for  grasses  and  meadows. 

The  bottom  lands  are  wide  and  flat,  and  have  very  dark  and  deep 
soil,  but  are  often  too  wet  for  cultivation.  Good  crops  of  corn  are 
raised.  Wheat  has  not  succeeded  so  well  during  late  years.  Fruit 
succeeds  tolerably  well. 


LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  313 

Before  closing,  I  would  state  :  with  the  assistance  of  H.  A.  Alffers 
and  P.  C.  Swallow,  I  made  a  partial  survey  of  this  county  in  April, 
1861.  In  July,  1872,  Mr.  C.  J.  Norwood  assisted  me  in  correcting 
old  surveys  and  making  new  ones,  by  which  assistance,  and  that  of 
the  notes  of  Mr.  C.  J.  Wheeler,  taken  on  Grand  River  in  1860,  I 
am  now  enabled  to  make  this  report. 

VERTICAL    SECTION   OF   THE   BORING   AT   CHILLICOTHE. 

A  section  of  the  boring  at  Chillicothe,  made  by  Messrs.  Johnson  & 
Co.,  and  furnished  by  Mr.  Cummins,  foreman  in  charge,  is  added : — 

Depth  from 

Thickness.  surface. 

No.  Nature  of  strata  penetrated.  Ft.     In.  Ft.       In. 

I — Soil  and  yellow  clay 35  6 

2 — Dry  sand 23  6  59 

3 — Wet,  gray  sand 2  61 

4 — Blue  bowlder-clay 7  68 

5— Soft  sand 66  1 34 

6 — Gray  shale 2  2  1 36     2 

7 — Gray  limestone I  4  137     6 

8 — Gray  shale 3  4  140  IO 

9— Dark  shale 5  4  146     2 

10 — Blue  shale I  3  147     5 

1 1 — Hard  limeston'e I  5^  148 

12 — Dark  shale 2  2*^  151 

13— Hard  limestone I  i^  152 

14 — Soft  shale —  I  2  153 

1 5— Hard  slate I  6  1 54 

1 6— Coal  ..    .' 6  155 

17— Shale 2  5  157 

1 8 — Gray  limestone I  IO  159 

19 — Gray  shale 6  6  166 

20— Shale 9  4  175 

21 — Black  smut I  8  177 

22— Gray  shale 2  8  179 

23— Dark  shale I  8^  181     6 

24 — Limestone I  4  182   10 

25— Gray  shale , I  4^  184     2 


3 14  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-  WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

Fig.  92. 


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LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  315 

Depth  from 

Thickness.  surface. 

No.                    Nature  of  strata  penetrated.  Ft.    In.  Ft.       In. 

26 — Limestone 9X  !^5 

27— Gray  shale 8^  185 

28— Limestone 6  186 

29 — Gray  shales I     6  187 

30— Hard  band 2>£  187  1 1 

31— Gray  shales 310^  !9! 

32 — Blue  limestone I     o^  192  10 

33— Shale 3   W}4  19&    9 

34— Black  smut 2  198     9 

35_Soft  shale— dark I     6^  200     3 

36— Hard,  dark  shale 2  200     5 

37— Soft,  dark  shale I      I  ^  201 

38— Shale— blue 810^  210 

39— Red  shale 52  215 

40— Dark  shale 16    6^  232     i 

41— Blue  shale 7     O^  239     2 

42 — Hard,  argillaceous  limestone 6^  239 

43— Gray  shale 3  23911 

44— Soft  shale 10  240 

45 — Gray  sandstone 4     2^  245 

46 — Brown,  bituminous  shale 9^  245 

47— Black,  bituminous  shale ,    .  2     7^  248 

48 — Calcareous  band 3^  248 

49— Dark,  soft  shale 7^  249 

50 — Hard,  calcareous  band 7^  249  115 

5 1 — Dark  shale 10     3  260     2 

52 — Gray,  calcareous  shale 5     2^  265     5 

53— Fire-clay 3   10^  269 

54 — Clay  and  particles  of  coal 7     15^  276 

55 — Sandy  shale  and  black  bitum.  particles. .  I     5^  277  IO 

56— Clay  shale 2     6^  '       280     5 

57 — Dark-gray,  micaceous    sand-rock,   very 

hard I     5^  281    II 

58 — Hard  band  and  blue  clay  partings I     8^  283 

59 — Hard,  blue  shale 2  285 

60 — Argillaceous,  gray  limestone I     6  287 

61 — Dark,  sandy  shale I     2^  288 


3 1 6  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

Depth  from 

Thickness.  surface. 

No.  Nature  of  strata  penetrated.  Ft.     In.  Ft.       In. 

62 — Sand  rock — light  color 2  290 

63— Blue  shale 9^  291     2 

64 — Dark-blue  shale,  with  i^  inches  coal..  2     5  293     7 

65— Pure  sand  rock I     5  295 

66 — Blue  limestone,  passing  into  hard  gray 

at  bottom 3     03^  298     o 

67— Clay 4  298 

Particles  of  coal o^  298 


CHAPTER   X. 

GEOLOGY    OF    CLAY    COUNTY. 

BY  G.  C.  BRODHEAD. 

TOPOGRAPHY. 

THIS  county  contains  an  area  of  405  square  miles.  The  blurts 
along  the  Missouri  River  are  not  so  high  as  those  in  Platte  County  ; 
they  vary  from  lOOto  190  feet  in  height,  and,  indeed,  are  often  much 
lower.  The  western  and  southern  portions  of  the  county  are  often 
quite  hilly  near  the  streams  ;  but  in  the  northern  and  eastern  por- 
tions the  slopes  rise  very  gently  from  the  bottoms  to  the  uplands  ; 
and  the  uplands  rise  and  swell  with  beautiful  undulations. 

Timber  and  Prairie. — The  following  table  comprises  a  list  of  the 
trees  and  shrubs  of  this  county  : — 

Crabapple,  white  ash,  prickly  ash,  blackberry,  box  elder,  button 
bush,  coralberry,  mulberry,  cotton-tree,  burr  oak,  post  oak,  red 
chestnut  oak,  chinquepin  oak,  white  oak,  sycamore,  pin  oak,  red 
root,  elder,  red  elm,  white  elm,  greenbrier,  hackberry,  black  oak, 
red  oak,  red  bud,  raspberry  (occasionally),  pawpaw,  American 
hazel,  black  haw,  hawthorn,  gooseberry,  shell-bark  hickory,  thick 
shell-bark  hickory,  bullnut  hickory,  pignut  hickory,  Cornus  asperi- 
folia,  Cornus  sericea,  laurel  oak,  Rosa  setigera,  honeysuckle,  iron- 
wood,  honey  locust,  linden,  sugar  maple,  white  maple,  sumach, 
poison  oak,  serviceberry  (rare),  staff-tree  or  wahoo,  thorn  (Cra- 
tcegus),  black  walnut. 

The  southern  half  of  the  county  is  nearly  all  timber-land,  much 
of  it  heavily  timbered.  The  north  half  probably  consists  of  about 
one-fifth  prairie.  The  timber  consists  mostly  of  elm,  ash,  linden, 
white  oak,  rock-chestnut  oak,  hickory,  laurel  oak,  pawpaw,  hazel, 
sumach,  red  oak,  Cornus >  and  black  walnut.  Near  the  prairies  we 


3  1  8 


GEOLOG  Y  OF  NOR  TH-  WESTERN  MISSO  URL 


have  mostly  laurel  oak,  elm,  cherry,  hazel,  sumach,  persimmon  ;  post 
oak  and  fragrant  sumach  occur  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  county  ; 
at  no  point  west  were  they  seen. 

Streams. — Fishing  River  drains  more  than  one-fourth  of  this 
county.  Big  Shoal  and  Smith's  Fork  of  Platte  are  both  consider- 
able streams,  but  none  of  them  afford  power  enough  to  be  of  ad- 
vantage in  water-mills.  Fine  springs  are  not  very  abundant. 
Springs  are  often  seen  issuing  from  beneath  No.  76  ;  but  ordinarily 
this  county  is  well  supplied  with  water,  and  by  digging  wells  it  can 
easily  be  reached. 

Geology. — Quaternary  Deposits. — This  includes  the  soils  and 
alluvial  deposits,  prairie,  clays,  bluff  and  drift.  The  alluvium  is 
thicker  and  better  developed  on  the  Missouri  River.  Bottom  prai- 
rie is  well  marked  on  Fishing  River  and  tributaries ;  at  mouth  of 
Williams  Creek  it  appears  thus  : — 
No.  i — 8  feet  dark  soil  and  alluvium. 

2 — 15  feet  clay,  with  brown  ochreous  concretions,  equivalent  to 
bottom  prairie  of  Prof.  Swallow. 

Bluff. — Eighty  feet  of  this  formation  was  observed  along  the  Mis- 
souri bluffs.  It  scarcely  differs  from  the  same  formation  as  seen  in 
Platte  and  Buchanan.  The  bluff  formation  often  contains  consider- 
able quantities  of  calcareous  concretions  ;  generally  roundish,  but  of 
all  shapes  and  sizes,  from  less  than  an  inch  to  a  foot  or  more,  and 
often  disposed  together,  as  if  deposited  on  a  nearly  level  surface. 
The  accompanying  is  a  sketch  of  their  arrangement  in  railroad  cut 
below  Randolph  : — 

These  concretions  are  very 
calcareous,  and  maybe  hydrau- 
lic. 

Drift. — This  is  sparingly  de- 
veloped in  this  county. 

Upper  Carboniferous.  — 
These  rocks  include  from  No. 
1 12  to  near  66  of  Missouri  River 
'Section,  and  include  about  404 
feet  of  coal-measures,  composed 
of  sandstones,  limestones,  and 
shales,  with  probably  no  coal- 
seam  over  2  or  3  inches  in  thick- 


.R.R.CUT    BELOW    RANDOLPH 
CO. 


CLAY  COUNTY.  319 

ness.  The  rocks  preserve  a  tolerably  regular  dip  a  very  little  north 
of  west,  amounting  to  about  190  feet  along  the  Missouri  River.  The 
highest  rock  seen  in  this  county  is  probably  equivalent  to  No.  112 
of  Missouri  River  Section.  The  position  of  the  lowest  is  below 
No.  171.  No.  112  was  observed  on  the  hills  north  of  Liberty,  and 
in  the  west  and  north-west  part  of  the  county ;  on  the  head-waters 
of  Williams  Creek  I  observed  5  feet  outcrop  of  bluish  and  ashy-gray 
limestone.  From  in  to  no  there  is  about  56  feet  shale,  including 
8  inches  of  bituminous  shale  near  the  middle. 

No.  109  is  22  feet  of  Plattsburgh  limestone  ;  it  is  mostly  ashy-blue, 
containing  chert  near  the  upper  part,  and  near  the  lower  a  dark  or 
ash-colored  brittle  limestone,  with  many  fine  fossils  :  Pr.  punctatus, 
Pr.  Americanus  (Sw.),  Spirifer  cameratus,  Allorisma,  Discina, 
Pleurotomaria  and  a  beautiful  Bryozoa. 

This  limestone  crops  out  on  the  hills  at  Liberty.  At  William  Jewell 
College  it  is  6  inches  thick,  and  consists  of  a  bluish  gray  and  buff, 
coarse-grained  limestone,  weathering  brown.  It  abounds  here  in 
Pr.  Americanus,  Allorisma,  Myalina,  Pinna,  Athyris,  Bryozoa, 
Fitsutmaand  arms  of  Archceocidaris,  and  contains  a  Nautilus. 

No.  3  (of  same  Sec.)  is  2  feet  of  fossiliferous,  calcareous  sandstone 
=  No.  109. 

No.  4 — 20  feet  sandy  shales  =•  103. 

5 — Outcrop  of  even-bedded,  thinly-stratified,  brownish-gray, 
shelly  limestone. 

6 — 5  feet  shaly  slope. 

7 — 2  feet  dark-brown,  sandy  limestone,  containing  Myalina. 

8 — 13  feet  sandy  shales  =  99. 

No.  100  is  seen  on  Williamson  Creek,  2  feet  thick. 

Nos.  99  to  96,  =  91  feet,  occur  in  the  south-west  part  of  the 
county. 

No.  96.  One  half-mile  east  of  LIBERTY  the  section  appears 
thus  : — 

No.  2 — 5  feet  tolerably  even-bedded,  ashy-gray  limestone  ;  con- 
tains many  fossils  :  Pr.  costatus,  Pr.  punctatus,  Meekella  striato- 
costata,  Pr.  Rogersi,  Bryozoa,  etc. 

3 — 27  feet  shaly  slope — 15'  to  25'  of  red  shales;  at  the  lower 
part  is  a  tumbled  mass  of  fine-grained,  crystalline  limestone,  with  a 
saccharoidal  appearance. 

4 — I  foot  of  dark  limestone  =  No.  90. 


320  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-  WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

No.  90  is  quarried  in  the  bluffs  opposite  Harlem,  where  it  occurs 
as  a  tolerably  even-bedded,  fine-grained,  light-drab  limestone, 
variegated  with  specks  of  calcite,  and  containing  Camp  op  hy  Hum 
torquium,  Crinoid  stems,  Pr.  splendens,  Athyris  subtilita,  Lopho- 
phyllum  proliferum  and  Fistulopora  nodulifera. 

No.  5 — 6  feet  slope. 

6 — Buff  limestone  and  hornstone  =  87. 

No.  90  is  3  feet  thick  near  the  west  county  line,  and  is  a  fine- 
grained gray  or  drab  limestone. 

No.  88  consists  of  five  or  six  feet  of  shales. 

No.  87  is  II  feet  to  13  feet :  three-quarters  of  a  mile  north-east 
of  Liberty  it  appears  as  13  feet  of  limestone,  divided  thus  : — 

The  upper  four  feet  is  a  fine-grained,  compact,  buff  limestone  ;  has 
a  lithographic  appearance,  and  contains  reniform  concretions  and 
lenticular  beds  of  chert. 

The  next  is  5  feet  coarse,  brownish-gray,  oolitic  limestone  :  the 
lower  part  is  ashy-blue,  with  buff,  shaly  partings.  Fossils  are  ex- 
ceedingly rare.  This  rock  is  seen  on  the  Missouri  bluffs,  in  the 
western  part  of  the  county,  and  in  the  neighborhood  of  Liberty. 
A  very  good  quarry  of  the  lower  oolitic  beds  occurs  in  the  bluffs 
opposite  Harlem. 

No.  86  consists  of  19  feet  of  dark  olive  and  blue,  argillaceous 
shales. 

No.  85  consists  of  13  feet  deep-blue  limestone,  with  blue  chert. 
On  the  Missouri  bluffs,  near  the  west  line  of  Clay  County,  the  upper 
part  consists  of  hard  crystalline  limestone,  with  lenticular  beds  of 
blue  chert,  containing  small  lamella  branch  fossils  in  the  lower  part ; 
and  at  the  bottom  4'  deep-blue  concretionary,  argillaceous  limestone, 
in  shales,  containing  impressions  of  plants.  Three-quarters  of  a 
mile  north-east  of  Liberty  the  section  appears  thus  : — 

No.  I — 2'  thinly-laminated,  blue,  silicious  limestone,  interstratified 
with  blue  chert,  and  containing  many  beautiful  univalves  silicified  ; 
also  some  impressions  of  plants  and  carbonaceous  stains. 

2 — 2%7  blue  silicious  limestone,  with  beds  of  blue  hornstone  in 
lenticular  strata  ;  vegetable  impressions. 

3 — 8'  blue  limestone,  with  many  fossil  plants  ;  also  Myalina  sub- 
quadrata,  Myalina  Kansasensis,  Pinna,  Orthoceras,  etc. 

One-half  of  a*"mile  east  of  Liberty  it  appears  thus  : — 

No.  84  is  lithologically  divided  into  two  portions  :  the  upper  five 


CLAY  COUNTY. 


321 


or  six  feet  in  two  beds  ;  the  top  bed  of  2'  6",  of  buff  drab,  and  the 
lower  very  fine-grained,  compact,  flesh,  dove  or  fawn  colored,  with 

Fig.   94. 


{MILE    EAST  OF   LIBERTY 
CLAY  CO 

many  particles  of  calc-spar  disseminated  through  it  ;  below  the  last 
is  found  No.  83,  consisting  of  11'  of  light-gray,  white,  and  bluish- 
drab  crystalline  limestone,  weathering  whitish  buff,  and  containing 
Pr.  costatus,  Pr.  Prattcnianus,  Pr.  splcndcns,  and  Pr.  punctatus. 

No.  8 1  is  51^  feet  blue  and  bituminous  shales,  divided  thus  :— 
No.  I  —  i'  clay  shale. 

2 — 2^/2  feet  bituminous  shale  =  8ib. 

3 — i'  dark,  argillaceous  shales,  containing  many  small,  round, 

calcareous  concretions  =  8ia. 
4 — i'  6"  dark-blue  clay  shales  =  8ia. 

78  and  80  consist  of  12'  to  21'  "  Bethany  Falls"  limestone.  At 
Randolph  it  is  16  feet  thick,  of  which  the  upper  7'  (No.  80)  is  brittle, 
shelly,  and  fucoidal,  fine-grained,  dove-colored,  the  lower  part 
bluish  gray,  and  contains  Pr.  costatus  and  Pr.  splendcns.  This 
rock  I  have  called  "  Bethany  Falls  Limestone,"  because  it  seems  to 
be  the  same  seen  at  Bethany,  Harrison  County,  where  it  is  well 
marked  as  forming  falls  across  the  stream. 

Sec.  No.  189,  taken  at  NORTH  MISSOURI  JUNCTION,  exhibits 
very  plainly  the  different  beds  from  No.  78  to  No.  85,  as  follows  :  — 

i — 14  inches  of  blue  limestone,  containing  crinoid  stems,  chone- 
tes,  etc. 

2  —2^  feet  of  blue  clay  shales. 

3 — 4  inches  black  streak  of  rotten  coal. 

4 — 8  feet  8  inches  of  deep-blue  cherty  limestone,  in  irregular  lay- 
ers ;  at  3  feet  from  top  is  10  inches  of  shales.  The  top  layer  is  shaly, 

and  abounds  in  remains  of  leaves  of  plants,  probably    Cordaites, 
21 


322  GEOL OGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

on  which  are  often  found  reposing  univalves  belonging  most  prob- 
ably to  the  genera  Pleurotomaria,  MurcJiisonia  and  Loxonema. 
This  shaly,  black  band  passes  into  the  next  subordinate  cherty  beds. 
The  fossils  are  generally  of  white  chert  composition  on  outer  crust, 
and  blue  within  ;  the  chert  layers  deep-blue  within,  changing  to  de- 
composing white  on  the  exterior  surface.  The  contained  fossils 
include  MurcJiisonia  ?  Naticopsis  Pricei,  Platyostoma  Pcoriensis, 
BelleropJion  percarinatus,  Bell.  Montfortiana,  Pleurotomaria  splie- 
rulata,  Bell,  carbonarius,  Pinna  peracuta,  Myalina  Kansasensis,  M. 

subquadrata,  Pseudomonotis  ?  Lingula ,  Athyris  subtilita,  Hcmi- 

pronites  crassus,  Productus  symmetricus,  P.  Rogersii,  PJiillipsia, 
Bryozoa,  Nautilus,  Rhombopora  lepidodendroides. 

5 — 9  feet  4  inches  limestone  in  two  thick  beds,  lower  ash-blue. 
6 — 5  inches  blue  shale. 

7 — 5  feet  8  inches  limestone  in  irregular  layers  ;  gray  contains 
Prod,  costatus,  P.  punctatus,  P.  splendens,  Chonetes  —  —,  Crinoid 
stems. 

8 — 5  inches  blue  shales.  • 

9 — 14  inches  hard,  light-gray  and  somewhat  concretionary  lime- 
stone ;  contains  Myalina  Swallovi,  Prod,  splendcns,   and  Athyris 
subtilita,  equivalent  to  No.  82  of  Gen.  Sec. 
IO — ii  inches  blue  shale. 
II — 19  inches  bituminous  shales. 
12 — 2  feet  blue  clay  shales. 

13 — 20  feet  8  inches  Bethany  Falls  limestone  ;  contains  P.  costatus, 
Athyris  subtilita,    Spirifer    cameratus,  Meekclla  striatopora   and 
Syringapora  multattenuata. 
14 — 2  feet  blue  shales. 

15 — 5  feet  slope,  talus  of  above  to  railroad  track. 
Sec.  187,  just  above  Liberty  Landing,  is  as  follows  : — 
No.  i — 10  feet  limestone. 
2 — i  foot  blue  shales. 
3 — 6  feet  4  inches  bluish-gray  limestone. 
4 — 2^/2  feet  bituminous  shales. 
5 — 2  feet  blue  shales. 
6 — 4  feet  nodular  limestone. 
7 — 13  inches  whitish,  oolitic  limestone. 
8  — 14  feet  8  inches  fucoidal  limestone. 
9 — 6  feet  bluish-drab  limestone,  irregularly  bedded. 


CLAY  COUNTY. 


323 


No.  10 — 26  inches  blue  clay  shales  ;  springs  issue  from  this. 
II — 16  inches  bituminous  shales. 
12 — 18    inches  dull,  blue  pyritiferous  limestone,   small   calcite 

streaks  are  common. 
13 — 7  inches  blue  shales. 

14 — 6  inches   concretionary  limestone  ;  many  fossils,  including 
Meekella  striato-costata,  Hemipronites  crassus,  Sp.  lineatus, 
Athyris  subtilita,  C/ionetes,  C'rinoid  stems,  Rhombopora  lepi- 
dodendroides,  Lop  hop  ky  Hum,  etc. 
1 5 — 2  feet  6  inches  blue  clay  shales. 
16 — 4  feet  gray  limestone,  weathers  brown. 

17 — 2  feet  16  inches  hard,  coarse-grained,  gray  limestone  ;  contains' 
Sp.  cameratus,  Crinoid  stems,  Athyris  subtilita,  and  a  coral. 
No.  77  =  2'  to  4'  blue  and  bituminous  shale. 
The  section  at  RANDOLPH  discloses — 
2^  feet  argillaceous  shales. 
\y2  feet  bituminous  shales. 

No.  76,  at  Randolph,  appears  as  16"  of  ashy-blue  limestone  ;  three 
and  a  half  miles  east  of  Liberty  it  is  9''  thick,  and  jointed  perpendic- 
ularly. 

Nos.  76,  a  and  b,  at  Randolph,  exhibit  2'  6"  nodular  limestone 
and  shales,  very  fossiliferous  ;  containing  Meekella  striato-costata, 
Pr.  Prattenianus ,  Chonetes,  Rhombopora  and  Hemipronites  crassus, 
and  Aviculopecten. 

No.  74  is  6'  bluish-gray  and  buff  silico-ferruginous  limestone  ; 
weathers  brown  ;  contains  Pr.  splendens.  Below  this  I  observed  40 
feet,  consisting  in  upper  part  of  20'  sandy  shales,  with  calcareous 
beds  near  the  base,  containing  Myalina  and  Pr*  Norivoodii.  The 
lower  part  is  sandstone. 

The    following  Sec.  23  on  East  Fork  of  Fishing  River,  at  cross- 
ing of  Richmond  and  Liberty  road,  includes  some  of  the  lower 
beds ; — 
No.  i— Bluff. 

2 — II  feet  limestone  ;  nodular  on  top,  even  and  gray  below; 
has  brown  stains  at  lower  part,  and  resembles  "  Bethany 
Falls  limestone." 

3 — 11'  slope,  on  which  is  an  outcrop  of  even-bedded,  brownish- 
gray  and  bluish-drab  limestone  ;  brown  stains.   ] 
4 — 5'  limestone  ;  resembles  No.  2. 


324  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

No.  5 — 53'  slope,  mostly  sandy  shales. 
6 — i'  gray  limestone. 
7 — 27'  sandy  shales. 

The  following  section,  taken  on  Williams  Creek  near  Greenville, 
is  probably  above  the  last : — 

No.  i — 6'  gray  limestone,  containing  many  small  Producti,  Athy- 
ris,  etc. 

2 — 30'  to  35'  slope. 

3 — 4'  outcrop  of  drab,  silicious,'  fine-grained  limestone.  No  fos- 
sils, but  at  lower  part  is  a  grayish  bed,  abounding  in  Bryozoa,  Pr. 
Norwoodii,  Pr.  splendens. 

4 — 1 6'  blue  shales. 

5 — 6'  shaly  limestone,  abounding  in  Spr.  (Martinid)  planocon- 
vexus  and  Spr.  Kentuckensis. 

6 — i'  6"  jointed  rhomboidal  limestone. 

7 — 14'  shales. 

8 — 3"  dark,  ashy,  shaly  limestone. 

9 — 10'  shales  and  beds  of  nodular,  bluish-drab,  argillaceous  lime- 
stone. 

10 — 6'  shales,  with  Chonetes  and  Pr.  splendens  at  top. 

1 1 — 9'  limestone,  rough-looking  at  top  ;  for  two  feet  below  is 
irregularly  bedded  ;  bluish  gray,  with  small  Productus. 

The  following  section,  on  Camp  Creek,  may  include  rocks  a  short 
distance  below  the  Plattsburgh  limestone  : — 

No.  i — Slope  ;    on  lower  part  hickory,  laurel  oak,  cornus,  etc. 

2 — 7'  irregular  bed  of  limestone  ;  color  gray;  contains  a  winding 
coral. 

3 — 10'  shaly  slope. 

31^ — 2'  rough-looking,  drab  limestone. 

4 — 9'  shales. 

5  —3'  limestone,  abounding  in  Bryozoa  and  remains  of  corals. 

6—8'  shales. 

7 — 2!  bituminous  shales. 

8 — 6"  blue  limestone;  somewhat  resembles  No.  2. 

9 — 10'  slope. 

10 — Limestone  in  creek. 


CLAY  COUNTY.  325 

Economical  Geology. 

Good  timber,  useful  for  most  purposes,  abounds  in  this  county, 
especially  in  the  southern  half,  as  also  on  all  the  streams,  and  in- 
cludes hickory,  red  oak,  red-chestnut  oak,  burr  oak,  laurel  oak,  ash, 
sugar-tree,  cottomvood  and  cherry,  hackberry,  black  walnut,  elm, 
honey  locust,  and  coffee-tree. 

Building  Materials. — Quarries  of  rock,  good  for  ordinary  build- 
ing purposes,  occur  along  the  bluffs  of  all  the  streams.  No.  108  is 
quarried  at  Liberty,  and  is  much  used  for  building.  No.  90  affords 
a  beautiful  building  material,  and  would  also  make  good  lime  ;  it  is 
seen  near  Liberty.  In  the  bluffs,  north  of  Harlem,  No.  87  occurs  in 
good  thick  beds  for  building  purposes  ;  it  is  easy  to  work,  and 
durable.  In  the  railroad  cut,  near  Liberty,  the  oolitic  part  of  No. 
87  affords  a  bed  of  good  building-rock.  No.  84  probably  affords  as 
good  a  material  for  building  as  any  rock  in  the  county. 

Three-quarters  of  a  mile  east  of  Liberty  the  upper  part  occurs 
in  very  good  and  thick  beds  ;  also  near  Randolph,  and  in  the  bluffs  at 
Missouri  City,  it  would  be  useful  for  work  requiring  large  dimen- 
sion stone  ;  the  lower  beds  are  thin,  white  and  gray  colors,  and 
work  easily. 

The  upper  part  of  No.  78  could  be  quarried  in  large,  thick  blocks, 
is  very  durable,  but  probably  is  too  brittle  to  be  very  useful  ;  the 
lower  beds  are  thinner  and  more  easily  worked  ;  it  is  seen  on  the 
Missouri  bluffs  from  Randolph  to  Missouri  City,  also  on  Big  Shoal 
Creek  and  Fishing  River.  The  beds  of  limestone  below  the  last- 
named  are  not  often  easily  attained,  on  account  of  the  debris  from 
the  sandstone  and  shales  which  often  overlie  them.  Limestone, 
useful  for  burning  into  lime,  is  found  nearly  everywhere.  Sand- 
stone occurs  in  the  bluffs  of  most  of  the  streams ;  it  is  often  too 
soft  and  shaly  to  be  used  for  many  purposes. 

Coal. — No  beds  of  workable  coal  have  yet  been  found  in  this 
county,  nor  will  there  ever  be  any  found  of  sufficient  thickness  to 
be  worked.  No  useful  minerals  exist  in  Clay  County.  A  thin  seam 
of  coal  has  been  seen  in  the  bluffs  at  Missouri  City,  but  not  of  suffi- 
cient thickness  to  be  worked. 

Soil. — Most  of  the  land  in  this  county  is  rich.  A  small  part  of 
the  county  east  of  Williams  Creek  is  rather  poor,  but  supports  a 
growth  of  post  oak,  black  oak,  white  oak,  black  hickory  and 


326  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

fragrant  sumach.  Some  of  the  land  also,  near  Wilkerson's  Creek, 
Raccoon  Creek  and  Smith's  fork  of  Platte,  is  not  very  good. 
Aside  from  this,  the  rest  of  the  county  consists  of  good  land,  and 
some  tracts  are  very  rich. 

But  the  soil  of  this  county  cannot  be  said  to  be  as  rich  as  that  of 
Platte  or  even  a  part  of  Buchanan.  Aside  from  these  two  counties, 
I  think  that  Clay  may  be  favorably  compared  with  any  other  in  the 
State.  Hemp  is  a  staple  crop  ;  the  best  lands  often  produce  1,000 
Ibs.  per  acre. 

Of  the  lands  in  the  north-east  part  of  the  county,  the  bottoms  pro- 
duce good  hemp  crops,  the  hills  corn  and  grass  ;  the  new  lands 
producing  50  bushels  of  corn  per  acre.  For  several  years  prior  to 
1 86 1  the  wheat  crop  was  inferior.  The  best  lands  will  produce  75 
bushels  of  corn  per  acre.  This  county  is  good  for  apples,  but 
peaches  do  not  every  year  succeed  well.  Blue  grass  seems  to  flour- 
ish well  everywhere.  The  hills  based  on  the  bluff  soil  are  often 
covered  with  a  beautiful  green  carpet  of  blue  grass. 


CHAPTER   XI. 

GEOLOGY   OF   PLATTE  COUNTY. 

BY 
G.  C.  BROADHEAD. 

PLATTE  COUNTY  has  an  area  of  405  square  miles.  It  is  somewhat 
triangular  in  shape,  the  north  and  east  sides  forming  a  right  angle, 
the  Missouri  River  occupying  the  place  of  an  irregular  hypothenuse. 

Topography. — The  Missouri  bottoms  average  about  two  miles  in 
width.  The  bluffs  vary  from  150  to  300  feet  in  height.  The 
highest,  one  and  a  half  miles  above  latan,  is  335  feet  high,  and 
three  miles  above  Weston  the  bluffs  are  311  feet  high  ;  their  profile 
is  formed  in  several  terraces  which  can  often  be  traced  for  miles. 
The  bluffs  on  Platte  River  are  from  70  to  130  feet  in  height,  and 
near  Platte  City  are  much  lower  (from  40  to  60  feet) ;  its  bottoms 
are  not  often  more  than  a  quarter  to  a  half-mile  wide.  The  bluffs 
on  Todd's  Creek,  near  its  mouth,  are  about  90  feet,  and  three  miles 
up-stream  they  are  fifty  feet  in  height.  Near  the  heads  of  the 
streams  flowing  toward  the  Missouri,  the  slopes  are  gentle,  be- 
coming steeper,  and  the  hills  higher,  as  we  approach  the  river 
bluffs.  Adjacent  to  the  other  streams  the  country  is  hilly  and  gently 
rolling,  becoming  more  undulating  as  we  approach  the  uplands, 
which  are  gently  undulating  and  rolling,  sloping  just  enough  to  form 
most  desirable  farming  lands.  Township  52,  Range  34,  is  very 
gently  undulating,  also  T.  54,  R's  34  and  35. 

Timber  and  Prairie. — The  area  of  prairie  is  but  limited,  com- 
prising about  one-fourth  of  Township  52,  Range  34,  a  small  area  in 
north-east  and  south-east,  and  about  a  quarter  of  Township  54> 
Range  34.  The  remainder  of  the  county  is  mostly  heavily  tim- 
bered, comprising  principally  linden,  elm,  ash,  honey  locust,  coffee- 
tree,  rock-chestnut  oak,  black  walnut,  pawpaw,  red  oak,  etc. 
Sugar  trees  abound  in  the  north-west  part  of  the  county  ;  white  oak 
is  very  rarely  seen. 


328 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


The   following   is    a   list    of  the   trees   and   shrubs    seen    in  the 
county  : — 


Amor'pJia  frnticosa. 

White  ash. 

Blackberry. 

Coralberry. 

Coffee-tree. 

Red  root. 

Cornus   sericea    ("Kinnikin- 

nick" ). 

American  elm. 
Greenbrier. 
Hazel. 
Gooseberry. 

Thick  shell-bark  hickory. 
Honey  locust. 
Sugar  maple. 
Mulberry. 
Burr  oak. 
Black  oak. 
Laurel  oak. 
Prairie  rose. 
Sycamore. 
Rhus  Toxicodendron,  or 

poison  oak. 
Black  walnut. 


Crabapple. 
Prickly  ash. 
Buckeye. 
Black  cherry. 
Cottonwood. 
Cornus  asperifolia. 
Common  elder. 
Grape. 
Hackberry. 
Black  haw. 
Shell-bark  hickory. 
Ironwood. 
Linden. 
White  maple. 
White  oak. 
Rock-chestnut  oak. 
Red  oak. 
Red  bud. 
Raspberry. 
Sumach  (2  sp.). 
Virginia  creeper. 
Red  root. 

Staff-tree,  or  wahoo. 
Pawpaw. 


Streams  and  Supplies  of  Water. — The  streams  in  this  county 
are  mostly  quite  clear  and  running.  Platte  River  possesses  suf- 
ficient water-power  to  keep  several  mills  at  work  during  the  whole 
year. 

Good  springs  are  found  nearly  everywhere.  Wherever  No.  112 
occurs  near  the  base  of  hills,  good  springs  are  seen  flowing  from 
beneath.  Good  springs  abound  along  Platte  River  and  the 
Missouri  bluffs. 

A  quarter  of  a  mile  below  Parkville  there  is  a  fall  of  16  feet  in 
height,  over  which  the  water  passes  clear  as  crystal,  and,  splashing 
on  the  rocks  below,  forms  a  beautiful,  transparent  basin  of  water. 


PLATTE  COUNTY.  329 

Geology. —  Quaternary  Formations — Alluvium. — This  formation 
does  not  materially  differ  from  similar  formations  seen  in  other 
counties  ;  it  is  well  developed  along  the  Missouri. 

Bottom  Prairie.— The  Platte  River  bottoms  consist  chiefly  of  a 
deposit  of  dark,  stiff  clay. 

Blufl^  or  Loess. — This  formation  is  best  developed  on  the  Mis- 
souri hills.  The  street  excavations  in  Weston  exhibit  it  very  favor- 
ably. It  seems  mostly  to  be  a  finely  comminuted  brown-ash  clay, 
which  is  sometimes  sandy.  Mastodon  teeth  have  been  found  on 
Line  Creek.  The  bank  of  the  creek  here  appears  thus  : — 
No.  I.  10  to  12  feet  of  brown  clay. 

2— 5  to  6  feet  dark-brown  clay,  with  some  sand. 
3 — A  few  feet  of  pebbles. 

4 — Blue  clay  ;  the  tooth  probably  came  from  lower  beds  of 
this  section. 

Drift. — Three  and  a  half  miles  above  Weston  I  noticed,  immedi- 
ately underlying  the  bluff  marls,  about  36  feet,  consisting  mostly  of 
granite  bowlders,  coal-measure  limestone,  quartzite  and  greenstone 
intermingled  with  clay  and  sand. 

Coal  Series. — The  rocks  in  Platte  County  all  belong  to  the  Upper 
Coal-measures,  and  include  about  685  feet,  from  No.  160  to  85  of 
Missouri  River  Section  inclusive.  Their  dip  is  north-west,  and 
shows  a  total  dip,  from  the  south-east  corner  to  the  north-west  corner 
of  the  county,  of  a  little  over  500  feet.  Along  the  north  end  of  the 
county,  from  Union  Mills,  on  Platte  River,  to  the  Missouri  bluffs, 
they  show  a  dip  of  400  feet.  From  Parkville  due  north  to  Union 
Mills  the  strata  are  nearly  level.  The  rocks  of  the  county  include 
about  207  feet  of  limestone,  117  feet  of  sandstone,  and  the  re- 
mainder consists  mostly  of  shales.  In  describing  the  different  beds 
of  rock,  I  have  thought  it  best  to  use  the  numbers  corresponding 
to  those  of  my  General  Section. 

The  following  section  includes  all  the  rocks  seen  in  this  county : — 

No.  No.  in  Gen.  Sec. 

I — 5  feet  buff  limestone 160 

2 — 30  feet  slope , 

3 — 6  inches  coarse,  gray,  shaly  limestone,  contains  tuteumergle 152 

4 — 4  feet  argillo-calcareous  shales 151 

5 — 35  feet  irregularly-bedded  cherty  limestone 150 

6 — \\  feet  blue  and  bituminous  shales 148  &  149 

7 — 2  feet  even-bedded,  hard,  blue  limestone 147 


330  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-  WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

No.  No.  in  Gen.  Sec. 

8 — 12  feet  shales 146 

9 — 8  feet  buff  limestone 143 

10 — 30  feet  slope — sandy  shales 142 

1 1 — 5  feet  red  shales — good  paint-bed 139 

12 — 7  feet  even-bedded  ferruginous  limestone 137 

13 — 65  feet — probably  all  shales,  contains  i  foot  coal  near  the  lower  part.  . .  . 

14 — Red  shales 130 

15 — 4  feet  limestone 128 

16 — 27  feet  shales 

17 — 29  feet  sandy  and  argillaceous  shales,  with  concretions  of  carbonate  of 

iron 127 

1 8 — 2\  feet  blue,  shaly  limestone  and  shales,  abounding  in  fossils 129 

19 — 1 6  feet  blue  or  olive  shales 125 

20 — 8  inches  drab  sandstone 124 

21 — 10  inches  black  shales,  with  plants  and  thin  laminae  of  coal 123 

22 — 6  feet  sandy  shales 122 

23 — 18  feet  gray  limestone 121 

24 — 56  feet  slope,  mostly  shales  and  sandstone  at  lower  part 

25 — 12  feet  argillaceous  shales,  at  one  place  replaced  by  16  feet  of  sandstone — 

coal-seam  here 

26 — 2  feet  9  inches  ashy  limestone — arenaceous 115 

27 — i  foot  6  inches  green  argillaceous  shales 

28 — 3  feet  ochreous  limestone 113 

29 — \T>\  feet  gray  limestone,  contains  archseocidaris 112 

30 — 5  feet  blue  and  bituminous  shales in 

31 — 1£  feet  argillaceous  shales 

32 — 4  feet  even-bedded  blue  limestone,  Pr.  Rogersii  abounds I IO 

33 — i  foot  shale 

34 — 10  feet  ripple-marked  sandstone 109 

35 — 4  feet  sandy  shales 

36 — 20  feet  Plattsburgh  limestone — many  fine  fossils 108 

37 — 3  feet  calcareous  sandstone 107 

38 — 16  feet  sandy  shales 

39 — 16  to  38  feet  sandstone,  ripple-marked 103 

40 — Shaly  at  lower  part  of  above 101 

41 — 3  feet  brownish-gray  limestone,  sometimes  oolitic 100 

42 — 33  feet  sandy  shales 99 

43 — 13  feet  gray  limestone 98 

44 — 25  feet  shales 97 

45 — 6  feet  ashy-gray  limestone,  with  large  Productus 96 

46 — 24  feet  slope,  includes  blue  and  bituminous  shales. 

47 — 10  feet  greenish  limestone,  contains  Campophyllum 90 

48 — 4  feet  pea-green,  argillaceous  shales 

49  — 15  feet  fine-grained,  silicious  and  cherty  limestone 

50 — 10  feet  shaly  slope,  4  feet  shales  at  top 89 

51 — 6  inches  argillaceous  shales 

52—  6  inches  to  i  foot  even-bedded,  dark,  shaly  limestone 


PLATTE  COUNTY.  331 

No.  [No.  in  Gen.  Sec. 

53 — 7  feet  shaly  slope 86 

54 — 10   inches  hard,  deep-blue  limestone 

55 — 7  feet  shales 

56 — 4  feet  deep-blue  limestone,  with  deep-blue  chert 85 

57 — 4  feet  deep- blue,  concretionary,  argillaceous  limestone  and  shales 85 

No.  160  occurs  in  the  north-west  part  of  the  county,  on  top  of 
hills  north  of  Short  Creek  ;  itis  tolerably  fine-grained,  buff  limestone 
five  or  six  feet  in  thickness. 

No.  152,  as  occurring  in  this  county,  is  an  even-bedded,  coarse, 
ashy-blue  or  gray,  shelly  and  shaly  limestone,  breaks  very  rough 
and  irregularly  in  a  vertical  direction  ;  it  was  only  observed  near 
latan  and  Block's  Mills. 

No.  97  is  4  feet  argillo-calcareous  shales,  and  contains  a  thin  bed 
of  fibrous  carbonate  of  lime  and  iron,  or  "  cone  in  cone"  (tuten 
mergel),  which  seems  to  be  formed  of  a  series  of  cones  whose  bases 
are  the  upper  and  lower  surfaces  of  the  stratum,  and  whose  vertices 
interlock  between. 

No.  1 50  occurs  high  in  the  bluffs,  from  the  west  county  line  to 
within  three  miles  of  Weston.  It  is  found  high  in  the  bluffs  in  T. 
54,  R.  36,  W.  ;  its  beds  are  very  irregular  and  are  separated  by  thin 
bands  of  buff  shales  ;  color  is  ashy  blue,  buff  or  gray,  and  weathers 
buff;  it  contains  much  chert,  especially  near  the  upper  part. 
Fusulina  cylindrica  abounds  in  the  upper  part  ;  its  thickness  is 
generally  about  20  feet ;  its  greatest  observed  thickness  just  below 
latan  is  22^  feet.  Two  miles  above  it  is  35  feet  thick. 

No.  148.  A  half-mile  below  latan  I  observed  4^  feet  of  blue  and 
bituminous  shales. 

No.  143.  On  the  Missouri  bluffs,  35^  miles  above  Weston,  at  Sec. 
7  (=17  of  1872),  I  noticed  5  feet  of  a  thick-bedded,  brown  limestone 
cropping  out  at  an  elevation  of  220  feet  above  the  bottoms ;  con- 
tains but  few  fossils  ;  I  observed  an  Allorisma.  At  this  place  are  ex- 
posed 200  feet,  mostly  shales,  from  No.  143  to  122,  including  a  thin 
coal-seam,  several  layers  of  carbonate  of  iron,  two  beds  of  red 
shales,  and  9  inches  of  coal.  A  copy  of  the  section  here  will  be 
found  in  my  general  descriptive  Section  of  Upper  Coal-measures. 

No.  126  was  observed  four  miles  north  of  Weston,  near  the  St.  Jo- 
seph Road,  abounding  in  many  fossils  ;  it  was  also  observed  just  above 
latan,  and  on  the  upper  slope  at  Weston.  I  suppose  it  to  occupy  a 
position  very  near  the  shale  beds  near  Gentryville,  Gentry  County, 


332 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


which  so  abounded  in  Nuculana  and  Astartella.  It  is  argillaceous 
and  calcareous,  dark  ash  and  blue  ;  its  fossils  include  Myalina  sub- 
quadrata,  BelleropJion  carbonarius,  B.  Grayvillensis,  B.  Meekii,  B. 
percarinatus,  Loxonema,  Pleurotomaria,  SpJitzrulata,  Bellcrophon 

,  Nautilus  nodoso-dorsatus,  Pinna,  Astartella  vera,  Lcda  Oweni 

and  Edmondia  Nebrascensis. 

Fig-  95- 


PROFILE 
Or    WEATHtRCO    FACE 

OF  LIMESTONE    I2f 
BETW  ,  WCSTON  *,  I  AT  AN 


Concretionary  bed  of  septaria  and  ochre. 

6  feet  shales. 

No.  126.   Stratum  of  calcareous  shales,  with  fossils. 

5  feet  of  clay  shales. 

In  descending  the  river,  No.  121  is  first  seen  one  mile  above 
latan.  Following  down  the  bluffs,  it  gradually  is  seen  higher  ;  two 
miles  below  it  is  30  feet  above  the  railroad  ;  one  mile  further  about 
grade  ;  from  this  point  to  Weston  it  gradually  rises  to  an  elevation 
of  83  feet,  from  which  it  undulates  near  the  same  elevation  to  Bev- 
erly. Large  tumbled  masses  are  often  found  below,  sometimes  of 


PLATTE  COUNTY. 


333 


great  size,  and  many  are  often  seen  at  intervals  along  a  certain 
horizon,  causing  one  almost  to  think  they  form  a  bed  in  place.     It 


Fig.  96. 


SECTION   10 

JUST  ABOVE  IATAN 


=-=.^=^.\       Yellow  near  the 


^^ "==^^^^^==1       23  feet  shales, 

^==r~-=~Lm  brown  and  drab. 


Limestone  No.  121. 

occurs  in  what  seems  to  be  mostly  one  bed,  in  close-grained,  gray  or 
whitish,  silicious  and  hard  at  top,  brown-streaked  below,  weathers 
dark  and  ashy-drab,  is  rather  brittle  ;  in  thickness  it  varies  from  14 
to  1 8  feet;  it  contains  Atliyris  subtilita,  Syntrilasma  hemiplicata, 
Spiriferina  Kentuckensis,  tlemipronites  crassus  and  Pleurotomaria. 
At  Weston  we  have  68  to  70  feet,  from  Nos.  121  to  112,  consist- 
ing principally  of  shales,  but  near  the  head  of  Todd's  Creek  I  noticed 
rocks  at  the  base  of  120,  as  follows  : — 
No.  2 — 2  feet  dove-colored  and  somewhat  shaly  limestone ;  weathers 

buff. 

3 — i  foot  2  inches  blue  limestone  ;  works  free. 
4 — i  foot  blue  calcareous  and  micaceous  sandstone  ;  contains 

Myalina  and  Aviculopecten  occidentalis. 
5 — 10  feet  shaly  slope. 
6 — Limestone  =  No.  112. 

A  section  on  the  Missouri  bluff,  near  Waldron,  Fig.  97,  shows  an  ab- 
sence of  the  last-named  strata.  In  their  place  we  find  10  feet  of  very 
thick-bedded  brown  sandstone,  containing  some  concretions  of  iron- 
ore  and  a  few  flag-like  plant-remains,  and  resting  immediately  on 
No.  113.  The  lower  part  is  seen  one  mile  above,  and  a  quarter- 
mile  below,  occurring  as  a  coarse  conglomerate. 

No.  115  is  3  feet  of  blue  arenaceous  limestone,  containing  Chonetes 
Verneuiliana,  Athyris  subtilita,  Myalina  subquadrata,  Aviculopec- 
ten  carbonarius,   Hemipronites    crassus,  Prod.   Prattenianus,    and 
Bryozoa.     Below  No.   115,  and  resting  on  113,  we  have  at  Weston 
i  to  3  feet  shales. 


334  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

F'g-  97- 


SAN  DSTOUE    N*.  1(6 


CONGLOMERATE 

'UMESTONC  «:  H3  , 


LIMESTONE      HI?     IO8. 


SECTI  OH 
NEAR    H«tLTOP    AT    WAUtTftON. 


No.  113  consists,  at  Weston,  of  about  3^  feet  of  buff  or  ochreous 
brown  limestone  in  one  bed,  and  having  a  pot-metal  ring  ;  it  rests 
on  112  and  is  nearly  always  present  with  it.  Near  Waldron  it  is 
6  feet  thick.  No.  112.  In  the  railroad  cut  above  Weston  is  seen  5 
feet  of  fine-grained  limestone,  in  even  6-inch  layers,  reddish  or  fleshy- 
gray,  with  specks  of  pellucid  calc-spar  disseminated,  and  generally 
brownish  near  the  top  ;  I  noticed  Prodnctus  splendens,  Sp.  Kcntuck- 
ensis,  Fusulina,  Archceocidaris,  and  fragments  of  Crinoid  stems. 
Below  Weston  it  is  13  feet  thick.  Sec.  14,  west  of  Platte  City, 
shows  the  upper  2  feet  a  yellowish  brown,  then  1 */£  feet  shelly  and 
shaly  ;  below,  the  beds  are  fleshy-gray,  with  some  beds  nearly  a 
pure  white.  From  Weston,  south-east  along  the  bluffs,  it  thickens  ; 
at  Farley  it  crowns  the  hill-tops ;  across  Platte  it  rises  rapidly  in  the 
bluffs,  forming  the  highest  well-marked  rock  east  of  Platte  River. 
It  contains  but  few  fossils,  of  which  Athyris  sub  t  Hit  a  is  the  most 
abundant. 

The  following  section,  Fig.  98,  at  Rialto,  includes  strata  from  No. 
109  to  No.  115  inclusive  : — 

No.  no  occurs  in  very  even  layers.  On  Todd's  Creek  it  was  ob- 
served 3  feet  thick  ;  west  of  Brush  Creek,  4  feet  thick,  with  sandy 
shales  below,  and  6  inches  of  argillaceous  shales  overlying  it.  Its 
fossils  are  Pr.  Nebrascensis,  Pr.  cequicostatus,  Syntrilasma  hemi- 


PLATTE  COUNTY. 


335 


plicata,  Athyris  sub  t  Hit  a,  Meekella  striato-costata,  Hcmipronites 
crassus,  Allorisma  granosa  and  Pr.  punctatus  /  Prod.  Nebrascensis 
abounds. 

Fig.  98. 

£intesto-fie    /V?  115, 


12-9 


£«*qM*MitYjir?/M  jr-^j 

iSW-v     42-ra.fei  I*    T 


»  '    -  •IiiO'.       /      •  •  T* '   • 


SECTION     AT    Rl  A  LTO 
PLATTE    CO . 

No.  109.  Below  Weston  we  have  9^  feet  of  ripple-marked 
sandstone,  concretionary  and  calcareous,  resting  on  4  feet  of  sandy 
shales.  Near  Farley  it  is  seen  17  feet  thick.  Following  up  Platte 
River  we  find  this  thinner,  and  at  Skinner's  Mill  only  7  feet  thick, 
consisting  mostly  of  argillaceous  shales.  It  thus  seems  to  vary 
very  much  both  in  thickness  and  constituency. 

No.  108.  A  series  of  rocks  well  marked  and  abounding  near 
Plattsburgh,  in  Clinton  County,  is  called,  for  sake  of  distinction, 
"  Plattsburgh  Limestone."  This  includes — 

I  — i  to  3  feet  of  buff",  drab  and  shaly,  fine-grained  limestone, 
with  a  pot-metal  ring. 

2 — 13  to  22  feet  of  limestone,  with  two  thin  beds  of  dark-col- 
ored and  bituminous  shale,  and  with  blue  chert  in  the  middle. 

3 — 3  feet  of  calcareous  sandstone  =  No.  107. 

The  2d  first  appears  one  and  a  half  miles  above  Farley  ;  from 
thence  it  rises  rapidly  in  the  bluffs  for  twelve  miles  below,  at  which 


336 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


point  it  is  nearly  100  feet  above  the  base  ;  it  then  recedes  to  the 
uplands,  back.  Along  Platte  River  it  mostly  crops  out  near  the 
base  of  its  bluffs,  occasionally  rising  in  them  ;  from  the  south  part 
of  Township  53  to  Union  Mills  it  is  the  highest  rock.  It  is  gener- 
ally an  ashy-gray  or  bluish-ash  limestone,  containing  grayish-blue 
chert  in  the  upper  part.  It  thickens  south-eastwardly,  is  13  feet 
thick  at  Farley,  and  five  miles  south-east  is  as  much  as  20  feet  thick. 
It  is  not  often  over  13  to  14  feet  thick  on  Platte  River.  On  Todd's 
Creek  it  is  22  feet  thick. 

Sec.  21,  just  above  Ringgold,  appears  thus  : — 


Fig.  99. 


SECTION    21  . 

JUST    ABOVt    RINGGOLD 
PtATTE   CO. 


1-6 


tifpxrtoa.lfgrfrn.loto 

'?«7i.crc2'iow«rt)    fi  i 
'•SV*n.  leddroL    biTn^e 
~"~  - 


hadF  lllff 


Greenish    6a.nety 
COn.t~a.i-nS    Af^oJ.i.1 

And 


Above  the  arenaceous  bed  is  13  feet,  the  upper  2  feet  and  lower  2 
feet  in  very  thick,  irregular  beds  ;  between  are  thin  beds,  some 
decomposing  and  shaly,  with  buff,  shaly  partings  between  the  beds  ; 
fractures  show  a  bluish  crystalline  ;  the  top  of  No.  2  is  cherty. 
Fossils  found  here  were  Myalina,  BelleropJion,  Rliombopora,  Athyris 
and  Bryozoa. 

Sec.  No.  27,  near  the  mouth  of  Todd's  Creek  :— 

No.  i  —  zofeet  slope,  outcrops  of  gray  limestone  near  lower  part. 

2 — 2  feet  buff  and  drab,  fine-grained,  silicious  limestone ;  has  a 
pot-metal  ring  and  weathers  buff. 

3 — 15  feet  mottled,  ashy-blue,  irregularly  bedded  limestone; 
contains  blue  chert. 

4  —  1  foot  shales,  mostly  argillaceous,  near  upper  part  olive, 
middle  somewhat  dark  bituminous,  and  brown  at  bottom. 

5 — 10  inches  tough,  blue  limestone. 

6 — 8  inches  shales,  like  No.  4. 


PLATTE  COUNTY. 


337 


No.  7  —  4  feet  limestone,  like  No.  5. 

8  —  50  feet  slope  to  bottoms  ;  some 
outcrops  of  sandy  shales  lower 
down. 

Sec.  34  on  Missouri  bluffs,  near  Samuel 
Morrow's,  in  north-east  quarter  of  Sec- 
tion  n,  Township  51,  Range  35,  appears 


No.  i — Slope. 

2 — 1 1  feet  gray  limestone  =112. 

3 — 15  feet  slope;  comminuted  sand- 
stone is  seen. 

4 — 8  feet  dark-ash  limestone,  weathers 
brown  ;  contains  Bryozoa,  Pr.  cos- 
tatus,  Pr.  cequicostatus. 

5 — 2  feet  coarse  gray  and  minutely 
cherty  or  silicious  limestone,  irreg- 
ularly bedded. 

6 — 10  inches  shelly  limestone  —  re- 
mains of  fossils. 

7 — 2  inches  chert. 

8 — 6  inches  bluish  or  ashy-gray  lime- 
stone ;  numerous  remains  of  fos- 
sils leaving  calc-spar  lines  ;  con- 
tains Edmondia,  Solenomya,  etc., 
etc. 

9—2  feet  irregularly  bedded,  blue,  sha- 
ly  limestone  ;  weathers  to  brown  ; 
contains  Sp.  cameratus,  Productus 
Nebrascensis  and  Pr.  costatus  ;  has 
thin  lenticular  beds  of  chert. 

10 — 2  feet  soft,  decomposing,  brown 
limestone. 

II — I  foot  brown  and  gray  limestone  ; 
weathers  brown  ;  contains  Spirifer 
cameratus. 

12— i  foot  dark  shales. 

13 — 7  inches  limestone. 

14 — 2  inches  brown  clay. 
22 


Fig.  100. 

SECTION  St- 
PLAtTE  CO. 


3±rtn 


So 


MO.  BOTTOM^ 


338  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

No.  15 — 1^/2  feet  limestone,  full  of  fossils  ;  Fusulina  abounds. 
1 6 — 8  inches  clay  shales. 
17 — 6  inches  limestone. 
1 8 — 2  feet  shales. 
19 — 30  feet  slope. 
20 — 2\  feet  gray  silicious  limestone,  in  a  very  even  bed.     No. 

100. 
21 — 20  feet  to  Missouri  bottoms. 

Some  fine  fossils  were  collected  from  the  lower  members  of  the 
Plattsburgh  group  at  this  place,  including  Pleurotomaria  turbinifor- 

mis,  Monoptera ,  Pinna  per acuta,  Nautilus  occidentalis,  Allo- 

risma,  Eumicrotis,  Aviculopecten  ,  and  very  fine  Bryozoans, 

with  Athyris  subtilita  abounding  in  bottom  bed.  Prod,  costatus, 
Sp.  earner atus,  Prod.  Nebrascensis,  Prod.  Prattenianus,  Edmondia 
and  Solenomya  are  found  in  the  upper  beds. 

In  the  above  section  all  between  No.  3  and  No.  19  belongs  to 
the  Plattsburgh  limestone.  At  Union  Mills  No.  107  is  3  feet  thick  ; 
it  sometimes  appears  like  a  sandy  limestone. 

No.  106.  Below  No.  109  we  have,  at  Union  Mills,  16^  feet  of 
blue,  argillaceous  and  sandy"  shales,  with  pockets  of  blue  and  buff 
sandstone.  On  the  Missouri  bluffs,  above  Brush  Creek,  is  seen  16 
feet  of  sandy  shales.  Next  below  the  last  is  from  16  to  25  feet  of 
sandstone. 

No.  100.  Section  29,  on  Todd's  Creek,  shows  2  feet  of  reddish 
gray  silicious  limestone  in  one  bed ;  contains  Productus  Ameri- 
canus  (Sw.),  Pinna,  Myalina,  Pro.  punctatus,  Bryozoa,  etc.  On 
the  Missouri  bluff,  above  Waldron,  it  is  8  feet  thick,  and  three  miles 
south-east  it  suddenly  thickens  into  almost  one  bed  of  1 1  feet  of 
oolitic  limestone,  brown  and  gray.  Near  Parkville  it  is  restored  to 
its  original  thickness  of  2\  to  3  feet,  and  just  above-town  it  abounds 
in  many  fine  fossils,  including  Prod.  Americanus,  P.  costatus,  P. 
symmetricus,  Bryozoa  and  My.  subquadrata. 

No.  99.  Section  29,  on  Todd's  Creek,  presents  15  feet  of  sandy 
shales  immediately  underlying  No.  100.  We  next  have  21  feet 
which  is  mostly  sandy  shales  ;  near  the  upper  part  we  find  on  Todd's 
Creek  4  feet  of  blue  calcareous  sandstone,  abounding  in  small  uni- 
valves, with  which  was  associated  a  small  Phillipsia  ;  at  lower  part 
noticed  5  feet  of  sandy  shales. 

No.  98.    Section  37,  on  the  Missouri  bluffs,  near  Waldron,  displays 


PLATTE  COUNTY. 


339 


II  feet  of  irregularly-bedded  gray  limestone,  which  is  somewhat 
bluish  and  buff  toward  the  lower  part ;  has  brown,  shaly  partings, 
and  is  traversed  by  winding  veins  of  calc-spar ;  but  few  fossils  were 
observed  ;  contains  Productus  splendens,  AtJiyris  subtilita  and  a 
Goniatite.  Its  layers  are  generally  from  2  to  8  inches. 

No.  97.   Includes  25  feet  shales. 

A  pretty  full  description  of  most  beds  seen  at  Parkville  will  be 
found  in  "  General  Descriptive  Section  of  Upper  Coal-Measures. " 

North  of  town  we  find — 

No.  i — 6  feet  dark-olive  ochrey  shales,  with  concretionary  bed  of 
ochre  4  inches  in  thickness  =  97. 

2 — 6  feet-  limestone,  drab  and  brown ;  a  portion  has  irregular 
deep-green  windings;  contains  Pro.  punctatus,  P.  costatus,  etc. 
=  96. 

3 — 27  feet  slope. 

4 — 6  feet  greenish  drab,  fine-grained  limestone,  with  large  fu- 
coids  and  greenish  shaly  partings  =  90. 

5 — 4  feet  deep-blue  shales. 

6 — Drab  limestone  with  hornstone  layers  =  87. 

One  mile  below  Parkville  the  beds  from  87  to  90  are  exposed  at  a 
waterfall,  as  shown  in  the  following  profile  : — 

Fig.  101. 


LIMESTONE     N?   90 


LIMESTONE   N°.  87. 


iLE      SECTION 
IMILt    BtUOW    PARKVILLE  ^  P.UATTC    CO 


No.  90  is  found  above  Parkville,  containing  campophyllum  tor- 
quium. 

No.  87  is  from  1 1  to  13  feet  of  light-drab,  brittle  limestone  ;  is  fine- 


340 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


grained  and  silicious,  with  a  lithographic  appearance,  generally  oc- 
curring in  thin  layers ;  contains  drab  chert,  on  which  are  sometimes 
beautiful  dendritic  markings.  Fossils  are  very  rare  ;  only  observed 
a  Discina. 

No.  85.  Only  4  feet  was  seen  of  fine-grained,  compact,  dark, 
ashy-blue  limestone  ;  weathers  dirty  sandy ;  has  a  subconchoidal 
fracture  ;  crops  out  at  base  of  hill  one  mile  below  Parkville.  The 
following  section,  near  east  county  line,  shows  arrangement  of 
these  beds. 

Fig.  102. 

BEDS    OF    N2  85 
EAST    LINE   »  PCATTE   CO  . 


Economical  Geology. — Coal. — On  the  Missouri  bluffs,  near  the 
north-west  corner  of  the  county,  is  an  outcrop  of  8  inches  of  bitumi- 
nous coal.  West  of  Bear  Creek,  and  on  the  Missouri  bluffs,  we  have 
two  beds  cropping  out,  the  upper  one  of  which  is  9  inches  and  lower 
shaly  bed  8  inches  in  thickness;  they  are  separated  by  130  feet. 
Traces  of  coal  are  also  seen  at  Weston.  The  upper  bed  has  been 
worked  at  and  near  Block's  mills,  and  at  Rees's,  two  miles  below,  and 
the  coal  has  been  used  a  little,  but  the  beds  are  too  thin  to  pay  very 
well. 

One  mile  below  Platte  River  ferry,  and  a  half-mile  up  a  branch, 
some  coal  has  been  taken  out.  Its  thickness  is  about  IO  inches, 
and  its  geological  position  about2i  feet  above  limestone  No.  112,  and 
separated  from  it  by  shales  and  thick-bedded  sandstone — the  latter 
equivalent  to  the  Waldron  sandstone  ;  the  coal  is  probably  local,  as 


PLATTE  COUNTY. 


341 


not  even  a  sign  of  it  was  observed   anywhere  else.     A  and  B  are 
200  yards  apart. 

I  Fig.  103. 


SLOPC 

LIMEST.  N?MZ 


SECTION 


MILES   S.E.  or 
PLATTE  co 


No   useful  minerals,  in  any  quantity,  have   been  found  in  this 
county. 

Metallic  Ores.  —  The  iron  carbonates  have  been  noticed  elsewhere, 
among  the  general  notes  on  the  Upper  Coal-measures  ;  suffice  it 
simply  to  state  the  fact,  that  the  clay  and  sandy  beds  occasionally 
contain  many  septaria  and  other  concretions.  The  localities  where 
they  were  mostly  observed  were  a  few  miles  below  Beverly,  at 
Weston,  and  three  miles  above  —  at  the  latter  place  in  considerable 
quantities.  On  Sugar  Creek,  near  the  line  of  Buchanan  County, 
about  20  feet  below  a  /-inch  coal-seam,  numerous  remains  of  plants, 
probably  Cordaites,  were  observed,  containing  knife-edges  of  coal, 


342  GEOLOG  Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

and  with  numerous  transverse  cracks,  the  interstices  filled  with  sul- 
phuret  of  zinc.  The  surrounding  rock  is  a  sandy  iron  carbonate. 
These  cracks  may  be  called  shrinkage  cracks,  concerning  which  I 
cannot  do  better  than  quote  from  an  eminent  geologist.*  "  Flat- 
tened stems  of  plants  and  layers  of  cortical  matter,  when  carbonized, 
shrink  in  such  a  manner  as  to  produce  minute  reticulated  cracks. 
These  become  filled  with  mineral  matter  before  the  coaly  substance 
has  become  completely  consolidated.  A  further  compression  occurs, 
causing  the  coaly  substance  to  collapse,  leaving  the  little  veins  of 
harder  mineral  matter  projecting." 

Good  building-rock  abounds.  No.  100,  west  of  Brush  Creek, 
occurs  in  a  very  thick  bed  of  gray  oolitic  limestone,  and  would  be 
useful  for  making  columns  or  structures  requiring  large  dimension 
stone.  On  the  Missouri  bluffs,  near  the  east  county  line,  I  observed 
a  very  attractive,  coarse,  oolitic  limestone,  capping  No.  87,  and  4^ 
feet  thick.  Nos.  121,  H2and  no  each  form  good  building  material. 

Soil. — The  soil  in  this  county  is  everywhere  rich.  Near  Ridgely, 
and  the  hills  adjacent  to  Smith's  Fork,  it  is  not  quite  as  rich  as  in 
some  other  parts  of  the  county,  and  the  same  might  be  said  of  a 
portion  of  Township  54,  Range  34,  and  also  a  few  other  portions  of 
the  county ;  but  still  the  soil  is  good. 

The  growth  everywhere  indicates  very  rich  soil,  and  on  the 
richer  lands  consists  mostly  of  pawpaw,  elm,  linden,  mulberry, 
coffee-tree,  honey  locust,  red  oak,  red-chestnut  oak,  cherry,  hack- 
berry  and  black  walnut. 

The  slopes  on  the  Missouri  bluffs  contain  a  soil  made  up  in  great 
part  of  a  limestone  ddbris  mixed  with  buff  clays,  and  forms  a  rich 
soil,  indicating  great  productiveness  ;  but  the  bluffs  are  generally  too 
steep  to  be  easily  cultivated.  These  bluffs  are  generally  formed  in 
several  terraces,  and  we  may  yet  see  the  day  when  they  will  be 
crowned  and  flanked  by  beautiful  vineyards.  .The  growth  on  them 
is  generally  pignut  hickory,  poison  oak,  pawpaw,  may  apple,  lin- 
den, hackberry,  mulberry,  black  walnut,  red  oak,  Cornus,  elm,  red- 
chestnut  oak,  shell-bark  hickory,  greenbrier,  coralberry,  thorn,  black 
haw  and  Virginia  creeper  ;  or  nearly  the  same  as  on  the  uplands. 

The  uplands  are  well  adapted  to  most  crops,  and  lie  beautifully 
for  cultivation. 

*  J.  W.  Dawson,  in  Am.  your.  Sc.  and  Arts,  30!  Series,  Vol.  V.,  No.  25,  p.  22. 


PLATTE  COUNTY.  343 

Hemp  is  the  principal  crop  raised,  and  1,000  pounds  per  acre  is 
readily  produced.  During  good  seasons  from  20  to  25  bushels  of 
wheat  per  acre  can  be  raised.  The  ordinary  average  yield  of  corn 
is  about  50  bushels  per  acre,  but  the  best  lands  can  easily  be  made 
to  produce  75  bushels,  and  some  persons  think  that  100  bushels 
can  be  raised. 

Fruit  succeeds  well — peaches  nearly  every  year,  but  the  trees 
die  out  in  about  five  years.  Probably  no  county  in  the  State  pos- 
sesses superior  advantages  to  Platte  ;  it  contains  such  a  large  quan- 
tity of  rich  land,  is  so  well  watered,  abounds  also  in  good  timber, 
including  most  kinds  that  are  useful. 

Partial  surveys  of  this  county  were  made  in  May,  1861,  and  May, 
1872.  In  the  first  examination  I  was  assisted  by  P.  C.  Swallow  and 
H.  A.  Ulffers,  in  the  last  by  Chas.  J.  Norwood. 


CHAPTER  XII. 

GEOLOGY    OF   BUCHANAN    COUNTY. 
BY  G.  C.  BROADHEAD. 

BUCHANAN  COUNTY  has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Andrew  County,  on  the  east  by  Dekalb 
and  Clinton,  by  Platte  on  the  south,  and  is  separated  from  Kansas 
by  the  broad  Missouri  on  the  west.  Its  surface  is  agreeably  di- 
versified with  hill  and  dale,  high  and  steep  bluffs  and  low  and  gentle 
declivities,  and  also  gently-undulating  surfaces.  Along  the  north 
line  we  have  wide  bottoms  merging  by  very  gentle  slopes  into  the 
neighboring  hills  ;  but  as  we  approach  the  Missouri  bluffs  the  hills 
seem  higher,  or,  more  properly  speaking,  the  streams  cut  deeper 
and  the  slopes  are  more  steep.  In  crossing  the  county  at  any  point 
from  east  to  west,  we  observe  a  corresponding  change.  The 
country  drained  by  the  Platte  River  and  its  tributaries  is  mostly  gently 
undulating,  with  low  hills  near  the  streams.  The  hills  on  Maiden 
Creek  sometimes  attain  a  height  of  85  feet.  On  Platte  River  they 
are  not  often  over  50  to  75  feet,  but  a  few  miles  south  of  the  Han- 
nibal and  St.  Joseph  R.R.  they  are  as  much  as  100  feet  in  height. 
Near  Contrary  and  Sugar  Creeks  they  sometimes  attain  an  elevation 
of  140  feet,  and  the  country  adjacent  is  quite  broken.  On  Black- 
snake  Creek  the  hills  are  from  75  to  100  feet  high.  The  Missouri 
bluffs  near  the  north  county  line  are  about  145  feet  high,  and  ap- 
pear to  retain  that  elevation,  sometimes  higher  and  sometimes  lower, 
until  they  pass  southward  of  St.  Joseph.  King's  Hill,  two  miles 
south,  is  255  feet  above  the  bottoms.  A  bluff  on  Sec.  14,  T.  56, 
R.  36,  is  310  feet  high.  The  bluff  in  Sec.  22,  T.  55,  R.  37,  is  250 
feet  in  height.  The  other  bluffs  along  the  river  approach  these  in 
height,  but  are  much  lower.  The  tops  of  these  hills  are  probably  of 
the  same  elevation  as  most  of  the  interior  uplands.  The  Missouri 
bottoms  are  wide,  flat,  and  often  marshy. 


BUCHANAN  COUNTY. 


345 


Timber  and  Prairie. — The  area  of  prairie  is  but  small.  The  east- 
ern and  northern  portions  of  the  county  are  mostly  prairie  ;  near 
and  on  the  "divide"  it  consists  mostly  of  prairie,  or  of  thickets 
covering  what  was  formerly  prairie.  The  country  near  Platte  River, 
for  several  miles  east  and  west,  and  lying  south  of  line  between 
Township  56  and  Township  57,  is  heavily  timbered  ;  also  most  of 
the  southern  and  western  portions  of  the  county.  A  cottonwood 
was  observed  on  the  Missouri  bottom  19  feet  in  circumference  at  5 
feet  above-ground. 

The  trees  and  shrubs  in  the  county  may  include  the  following  :— - 


Crabapple. 
Prickly  ash. 
Buckeye. 
Coralberry. 
Black  cherry. 
Choke  cherry. 
Coffee-tree. 
Cottonwood. 
Red  root. 

Panicled  dogwood  or  rough- 
leaved. 
Kinnikinnick. 
Elder. 
Red  elm. 
Hazel.     ' 
Summer  grape. 
Frost  grape. 
River  grape. 
Wahoo. 

Virginia  creeper. 
White  oak. 
Red-chestnut  oak. 
Red  oak. 
Laurel  oak. 
Prairie  Rose. 
Sycamore. 
Poison  oak. 


Red  elm. 

White  ash. 

Blackberry. 

Box  elder. 

Greenbrier. 

Hackberry. 

Black  haw. 

Hawthorn. 

Gooseberry. 

Shell-bark  hickory. 

Thick  shell-bark  hickory. 

Pignut  hickory. 

Honey  locust. 

Ironwood. 

Honeysuckle. 

Linden. 

Sugar-tree. 

White  maple. 

Mulberry. 

Burr  oak. 

Black  oak. 

Pin  oak. 

Redbud. 

Raspberry. 

Sumach. 

Black  walnut. 

American  elm. 


Wrhite  oak  is  rarely  found,  and  Chinquipin  oak  is  scarcely  seen 
excepting  in  the  northern  and  eastern  parts  of  the  county. 


346  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

Springs  and  Streams. 

There  are  some  good  springs  in  this  county,  and  water  can  be 
easily  reached  by  digging.  Wells  and  cisterns  are  more  common. 
The  streams  are  generally  clear  and  running. 

Scientific  Geology. 

Superficial  Deposits. — The  alluvium  is  best  developed  on  the 
Missouri  bottoms. 

Bottom  Prairie. — The  washings  on  flat  grounds  at  St.  Joseph  ex- 
pose about  20  feet  of  dark  clay.  Similar  clays  are  seen  on  Platte 
River. 

The  "  Bluff"  or  "  Loess  "  is  well  exposed  on  the  Missouri  bluffs 
near  St.  Joseph,  where  it  rises  in  steep  and  often  gently-sloping  peaks, 
covered  mostly  with  grass.  It  is  generally  a  finely-comminuted  brown 
ash-clay,  and  where  a  few  feet  from  the  surface,  exposed  by  wash- 
ings, is  always  perpendicularly  jointed.  In  King's  hill,  below  St. 
Joseph,  it  has  at  the  lower  part  8  feet  of  finely-comminuted  brown 
sand  resting  on  2  feet  of  white  calcareous  concretions.  The  fossils 
found  were  Helicina  occulta,  Succinia  and  Helix.  The  drift  oc- 
curs immediately  beneath  the  bluff,  but  I  observed  no  good  ex- 
posure of  it  in  the  county.  Bowlders  of  granite  and  quartzite  were 
occasionally  found. 

Upper  Carboniferous. 

The  rocks  in  this  county  belong  to  the  Upper  Coal  series,  and  in- 
clude a  total  thickness  of  about  470  feet,  from  a  bluff  limestone, 
equivalent  to  No.  160  Gen.  Sec.,  to  No.  108  or  Plattsburgh  limestone 
inclusive,  of  which  there  is  125  feet  of  limestone,  11  feet  bituminous 
shales,  the  remainder  consisting  of  sandstone,  sandy  and  argilla- 
ceous shales.  The  prevailing  dip  of  rocks  is  a  very  little  north  of 
west. 

On  the  head-waters  of  Sugar  and  Contrary  Creeks,  Mr.  Ulffers 
observed  the  following  section,  which  includes  some  of  the  highest 
rocks  seen  in  this  county  :— 
No.  i — 15  feet  light-buff  limestone ;  contains  Fusulina,  etc. 

2 — 17  feet  argillaceous  shales. 

3 — 16  feet  cherty  limestone. 


BUCHANAN  COUNTY. 


347 


No.  4 — 2  feet  argillaceous  shales. 
5 — \y2  feet  bituminous  shales. 
6 — i  foot  hard,  blue  limestone. 
7 — 14  feet  argillaceous  shales. 
8 — 4  feet  light-buff,  compact  limestone. 
9 — 7  feet  argillaceous  shales. 
10 — 2  feet  buff,  shaly  limestone, 
ii — 36  feet  red  and  blue  argillaceous  shales. 
12 — 6  inches  shaly,  bituminous  coal. 
13 — 1 8  feet  argillaceous  and  sandy  shales. 
14 — 5  feet  sandstone  and  sandy  shales. 

No.  160  was  observed  in  bluffs  back  from  the  river,  in  the  south- 
west corner  of  the  county;  it  occurs  as  a  buff  limestone,  with  35 
feet  slope  below,  to  No.  150.  In  the  same  vicinity,  No.  152  occurs 
as  a  dark-gray  limestone,  containing  a  thin  stratum  of  fine-grained, 
very  dark-green,  fibrous,  argillaceous  carbonate  of  lime,  with  pro- 
bably some  carbonate  of  iron,  the  fibres  nearly  perpendicular  to  the 
horizontal  surface,  and  interlocking,  forming  what  is  called  "  Tuteu 
mergel,"  or  "Cone  in  Cone."  No.  150  occurs  near  the  hill- 
tops on  the  Missouri  bluffs,  in  the  northern  part  of  the  county, 
and  occupies  that  horizon  on  the  Missouri  bluffs 
as  far  as  the  south  county  line  ;  its  greatest  ob- 
served thickness  was  23  feet,  at  Rushville.  It 
is  a  buff-brown  near  the  top,  with  Productus 
Rogersi,  Chonetes  Smithii,  Syringapora,  Fusulina 
cylindrica,  Athyris  subtilita ;  below,  it  is  very 
irregularly  bedded,  and  contains  chert,  especi- 
ally in  the  upper  portion.  The  beds  of  lime- 
stone are  not  often  over  6  inches  to  I  foot  in 
thickness,  and  are  separated  by  buff  clay.  The 
annexed  section,  No.  35,  at  Beatty's  quarry,  near 
St.  Joseph,  exhibits  most  of  the  beds  of  No.  1 50  : 
No.  I — 23  inches  limestone  and  shales. 
2 — 28  inches  limestone. 
3 — 1 8  inches  concretionary  limestone  and 

buff  shales. 

4 — 5  inches  concretionary  limestone. 
5 — I     foot    nodular    limestone,    chert,    and 
brown  shales. 


Fig.  104. 

SECTION  55". 
BUCHANAN    co . 


13 


-l^V 


as 


28 


Z* 


348  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

No.  6 — 2  inches  limestone. 
7 — 3  inches  limestone. 
8 — 6  inches  limestone. 

9 — 6  inches  brown  shales  and  limestone  nodules. 
10 — 2  feet  limestone  ;    contains  some  dark  chert  concretions  in 

upper  part. 

II — 4  inches  shales  and  limestone  nodules. 
12 — 5  inches  shales. 
13 — 2  feet  limestone. 

Total  thickness  of  beds  exposed  here  was  about  14^  feet.  The 
rock  is  used  for  making  lime,  and  curbing  and  macadamizing  in  St. 
Joseph.  Bituminous  shale  is  found  in  a  pit  about  10  feet  below  the 
limestone.  The  lower  beds  of  limestone  abound  in  fossils,  mainly 
Ortkis  carbonaria ;  also  contains  Retzia  punctnlifera,  RhyncJio- 
nella  Osagensis,  Athyris  sitbtilita,  Productus  splendens,  Schizodus. 
The  upper  beds  abound  in  Pusulina  cylindrica  and  Athyris  sub- 
tilita  ;  also  contain  Hemipronites  crassus,  Orthis  carbonaria,  Spiri- 
fer  (Martinia)  planoconvexus,  and  Crinoid  stems. 

Sec.  on  King's  hill,  below  St.  Joseph,  is  as  follows  : — 
No.  i — 72  feet  bluff  formation,  finely  comminuted  marly  clays. 
2 — 8  feet  sand.  | 

3 — 2  feet  white,  calcareous,  concretionary  bed.  ) 
4 — 7  feet  irregularly-bedded  limestone  ;  abounds  in  Fusulina  cy- 
lindrica, also  contains  Athyris,  Retzia,  Orthis  carbonaria  ;  cherty. 
No.  150. 

5 — 19  feet  slope. 
6 — 5  feet  shales. 

7 — 7  feet  deep-brown  limestone  (No.  143),  upper  2  feet  shaly, 
light  drab  ;  below  is  ferruginous,  and  contains  but  few  fossils — CJio- 
netes,  Hemipronites,  Aviculopecten,  P.  splendens. 

8 — 35  feet  slope  ;  tumbled  sandstone,  at  lower  part  containing 
plants — Lepidostrobus,  etc. 

9 — 8  feet  shales,  bottom  2  feet  green,  with  \y2  feet  red  just  above. 
10 — 7  feet  ferruginous  limestone,  upper  2  feet  shelly,  with  iron- 
oxide  crust.    No.  137. 

1 1 — 48  feet  slope,  mostly  shales  ;  in  lower  shales  are  some  iron- 
stone concretions. 

12 — Outcrop  of  shaly  limestone,  abounding  in  fossils. 
13 — 5  feet  shaly  slope. 


BUCHANAN  COUNTY.  349 

14 — 10  feet  red  and  green  clay  shales  ;  at  bottom  we  find  4  feet 
of  ochrey  green  clay,  with  occasional  thin  bands  of  yellow  ochre 
concretions,  and  streaks  of  ochre. 

1 5 — 4  feet  limestone. 

1 6 — 30  feet  shales. 

A  buff  limestone,  equivalent  to  No.  143,  was  observed  on  King's 
hill;  No.  137  is  seen  on  Platte  River  bluffs,  two  miles  south  of 
Hannibal  &  St.  Jos.  Railroad,  cropping  out  10  feet  in  thickness, 
and  containing  Myalina,  Aviculopecten,  Pinna,  Athyris  sub  t  Hit  a, 
Productus  Roger  si,  Bryozoa.  Just  below  the  last-named  rock  is 
80  feet  slope,  which  is  probably  nearly  all  shales.  On  the  Missouri 
bluffs  these  shales  are  60  to  76  feet  in  thickness,  with  sometimes  a 
thin  seam  of  coal.  Near  the  upper  end  of  Sugar  Creek  Lake  we 
have — 

No.  i — Top  slope. 

2 — 1 8  feet  of  limestone,  fracture  buff  and  drab,  weathering  brown  ; 
contains  occasional  lenticular  beds  of  concretionary  deep-blue 
chert ;  has  brown  shaly  partings,  and  contains  Athyris  subtilita, 
Sp.  lineatus,  Sp.  cameratus,  Retzia  punctulifera,  Chonetes,  Prod. 
Rogersi,  Allorisma  granosa,  Pleurotomaria,  Crinoid  stems,  Ma- 
cro don  and  Fusulina  cylindrica. 

3 — 77  feet  shaly  slope ;  shales  near  the  lower  part. 

4 — Outcrop  of  coal. 

5 — 40  feet  slope  to  railroad. 

Three  miles  above  Rushville  we  have — 
No.  i — Limestone,  No.  150. 

2 — 95  feet  slope. 

3 — 4  feet  even-bedded,  shelly,  dark  ash-colored  limestone  (128), 
at  about  25  feet  above  the  grade  of  railroad,  and  forming  a  fine 
waterfall  (Fig.  105). 

Approaching  St.  Joseph  from  the  south,  we  find  the  last-named 
limestone  quarried  near  the  foot  of  the  hill,  and  also  north-west  on 
King's  hill,  and  in  the  next  succeeding  hill  it  is  seen  30  feet  above 
the  bottoms,  with  30  feet  of  shales  lying  below  it. 

Section  31,  2^miles  below  St.  Joseph,  is  as  follows  : — 

No.  i — 72  feet  bluff  clay ;  contains  some  round  calcareous  con- 
cretions. 

No.  2 — 6  feet  sandy  shale. 


350 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 
Fig.  105. 


OUTCROP    OF    Nt     125  . 
12  MILES    SOUTH    OF    ST.  JOSEPH   . 

No.  3—5  feet  limestone,  upper  part  shelly,  ferruginous,  lower  3 
feet  thick,  ever*  bed  ;  can  be  quarried  in  2-feet  layers. 
No.  4—53  feet  slope. 
No.  5_5  feet  shales. 

No.  6—5  feet  shales,  good  red  ochre  at  bottom.      SECTION  32 
No.  7 — 4  feet  even  bed  of  limestone.  BUCHANAN  co. 

Our  section,  y2  mile  below  junction  of  Hannibal  — 
&  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  is  as  follows  (Fig.io6):— 

Sec.  32. 
No.  i— Bluff. 

2 — 4  feet  red  shales  ;  paint-bed. 
3—4  feet  green  and  yellow  ochrey  shales. 
4 — 33  inches  limestone,  upper  part  gray  ;  the 
middle  abounds  in  Fusulina  ;  lower  part 
deep  brown,  middle  is  fine  grained. 
5 — 17  feet  sandy,  ochrey  shales. 
6 — 1 5  feet  slope  to  railroad. 
One-quarter  mile  below  the  last  we  find — 

No.  i Outcrop  of  shaly   limestone,  with  Alloris- 

ma,  Hemipronitescrassus,  Astartella  vera, 
Nuculana  bellastriata,  Myalina  subqua- 
drata,  Bell.  Kansasensis. 
2 — 15  feet  slope. 


g/uor  QfVt. 


B  UCHANAN  CO  UNTY.  3  5 1 

No.  3 — Red  and  green  shales. 

4 — 4  feet  limestone  =  128  ;  very  good  building-rock. 
5 — 30  feet  shales,  to  level  of  railroad  grade. 

The  general  section  at  King's  hill  will  be  found  in  general  report. 

Ascending  King's  hill,  at  63  feet  above  No.  128  is  found  7  feet 
of  thick-bedded  gray  and  brownish  limestone,  with  but  few  fossils. 
Its  upper  part  is  shelly  and  brownish  ochrey,  but  affords  a  good, 
strong  and  durable  building-rock.  It  has  been  extensively  used  in 
buildings  at  St.  Joseph.  We  found  overlying  it  tumbled  masses  of 
buff  and  brown  soft  sandstone,  and  hard  green  sandstone,  containing 
remains  of  plant-leaves  and  the  stem  of  a  tree,  probably  a  Lepido- 
strobus.  Intermingled  with  this  overlying  mass  was  some  deep-red 
clay,  apparently  very  suitable  for  paint ;  sixteen  feet  still  higher 
is  found  7  feet  of  ferruginous  limestone,  and  24  feet  above  the  last 
are  seen  outcrops  of  No..  150.  All  these  layers  have  been  exten- 
sively quarried  for  various  purposes  of  building  in  St.  Joseph.  The 
last  named  is  quarried  in  the  hills  north  of  St.  Joseph  for  lime  and 
for  paving. 

One  and  a  half  miles  along  the  bluff  above  St.  Joseph  our  sec- 
tion is  this  : — 

Fig.  107. 


OUTCROP    OF    N?    137. 

ABOVE      ST.   JOSE  PH   ,   BUCHANAN    CO. 

No.  I — Slope. 

2 — 10  feet  gray  limestone,  slightly  ferruginous,  in  one  solid  bed  ; 
breaks  in  small  angular  fragments.     No.  137.     (Fig.  107.) 


352  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

No.  3 — 92   feet  slope  to  railroad,  35°  for  half  way,  then  30°  ;  the 

lower  40  feet  seems  to  be  principally  sandy  shales. 
No.   2  corresponds    to    No.    143  ;    in    its  manner  of  weathering 
resembles  No.  78.     Three  miles  above  St.  Joseph  it  is  90  feet  above 
No.  128. 

At  bridge  on  Platte  River,  rocks  were  observed,  which  I   refer  to 
those  from  126  to  121,  of  which  the  following  is  a  correct  section  :— 

Sec.  4- 

No.  2 — 6  inches  even-bedded,  dark-gray  limestone  ;  contains    Sp. 
cameratus,    Athyris    subtilita,    Nucula,    Fusulina    cylin- 
drica,  Bryozoa. 
3 — 6  feet  brownish-buff,  sandy  limestone,  some  of  it  silicious, 

and  with  sandy  shaly  partings — thin  bedded. 
4 — 2  y2  feet  green  shales. 
5 — 10   inches   limestone,  mottled    drab    and  brown  ;    contains 

Myalina  and  Allorisma. 
6 — !  foot  grayish  drab  and  brown,  irregularly  bedded,  coarser 

than  No.  5  ; — irregularly  wavy-cracked. 
7 — 2  feet  gray  limestone  ;  contains  Archceocidaris. 
8 — 3   feet  ashy-blue,  ferruginous  limestone,  weathers  brown  ; 
contains  Pr.  splendens,  Athyris  subtilita,  a  coral  Bryozoa, 
Crinoid  stems,  Bellerophon,  etc. 
9 — 3  feet  ashy-blue  limestone,   weathers   buff;    contains  Sp, 

cameratus. 

From  1 20  to  113  the  rocks  are  generally  covered  by  debris,  and 
include  about  100  feet.  In  south-east  of  Township  55,  Range  34, 
No.  112  was  observed  by  Mr.  Ulffers  12  feet  in  thickness,  consist- 
ing of  thick  beds  of  coarse,  colored,  semi-crystalline  limestone.  The 
lowest  rock  was  observed  on  Platte  River,  in  the  eastern  part  of 
the  county ;  it  is  a  blue  limestone,  equivalent  to  the  Plattsburgh 
series  ;  12  feet  of  it  was  observed. 

Minerals. — Coal. — Opposite  Sugar  Creek  Lake,  coal  crops  out 
about  30  feet  above  the  level  of  railroad.  Limestone  No.  1 50  is  in 
bluff  77  feet  above.  The  same  bed  of  coal  is  seen  a  mile  below 
Hall's  Station,  on  Mr.  Hinman's  land.  Section  here  is  Sec.  19  :— 
No.  I — 104  feet  slope  from  hill-top. 

2 — 5  feet  drift. 
.  3—3  feet  blue,  sandy  shales. 

— 3  feet  coarse^  shaly,  ferruginous  sandstone. 


BUCHANAN  COUNTY. 


353 


Fig.  108. 
104  feet  to  hill-top 


Fig.  109. 


SECTION 

1    MICE.    BELOW 
N ALL'S  STATION 


SECTION 
OPPOSITE 
HALfcS  STATION 


No.  4 — i  inch  shaly  coal. 

5 — 8  inches  deep-blue,    shaly 
clay,  with  thin  laminae  of 
coal ;  contains  ferns. 
6 — 6  inches  coal. 
7 — Fire-clay. 
8—67  feet  to  foot  of  hill. 
OPPOSITE  HALL'S  STATION,  the 
coal   has   been   opened   at   sever- 
al places  ;    one   on  railroad  land, 
worked  by  Jacob  Gross,   appears 
thus  : — 

3    feet     rough-bedded,     yellow 
sandstone. 

8  inches  sandy  clay, 
if  inches  shale  and  thin  lami- 
nae of  coal. 
2,y2  inches  coal. 
\y2  inches  blue  clay. 
6  inches  good  coal. 
\Y^  inches  blue  clay. 
3  inches  good  coal. 
Fire-clay. 

An  analysis  of  a  specimen  of  this  coal,  from  Niagara,  Andrew 
County,  gives — 

Water 8.94 

Volatile 34-75 

F.  carbon 45-38 

Ash I0.93 

Color  of  ash,  light-red  brown. 

Section  No.  30  : — 
No.  1—93  feet  40°  to  45°  slope. 
2 — Limestone  outcrop. 
3 — 52  feet  to  bottom  of  coal ;  some  red  ochrey  clay  appears  on 

slope  8  feet  above  coal. 

On  south  fork  of  Sugar   Creek,    near   the    south  county  line, 
Sec.  24:  — 

No.  i — 3  feet  olive  shales,  with  streaks  of  coal. 
23 


BUCHANAN     CO 


354 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


Fig.  no. 
SECTION 

AT    ST. JOSEPH 
BUCHANAN  CO. 


2        § 


IS£?3E] 

T^:':?^ 


MCAM  MfCH  VfATIH 


MCAN  LOW  WATCH 


No.  2 — 7  inches  bituminous  coal. 
3 — 26   feet  shales  ;    concre- 
tionary   bed    in    lower 
part,    with    remains    of 
striated  plants. 
4 — 15  to  20  feet  slope. 
5 — Outcrop    of    ferruginous 
limestone  ;  fracture  dark 
bluish,   ash   shelly,   and 
rough  breakings. 
In  the  north-east  of  the  south- 
west of  Sec.  i,  T.  55,  R.  26,  Mr. 
Ulffers  observed  6  inches  of  shaly 
coal  and  shales. 

Mr.  P.  C.  Swallow  observed  4 
inches  of  bituminous  coal  in  Sec. 
23,  T.  45,  R.  36,  and  in  Sec.  32 
coal  is  also  said  to  have  been 
found,  on  the  head^waters  of  Bee 
Creek,  a  few  miles  south-west  of 
Sparta.  These  beds  are  thin  and 
poor,  and  not  worth  working. 

Annexed  is  a  section  and  descrip- 
tion of  the  boring  at  St.  Joseph. 
The  first  coal  from  the  top  is  no 
doubt  equivalent  to  No.  123  of  Gen. 
Sec.  The  next  coal  below,  mark- 
ed \y2  feet,  must  be  equivalent 
to  No.  118.  The  lowest,  marked 
2 1^  feet,  is  probably  near  No.  98, 
more  likely  below  that  member. 
Considerable  thickness  of  bitumi- 
nous shale  may  be  included. 

The   annexed  is  the  section  of 
boring  at  St.  Joseph  : — 
No.  I — 21  feet  soil,  bowlders  and 

sandy  clay. 
2 — 74  feet  blue  clay. 
3 — 21  feet  sandstone. 
4 — 4  feet  limestone. 


BUCHANAN  COUNTY. 


355 


No.  5 — 2  feet  soapstone. 

6 — 2  feet  slate. 

7 — 1 1  feet  coal. 

8—6  feet  black  slate. 

9 — 7  feet  limestone. 
10 — 5  feet  slate. 
1 1 — 6  feet  limestone. 
12 — 2  feet  slate. 
J3 — 4^  feet  limestone. 

H— 5K  feet  slate- 

15 — i  foot  limestone. 

1 6 — 6  feet  slate. 

17 — 8  feet  slate. 

1 8 — 41^  feet  limestone. 

19 — 3  feet  soapstone. 

20 — 2^  feet  gray  sandstone. 

21 — 2^  feet  soapstone. 

22 — 4-jf-  feet  gray  limestone. 

23 — 24  feet  slate. 

24 — 2  feet  limestone. 

25 — 10  feet  limestone. 

26— 5  ^  feet  slate. 

27 — 1>£  feet  coal. 

28—8  feet  slate. 

29 — 4  feet  limestone. 

30 — 20  feet  shale. 

31 — 6  feet  limestone. 

32 — 20  feet  slate. 

33 — 25  feet  limestone. 

34 — 15  feet  limestone. 

35 — 10  inches  coal. 

36 — 3-f  feet  soapstone. 

37—4^  feet  slate. 

38 — \y2  feet  limestone. 

39 — J5  feet  limestone. 

40 — 3  feet  soapstone. 

41 — 2^  feet  coal. 

42 — 9  feet  limestone. 

43 — 4  feet  sandstone. 


356 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


No.  44 — 3  feet  limestone. 
45 — 2y2  feet  slate. 
46 — 2^/2  feet  limestone. 
47 — 15  feet  blue  clay. 
Total  depth,  402.3  feet. 

Fig.  in. 

a 0 TTOM  Sr.3Q.SORf 

i    i.    L   _i    _rn--|«^» 


I  ft  Coa.1 


tft  Coal 


In  the  above  section  I  have  retained 
the  same  descriptive  names  of  strata  as 
on  the  section  furnished  to  me. 

From  careful  comparisons  of  my  sec- 
tions, I  find  that  the  bottom  of  the 
"bore"  still  lacks  about  440  feet  of 
reaching  the  "  Lexington  coal,"  which 
would  be  the  first  coal  of  any  consid- 
erable thickness  that  would  be  reached. 
Other  valuable  coal-beds  would  lie  still 
lower.  Annexed  is  a  section  commen- 
cing at  bottom  of  St.  Joseph  "  bore  " 
and  extending  downward,  showing  the 
depth  at  which  certain  coals  would  be 
reached  and  the  thickness  of  the  seams. 
These  remarks  concerning  coal-beds 
can  be  applied,  with  but  slight  varia- 
tion, to  localities  in  the  adjoining 
counties  of  Platte,  Clinton,  Dekalb, 
and  southern  parts  of  Gentry  County. 
In  each  of  these  counties  thin  surface 
outcrops  are  seen,  but  they  are  not 
valuable. 

Soil. — The  soil  in  this  county  is  generally  rich.  Poor  land  occu- 
pies a  small  part  of  the  area.  On  the  west  side  of  Platte  River, 
above  Agency  Ford,  the  soil  on  some  of  the  higher  ridges  is  rather 
thin,  and  we  here  occasionally  see  chinquepin  oak  and  black  oak. 
We  also  find  it  in  the  southern  part  of  the  county.  West  of  Platte 
River  is  white  oak,  black  oak  and  chinquepin  oak.  In  the  other 
portions  of  the  county  the  soil  is  very  rich,  and  there  is  probably 
but  little  difference  between  the  several  qualities  of  land.  The  soil 
on  the  uplands  varies  in  depth  from  one  to  two  and  a  half  feet.  Near 
the  prairies  we  find  plum,  cherry,  sumach,  elm  and  hazel. 
Agriculture. — During  a  few  years  previous  to  1861,  wheat  did 


13  in.  Coal 


to  in.  Con 


•/ 


StCTlON    SkOWtNQ    POSITION 
Or  COALS     BEUOW    BOTTOM 
OF  ST.  JOSEPH    BOMNC  . 


BUCHANAN  COUNTY.  357 

not  yield  as  well  as  formerly.  In  good  seasons  20  to  25  bushels  per 
acre  have  been  raised,  and  in  the  south  part  of  the  county  35  to 
40  bushels  are  said  to  have  been  raised  :  20  to  25  bushels  may  be 
said  to  be  a  very  good  average.  Of  corn,  60  bushels  are  generally 
raised,  and  during  good  seasons,  and  with  proper  care,  70  to  80 
bushels  per  acre  can  be  easily  raised.  Potatoes,  rye,  oats,  barley, 
Hungarian  grass  and  spring  wheat  grow  well.  Hemp  is  the  staple 
crop,  and  the  rich  elm  and  linden  lands  in  the  southern  and  west- 
ern parts  of  the  county  will  readily  yield  1,000  pounds  per  acre. 

Fruit. — This  county  is  not  so  well  adapted  to  fruit  as  some  others. 
Blue  grass  grows  everywhere  spontaneously,  and  forms  beautiful 
green  pastures. 

ST.  JOSEPH  BRIDGE  SURVEYS. 

Before  closing,  I  would  add  a  few  interesting  items  of  information, 
chiefly  obtained  from  the  Reports  of  "  St.  Joseph  Bridge  Com- 
pany." * 

The  annual  rain-fall  in  the  basin  drained  by  the  river  at  St. 
Joseph  averages  19^  inches,  while  that  of  the  basin  below  is  26 
inches,  thus  showing  that  three-fourths  of  the  water  flowing  out  of 
the  Missouri  River  at  its  mouth  passes  St.  Joseph  ;  at  an  ordinary 
spring  flood  170,000  cubic  feet  pass  in  a  second,  with  a  mean  velocity 
of  3T8¥  miles  per  hour,  while  at  low  water  but  18,000  cubic  feet  flow 
in  the  same  time,  with  a  mean  velocity  of  2^  miles  per  hour.  The 
fall  in  the  low-water  channel,  for  7  miles  below  the  city,  is  y8^  of  a 
foot  per  mile.  The  axis  of  the  current  at  high  water  is  much 
shorter  than  at  low  water,  and  has  a  fall  of  over  one  foot  per 
mile.  At  low  water  the  channel  opposite  the  city  is  from  400  to 
500  feet  wide,  and  15  to  30  feet  deep.  The  difference  of  high  and 
low  water  is  23  feet. 

At  the  greatest  flood,  the  narrowest  channel  opposite  the  city  will 
be  1,420  feet  wide.  Rock  is  found  at  an  average  of  43  feet  below 
low  water,  and  at  no  point  deeper  than  48  feet. 

The  bed  of  the  river  is  fine  sand  on  top,  with  layers  of  stiff,  hard 
clay  and  coarse  sand  near  the  bed-rock  ;  resting  on  the  bed-rock 
was  found  a  2  to  5  feet  bed,  consisting  of  medium-sized  and  thorough- 

*  Rep.  of  Prelim.  Surv.  of  Missouri  River  in  vicinity  of  St.  Joseph.     E.  D.  Mason, 
ist  An.  Rep.  Ch.  Eng.  St.  Joseph  Bridge,  1872. 
Desc.  Method  of  Founding  Piers,  etc.     W.  S.  Pope,  1872. 


358  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

ly  water-worn  bowlders  mixed  with  coarse  sand  ;  the  bowlders  com- 
posed of  red  and  gray  granite,  quartz,  gneiss,  trap,  conglomerate, 
agate,  with  some  fine  quartz  specimens  containing  gold.  Some 
specimens  of  'conglomerate  shown  me  ^seemed  to  be  of  smoothly- 
rounded  pebbles  firmly  cemented  with  river-sand.  At  a  depth  of 
40  feet  pieces  of  brick  and  fragments  of  coal  have  been  taken  out, 
showing  that,  in  comparatively  recent  times,  the  scour  has  reached 
that  depth. 

The  excavations  were  made  to  a  depth  of  about  40  feet  below 
the  bed  of  the  river,  including  the  upper  30  feet  of  coarse  and  fine 
sand,  then  5  feet  stiff,  blue  clay,  and  lastly  a  deposit  of  gravel  and 
bowlders,  through  which  flows  a  stream  of  clear,  pure  water,  entirely 
different  from  that  of  the  river.  While  ice  at  the  surface  was  2  feet 
thick,  and  the  mercury  below  zero,  the  water  from  this  spring  had 
a  uniform  temperature  of  54  degrees. 

The  bed-rock  is  said  to  be  a  smooth,  hard,  whitish-gray  lime- 
stone. I  have  no  doubt  of  its  being  equivalent  to  limestone  No. 
121  of  my  General  Section. 

A  partial  survey  of  this  county  was  made  by  me  in  1871. 


CHAPTER   XIII. 

GEOLOGY  OF  HOLT  COUNTY. 
BY  G.  C.  BROADHEAD. 

Topography — The  Missouri  bottoms  occupy  more  than  one-third 
of  the  area  of  the  county,  and  above  T.  60  they  are  at  least  10 
miles  in  width.  Southward  they  are  narrower.  The  bluffs  attain  a 
height  of  from  125  to  200  feet,  with  occasional  intervals  of  low  hills. 
After  leaving  the  Missouri  b'luffs  about  two  miles,  the  country  be- 
comes less  hilly,  and  soon  passes  into  a  beautiful  rolling  country. 
From  the  mouth  of  the  Nodaway  river,  for  ten  miles  north,  the  ad- 
jacent hills  are  high  and  the  country  broken. 

The  hills  in  the  north-east  part  of  the  county  are  low,  with  a 
gently-undulating  surface.  Near  Squaw  Creek,  Davis  Creek  and 
Tarkio,  the  hills  have  gentle  slopes,  with  often  marshy  bases  lead- 
ing into  the  adjacent  narrow  bottoms.  By  the  burrowing  of  go- 
phers the  bottoms  of  Squaw  Creek  and  a  few  other  streams  are 
rendered  dangerous  for  horses  to  pass  over,  and  their  banks  are  so 
steep  and  marshy  as  to  render  them  impassable,  almost,  as  far  up 
as  their  sources. 

Timber  and  Prairie. — South  of  Oregon  the  country  consists 
mostly  of  timbered  land.  The  Missouri  bottom  is  about  one-half 
timber  and  one-half  prairie. 

Near  the  streams  in  the  northern  part  of  the  county  but  few 
trees  are  seen,  and  they  are  generally  either  of  small  growth  or 
shrubs.  On  the  banks  is  sometimes  a  fringe  of  willow,  white 
maple,  American  elm,  box  elder,  greenbrier,  grape  and  Cormis. 
On  the  bottoms,  black  walnut,  honey  locust,  coralberry,  choke- 
berry,  red  and  American  elm,  wahoo,  sumach,  Cornus  and  goose- 
berry occur. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  trees  and  shrubs  in  this  county  : — 

Crabapple,     white    ash,    prickly    ash,    blackberry,    bladdernut, 


360  GEOLOG Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

buckeye,  box  elder,  button  bush,  black  cherry,  choke  cherry,  coffee- 
tree,  cottonwood,  AmorpJia  canesccns,  Am.  fruticosa,  coralberry, 
Cornus  sericea,  Cornus  asperifolia,  gooseberry,  hackberry,  hazel, 
shell-bark  hickory,  thick  shell-bark  hickory,  pignut  hickory,  iron- 
wood,  honey  locust,  white  maple,  mulberry,  linden,  chinquepin  oak, 
sarsaparilla,  burr  oak,  rock-chestnut  oak,  scarlet  oak,  red  oak,  pin 
oak,  pawpaw,  Am.  plum,  rose;  Rosa  hicida,  red  bud,  sycamore, 
sumach,  poison  oak,  thorn,  black  walnut,  red  root  and  wahoo. 

Streams  and  Springs. — Those  streams  flowing  toward  the  Mis- 
souri run  constantly.  Those  in  the  north  are  long  and  narrow, 
with  steep  and  often  marshy  banks.  Springs  often  issue  from  the 
base  of  the  hills,  and  the  lesser  valleys  often  spread  out  into  grassy 
marshes. 

The  streams  making  toward  the  Nodaway  River  do  not  flow 
during  the  whole  year.  Good  springs  are  common  along  the  Mis- 
souri bluffs.  The  supply  of  water  in  the  running  streams  is  suf- 
ficient for  milling  purposes  during  the  greater  part  of  ordinary  sea- 
sons. The  Nodaway  is  a  deep  stream,  and  always  contains  a  large 
supply  of  water,  affording  ample  power  for  milling. 

Geology. — The  formations  include  the  quaternary  and  the  Upper 
Carboniferous  rocks. 

Quaternary. — The  alluvium  is  well   developed  on  the  banks  o 
the  Missouri,  where  it  was  observed  16  feet  in  thickness,  composed 
of  alternations  of  sand,  clay  and  vegetable  mould.     The  following 
section  was  made  below  Jones's  P.oint : — 

No.  I — 2  feet  comminuted  sand  and  vegetable  mould,  with  roots. 

2 — 1 1^  feet  dark  clay,  ferruginous  stained  ;  contains  Helix,  Pupa, 
Succinea,  etc. ,  with  roots. 

3 — 8  feet  sand ;  roots  occur  in  the  upper  part ;  sand  fine  in  the 
upper  portion,  coarse  below. 

4 — 2  feet  brown  sand  ;  contains  a  thin,  dark  seam,  with  fragments 
of  coal. 

5 — 2  feet  dark  sand. 

In  ponds  on  the  Missouri  bottoms  I  obtained  Physa,  Succinea, 
Planorbis,  Unio  ;  many  of  them  being  intermingled  with  dark  clay. 

The  Bottom  Prairie  is  extensive,  and  consists  for  the  most  part 
of  dark  clay. 

The  "  BlufP'  forms  a  deep  deposit  on  all  the  hills  ;  and  on  the 
hills  and  slopes  near  the  Missouri  bottoms  it  is  very  much  blended 


HOLT  COUNTY.  361 

with   the   soil.     Its  greatest   thickness   is  probably  more  than  100 
feet. 

The  Drift  is  but  sparingly  developed  in  this  county. 
Upper  Carboniferous  Rocks. — The  rocks  in  this  county  belong 
to  the  upper  and  middle  divisions  of  the  Upper  Coal-measures,  and  in- 
clude a  thickness  of  probably  about  400  feet,  three  hundred  feet  crop- 
ping out  in  the  Missouri  bluffs,  below  the  mouth  of  Nodaway  River, 
and  in  the  vicinity  of  Forest  City,  and  about  45  or  50  feet  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  county,  with  a  gap  of  probably  50  feet,  or  there- 
abouts, not  seen  in  the  bluffs  for  eighteen  miles  above  Forest  City. 
The  northerly  dip  is  light,  the  prevailing  inclination  being  westward. 
If  the  rocks  should  preserve  the  same  inclination  of  the  Atchison 
strata,  we  might  supply  the  gap  (no  rocks  seen)  by  160  feet.  These 
figures  would  increase  our  vertical  section  100  feet — too  much  to  in- 
clude without  more  positive  evidence  of  the  fact.  Our  sectionsof  rocks 
seen  in  the  county,  near  Nodaway  River,  at  various  points  from  its 
mouth  to  the  north  county  line,  include  from  No.  146  to  No.  212, 
including  283  feet.  On  the  Missouri  River  bluffs,  to  a  point  two  miles 
north  of  Forest  City,  we  find  35  feet  more  of  additional  rocks.  These 
will  include  121  feet  of  limestone,  10  inches  of  coal,  8  feet  of  bitumi- 
nous shales,  40  feet  of  sandstone  or  sandy  shales,  20  feet  shales  with 
limestone  nodules,  38  feet  clay  shales  ;  balance  of  space  no  rocks 
were  seen.  As  the  county  section  is  embraced  in  detail  in  general 
section  of  the  Coal-measures,  I  will  omit  it  here,  and  in  the  descrip- 
tion of  the  beds  will  refer  by  number  to  those  in  the  General  Section. 
At  McG-uilliam's  Mill,  on  the  Big  Tankei,  at  the  edge  of  the  Mis- 
souri bottoms,  in  south  part  of  T.  63,  R.  40,  we  find  outcrops  as 
follows  : — 
Sec.  80. 
No.  i — Top  slope. 

2 — i  foot  blue  limestone^  in  even  layers  ;  rings  under  the  ham- 
mer ;  contains  Naticopsis,  Fusulina,  and  Crinoid  stems. 
3 — 23  feet  gentle  slope  ;  flags  of  sandstone,  abounding  in  Pr. 
Prattenianus,  appear  5  feet  below  the  top  ;  lower  down 
I  observed  nodular  limestone. 

4 — 2  feet  limestone  ;  fracture  grayish  blue  ;  weathering  brown. 
Fossils  contained  are  Meekella,  CJionetes,  Allorisma,  Pr. 
semireticulatus,  var.  Calhounianus  (Sw.),  Naticopsis, 
Pinna  peracuta. 


362  GEOLOG Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

No.  5 — 3  feet  shales,  a  little  greenish. 
6 — 2  feet  red  shales. 
7 — 14  feet  mostly  sandy  shale. 
8 — 21  feet  in  well  to  shaly  limestone. 

From  this  place  to  within  two  and  a  half  miles  of  Forest  City 
no  outcroppings  of  rock  were  seen. 

After  crossing  Kimsey's  Creek  we  again  find  outcrops  of  rocks. 
The  following  is  a  section  one  mile  and  a  half  above  Forest  City  : — 
No.  i — 160  feet  slope. 

2 — 16  inches  bluish-gray  limestone,  weathering  brown  ;  lower 
part  weathers  dark  gray  ;  a  5~mch  blue  bed  at  bottom  ; 
apparently  contains  a  good  deal  of  carbonate  of  iron  ;  is 
heavy,  hard  and  tough  ;    fossils    observed  were  a    few 
univalves.     No.  220. 
3 — 2  feet  blue-clay  shales. 
4 — 5  feet  shaly  slope. 

5 — 17  inches  hard,  dull-blue  limestone,  sometimes  weathering 
with  a  brown-ochre  crust,  which  is  often  over  an  inch 
thick;  contains  some  fine  fossils,  viz.,  Pr.  Pratteniamis, 
Allorisma  granosa,  Schizodus  curtus,  Syntrilasma  hemi- 
plicata,  Aviculopecten,  Entolium  aviculatum,  Bcllerophon 
Marcouanus,  B.  percarinatus,  Pleurotomaria  like  P.  carbo- 
naria,  Macrocheilus,  Euomphalusrugosus,  and  Aviculo- 
pinna  Americana;  a  Syntrilasma  from  this  place  has 
its  interior  replaced  by  calcite,  traversed  by  minute  veins 
of  zinc-blende.  No.  218. 
6 — 10  inches  shaly  sandstone. 
7 — 2  inches  coal. 

8 — 2  feet  light-blue,  clay  shales  ;  ochrey  at  top. 
9 — 5  feet  drab  sandstone. 
10 — 5  feet  drab,  argillaceous  shales'. 
II — 12  feet  slope. 

12 — 3  feet  dark,  greenish-drab  and  olive,  argillaceous  shales. 
13 — 5  feet  2  inches  alternations  of  thin  beds  of  limestone  and 
brown  calcareous  shales,  abounding  in  Fttsulina,  Athyris 
and  other  fossils.     No.  210. 

The  lower  member  of  the  above  section  can  be  easily  traced, 
along  a  terrace,  from  the  upper  end  of  Forest  City  to  the  eastern 
limit  of  town,  and  below.  The  underlying  beds  of  limestone  being 


HOLT  COUNTY.  363 

quarried  at  many  places,  leaves  it  well  exposed.     It  abounds  chiefly 
in  Fusulina  cylindrica,  which  are  often  weathered  out,  and  can  be 
collected  by  the  handful,  resembling  so  many  wheat-grains.     At 
the  upper  end  of  Forest  City  these  beds  appear  thus  : — 
No.  i — Shales. 

2 — 3  inches  shelly  and  nodular  limestone.' 

3 — i  y2  feet  of  brown  shales  and  concretionary  limestone  nodules. 
4 — 10  inches  rough,  concretionary  bed  of  limestone. 
5 — 10  inches  of  shales. 

6 — Even  bed  of  blue  limestone ;  Athyris  subtilita  abounds  in 
upper  part,  Fusulina  in  the  middle,  Bryozoans  and  corals  (RJiom- 
bopora)  throughout ;  other  fossils  observed  were  a  large  variety 
of  Hemipronites  crassus,  Pr.  symmetricus,  Pr.  semireticulatus,  Pr. 
Nebrascensis,  Retzia  punctulifera,  Spr.  cameratus,  Crinoidea  and 
Fistulapora  nodulifera. 

Sec.  66,  at  the  lower  end  of  Forest  City  :— 
No.  i— Bluff. 

2 — 3  feet  nodular  limestone  and  Fusulina  shales  of  No.  2IO. 
3 — IO  feet  shales,  upper  2   feet  ash-colored,  middle   4  feet 

mottled  gray  and  yellow,  lower  3  feet  gray  shales. 
4 — \y2  feet  ash-blue  limestone,  weathering  brown.     No.  199. 
5 — 2  to  10  inches  yellow  shales,  gray  streaked. 
6 — \y^  feet  brown  limestone.     No.  197. 
7 — 7  feet  yellow  shales. 

8 — 2^/2  feet  greenish-drab  sandstone,  rather  soft;  has  been 
.  very  much  used  at  Forest  City  ;  is  rather  too  soft  for  out- 
door work,  but  for  inside  work  is  very  suitable ;  a  sink  made 
of  it,  in  which   water  has   almost  daily   been  placed   for 
twelve  or  fifteen  years,  shows  no  perceptible  integration  ; 
Mr.  Joel  Balwin  has  a  mantle  made  entirely  of  it,  which 
was  put  up  in  1858,  painted  in  1860,  and  is  sound  yet ;  but 
the    same    stone    used  in  the  floor  of  his  fireplace    had 
softened,  though  the  jams  were  still  firm  ;  from  the  base  of 
the  sandstone  outcrop  to  the  railroad  is  about  22  feet. 
The  sandstone  above  named  occasionally  crops  out  on  the  bluffs 
for  several  miles  below  Forest  City.     The  best  building-rock  for  \ 
ordinary  purposes,  near  and,  in  Forest  City,  may  be  found  fifteen 
or  twenty  feet  above  the  sandstone,  and  just  below  the  horizon  of 
No.  210. 


364  GEOLOG Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

Sec.  65,  one  half  of  a  mile  below  Forest  City  :— 

No.  i — 77  feet  bluff. 

2 — I  foot  brown,  shelly  limestone. 

3 — 10  feet  slope. 

4 — i  foot  brown  limestone,  jointed,  No.  218;  the  fossils  are 
Entolium  aviculatum,  Syntrilasma  hemiplicata,  Solenop- 
sis  ?  Polypliemopsisperacuta,  Poly,  inornata,  Macrocheilus. 

5 — 32/^  feet  slope  ;  shaly  sandstone  is  seen  4  feet  from  top. 

6 — 4  feet  brown  shales  and  nodular  limestone,  with  many  fossils. 
No.  210. 

7 — i  foot  ash-blue  limestone,  good  for  ordinary  building.  No. 
209. 

8 — i  y2  feet  blue  shales. 

9 — 13  inches  blue  limestone  ;  a  useful  building-rock  ;  may  be 
found  in  all  bluffs  above  and  below  Forest  City  for  seve- 
ral miles  ;  its  principal  fossils  are  Productus  Nebrascensis 
and  Hemipronites  crassus,  whose  interior  is  generally  re- 
placed by  clear  calcite. 

10 — 59  feet  to  railroad. 

In  Forest  City  the  last-described  limestone  may  be  found  at  35 
to  40  feet  above  the  level  of  the  railroad  track. 

Sec.   55,   on  Sedwick  and  Took's  land,    Missouri    bluffs,  one 
mile  and  a  half  below  Forest  City  : — 
No.  i — Slope  from  hill-top. 

2 — i  foot  brown  or  shelly  limestone  ;  contains  Hemipronites 
crassns,  Pr,  Pratt enianus  and  Fusulina. 

3 — 4  inches  hard,  bluish-gray,  spathic  limestone.     No.  220. 

4 — 4  feet  slope. 

5 — 1 8  inches  jointed  and  splintery  limestone,  color  blue,  upper 
part  abounding  in  Entol.  aviculatum,  Pr.  Prattenianus,  etc. 

6 — 4  feet  shales. 

7 — 16  inches  sandstone. 

8 — 3O-inches  bituminous  slate. 

9 — 8  inches  ochrey,  sandy  clay. 

10 — 4  inches  coal  ;  a  few  stellate  forms  of  gypsum?  on  surface. 

II — 26  feet  slope. 

12 — 14  inches  blue  limestone;  contains   Hemipronites  crassus 
and  Pr.  Nebrascensis ;  good  building-rock.     No.  209. 

13 — 15  feet  slope. 


HOLT  COUNTY.  365 

No.  14 — I  y2  feet  blue,  shaly  limestone.     No.  199. 
I5  —  23^2  feet  slope. 
16 — 3  feet  ash-blue  limestone,  containing  Pr.  splendens.     No. 

1 86. 

17 — 29  feet  to  railroad. 

On  the  west  side  of  Mill  Creek  16  feet  of  limestone  (No.  186) 
appears  in  the  bluff,  its  base  at  26  feet  above  the  railroad.  Further 
west  it  is  not  often  seen,  but  it  occupies  the  base  of  the  bluff  one 
mile  below  Forest  City.  Following  the  river-bluffs  eastward,  we 
find  it  gradually  rise,  until  we  reach  the  Nodaway  River,  where  it  is 
found  as  the  highest  rock  seen,  more  than  160  feet  above  the  bot- 
toms. One  mile  below  the  point  where  Mill  Creek  enters  the 
bottoms,  we  find  the  following  section  : — 
No.  i — Bluff  slope. 

2 — 5  feet  slope,  with  tumbling  masses  of  nodular,  brown  and 
drab  limestone ;  contains  Ckonetes,  Retzia  punctulifera, 
Pin  n  a  peracu  ta,  etc . 

3 — 19  inches  hard,  bluish-drab  limestone,  somewhat  mottled  and 
spotted  with  ferruginous  stains,  ,vhich  seem  to  occupy  the 
outline  of  fossils  ;  contains  Allorisma. 
4 — 4  feet  slope. 

5 — 1 6  feet  hard  and  tolerably  fine-grained,   bluish-gray  lime- 
stone ;  weathers  with  a  rough,  sandy  appearance. 
6 — I  foot  brown,  shaly  limestone ;    contains  Pr.  Nebrascensis, 

Pr.  Prattenianns.     No.  199. 
7 — 2  feet  brown  and  blue  shales,  containing  Archceocidaris  and 

Athyris  subtilita. 

8 — I  y2  feet  brown,  shelly  limestone.     No.  197. 
9 — 2  feet  brown,  calcareous  shales,  .containing  Athyris  subtili- 
ta, Spr.  cameratus,  Pr.  Nebrascensis  and  Archaocidaris. 
No.  196. 

10 — 3  feet  greenish-buff  shales. 

ii — 2  feet  coarse,  green,  micaceous  sandstone.     No.  195. 
12 — 5  feet  slope  45°. 
13 — i  foot  blue  limestone. 

14 — 9  feet  20°  slope  ;  a  spring  issues  from  this  slope. 
15 — 4    feet    bluish  and  somewhat   ash-colored   limestone,  fine 
grained  and  brittle ;  contains  Spr.   cameratus  and   Pr. 
splendens. 


366  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

One  mile  above  Forbes  the  following  section  is  exposed  : — 
Sec.  51. 
No.  i — 50  feet  bluff. 

2 — 20  feet  sand,  clay  and  bowlders. 

3 — 1 8  feet  clay,  with  large  masses  of  sandstone,    apparently 

near  their  proper  place,  for  they  are  not  much  worn. 
4 — i  foot  hard,  deep,  ash-blue   limestone,  with  brown  specks  ; 

contains  Athyris  subtilita  and  Myalina  subquadrata. 
5 — 4  feet  shales  and  calcareous  nodules,  with  Athyris  subtilita 

and  Pr.  Prattenianus. 
6 — 2    feet   hard,  tough,    coarse-grained     limestone ;  weathers 

brown,  with  a  coarse,  sandy  appearance.  No.  199. 
7 — 5  feet  shales  and  outcrops  of  brown,  shelly  limestone,  con- 
taining At.hyris  subtilita,  Pr.  Nebrascensis,  Spr.  cameratusy 
Pr.  punctatus,  RJwmbopora  and  Fistulipora. 
8 — 1 6  feet  slope  ;  blue  limestone  at  bottom. 
9 — 5  feet  shaly  slope,  on  a  terrace  25    feet  in  width,  with  out- 
crops of  limestone  at  lower  part. 
10 — 1 5  feet  limestone.     No.  186. 
1 1 — 4  feet  slope.     . 

12 — \y^  feet  limestone,  very  good  for  building  ;  even  layers. 
13 — 7  feet  slope. 

14 — 5  feet  outcrop  of  buff  and  brown  limestone. 
15 — 39  feet  to  terrace. 
16 — 1 6  feet  slope  to  railroad. 

Hill  209  feet  high. 

Rocks  similar  to  those  last  named  occur  at  Forbes.  Below 
Forbes  there  are  but  few  outcrops  for  three  or  four  miles.  One 
half  of  a  mile  below  Forbes  No.  160  is  seen,  resting  on  15  feet  of 
sandy  shales,  the  latter  extending  to  the  railway  below.  Two  miles 
farther  down  No.  154  crops  out  near  the  railroad,  3  feet  thick,  and 
appears  to  be  a  good  rock  for  common  building  purposes. 

Sec.  48.  This  is  seen  on  Missouri  bluffs  one  half  of  a  mile  west 
of  Nodaway  River. 

No.  i — Slope  ;  at  lower  part  are  yellowish  limestone  nodules. 
2 — 10  inches  hard,  firm,  dark  ash-gray  limestone. 
3 — 44  feet  slope. 

4 — 13  inches  even-bedded,  brownish-gray  limestone.    No.  152. 
5 — 17  inches  gray,  friable  limestone.     No. ^152.  j 


HOLT  COUNTY.  367 

No.  6 — 3  feet  brown,  nodular  limestone  and  shales.      Top  of  No. 

150. 

7 — 6  feet  gray,  brown  and  drab  limestone  ;  calcite  (in  stalac- 
tic  form)  in  joints  ;  fossils  are  a  Myalina  on  top,  Pr. 
Nebrascensis  in  middle  ;  contains  also  Pr.  punctatus, 
Macrocheilus,  AtJiyris  and  Solenomya. 

8 — Includes  fossils  lying  on  top  of  No.  9,  viz.  :  Pr.  costatus, 
Spr.  earner  atus,  Spr.  Kentuckensis,  Athyris  subtilita, 
Fusulina  cylindrica,  RJiombopora  lepidodendroides  and 
Fistulapora  nodulifera. 

9 — 16  feet  9  inches  limestone  in  irregular  layers  of  4  to  10 
inches,  and  \y2  feet  in  thickness,  with  buff,  shaly  partings ; 
the  fossils  are  Pr.  punctatus,  Pr.  Nebrascensis,  Athyris, 
Allorisma,  Spr.  earner  atus,  Spr.  lineatus,  BelleropJion, 
Fusulina.  Bottom  of  1 50. 
10 — 3  feet  olive  shales  to  grade  of  railroad. 

A  good  deal  of  rock  has  been  quarried  here,  and  used  in  bridge 
and  culvert  masonry  on  the  railroad.  No.  4  is  undoubtedly  a 
good  rock,  but  the  other  members  of  the  section  would  not  rank  as 
first-class  material.  No.  150  is  last  seen  on  Nodaway  River,  one 
mile  from  its  mouth. 

Ledges  of  No.  186  appear  on  the  hill-top  140  feet  above.  Pass- 
ing northward  we  find  No.  186,  resting  on  hill-top,  as  far  north  as 
the  middle  of  T.  61.  Further  north  but  few  outcrops  were  ob- 
served. 

Some  nice  fossils  are  contained  in  the  upper  part  of  No.  186,  in 
Sec.  3,T.  59,  R.  37- 

Near  the  head  of  Brockman's  Branch  No.  199  is  found,  contain- 
ing some  pretty  fossils. 

Section  near  the  Mouth  of  Brockman's  Branch : — 
No.  i — 25  feet  slope. 

2 — 8   feet   irregularly-bedded   limestone  ;    weathers   brown  or 
buff,  upper  part  a  dark  ash;  corresponds  to  No.  186  of 
General  Section. 
3 — 58  feet  slope, 'with  fragments  of  limestone  ;  at  28  feet  from 

top  is  an  outcrop  of  buff,  earthy  limestone. 
4 — 30  feet  slope,  with  fragments  of  sandy  shales. 
5 — 6  feet  dark-olive,  clay  shales. 
6 — 6  inches  gray  limestone;  abounds  in  fossils. 


363  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

No.  7 — 6  feet  argillaceous  shales  ;  contains  beds  of  septaria  6  inches 
thick  ;  one  is  two  feet  from  top,  the  other  about  the  mid- 
dle and  a  third  near  the  bottom  ;  abounds  in  Prodncti. 
8 — 10  feet  argillaceous  shales,  like  No.  7  ;  also  containing  three 
beds  of  septaria,  the  upper  one  2  feet  below  the  top, 
the  next  I  foot  lower,  and  the  third  is  2  feet  below  the 
second,  each  layer  being  about  2  inches  thick. 
Below,  No.   2  of  this    section  includes  members  not  elsewhere 
recognized,  but  they  are  all  important  as  connecting  links  in  the 
General  Section. 

Section  at  Henry  Kunkel's,  on  Nicholl's  Creek,  is  as  follows  :- 
No.  i — Slope. 

2 — 5  feet  shales. 

3 — 2  inches  green,  fibrous   "cone  in  cone."     The  specimens 
from  this  place  are  beautiful  representations  of  this  pecu- 
liar crystalline  form.      Sometimes  the  upper  surface  is 
weathered  into  beautiful  miniature  terraced  cones. 
4 — I  foot  limestone,  abounding  in  fossils. 
5 — 6  inches  shales. 

6 — 2   inches  blue  hornstone,  full  of  fossil  remains. 
7 — 15  feet  bluish-gray  limestone,  in  irregular  beds.     No.  186. 
Lower  down  the  branch  2  feet  of  sandstone  is  seen,  about  13  feet 
above  No.  3  of  the  foregoing  section. 

Sec.  67,  at  A.  Kunkell's  Mill,  on  Mill  Creek,  near  Oregon  : — 
No.  I — 4  feet  nodular  limestone  and  shales,  abounding  in  Fusulina, 

Athyris  and  a  Bryozoa.     No.  210. 

2 — 16  inches  limestone  ;  abounds  in  Pr.  Nebrascensis  and  Hemi- 
pronites  crassus,  the  interior  replaced  by  calcite.  No. 
206. 

3 — 2^/2  feet  of  drab,  thick-bedded  shales.     No.  205. 
4 — 1 6  inches  dark-green  shales.     No.  204. 
5 — 8  inches  green,  nodular  shales.     No.  203. 
6 — 16  inches  yellow  shales  with  green  streaks.     No.  202 
7 — 10  inches  coarse,  gray  limestone.     No.  2OI. 
8 — 2  j^  feet  light-gray  shales,  passing  into  blue  below  ;   contains 

rough  limestone  concretions.     No.  200. 

9 — 2T/2  feet  ash-blue,  rough-bedded,  shelly  limestone;  weathers 
brown ;  the  fossils  are  Pr.  Nebrascensis,  Pr.  Prattenianus. 
No.  199. 


HOLT  COUNTY.  369 

No.  10 — 2  feet  blue  shales,  shading  to  brown. 

II — 2  feet  ash-blue  limestone,  weathers  brown. 

12 — 3  feet  brown  shales.     No.  196. 

13 — 4  feet  sandy  shales.     No.  195. 

14 — I  foot  bituminous  shales.     No.  194. 

15 — 3  feet  sandy  shales  or  sandstone.     No.  193. 

16 — 21  inches  gray  sandstone.     No.    192. 

17 — 5  inches  shales.     No.  191. 

1 8 — €>y2   inches  even  bed  of  grayish-blue  limestone,  containing 

fine  univalves.     No.  190. 
19 — 3>2  feet  blue  shales.     No.  189. 
20 — 4  inches  deep-blue  limestone. 
21 — 8  feet  blue  shales. 
22 — Limestone.     No.  186. 

The  above  section  is  the  most  complete  that  could  be  found  of  the 
beds  between  Nos.  210  and  186.  Nos.  2,  16  and  18  are  well  ex- 
posed, and  afford  most  excellent  building  materials.  Mr.  Kunkell's 
shaft  (of  which  I  will  speak  hereafter)  commenced  in  No.  21. 

Some  of  the  upper  members  of  the  general  section  were  concealed 
in  the  Missouri  bluffs,  at  Forest  City,   but  are  well  exposed  on 
Rolling  Branch,  in  the  north-east  part  of  the  county,  as  follows  : — 
No.  2 — Drab  shales. 

3 — 19  inches  deep-blue  limestone,  in  four  beds,  separated  by 
shaly  partings,  the  upper  bed  8  inches,  the  next  two  4 
inches,  and  the  lower  3  inches  thick ;  abounds  in  a 
species  of  Lingula ;  Pinna  peracuta  and  Aviculopinna 
Americana  were  also  found  ;  this  rock  is  of  a  dull,  deep- 
lead  blue,  occurring  in  very  even  layers  ;  is  valuable  for 
flagging. 

Two  miles  south  of  these   outcrops    we   find  beds  referable   to 
No.  199  and  its  correlations,  as  the  following  section  shows  : — 
No.  i — I  foot  soil. 
2 — 6  feet  drift. 

3 — 4  feet  greenish  and  buff  calcareous  shales. 
4 — 6  inches  firm  bed  of  brown  limestone. 
5 — 1^2  feet  drab,  calcareo-argillaceous  shales. 
6 — 3  feet  ash-drab,  compact  limestone,  in  irregular  beds  and 

with  shaly  partings. 
7 — 4  inches  buff,  shaly  limestone. 
24 


3/0  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

No.  8 — I  foot  drab,  calcareo-argillaceous  shales. 
9 — 2  inches  brown  limestone. 
10 — 2^  feet  ash-blue  limestone. 

ECONOMICAL   GEOLOGY. 

Coal. — No  workable  beds  have  yet  been  discovered  in  this  county, 
and  it  is  probable  that  none  ever  will  be.  High  in  the  bluffs,  near 
Forest  City,  a  stratum  is  seen  cropping  out  from  two  to  four  inches 
in  thickness ;  this  I  refer  to  the  bed  near  Nodaway  River,  in 
Nodaway  County. 

An  analysis  of  this  coal,  by  Mr.  Chauvenet,  from  J.  C.  Smith's, 
near  Quitman,  Nodaway  County,  gives — 

Water. 3.53 

Volatile 42.72 

F.  carbon 40.71 

Ash 13.04 

Color  of  ash very  light  brown 

At  Yancton  and  near  Rulo,  in  Nebraska,  a  bed  of  coal  has  been 

worked,  and  by  judicious  management  it  may  repay  tolerably  well. 

Being  only  separated  from  Holt  County  by  the  Missouri  River,  it 

may  at  some  future  time  be  valuable  to  Missourians.      This  same 

bed  crops  out  about  ten  miles  below  Yancton  on  the  Iowa  reserve. 

The  following  section  was  made  at  Yancton  : — 

No.  2 — Brittle  and  somewhat  shelly,  ferruginous  limestone,  buff  and 

gray  ;  contains  remains  of  univalves  imperfectly  defined. 

3 — 2^  feet  ferruginous  limestone,  reddish  gray  ;  weathers  to 

brown. 

4 — i  foot  shales. 

5 — i  foot  thin-bedded,  ferruginous  limestone. 
6 — I  foot  greenish-drab  shales. 
7 — 2  feet  ferruginous  limestone  in  thin  beds. 
8 — 3  feet  bluish-drab,  clay  shales. 
9 — 2^  feet  purple  and   green,  bituminous    and   argillaceous 

shales,  containing  ferns  and  other  plants. 
10 — 2  inches  to  10  inches  bituminous  coal. 
1 1 — 2  feet  sandstone  and  sandy  shales. 
12 — 9  feet  argillaceous  shales. 
13 — 8  inches  carbonate  of  iron  (ironstone),  dove-color. 


HOLT  COUNTY.  37! 

No.    14 — 4  feet  clay  or  argillaceous  shales,  soft,  dove  or  drab,  to 

low  water  in  Missouri  River. 

A  specimen  of  coal,  probably  equivalent  to  the  Yancton  bed, 
obtained  one  mile  below  the  mouth  of  the  Big  Nemaha  River,  at 
the  Omaha  Coal  Company's  mines,  was  analyzed  by  Mr.  Chauvenet. 

Water 4. 93 

Volatile. 38.17 

F.  carbon 49-44 

Ash 7.46 

Color  of  ash red-brown 

These  beds  probably  occur  in  the  northern  part  of  Holt  County  ; 
if  so,  they  are  covered  so  deeply  by  the  bluff  as  to  be  entirely  con- 
cealed, and  also  too  remotely  removed  to  be  available.  The  follow- 
ing is  said  to  be  a  section  of  the  strata  penetrated  in  Mr.  Kunkell's 
shaft  and  boring,  one  mile  east  of  Oregon  : — 

Kunkell's  Shaft  and  Bore. 

No.  i — ii  feet  slate. 

2 — 14  feet  of  limestone.     No.  186  of  Gen.  Sec. 

3 — 4  feet  slate. 

4 — 2  feet  hard  limestone.     No.  184. 

5 — 12  feet  soft  rock. 

6 — 5  feet  hard  rock. 

7—51  feet  slate  (shale). 

8 — 2  feet  hard  rock. 

9 — 5  feet  slate. 
10 — 5  feet  hard  rock, 
ii — 4  feet  slate. 
12 — i  foot  rock. 
13—12  feet  "chalk"  (?). 
14 — 6  feet  rock. 
15 — 19  feet  slate. 
16 — 4%  feet  rock. 
17 — 10^  feet  slate. 
1 8 — 19  feet  rock. 
19 — 2  feet  hard  sandstone. 
20 — 1 1  feet  rock. 


372  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-  WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

No.  21 — 2^  feet  slate. 
22 — \y^  feet  rotten  coal. 
23 — i  foot  rock. 

24 — 7  feet  bituminous  or  sulphur  slate,  green. 
25 — y2  foot  iron  pyrites.      * 
26 — 13  feet  slate,  mixed  with  iron  pyrites. 
27 — 5  feet  bituminous  limestone. 
28 — i*^  feet  hard  sandstone. 
29 — ii^{  feet  bituminous  shale. 
30 — I  YZ  feet  sandrock. 
3i — 4/^  feet  slate. 
32 — 1 1  feet  slate. 
33 — !/^  feet  sandrock. 
34 — 4  feet  slate  and  sandrock. 
35 — I  foot  sandrock. 

36 — 8  feet  slate  and  sandrock,  half  and  half. 
37 — 4  feet  slate. 
38 — 13  feet  slate. 
39 — i  y^  feet  sandrock. 
40 — 32}^  feet  slate,  sandy. 
41 — 2  feet  sandrock,  soft. 
42 — 3  feet  slate,  sandy. 
43 — i  foot  sandstone,  soft. 
44 — 4  feet  slate,  soft. 
45 — i  foot  hard  rock. 
46 — 7  feet  slate. 
47 — y?,  foot  rotten  coal. 
48 — 2^  feet  slate  and  rock. 
49 — 2  feet  limestone. 
50 — I  foot  slate,  hard. 
51 — I  foot  hard  rock. 
52 — i  foot  slate. 
53 — 22  feet  black  rock. 
54 — i  inch  coal,  good. 
55 — 8  feet  black  rock. 
56 — 3  feet  slate  and  rock. 
57 — 10  feet  slate. 
58 — i  foot  sandstone. 
59 — 2  feet  slate. 


HOLT  COUNTY.  373 

No.  60 — 4^  feet  slate  and  rock. 

6i~j4  foot  "  sea-shells." 

62 — 5  feet  hard  limestone. 

63 — 4  feet  limestone  and  slate. 

64 — 12  feet  hard  rock. 

65 — i  foot  slate. 

66 — 5  feet  limestone. 

67 — 3  feet  bituminous  shale. 

68 — i  foot  limestone. 

69 — 5  feet  slate. 

70 — I  y^  feet  poor  coal. 

71 — y±  foot  fire-clay. 

72 — i  foot  limestone. 

73 — 4  feet  black  rock. 

74 — 6  feet  slate. 

75 — 2  feet  hard  limestone. 

76 — 3  feet  slate. 

77 — 9  feet  limestone. 

78  —2  feet  slate. 

79 — 6  feet  rock  and  slate. 

80 — 14  feet  sandy,  black  limestone. 

8 1 — 4  feet  hard,  white  limestone. 

82 — 124  feet  mostly  slate. 

83 — 36  feet  white,  bituminous  limestone. 

84 — 4^  feet  "  good  coal." 

The  shaft  commenced  in  No.  189.  The  first  coal  of  2  feet  is 
probably  mostly  bituminous  shale,  corresponding  to  the  seam  of 
coal  and  shale  (No.  158)  seen  two  miles  north  of  Savannah,  and 
represented  by  5  inches  of  coal,  at  Wm.  Barr's,  six  miles  south-west 
of  Savannah.  His  next,  in  descending  order,  is  undoubtedly  the 
equivalent  of  the  coal  on  Niagara  Creek,  Andrew  County,  and  in  the 
Missouri  bluffs,  ten  to  twenty  miles  below  St.  Joseph.  The  boring 
terminated  near  No.  103,  about  20  feet  below  the  Plattsburgh  lime- 
stone. (No.  108.) 

The  "4^  feet  of  coal"  is  more  probably  bituminous  shales  with 
a  few  intercalated  seams  of  coal,  as  is  seen  by  the  specimens 
brought  up  and  by  my  examinations.  Five  hundred  feet  more,  or 
1170  feet  from  the  surface,  would  reach  the  first  workable  seam,  or 
the  Lexington  coal. 


374  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

At  Forest  City  they  would  have  to  go  about  the  same  depth  to 
reach  workable  coal. 

Red  Clay  occurs  on  Tarkie,  in  south  part  of  T.  63,  at  McGuil- 
liam's  Mill. 

Grindstones. — The  sandstone  quarry  at  Forest  City,  although 
rather  soft,  affords  a  useful  material  for  making  grindstones  ;  it  is  a 
tolerably  coarse-grained  drab  or  gray  sandstone,  somewhat  mica- 
ceous ;  is  easily  quarried  and  works  free.  It  is  used  for  cappings, 
and  door  and  window  facings,  and  makes  beautiful  mantels  and 
jams. 

Quarries  of  Limestone. — There  are  many  very  good  quarries 
near  Forest  City  and  for  six  miles  south-east ;  also  on  Mill  Creek, 
Brockman's  Branch  and  Nicholl's  Creek.  The  texture  of  the  stone 
is  often  fine-grained.  No.  84,  occurring  about  five  miles  south-east 
of  Forest  City,  and  on  Brockman's  Branch,  would  look  well  pol- 
ished. 

Timber. — The  Missouri  bottoms  afford  an  excellent  supply  of 
good  timber,  including  cottonwood,  elm,  linden,  black  walnut, 
hackberry,  red  oak,  burr  oak,  honey  locust.  Good  black  oak, 
linden,  hickory  and  burr  oak  abound  on  the  hills  in  the  south  part 
of  the  county. 

Soil — Poor  land  is  scarcely  known  in  Holt  County  ;  the  broken 
hills  near  the  rivers  are  sometimes  poor,  and  on  the  prairie,  between 
Squaw  Creek  and  the  Tarkie,  the  soil  is  rather  thin. 

Between  Big  and  Little  Tarkie,  in  T.  63,  the  soil  is  rich,  and  lies 
well  for  cultivation,  excepting,  a  broken  strip,  three-quarters  of  a 
mile  in  width,  lying  along  the  bluffs.  A  rich  belt,  one-quarter  of  a 
mile  to  one-half  of  a  mile  in  width,  of  gently-sloping  land,  connects 
the  bluffs,  and  extends  from  the  north  line  of  T.  62  to  north 
line  of  T.  59.  The  "bluff"  washed  from  the  hills  above  is  the 
principal  ingredient  in  this  soil.  This  land  slopes  off  gently, 
and  is  capable  of  producing  fine  crops,  and  the  steep  hillsides, 
which  have  often  30°  and  40°  ascent,  produce  good  crops  of  corn 
and  wheat.  South  of  Oregon,  and  lying  between  the  Missouri  bluffs 
and  Nodaway  River,  the  soil  is  based  on  the  bluff  and  disintegrated 
limestone.  The  very  broken  country  does  not  exceed  a  mile  in 
width,  while  beyond,  the  rich,  hilly,  black-oak  land  extends  for 
several  miles.  Then  we  have  rich  prairies  and  thicket-land.  The 
southern  portion  is  suitable  for  most  crops.  The  upland  prairies, 


HOLT  COUNTY.  375 

toward  the  north  and  north-east  of  the   county,  are  high,  rolling, 
and  rich,  with  fertile  valleys  between  the  hills. 

The  Bluff  Knobs  seem  to  have  been  left  by  Nature  for  vineyards. 
During  recent  years  the  wheat-crops  have  mostly  failed.  The  bot- 
toms produce  from  ten  to  fifteen  barrels  of  corn  per  acre.  Pump- 
kins and  squashes  grow  very  finely. 


CHAPTER   XIV. 

GEOLOGY   OF   ATCHISON    COUNTY. 
BY   G.    C.    BROADHEAD. 

ATCHISON  COUNTY  lies  in  the  extreme  north-west  corner  of  Mis- 
souri. It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Iowa,  on  the  east  by  Nodaway 
County,  on  the  south  by  Holt  County,  and  on  the  west  by  the  Mis- 
souri River,  which  separates  it  from  Nebraska.  Its  area  is  about 
600  square  miles. 

Topography. — The  bottoms  of  the  Missouri,  extending  eastward 
across  the  Nishnebotna  River  to  the  bluffs  beyond,  range  from  four 
to  eight  miles  in  width,  and  include  an  area  of  100  square  miles. 
The  hills  east,  for  one  or  two  miles,  include  a  tract  of  country  con- 
sisting of  a  number  of  groups  of  rounded  hills,  or  knobs  presenting 
a  mammillary  front,  and  rising  150  to  250  feet  above  the  bottom- 
prairie.  Eastward,  and  extending  to  the  east  line  of  the  county, 
the  country  slopes  gently  to  the  streams  ;  the  bottoms  are  tolerably 
wide  and  the  uplands  hilly  and  rolling.  The  Missouri  bluffs  are 
often  very  steep  ;  frequently  sloping  at  an  angle  of  60°,  often  in 
every  direction,  they  seem  like  miniature  mountain  peaks,  and  pre- 
sent a  very  picturesque  appearance.  The  views  from  their  sum- 
mits are  often  very  extensive  and  beautiful.  Ascending  them  two 
miles  west  of  Rockport,  we  see,  to  the  northward,  the  wide  Mis- 
souri bottom  with  its  covering  of  tall  prairie-grass,  through 
which  the  winding  Nishnebotna  can  be  traced  by  its  fringe  of  green. 
The  prairies  beyond  stretch  out  beautifully,  occasionally  dotted 
with  farms  and  fine  fields  of  ripe  corn.  Across  to  the  north-west 
appear  the  white  houses  of  the  town  of  Sonora,  glistening  in  the 
sunshine,  and  giving  a  pleasant  relief;  beyond  it  is  the  timber  near 
the  Missouri  river,  and  still  further  in  the  background  arise,  in 
bold  relief,  the  hills  of  Nebraska.  To  the  right  and  left  the  bare 
bluff  hills  extend  in  irregular,  mountain-like  elevations. 

Timber  and  Prairie. — Near  the  Missouri    are   occasional  tracts 


ATCHISON  COUNTY.  377 

of  heavy  timber  a  mile  or  more  in  width.  Along  the  Nishnebotna 
the  timber  is  generally  confined  to  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the 
stream  ;  the  area  of  prairie-bottom  therefore  greatly  exceeds  that 
of  the  timber. 

West  of  Linden  is  a  large  grove  of  timber,  and  southward  along 
the  bluffs  there  is  considerable.  In  the  neighborhood  of  High  Creek 
are  some  groves  of  timber;  eastward  it  is  scarce,  and  groves  are 
few  and  far  between.  One  may  sometimes  travel  ten  to  fifteen  miles 
without  passing  near  a  single  tree.  Along  the  Tarkie  streams  are 
generally  found  a  few  small  elm,  box  elder,  willow,  and  Cornus 
trees.  West  of  Big  Tarkie,  in  the  southern  part  of  the  county,  we 
occasionally  see  small  groves.  The  following  is  a  list  of  trees  and 
shrubs  seen  in  this  county :  Crabapple,  white  ash,  prickly  ash, 
blackberry,  box  elder,  wahoo,  button  bush,  black  cherry,  choke 
cherry,  coffee-tree,  cottonwood,  coralberry,  elder,  Cornus  sericea, 
Cornus  asperifolia,  red  elm,  white  elm,  frost  grape,  river  grape, 
Sioux  grape,  greenbrier,  gooseberry,  hackberry,  Amorpha fruti- 
cosa  (false  indigo),  lead  plant,  bladder  nut,  hazel,  Cassia  Mary- 
landia,  hawthorn,  hickory  (shell-bark  and  thick  shell-bark),  pignut 
hickory,  bitternut  hickory,  ironwood,  honey  locust,  white  maple, 
mulberry,  burr  oak,  linden,  chinquepin,  red  and  pin  oak,  paw-paw, 
plum,  Rosa  setigera,  Rosa  suicda,  raspberry,  red  bud,  sycamore, 
sumach,  poison  oak,  Virginia  creeper,  black  walnut,  willow,  red 
root. 

On  the  prairie  we  have  high  grass,  and  in  the  proper  season  a 
rich  flora  ;  but  in  October,  1860,  at  the  time  of  my  first  visit,  the 
blossoms  had  faded,  and  the  beautiful  Gentiana  puberula  was 
almost  the  only  plant  remaining  in  bloom.  On  my  second  visit,  in 
June,  1872,  I  observed  several  rare  and  beautiful  plants  growing 
upon  the  mounds,  including  Yucca  augustifolia,  Pentstemon 
grandiflora,  CEnotJiera  serrulata,  and  Oxytropis  Lamberti. 

Streams  and  Springs. — The  Nishnebotna  enters  the  county  on 
the  north,  passes  within  a  quarter  of  a  mile  of  the  Missouri,  thence 
sweeps  off  in  a  devious  southerly  direction,  generally  near  the  Mis- 
souri bluffs,  and  from  four  to  eight  miles  from  the  Missouri  River, 
to  the  south  part  of  the  county,  where  it  unites  its  waters  with  the 
great  Missouri  ;  it  can  be  forded  at  only  a  few  places  in  extremely 
dry  seasons. 

Within  a  few  years  prior  to  1872  the  builders  of  the  Kansas  City, 


378 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


St.  Joseph  and  Council  Bluffs  R.  R.  have  turned  this  river  into  the 
Missouri  River  at  the  north  line  of  Atchison  County,  so  that  at  pre- 
sent the  old  channel  is  limited  in  its  supply  of  water.  This  stream 
abounds  in  fish,  fresh-water  shells,  mostly  of  the  genus  Unto,  in- 
cluding U.  teres,  U.  lachrymosa,  U.  triangularis,  U.  rectns,  U. 
alattis,  U.  her  os,  etc.  The  banks  of  the  Tarkies  are  steep,  and 
often  too  marshy  to  be  easily  forded.  All  the  streams  are  clear  and 
running.  On  Rock  Creek  are  three  mills,  which  run  during  the 
whole  season.  At  Rundell's  mill  the  water  is  conveyed  in  troughs 
from  a  neighboring  spring,  and  falls  on  a  wheel  placed  above  the 
building,  which  turns  the  machinery  within.  Springs  abound  every- 
where near  the  creeks  and  along  the  Missouri  bluffs,  generally 
issuing  about  one-third  way  up  the  bluffs. 

GEOLOGY. 

Quaternary  Deposits.  —  The  ALLUVIUM  includes  the  soil  and 
recent  river  deposits  ;  it  appears  to  be  composed  of  alternations  of 
clay,  sand,  marly  clay-beds  and  vegetable  mould.  The  following 
section  was  taken  on  the  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  at  North  Star 
Landing,  opposite  Brownville  :— 

Fig.   112. 
SECTION 
ATCHISON    CO. 
OPPOSITE    &ROWNVIL1.E 


K.  mold 


Cla.v    -in  tAiri 
w    iron,  Sla.-ine3-  Hj 


SomeL  x.J&nivt  nil?'  r 

Shale  in 


6  Coa-rff  tfetnel .  <£trX,  sfai 


ots. KremaL\r*$  of  shells 


ATCHISON  COUNTY.  379 

No.  7  is  sometimes  unconformable,  and  in  it  occur  thin  streaks  of 
clay,  which  often  thin  out. 

LOESS,  or  BLUFF. — This  formation  is  found  on  all  hills  ;  is  de- 
veloped on  the  Missouri  bluffs,  where  it  forms  those  curiously- 
rounded  knobs  which  I  have  before  mentioned.  'The'  Bluff  is 
probably  from  200  to  250  feet  in  depth,  and  consists  mostly  of 
finely-comminuted,  somewhat  sandy  and  marly  ash-brown  clays  ; 
when  worn  away  or  dug  into,  it  is  generally  jointed  in  a  vertical 
direction  ;  nodular,  round,  calcareous  concretions  are  often  found. 
The  fossils  found  were  Helix,  Helicina  occulta  and  Succinea.  I 
obtained  buffalo-teeth  from  Mr.  J.  Allen,  who  procured  them  ten 
feet  beneath  the  surface,  in  a  valley  between  the  hills  at  Rundell's 
mill.  They  may  belong  to  a  more  recent  era  than  the  bluff,  and 
the  clays  of  the  bluff  may  have  been  washed  down  and  have 
covered  them. 

Drift. — Beneath  the  Bluff  I  observed,  at  Rockport,  a  few  feet  of 
sand  with  bowlders  of  quartzite.  The  drift  does  not  seem  to  be 
well  marked  in  this  county.  Bowlders  of  quartzite,  greenstone, 
etc.,  were  occasionally  found. 

UPPER   CARBONIFEROUS. 

The  rocks  of  this  county  belong  to  the  upper  part  of  the  Upper 
Coal  Series,  and  include  limestones,  sandstones  and  shales,  amount- 
ing to  about  1 80  feet  in  thickness,  divided  about  as  follows  :  50  feet 
of  sandstone,  with  only  about  20  feet  of  limestone,  the  balance 
sandy  and  clay  shales.  They  have  a  dip  north  and  west  amounting 
to  about  170  feet  from  the  south  to  north  line  of  the  county,  along 
the  Missouri  bluffs,  and  probably  about  360  feet  across  the  county 
from  east  to  west.  The  following  is  a  general  section  of  rocks  in 
this  county  : — 

No.  i — 250  feet  bluff. 

2 — Drift ;  thickness  unknown,  beneath  the  bluff. 

3 — 5  feet  red  shales. 

4 — Sandstone  and  shales  ;  sandstone  at  top,  upper  three  feet 
irregularly-bedded  and  micaceous,  green  ;  below,  8  or  10  feet  soft 
brown  ;  then  35  feet  shales  and  sandstone,  red  shales  in  upper  part, 
thick-bedded  sandstone  at  bottom. 

5 — 10  inches  drab  limestone  ;  weathers  brown. 


380  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-  WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

No.  6 — 3  feet  2  inches  shaly  limestone,  containing  fossils. 

7 — i  foot  4  inches  blue,  concretionary  limestone,  traversed  by 
calc-spar  veins. 

8 — 2  inches  sandy  shales  or  dark-brown  clay. 
9 — 2  inches  impure  coal  and  shales,  two  to  three  inches. 
10 — Ochrey,  sandy  shale. 
ii — 22  feet  sandy  shales. 

12 — i  foot  6  inches  dark-blue  shaly  limestone. 
13 — i  foot  6  inches  red  and  green  shales,  with  nodules  of  lime- 
stone. 

14 — 4   feet    limestone,  upper    part  nodular ;    weathers  brown  ; 
abounds  in  Fusulina. 

15 — 28  feet  blue  and  drab,  argillaceous  shale. 
16 — 2  feet  limestone,  bluish  drab  ;  contains  Belleroplion,  Crinoid 
stems,  etc. 

17 — 10  inches  blue,  fossiliferous  shales  ;  contains  Aviculopecten, 
Productus,  Bryozoa,  etc. 

1 8 — 2  feet  6  inches  hard  sandstone. 
19 — 3  feet  soft  sandstone. 

20 — 10  inches  calcareous  sandstone  ;    abounds  in  Myalina  sub- 
quadrata  and  Pinna peractita  ;  springs  abound  at  the  base. 
21 — 6  feet  blue,  argillaceous  shales,  6  feet  to  13  feet. 
22 — i    foot  tolerably    fine-grained,    blue  limestone,  perpendicu- 
larly jointed;  weathers  brown. 
23 — i  foot  3  inches  shales. 

24 — 10  inches  buff,  ochrey,  decomposing  limestone,  jointed  per- 
pendicularly ;  abounds  in  Prod,  scmireticulatus  (var.  P.  Calhou- 
niamts,  Sw.). 

25 — 2  feet  buff  and  olive  shales. 
26—2  feet  red  shales. 

27 — 30  feet  clay  and  sandy  shales,  and  concretionary  layers  of 
sandy  ironstone. 

28 — Shelly  limestone  ;  contains  Spr.  (Martinia)  planoconvexus 
and  Crinoid  stems. 

Nos.  22  to  28  occur  in  the  northern  part  of  Holt  County.  Out- 
crops of  rocks  were  observed  along  the  Missouri  bluffs,  on  Rock 
Creek,  south  of  the  middle  of  T.  65  on  Mill  Creek ;  and  Big 
Tarkie,  south  of  the  middle  of  T.  64.  On  the  other  streams  no 
outcrops  have  been  discovered. 


ATCHISON  COUNTY.  381 

The  following  section  appears  on  the  Missouri  bluffs,  on  the 
north  line  of  the  county,  and  is  numbered  68  and  69. 

Shaly  sandstone  on  slope.     No.  4  of  Gen.  Sec. 

No.  i — 2  feet  ochrey  and  blue  banded  clay  shales,  in  thin  laminse. 
No.  5  of  Gen.  Sec. 

2 — 10  inches  dark,  dull-looking  limestone  ;  weathers  brown  ; 
contains  Syntrilasma  hemiplicata,  Spr.  cameratus,  Pr.  semireticu- 
latus. 

3 — 2  feet  limestone,  rather  shaly  ;  abounds  in  fossils,  including 
Pr.  Calhounianus  (Sw.),  Productus  (medium  sized  spec,  resembling 
the  Pr.  Calhounianus  ;  it  may  be  a  young  individual),  Spr.  plano- 
convexus,  Chonetes,  Meekella  striato-costata,  Rhynchonella  Osagen- 
sis,  Pr.  Wabashensis,  Spr.  Kentuckcnsis,  Bryozoa,  Athyris  subtilita, 
Crinoid  stems,  Pr.  Prattenianus,  Spr.  cameratus.  No.  7  of  Gen. 
Sec. 

4 — 2  inches  dark-brown  clay.     No.  8  of  Gen.  Sec. 

5 — 3  inches  dark  ochre  and  coal  intercalated  =  9  of  Gen.  Sec. 

6 — 2  feet  ochrey,  sandy  shales  =  10  of  Gen.  Sec. 

7 — 17  feet  variegated  ochrey  and  blue  sandy  shales. 

A  quarter  of  a  mile  above  Hall's  Bridge,  on  the  Nishnebotna,  I  ob- 
served ten  inches  of  heavy,  hard,  blue,  pyritiferous  limestone ;  the 
pyrite  oxidizes  near  the  exposed  surface,  and  forms  on  the  outside  a 
thick,  brown,  ferruginous  crust.  At  Rundell's  Mill  it  occurs  as  the 
highest  rock,  and  contains  Syntrilasma  hemiplicata,  Fusulina, 
Bryozoa,  Chonetes,  Spr.  cameratus,  etc. 

The  following  section,  taken  a  quarter  of  a  mile  above  Hall's 
Bridge,  exhibits — 

No.  i— Bluff. 

2 — i  foot  hard,  silico-ferruginous  limestone ;  fracture  shows  a 
dull  lead-blue  color  ;  weathers  brownish. 

3 — 3  feet  greenish-drab,  fine-grained  sandstone  ;  slightly  mica- 
ceous ;  irregularly  bedded. 

4 — i  foot  very  coarse-grained  and  tough,  brown  and  green  silico- 
micaceous  limestone ;  has  numerous  particles  of  silver ;  mica  dis- 
seminated. 

5 — 4  feet  soft,  brown  and  buff  sandstone. 

6 — 1 6  feet,  the  upper  half  sandy  shales,  the  lower,  argillaceous 
shales. 

7 — 2  feet  shales,  with  nodules  of  brown  and  ferruginous  limestone 


382  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-  WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

(No.  7  of  Gen.  Sec.)  ;  contains  Syntrilasma  hemiplicata,  Chonetes, 
Prod.  Calhounianus,  Ch.  Flemingii,  Macrocheilus,  Productus  equal 
to  the  medium  size  Prod,  of  No.  3,  Sec.  98. 

The  following  section  was  taken  on  Nishnebotna  bluff,  one  mile 
above  Pollack's : — 

Section  5. 

No.  i— Bluff. 

2 — 10  feet,  upper  part  red  shales. 

3 — 20  feet  sandy  shales  and  shaly  sandstone. 

4 — 20  feet  mostly  soft,  coarse,  micaceous  sandstone  ;  color,  gray, 
brown  and  greenish  gray. 

5 — 10  feet  slope  to  water  in  river. 

One  mile  further  down  the  bluffs  we  see — 

Section  6. 

No.  i— Bluff. 

2 — Limestone. 

3 — 4  feet  drab,  sandy  shales. 

4 — 3  feet  blue,  argillaceous  shales. 

5 — 10  feet  red  shales,  with  some  sandy  concretions. 

6 — 8  feet  45°  slope  ;  sandy  shales  appear  to  Missouri  bottoms. 

The  rocks  seen  at  Barlow's  Mill,  on  Rock  Creek,  occupy  a  posi- 
tion near  the  middle  of  the  Gen.  Sec. ,  and  appear  thus  :— 

No.  i — Bluff  formation. 

2 — 3  feet  ashy-blue  limestone  ;  weathers  drab  ;  part  is  quite  crys- 
talline, and  contains  CJi.  Flemingii. 

3 — 6  feet  lead-blue,  argillaceous  shales. 

4 — i  foot  fine-grained,  compact,  ashy-blue,  pyritiferous  limestone, 
said  to  make  good  lime. 

5 — 4  feet  blue,  argillaceous  shales. 

6 — Fossils  at  top  of  No.  7,  including  many  Crinoidstems,  RJwm- 
bopora  lepidodendroides,  Bellerophon,  Ch.  Smithii,  also  iron  pyrites. 

7 — 2  feet  ash  or  ashy-blue,  pyritiferous  limestone  ;  brown  crust  on 
outside  ;  contains  Pr.  semireticulatus,  var.  Pr.  Calhounianus  (Sw.), 
Spr.  cameratus,  Pr.  Prattenianus. 

AT  ROCKPORT,  one  and  a  half  miles  south,  observed  the  follow- 
ing section,  which  may  be  a  continuation  of  the  last : — 

Section  10. 

No.  1—76  feet  bluff. 

2 — 2  feet  altered  drift. 


ATCHISON  COUNTY.  383 

No.  3 — 12  feet  dark  drab  or  olive  clay  shales. 

4 — 3  feet  slope. 

5 — 3  feet  limestone  ;  upper  part  gray,  and  below  yellowish 
gray  and  shaly  ;  weathers  buff  and  brown  ;  contains  Aviculopecten, 
Myalina  subquadrata,  Bryozoa,  Euomphalus  rugosus,  Ch.  Flem- 
ingii,  Pr.  semireticulatus,  var.  Calkounianus  (Sw.),  Pr.  Pratteni- 
anus,  Nautilus  nodoso-dorsatus. 

This  resembles  Sec.  9,  No.  10,  very  much. 

6 — 15  inches  blue  and  olive  shales,  mostly  banded  olive  and  yel- 
low ochrey,  seldom  changing  to  blue  ;  deep,  dark  band  in  lower 
part. 

7 — 2  feet  green,  unlaminated  clay. 

8 — 2  feet  green  and  red  shales. 

Two  miles  further  down  Rock  Creek,  at  King's  Mill,  we  have 
Sec.  9  =  Sec.  75  of  1872  : — 

No.  I — 30  feet  slope. 

2 — 2  feet  ferruginous  limestone,  abounding  in  Fusulina.    No.  14. 

3  &  4 — 28  feet  olive  and  drab,  argillaceous  shales,  in  thick  lami- 
nae ;  some  variegated  and  banded,  and  contain  ochrey  concretions. 

5 — i  foot  ash-blue  limestone,  at  top  shaly,  with  a  red  tinge  ;  con- 
tains Bcllerophon,  Crinoid  stems,  Euomphalus  rugosus,  Ch.  Flem- 
ingii,  etc.  No.  16. 

6 — 2  feet  6  inches  hard  sandstone,  greenish  at  top,  brown  and 
nodular  below. 

7 — 3  feet  soft,  brown  sandstone,  and  sandy,  ferruginous  nodules. 

8 — 10  inches  tough,  blue  sandstone  ;  weathers  brown  ;  contains 
large  Myalina  subquadrata  and  Pinna  peracuta  ;  spring  at  base. 
No.  20  of  Gen.  Sec. 

9 — 6  feet  blue  clay  shales.     No.  21  of  Gen.  Sec. 

10 — i  foot  blue  limestone,  mottled  with  gray  specks ;  jointed 
perpendicularly ;  contains  Pr.  Calhounianus,  Pinna,  Bryozoa, 
Meekella.striato-costata  and  Syntrilasma  hemiplicata.  No.  22. 

At  RUNDELL'S  MILL,  on  the  Missouri  bluff,  I  obtained  the  fol- 
lowing section  : — 

Sec.  12  (Sec.  76,  1872). 

I — 8 1  feet  bluff;  contains  calcareous  concretions. 

2 — Outcrop  of  limestone  (=4  of  Gen.  Sec.) ;  containing  Bryozoa, 
Syntrilasma  hemiplicata,  etc. 

3 — 22  feet  sandstone  and  sandy  shales. 


X 

384  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

No.  3^ — i  foot  6  inches  dull  and  dark-looking,  shaly,  blue  lime- 
stone. 

4 — i  foot  6  inches  red  and  green  shales. 

5 — 4  feet  drab  limestone,  nodular  at  top  ;  abounds  in  Fusulina= 
No.  14  of  Gen.  Sec. 

6 — 28  feet  blue  and  drab,  argillaceous  shales  (=15  of  Gen.  Sec.). 

7 — 2  feet  limestone  ;  coarse-grained,  shaly  at  top,  fine-grained, 
bluish-drab  below. 

8 — 10  inches  blue,  fossiliferous  shale  ;  contains  Aviculopecten  car- 
bonarius,  Pr,  Pratteniamis,  etc. 

9 — 15  inches  brown,  calcareous  sandstone  (—19  of  Gen.  Sec.). 

10 — Soft  buff  and  blue  sandstone. 

Limestone  equivalent  to  Sec.  9,  No.  2,  and  Sec.  12,  No.  5,  crops  out 
on  Tarkie  Hills,  in  south  part  of  T.  64,  and  equals  15  of  Gen.  Sec 

At  Vaugundy's  Mill,  on  Tarkie,  I  observed  the  Fusulina  lime- 
stone associated  thus  : — 

Sec.  17  (not  seen  in  1872) : 

No.  2 — 5  feet,  showing  an  outcrop  of  limestone  containing  Fu- 
sulina. 

3 — 53  feet  slope  ;  soft  shales  at  bottom. 

4 — 10  inches  dull-blue  and  gray,  mottled,  coarse,  friable  lime- 
stone. 

5 — i  foot  6  inches  shales  and  brown,  decomposing  limestone ; 
ferruginous. 

6 — 6  inches  ferruginous  limestone. 

7 — 2  inches  brown  shales. 

8 — 5  feet  blue,  argillaceous  shales. 

9  —2  feet  coarse,  drab  limestone  ;  contains  Chonetes. 

10 — 5  feet  to  water  in  creek. 

One  half  a  mile  south  of  last  section  the  following,  Sec.  78  (of 
1872),  appears  on  Tarkie,  below  Milton  (Vaugundy's  Mill)  : — 

No.  i — Slope,  bluff,  and  drift ;  a  good  deal  of  coarse  sand  and 
many  small,  rounded  pebbles  of  various  kinds  ;  some  large  bowl- 
ders of  Fusulina  limestone. 

2 — 21  inches  ash-blue  limestone  ;  weathers  brown  (No.  24)  ;  con- 
tains Pr.  semireticulatus,  var.  Productus  Calhounianus (Svf.),Crinoid 
stems,  Archcsocidaris  aculeatus,  Chonetes  Smithii  ?  and  a  small 
branching  coral. 

3 — 3  feet  olive  clay  shales,  hard  and  fine  grained. 


ATCHISON  COUNTY.  385 

No.  4 — lO-inch  band  of  yellow,  soft,  and  decomposing  limestone  ; 
very  ochrey  ;  shades  a  bright  gamboge  color. 

5 — I  foot  6  inches  buff,  olive  shales,  color  bright  yellow,  ochrey. 

6 — 4  inches  red  shales.     No.  26. 

7 — 28  feet  shales,  greenish  and  drab,  with  nodules  of  ironstone. 
Equal  to  No.  27. 

8 — i  foot  shaly,  calcareous  sandstone  ;  contains  Spr.  (Martinia) 
planoconvexus  and  Crinoid  stems.  The  last  equals  No.  28  of  Gen. 
Sec. 

Economical  Geology. — Most  of  the  limestones  are  too  pyritife- 
rous  to  be  very  valuable  for  building  purposes.  The  beds  at  Bar- 
low's Mill  abound  in  beautiful  small  crystals  of  iron  pyrites.  The 
rocks  when  exposed  often  lose  their  sulphur,  and  form  on  the  out 
side  a  thick,  brown,  ochreous  crust ;  indeed,  some  that  are  thin-bed- 
ded become  ochreous  throughout,  and  readily  disintegrate.  On 
this  account  few  of  them  are  sufficiently  durable  to  make  a  good 
material  for  building.  No.  II  is  probably  the  best  that  is  used  for 
building.  It  is  quarried  on  Rock  Creek,  on  the  Missouri  bluffs  below, 
and  on  Big  Tarkie.  Some  of  the  beds  of  sandstone  along  the  Mis- 
souri bluffs,  for  five  or  six  miles  north  of  Rockport  road,  are  useful 
for  common  buildings ;  they  are  often  hard,  but  tolerably  easy  to 
quarry.  No.  17  crops  out  in  Tarkie  bluffs,  and  affords  a  useful 
material  for  neighboring  buildings. 

Iron- Ore. — The  beds  of  argillaceous  shale  contain  concretions 
and  thin  beds  of  carbonate  of  iron,  but  in  too  small  a  quantity  to  be 
useful. 

Coal. — In  Sec.  19,  T.  64,  R.  41,  some  labor  has  been  spent 
for  coal,  but  the  result  was  fruitless.  A  two-inch  seam  was  dis- 
covered, and  a  drift  pushed  in  more  than  thirty  feet ;  but  the  seam 
not  thickening,  it  was  abandoned.  The  following  is  a  section  of  rocks 
at  that  place  : — 

Sec.  7. 

No.  I — i oo  feet  bluff  formation. 

2 — 21  feet  sandstone  and  sandy  shales. 

3 — 4  feet  calcareo-argillaceous  shales  =  7  of  Gen.  Sec.  ;  contains 
many  fossils  :  Syntrilasma  hemiplicata,  Chonetes  Flemingii,  Spr. 
(Martinia)  planoconvexus,  Pr.  concinnus,  Pr.  Wabashcnsis,  Pro- 
ductus  (a  small  var.),  Crinoid  stems,  a  Trilobite  =  Phillipsia. 

4 — I  foot  4  inches  blue,  concretionary  limestone,  traversed  by 
25 


3 86  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

calc-spar  veins;  contains  Syntrilasma  hemiplicata,  Euomphalns 
rugosus. 

5 — 2  inches  sandy  shales. 

6 — 2  inches  impure  coal  and  shales. 

7 — 3  inches  soft,  brown  sandstone. 

8 — 12  feet  to  water  in  Nishnebotna  river. 

In  north-east  part  of  the  county,  on  Manly  Branch,  a  Fork  of  Mill 
Creek,  P.  C.  Swallow  made  the  following  section  :— 

No.  I — Prairie  slope. 

2 — i  foot  blue,  shaly  limestone. 

3 — 2  feet  blue,  argillaceous  shales. 

4 — 8  inches  bituminous  coal,  soft  and  impure. 

5 — i  foot  bituminous  shale. 

This  is  probably  the  equivalent  of  the  Nodaway  County  coal-bed, 
and  of  No.  2 15  of  the  Missouri  River  Section.  It  is  not  probable 
that  any  profitable  bed  of  coal  will  ever  be  found  in  this  county. 

The  coal-measure  rocks  of  this  county  occupy  a  high  geological 
position.  The  lowest  beds  are  higher  than  the  Nodaway  County 
coal,  and  about  1,100  feet  above  the  base  of  the  upper  coal  series, 
and  1,400  feet  above  any  workable  seam  of  coal.  Coal-mining 
would  therefore  be  very  expensive  in  this  county,  and  its  citizens 
will  have  to  look  abroad  for  their  supply. 

Red  Paint. — No.  26  will  probably  afford  a  tolerably  good  ma- 
terial for  dark-red  paint.  It  is  found  at  Rockport,  and  may  be 
found  at  other  localities. 

Soil. — The  soil  of  this  county  is  good,  and  most  of  it  capable  of 
producing,  with  ease,  ten  to  twelve  barrels  of  corn  per  acre.  The 
bluff-land  is  generally  too  hilly  to  be  cultivated  ;  but  the  slope  from 
the  bluffs  to  the  bottoms  is  very  rich,  owing  much  of  its  fertility  to 
the  marly  "bluff"  clays. which  have  been  washed  from  above. 
This  land  is  very  good  for  wheat.  Mr.  McDonald,  living  in  the  south 
part  of  T.  66,  says  that  in  1860  he  raised  28  bushels,  but  the  usual 
average  is  18  bushels.  Fall  wheat  is  apt  to  freeze  out  during  the 
winter,  but  under  the  shelter  of  the  bluffs  it  succeeds  nearly  every 
year. 

In  the  valleys,  between  the  "bluff"  hills,  are  often  thickets  of 
plum-bushes,  which  are  said  to  produce  quantities  of  delicious  fruit. 
The  grape  flourishes  here,  and  also  on  the  adjacent  hills  and 
bottoms  ;  a  wild  variety,  called  Sioux  grape,  is  much  esteemed. 


ATCHISON  COUNTY.  387 

Away  from  the  Missouri  hills  the  country  is  not  so  good  for 
fall  wheat,  but  spring  wheat  sometimes  succeeds  well. 

Pumpkins  and  squashes  are  produced  in  large  quantities  in  this 
county  ;  most  other  kinds  of  vegetables  are  easily  raised. 

The  Missouri  bottoms  are  generally  high,  especially  near  the 
north  part  of  the  county,  and  are  not  often  subject  to  overflow. 
The  soil  is  generally  sandy,  and  will  produce  from  ten  to  fifteen 
barrels  of  corn  per  acre. 


CHAPTER    XV. 

NODAWAY   COUNTY. 
BY   G.    C.    BROADHEAD. 

THE  area  of  this  county  is  about  791  square  miles.  The  course 
of  the  principal  streams  is  about  north  and  south,  and  the  trend 
of  the  main  ridges  about  the  same  direction. 

On  Platte  River,  from  the  middle  of  T.  64,  southward,  the  bot- 
toms are  from  a  half-mile  to  a  mile  in  width  ;  the  hills  are  low  and 
the  slopes  gentle.  Further  north  the  bottoms  are  very  narrow,  and 
gently  rise  into  a  second  bottom  or  higher  table-land,  the  latter 
gently  ascending  to  the  higher  hills.  Occasionally  the  table-land 
approaches  the  stream,  where  it  is  elevated  from  30  to  50  feet  above 
the  water. 

On  the  One  Hundred  and  Two  River,  from  the  southern  county 
boundary  to  the  middle  of  T.  62,  the  bottoms  are  wide  and  the  slopes 
gentle  ;  from  thence  to  Howard's  Mill  the  bluffs  approach  very  near 
the  stream,  and  are  often  90  feet  high,  and  steep,  and  the  country 
rather  hilly.  This  character  of  country  indicates  the  close  proxim- 
ity of  limestone  to  the  surface,  which  is  indeed  generally  the  case. 

Further  north,  along  this  stream,  the  slopes  are  more  gentle  and 
the  bottoms  are  wider.  On  the  White  Cloud,  as  far  north  as  the  middle 
of  T.  63,  the  bottoms  are  narrow  and  the  country  somewhat  hilly, 
but  northwardly  the  slopes  are  more  gentle.  On  the  Nodaway  River 
the  bottoms  are  wide,  and  in  the  south  part  of  the  county  the 
adjacent  hills  are  quite  low ;  north  of  Quitman  the  wide  bottoms 
are  generally  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  and  are  from  a  half-mile 
to  a  mile  in  width,  and  adjacent  slopes  are  very  gentle.  On  the  west 
side  of  Nodaway  River,  in  T.  .66,  the  hills  are  high  and  rounded, 
and  the  country  rolling  to  the  west.  The  banks  of  small  streams 
and  ravines  in  T.  65  and  T.  66  are  steep,  and  the  crossing  difficult. 

East  of  the  Platte  River  the  country  is  rolling  and  the  slopes 


NOD  A  WA  Y  CO  UNTY.  3  89 

are  gentle,  which  is  also  the  case  between  the  Platte  and  the  One 
Hundred  and  Two  Rivers.  Further  westward  the  country  is  high 
and  rolling,  with  gentle  slopes.  On  the  Florida  and  Sand  Creeks 
the  hills  are  sometimes  rather  steep,  but  the  slopes  are  more  often 
gentle.  In  the  northern  part  of  the  county,  between  Rivers  One 
Hundred  and  Two  and  Nodaway,  the  country  is  rolling  and  undu- 
lating. Maryville  is  located  on  top  of  the  divide,  west  of  One  Hun- 
dred and  Two  River,  and  at  an  elevation  of  about  200  feet  above  the 
river  bottoms.  This  may  be  said  to  be  about  the  general  elevation 
of  the  higher  ridges  above  the  bottom-lands  of  the  main  streams. 

Timber  and  Prairie. — The  prairie-land  predominates  in  this 
county,  the  timber  being  mostly  confined  to  the  immediate  vicinity 
of  the  larger  streams.  On  the  Platte  River  bottoms,  south  of  the 
middle  of  T.  64,  there  are  good  bodies  of  timber,  but  northwardly 
we  find  only  a  fringe  of  willows,  elms,  box-elder,  cottonwood,  and 
Cornus  growing  immediately  on  the  river-bank.  On  the  adjacent 
hills  are  occasional  thickets  of  hazel,  chinquepin  oak,  and  small 
burr  oak.  Similar  remarks  will  apply  to  the  other  streams.  On 
Nodaway  is  a  fine  grove,  ranging  in  width  from  a  half-mile  to  a 
mile,  and  reaching  from  the  vicinity  of  Graham  to  the  northern  part 
of  T.  63.  We  often  find  the  Nodaway  bottoms  heavily  timbered,  but 
north  of  T.  64  timber  is  not  so  abundant.  The  bottoms  more  often, 
as  well  as  the  country  between  the  streams,  consist  of  prairie.  On 
the  bottoms  of  Mill  Creek  there  are  fine  groves  of  black  walnut 
timber. 

Springs  and  Streams. — This  county  is  well  watered  ;  the  Platte, 
the  One  Hundred  and  Two  and  the  Nodaway,  three  quite  large 
streams,  traverse  the  county  from  north  to  south  ;  their  tributaries 
become  dry,  in  places,  during  some  seasons.  On  the  Nodaway  River 
there  are  three  mills,  which  generally  are  supplied  with  sufficient 
water  to  keep  at  work  during  the  whole  season. 

Good  springs  occur  at  the  following  localities,  viz.  :  in  Sections 
22  and  27,  T.  63,  R.  37,  we  find  many  springs  issuing  from  the 
Nodaway  bluffs  ;  at  Guilford,  in  Sec.  15,  T.  62,  R.  34  ;  at  Prather's, 
in  Sec.  29,  T.  63,  R.  35  ;  at  Martins's,  in  north-east  Sec.  26,  T.  64, 
R.  37  ;  at  Shaller's,  in  Sec.  18,  T.  66,  R.  37. 

Geology. — The  formations  in  this  county  consist  of  the  quater- 
nary deposits  and  coal-measures. 

Quaternary. — The  alluvial  deposits  are  quite  extensive  along  the 


390  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

Fig.  113. 


SECTION     FROM    NEAR    G.RAHAMSTOTHE   NORTH     COUNTY   LINE. ALONG. 
•NOOAWAY      RIVER. 


Fig.   114. 


SE.C.8*  SIC. 83.  SEC. 88, 

w»  •  i  a  1 1  O.M  «• 

3   E-   FROM     QUIT  MAM      VIA    BRIO  &  £  WAT  E  R     TO     P  L  A  TT  G     RIVER     .   J    M  I  L  ES 
N.W.   QF     &  U  I   L  FO  R   O 

streams,  and  do  not  materially  differ  from  similar  formations  in 
other  counties  of  this  part  of  Missouri. 

The  "bluff"  formation  overlies  the  surface  of  the  hills,  but  is 
probably  not  so  thick  as  in  Atchison  County. 

Drift. — The  "bowlder"  formation  is  not  so  generally  diffused,  nor 
are  there  such  deep  deposits  found  as  in  some  counties  further  east, 
nor  are  the  bowlders  large.  At  Lanning's  Mill,  in  the  northern  part 
of  T.  65,  R.  33,  are  found  rounded  bowlders  of  granite,  quartzite  and 
limestone.  A  few  pebbles  are  found  near  Graham,  in  the  south- 
western portion  of  the  county.  In  T.  66,  on  points  of  the  hills  west 
of  Nodaway  River,  the  soil  is  sandy,  and  many  rounded  pebbles  are 
found  strewn  around,  mostly  consisting  of  granite,  quartzite,  etc. 

Upper  Carboniferous  or  Coal-measures. — The  rock-strata  seen 
in  this  county  embrace  a  vertical  thickness  of  about  230  feet  of  the 
upper  members  of  the  Upper  Coal-measures,  and  are  included  be- 


NOD  A  WA  Y  CO  UNTY.  39 1 

tvveen  Nos.  224  and  174  of  the  General  Section  of  the  Upper  Coal- 
measures. 

Although  some  parts  of  the  county  are  well  supplied  with  rock, 
in  others  no  outcrops  appear.  On  the  Nodaway  River  and  its  tributa- 
ries it  is  occasionally  found  as  far  up  as  Quitman.  From  this  place 
to  City  Bluffs  no  outcrops  appear  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  river, 
and  it  is  over  six  miles  further  to  the  next  outcrop.  Passing  east  of  the 
Nodaway  River  through  Townships  65  and  66,  no  outcrops  are  seen 
until  we  reach  Honey  Creek  and  the  Platte  River,  in  the  eastern  part 
of  the  county.  Limestone  is  occasionally  found  in  the  Platte  River 
bluffs,  from  Sec.  13,  T.  64,  R.  34,  to  Sec.  16,  T.  65,  R.  33  ;  with  this 
exception  we  find  no  other  exposures  in  T.  64  east  of  the  Nodaway 
River  water-shed.  On  the  Platte  River  and  Long  Branch,  in  T.  62  and 
63,  there  are  very  few  rock  exposures.  In  the  same  townships,  on 
the  White  Cloud  and  the  One  Hundred  and  Two  Rivers,  rock, 
including  both  sandstone  and  limestone,  is  more  abundant. 

The  rocks  along  the  Nodaway  River  and  its  tributaries  occupy  the 
highest  geological  position  of  any  seen  in  the  county  :  the  highest 
in  the  series  are  the  shales,  with  included  iron  carbonate  concretions 
exposed  at  City  Bluffs,  referred  to  Nos.  224  to  221  inclusive. 

The  formations  seen  on  the  Platte  River  may  include  the  lowest 
rocks  exposed  in  this  county.  At  Lanning's  Mill,  on  the  north  line  of 
Sec.  i,  T.  65,  R.  34,  there  is  a  low  bluff  of  gray,  blue  and  drab 
limestone,  referable  to  No.  186  of  the  Gen.  Section  of  Upper  Coal- 
measures.  Its  contained  fossils  include  Myalina  subquadrata, 
Atkyris  snbtilita  and  Sp.  cameratus. 

On  the  Platte  River,  in  the  south-west  corner  of  Sec.  16,  T.  65,  R. 
33,  there  is  exposed  9  feet  of  irregularly-bedded  buff  limestone,  con- 
taining some  blue  chert,  the  lower  beds  somewhat  brownish.  This 
also  is  probably  equivalent  to  No.  1 86.  Beds  of  limestone  and  sand- 
stone are  exposed  on  Honey  Creek,  near  and  at  Mrs.  Martin's,  in 
Sec.  25,  T.  64,  R.  34,  whose  geological  position  is  probably  between 
Nos.  1 79  and  186.  A  quarter  of  a  mile  below  Mrs.  Martin's,  several 
feet  of  sandstone  is  exposed,  in  layers  of  5  to  7  inches,  and  is  said 
to  be  a  good  rock  for  grindstones. 

Above  the  Platte  River  bridge,  probably  a  little  north  of  the 
township  line  between  T.  62  and  63,  we  have — 

Sec.  92. 

No.  i — 12  feet  slope  of  river  terrace  ;  outcrop  of  shelly  limeston-. 


392  GEOLOG Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

at  the  lower  part,  containing  ScJiizodus  ?  Fusulina,  and  a  cast  of 
BclleropJion, 

2 — 6  inches  flagstone  ;  even  layer  of  strong  and  tough  limestone, 
containing  Better ophon  carbonarius. 

3 — 4  inches  like  the  last,  but  containing  a  small  plant. 

4 — 5  feet  of  shelly,  gray  limestone,   containing  remains  of  Bel- 

Icrophon  -  — ,   cast  of  Bell,    crassus,   remains    of  Nautilus  , 

Naticopsis  Altoncnsis,  AtJiyris  sub  t  Hit  a,  Prod.  Nebrasccnsis.  The 
remains  of  the  fossils  seem  generally  to  be  replaced  by  calcite, 
crystallized.  I  also  observed  Myalina  and  Aviculopcctcn,  and 
Fusulina  cylindrica  was  very  abundant.  West  of  this,  on  Long 
Branch,  I  observed  an  outcrop  of  limestone  in  two  layers,  the 
upper  6  inches,  the  lower  5  inches,  separated  by  6  inches  of  olive 
shales.  The  principal  observed  fossils  were  Spirifcr  earner  at  us  ^ 
Sp.  lineatuSy  a  small  Productus,  Prod.  Rogersi,  Athyris  subtilita, 

Chonctcs ,  Pinna  per acuta,  Murchisonia ,  Naticopsis  —   — . 

A  spring  issues  from  the  base  of  this  rock.  I  refer  these  beds  to 
No.  1 86  of  Gen.  Sec. 

On  east  side  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Two  River,  and  about  4  miles 
south  of  Bridgewater,  I  observed  a  coarse,  hard,  and  tough,  brown, 
ferruginous  and  somewhat  oolitic  limestone,  containing  but  few 
fossils,  but  among  them  I  observed  Meekella  and  Myalina  Swallovi. 
This  limestone  I  refer  to  No.  182  of  Gen.  Sec.,  and  it  is  probably 
the  equivalent  of  the  rock  used  in  the  abutments  of  the  bridge  at 
Barnard.  The  latter  was  quarried  on  west  side  of  the  Hundred  and 
Two  River,  about  two  miles  north-west.  A  mile  and  a  half  north 
we  find  beds  exposed,  belonging  to  No.  184  and  186.  No.  1 86  is  8 
feet  thick  and  burned  into  lime.  Below  it,  there  is  2  feet  of  brown 
shales,  then  3  feet  of  mostly  olive  shales,  resting  on  ash-gray  lime- 
stone. No.  184. 

The  last-named  limestone  (No.  184)  contains  minute  calcite 
specks  thoroughly  diffused,  and  would  doubtless  appear  very  well  if 
polished.  A  quarter  of  a  mile  north,  on  the  One  Hundred  and  Two 
River,  limestone  No.  186  is  seen,  n^  feet  thick,  at  20  feet  above 
the  stream. 

Less  than  a  mile  south  of  Bridgewater  we  find  exposed  the  fol- 
lowing :  — 

Sec.  89. 
I — Slope. 


NOD  A  WA  Y  CO  UNTY,  393 

2 — i  foot  8  inches  dark,  chocolate-colored  limestone,  weathering 
brown. 

3 — 10  feet  shales. 

4 — 6  feet  shaly  sandstone. 

5 — 5  feet  8  inches  thick-bedded,  soft  and  hard  sandstone,  outer 
beds  coarse  brown,  sometimes  traversed  by  minute  veins  of  calcite  ; 
some  interior  beds  are  indurated,  bluish-gray  and  calcareous. 

6 — 15  feet  slope,  covered  with  debris  from  above. 

7 — 9  feet  shelly  limestone  in  river  =  No.  186.  Fusulina  abounds 
in  the  latter. 

The  last-named  limestone  occupies  the  bed  of  the  river  at 
Howard's  Mill,  at  Bridgewater,  and  is  occasionally  seen  up  Dog 
Creek.  Sec.  87,  on  Dog  Creek,  a  half-mile  up-stream,  is  as  fol- 
lows : — 

No.    i — Slope. 

No.  2 — Loose  fossils,  overlying  No.  3  ;  including  Rhombopora, 
Archceocidaris,  and  Crinoidece. 

No.  3 — 16  inches  blue  limestone,  weathering  brown. 

No.  4 — 7  feet  slope. 

No.  5 — 2  feet  brown  shales. 

No.  6 — 7  feet  irregularly-bedded  limestone  (186),  contains  Fusu- 
lina, Spr.  camcratus  and  Prod,  splendens. 

II — 2  inches  brown,  ochrey  shales. 

12 — 1*4  feet  of  gray  shales. 

13 — -2  feet  green,  nodular  shales. 

14 — 2  feet  4  inches  yellow  shales,  with  nodular  limestone  layers. 

15  —  i  foot  of  subodlitic,  firmly  adhering,  buff  limestone. 

16 — 3  feet  of  dull,  ash-blue  limestone  with  shaly  partings,  contain- 
ing Archceocidaris,  Spirifer  earner atus  and  Prod.  Nebrascensis. 
No.  199. 

17 — 9  inches  dark  olive  shales,  containing  Spirifer,  Crinoids,  etc. 

1 8 — i  foot  of  dark-ash  limestone,  containing  Archceocidaris,  Fis- 
tulipora  nodulifera,  Rhombopora,  Lepidodendroidcs,  Aviculopecten 
carboniferus,  ScapJiiocrinus  liemisplicricus,  Zeacrinus?  No.  197. 

Portions  of  the  above  section  occur  on  the  Nodaway  River,  one 
mile  below  the  mouth  of  Sand  Creek. 

At  Quitman  we  find  limestone  corresponding  to  No.  i  of  the 
above  section  in  the  bed  of  the  stream  ;  the  overlying  rocks  are  the 
following  (Fig.  115)  : — 


394 


GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-WESTERN  MISSOURI. 


FiS-  "5-  Sec.  84. 

SECTION  ATQUITMAN  No.  I — Slope  of  bluff  clays. 

NODAWAY  CO.  2 — 22  inches  blue  spathic  lime- 

stone, containing  Bcllerophon 
(large  sp.),  B.  Kansasensis,  re- 
mains of  a  Pleurotomaria,  and  a 
very  small  gasteropod  ^  of  an 
inch  long,  with  six  whorls. 
3 — 2^/2  feet  sandy  shales. 
4 — 2  feet  ash-blue  limestone, 
containing  Terebratula  bovidens, 
Syntrilasma  Jicmiplicata ,  Pro- 
'ductus  Prattcnianus,  Naticopsis 
Shumardi.  No.  218. 

5 — 26  inches  olive  and  drab 
shales  ;  in  the  lower  I  foot  are 
fossils,  including  Sp.  planocon- 
vexus,  Rhynchonella  Osagensis, 
Euomphalus  rugosus  and  Avicu- 
lopecten  Coxanus. 

6 — 14  inches  rotten  coal.  No. 
215- 

7 — 2^    feet  gray  and  ochrey 

sandy  clay,  with  remains  of  plants,  Stigmaria  ficoides,  etc. 
8 — 8  feet  5  inches  sandy  shales. 

9 — 4  feet  irregularly-bedded,  brownish-drab  sandstone. 
10 — 7  feet  sandy  shales. 

ii  —  i  foot  blue,  argillaceous  shales,  containing  Aviculopccten  Occi- 
dent alis.     No.  213. 
12 — 3  feet  shaly  slope. 
13 — 2  feet  dark-blue  shales. 

14 — 2  feet  blue,  compact  limestone,  containing  Aviculopimia 
Americana,  a  large  Discina,  a  Lingula,  Cordaites  and  remains  of 
other  plants,  and  a  fishtooth. 

At  City  Bluffs,  formerly  known  as  Halsey's  Ferry,  on  the  Nodaway 
River,  a  shaft  has  been  sunk  40  feet  deep,  reaching  the  coal  of  the 
Quitman  section  at  24  feet  below  water.  Opposite  the  mill-dam 
are  seen  the  highest  rocks  in  this  county.  The  section  of  them  is 
the  following : — 


NO  DA  WA  Y  CO  UN  TV. 


395 


No.  I — A  few  feet  of  a  porous,  ferruginous  limestone,  closely 
resembling  the  buff  limestone  over  the  coal  near  Ruio  and  the 
mouth  of  the  Big  Nemaha,  in  Nebraska.  No.  224. 

No.  2 — 76  feet  shales,  containing  beds  of  carbonate  of  iron  near 
the  upper  part,  a  bed  of  septaria  at  40  feet  from  bottom,  and  a 
calcareo-ferruginous  bed  just  below,  containing  Prod.  Prattenianus. 
Nos.  221,  222  and  223. 

No.  3  is  about  24  feet  to  the  coal,  including  shales  and  limestones. 

The  rocks  gradually  rise  from  this  northward,  and  at  Allen's 
coal-bank,  near  north-west  corner  of  T.  66,  R.  36,  we  find  the  coal 
corresponding  to  No.  215  of  Gen.  Sec.,  about  the  water-line  in 
the  Nodaway  River.  Less  than  a  quarter  of  a  mile  north,  the  deep- 
blue  limestone,  No.  212  of  Gen.  Sec.,  is  in  the  bed  of  the  stream, 
indicating  a  rise  in  that  distance  of  20  feet. 

At  Braddy's  Mill,  in  Iowa,  about  a  mile  and  a  half  further  north, 
we  find  green  shales  corresponding  to  No.  203  of  Gen.  Sec.,  at 
the  edge  of  water,  indicating  a  rise  of  37  feet  in  one  and  a  half  miles, 
without  reckoning  the  descent  of  the  stream  in  that  distance.  This 
rise  must  continue  some  distance,  for  the  coal  above  named  is 
mined  at  Clarinda,  12  miles  north. 

Sec.  88  was  obtained  at  Dog  Creek,  on  the  land  of 
John  Lund,  in  the  north-west  of  the  north-west  Sec. 
62,  T.  63,  R.  35,  as  follows  (Fig.  116)  : — 

No.  i — Slope. 

2 — I  foot  olive  shales.     No.  210. 

3 — 5  inches  ash-blue  limestone.  No.  209  ;  con- 
tains Hemipronites  crassus,  Productus  splendent, 
CJwnetes  Smithii,  and  Rhombopora  lepidoden- 
droides. 

4 — 23  inches  shales,  upper  half  a  dark  olive, 
and  calcareous ;  bituminous  below ;  contains  Spiri- 
fer  (Martinia)  planoc onvexus  and  Cordaites. 

5 — 10  inches  blue  limestone  ;  containing  Hemi- 
pronites. The  interior  of  the  fossils  is  crystallized 
calcite.  Corresponds  to  No.  206. 

6 — 4  feet  somewhat  sandy,  olive  and  blue  shales. 

7 — 2  feet  shales  and  nodular  limestone. 

8 — 7  inches  suboolitic,  coarse  gray  limestone. 
No.  201. 


Fig.  1 1 6. 
SECTION  88 »-'' 


-JS. 

25* 


396  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-  WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

No.  9 — 6  inches  nodular,  calcareous  shales.     No.  200. 

10 — 2^4  feet  coarse,  shaly,  ash-colored  limestone.    No.  199. 

II  — 13  inches  olive  shales. 

12 — 3  feet  of  dull,  deep  ash-blue  limestone  ;  weathers  drab  ;  con- 
tains Prod,  punctatus.  No.  197. 

13 — 7  inches  dark-blue  calcareous  shales  ;  contains  ArcJiceocida- 
ris,  Scaphiocrinus  hemisphcricus.  No.  196. 

14 — 9  inches  irregular  bed  of  bluish-gray  limestone  ;  contains  cal- 
cite  veins  and  specks,  and  zinc-blende.  Hemipronites  crassus  is  also 
contained. 

15 — 9  inches  dark,  sandy,  micaceous  shales.     No.  195. 

16 — \y±  to  2i/£  inches  bituminous  coal. 

•  17 — 5  inches  even  layers'of  regularly  laminated  black  sandstone, 
slightly  calcareous. 

1 8 — 8  inches  sandy  clay.     No.  193. 

19 — Blue  fire-clay;  3  feet  is  exposed  ;  said  to  be  6  or  7  feet  thick. 

Most  of  the  rocks  of  the  above  section  are  exposed  on  Peter 
Collins's  land,  west  of  Bridgewater.  The  thin  coal-seam  is  also 
seen,  but  I  do  not  consider  it  of  any  economic  value.  This  seam 
is  represented  by  bituminous  shales,  near  Oregon,  Holt  County. 

In  the  quarries  on  Collins's  land  No.  210  was  observed,  contain- 
ing Fusulina  cylindrica,  Crinoid  stems  and  Zeacrinus  mucrospinus. 
In  No.  212  I  observed  Cetenacanthus  (sp.),  small  Lingula,  and  Rhyn- 
clionclla  Osagensis.  In  No.  209  I  observed  Sp.  cameratus,  Clionetes 
Smithii,  Sp.  Kentuckensis ,  Prod.  Prattenianus,  Retsia  pttnctulifera, 
Crinoids,  R/wmbopora  lepidodcndroides,  sElis  Swallovi. 

West  of  this,  on  White  Cloud  Creek,  we  find  some  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  last  section,  including  the  thin  coal-seam. 

On  Elkhorn  Creek,  south-east  of  Graham,  we  find  about  10  feet 
of  limestone  No.  186  cropping  out  near  the  water.  It  is  of  a  gray- 
ish color,  the  upper  part  brown-tinged  ;  below  is  dark  shaly,  and 
reposing  on  blue  clay  shales.  On  the  Nodaway  River,  west,  are 
outcrops  of  limestone  No.  197  and  its  correlated  beds. 

FORMATIONS  ALONG  AND  NEAR  THE  NODAWAY  RIVER. 

In  Townships  62  and  63  we  find  strata  included  from  Nos.  182 
to  210.  On  Mr.  Bagby's  land,  near  the  centre  of  Sec.  I5>  T.  63, 
R.  37,  rocks  included  in  Sec.  81  are  the  following  : — 


NOD  A  WA  Y  CO  UNTY.  397 

No.  I — 2  feet  dark-olive  clay  shales. 
No.  2 — 9  inches  bituminous  shales. 

No.  3 — i  foot  of  even-bedded,  blue  limestone  ;  contains  Hemi- 
pronites  crassus  and  Productus  Nebrascensis,  Prod.  Prattenianus, 
Polypora  (sp.).  The  interior  of  the  Producti  is  replaced  by  calcite 
crystals.  No.  206. 

No.  4 — 2  feet  blue  clay  shales  ;  a  lasting  spring  of  water  issues 
from  them. 

No.  5 — 12  to  1 6  inches  of  concretionary  limestone,  with  carbona- 
ceous remains  of  plants. 

No.  6 — 4  to  5  feet  green  shales. 

No.  7 — Limestone  in  creek,  having  a  vitreous  appearance. 
Three  miles  north-west  of  this,  on  the  Nodaway  River,  at  the  Old 
Mill  site,  in  Sec.  5,  T.  63,  R.  37,  these  beds  are  well  exposed,  with 
other  correlated  strata.     A  descriptive  section  is  as  follows  : — 
Sec.  82. 

No.  i — 2  feet  deep-blue,  compact  limestone,  in  even  6  to  lo-inch 
layers,  containing  Lingula ,  Prothyris  elcgans,  Edmondia  Ne- 
brascensis, Discina ,  Aviculopinna  Americana.  (No.  212.) 

2 — 6  inches  deep  ash-blue  limestone  ;  contains  Atkyris  sub- 
tilita,  Prod.  Nebrascensis,  Prod.  Prattenianus,  Edmondia  Nebras- 
censis, Aviculopecten  ,  Macrocheilus  ,  OrtJwceras  cribro- 

sujn,  the  pygidium  of  a  Phillipsia,  Crinoidecz,  RJwmbopora  lepido- 
dcndroides,  Fistnlipora  nodulifera,  Synocladia  biserialis  and  Poly- 
pora subrnarginata.  No.  211. 

3 — 4  feet  buff  shales  and  limestone,  nodules  abounding  in  fossils, 
including  Fusulina  cylindrica,  Rkombopora,  Clicetctcs,  Bryozoa, 
Arch&ocidaris,  Crinoid  stems,  Prod,  splendens,  Terabratula  bovi- 
dens,  Retzia  punc tulifera  and  Spirifer.  No.  210. 

4 — 10  inches  blue  limestone,  full  of  remains  of  fossils,  including 
Hemipronites  crassus  and  Rhombopora.  The  Brachiopoda  are  gen- 
erally replaced  by  calcite.  No.  209. 

5 — i  foot  of  blue  calcareous  shales,  full  of  fossils,  including  Athy- 
ris  subtilita,  Prod,  splendens,  Prod.  Nebrascensis  and  OrtJiis  carbo- 
naria. 

6 — i  inch  bituminous  shales. 

7 — 9  inches  dark-blue  shales. 

8 — $  inches  black,  bituminous  shales. 

9 — 3  inches  olive  shales. 


398  GEOLOGY  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

10 — 10  inches  deep-blue  limestone ;  abounds  in  fossils,  including 
BellcropJion,  Hemipronites  and  Edmondia.  The  interior  of  fossils 
is  replaced  by  calcite.  No.  206. 

As  the  section  of  rocks  at  Braddy's  Mill  is  quite  complete  from 
Nos.  203  to  212,  I  here  give  it : — 

I — 4  inches  drab  or  dove  colored  limestone  ;  contains  a  tabulate 
or  flattened  Bryozoa  and  some  pretty  univalves.  No.  211. 

2 — 5  feet  brown  shales  with  concretionary  limestone  nodules  ; 
abounding  in  fossils,  including  Fusulina  cylindrica,  Athyris  subti- 
lita,  Prod.  Nebrascensis,  Prod,  semiretictilatus,  var.  Calhounianus ', 
Ckonetes  gramtlifera,  Spirifer  cameratus,  a  small  spiny  Prodnctus, 
(P.  pertenius)  Prod,  pnnctatus,  Polypora,  Fistulipora  nodulifera, 
Rliombopora  lepidodendroides,  and  fragments  of  Crinoidecs. 

3 — 8  inches  blue  limestone,  full  of  fossils  similar  to  those  in  No. 
2.  No.  209. 

4 — 2  inches  brown  shales. 

5 — I  foot  drab-olive,  calcareous  shales,  full  of  remains  of  fos- 
sils. 

6 — 9  inches  similar  clay  to  the  last. 
7 — 2  inches  bituminous  shales. 

8 — 13  inches  blue  limestone,  shelly  on  top,  and  abounding  in 
fossils,  including  Hemipronites  crasstts,  whose  interior  is  replaced  by 
calcite,  Prod.  Nebrascensis,  Edmondia  Nebrascensis,  Myalina  sub- 
quadrata,  Bellerophon.  No.  206. 

9 — 4  inches  chocolate-colored,  sandy,  calcareous  clay. 
10 — i  foot  blue,  sandy  clay. 
ii — i  foot  green,  nodular  shales,  brown  on  top. 
12 — 2  feet  green  shales  in  water.     No.  203. 

We  perceive  that  the  upper  beds  of  this  section  correspond  to 
the  upper  beds  of  section  at  Milton,  Nodaway  River,  20  miles 
south,  and  also  correspond  to  the  base  of  section  at  Quitman. 

Nodaway  Coal. — The  only  coal  within  working  distance  from 
the  surface  is  that  corresponding  to  No.  215  of  the  Gen.  Sec.  It  is 
found  on  Nodaway  River,  at  Allen's,  within  2  miles  of  the  Iowa 
line,  on  Mill  Creek,  and  southward  to  Quitman,  near  Quitman,  on 
Sand  Creek,  Florida  Creek,  and  Elkhorn.  In  thickness  it  varies 
from  9  to  1 6  inches,  and  is  of  rather  inferior  quality,  containing  a 
large  per  cent,  of  ash. 

In   1872  the  coal   at   Allen's  was  hidden  by  fallen  debris  and 


NOD  A  WA  Y  CO  UNTY. 


399 


drifted  material  from  the  stream.    Our  section,  taken  in  1860,  shows 
the  following  : — 

No.  i — Slope  from  hill  above. 

2 — 12  feet  shales  ;  drab,  with  buff  and  brown  tinge  ;  contains  con- 
cretions of  ironstone. 

3 — S1A  feet  slope,  including  a  local  drift  of  debris  from  above. 

4 — 4-l/2  feet  dull,  lead-colored  limestone,  possessing  a  rough  frac- 
ture ;  in  two  beds,  the  upper  containing  a  thin  spathic  seam,  with 
crystalline  fibres  perpendicular  to  stratum  ;  the  lower,  weathering 
brown,  is  pyritiferous,  and  does  not  make  good  lime  ;  contains 

Entolium  aviculatum  and  Eumicrotis  ?  Chonetes ,  and  Atliyris. 

No.  218. 

5 — 1%  feet  blue  and  bituminous  shales,  containing  black  septaria, 
enclosing  Belleroplion  carbonarius,  etc. 

6 — 20  inches  alternations  of  blue  shales,  with  coal,  as  fol- 
lows : — 

No.  i — 5^  inches  good  coal,  a  little  shaly  about  the  middle. 

2 — 4  inches  dark,  lead-blue  clay  shales. 

3—2  inches  good  coal. 

4 — 3  inches  blue  shales. 

5 — 6  inches  good  coal,  with  one  inch  clay  near  the  middle. 

6 — Fire-clay. 

Brick  of  good  quality  is  made  from  the  overlying  shales,  Nos.  2 
and  3  of  the  section.  The 'lower  layers  are  the  best.  The  clay  is 
dug  out,  allowed  to  slake,  and  mixed,  one-third  of  it,  with  sand 
and  clay. 

The  coal  reached  in  the  shaft  at  City  Bluffs  was  reported  to  be 
16  inches  thick. 

On  Samuel  Bowman's  land,  in  Sec.  31,  T.  65,  R.  37,  the  coal  is 
14  to  1 8  inches  thick,  cropping  out  in  the  branch. 

The  coal-mine  of  James  C.  Smith  is  located  on  the  north-west  of 
the  south-west  quarter,  Sec.  9,  T.  64,  R.  37,  a  half-mile  south  of 
Quitman.  It  is  reached  by  a  horizontal  entry  into  the  hill.  We 
find  here  exposed — 

No.  I — 2  feet  spathic  limestone.     No.  220. 

2 — 2  feet  shales.     No.  219.  * 

3 — I  foot  shales  with  thin  limestone  strata. 

4 — 1 6  inches  limestone.     No.  218. 

5 — 2  feet  clay  shales,  bituminous  at  lower  part. 


400  GEOLOGY  OF  NORTH-  WESTERN  MISSOURI. 

No.  6 — 12  inches  coal,  sometimes  thickening  to  16  inches. 
7 — 2  feet  clay  shales. 

Spirifer  planoconvexus  occurs  in  the  overlying  blue  shales.  The 
coal  is  bright,  black,  and  tolerably  hard,  the  top  and  middle  harder 
than  the  bottom.  It  is  jointed  with  intervening  calcite-plates,  and 
contains  some  iron  pyrites.  An  analysis  by  Mr.  Regis  Chauvenet, 
chemist  for  the  survey,  gives — 

Water 3.53 

Volatile  matter 42.72 

Fixed  Carbon 40. 7 1 

Ash 13.04 

Color  of  ash a  very  light  brown 

The  section  at  Burdick's  coal-bank,  one  mile  below  the  mouth  of 
Lund  County,  as  observed  by  Mr.  C.  J.  Norwood,  is  as  follows  :  — 

Sec.  86. 

No.  i — 20  feet  slope. 

No.  2 — 2  feet  clay  shales. 

No.  3 — 16  inches  ash-gray  limestone,  shelly  on  top  ;  contains 
some  fossils,  Nucula  Beyrickii,  a  Goniatite,  Murchisonia  -  — ,  etc. 

No.  4 — 2 y2  feet  dark-blue  clay  shales. 

No.  5  — 16  inches  hard,  ash-blue  limestone,  containing  Entolium 
aviciilatum,  Edmondia  Nebrascensis  ?  Athyris  subtilita,  Spirifer 
planoconvexus,  Prod,  splendens,  Bellcroplion  Kansasensis ,  Crinoid 
stems,  Hemipronites  crassus,  Aviculopectcn  occidentalis,  Pinna 

peracuta,  Edmondia  reflexa,  Lingula ,  Prod.  Prattcnianns, 

Nautilus ,  Polypora  submarginata.  (No.  218.) 

No.  6 — 3  feet  4  inches  shales. 

No.  7 — ii  inches  coal.     No.  215. 

On  Sand  Creek,  one  mile  east  of  its  mouth,  Mr.  C.  J.  Norwood 
observed — 

No.  i — Slope. 

2 — 14  inches  ash-gray  limestone,  somewhat  splintery,  abounding 
in  fossils,  many  similar  to  some  of  those  found  at  Burdick's,  and 
also  containing  Naticopsis  Altonensis,  Spirifer  cameratus,  Syntri- 
lasma  hemiplicata,  and  Euomphalus  rugosus. 

3 — 4  inches  yellow  arid  gray  argillaceous  shales. 

4 — i  foot  slaty  shale. 


NOD  A  WA  Y  CO  UN  TV.  40 1 

No.  5 — I  foot  soft,  black  shale. 

6 — 3  inches  bituminous  shales. 

7 — i  foot  hard,  black  shales. 

8 — Coal,  said  to  be  i  foot  thick. 

On  Wm.  Smith's  land,  in  the  north-west  quarter  of  Sec.  3,  T.  63, 
R.  37,  the  coal  is  about  6  inches  in  thickness,  and  is  separated  by  4 
feet  of  shales  from  the  limestone  above. 

At  Ch.  P.  Martin's,  in  the  north-east  quarter  of  the  north-east 
quarter  of  Sec.  26,  T.  64,  R.  37  :— 

Sec.  83. 

No.  i — 16  feet  bluff  and  drift;  the  lower  2  feet  pebbles  and  sand 
of  the  drift. 

2 — 2  feet  olive  shales.     No.  219  of  Gen.  Sec. 

3 — 17  inches  ash-blue  limestone;  weathers  brown. 

4 — 4  feet  8  inches  shales,  subdivided  as  follows  : — 

No.  I — 16  inches  olive  shales,  with  white  specks; 
2 — 5  inches  bituminous  shales  ; 
3 — 9  inches  olive  clay  shales ; 
4 — 2  feet  bituminous  shales. 

5 — 10  inches  coal.     No.  215  of  Gen.  Sec. 

6 — gl/2  feet  lead-blue,  micaceous  sandstone. 

7 — 8  feet  blue,  sandy  shales. 

8 — 4  feet  blue,  clay  shales. 

9 — 4  feet  deep-blue,  compact  limestone,  in  even  flags  ;  con- 
tains Prod.  Nebrascensis,  Pinna  peracuta,  Edmondia  Nebrascensis, 
Protkyris  elegans,  Pleurophorus  ?  Prod.  Prattenianns  and  a  small 
Myalina. 

Coal  crops  out  at  several  places  in  this  neighborhood,  in  thick- 
ness varying  from  9  to  12  inches.  On  the  land  of  the  Maryville  Coal 
Company,  in  the  north-east  of  the  north-east  of  Sec.  25,  T.  64,  R. 
37,  it  is  6  inches  thick,  the  lower  part  intersected  by  a  seam  of  pyrite. 

By  comparing  tfye  above  sections  we  find  the  coal  to  be  much 
thicker  in  the  northern  part  of  the  county,  and  thinning  as  we  go 
south.  This  is  further  verified  by  observations  on  the  Missouri 
River  bluffs,  near  Forest  City,  Holt  County,  where  it  is  only  from 
2  to  4  inches  thick.  When  we  say  that  this  and  the  coal  of  Andrew 
and  Buchanan  Counties  are  the  only  seams  in  the  upper  coal  series 
of  Missouri  thick  enough  to  work  in  a  total  thickness  of  over  1,000 

feet,  we  may  well  term  the  upper  series  "  Barren  Measures."     On 
26 


402  GEOLOG Y  OF  NOR TH-  WESTERN  MISSO URL 

the  waters  of  Elkhorn  Creek,  in  the  north-west  part  of  T.  63,  R.  37,  we 
find  beds  of  limestone,  whose  position  is  over  the  coal,  indicating 
its  presence  beneath.  But  nowhere  east  of  the  main  divide,  between 
waters  of  Nodaway  River  and  those  of  One  Hundred  and  Two  River, 
are  there  any  accessible  beds  of  coal  in  this  county  worthy  of  notice. 
To  reach  good  coal,  shafts  would  have  to  be  extended  a  long  distance 
into  the  rocks  below.  From  a  careful  summation  of  measurements, 
I  find  that  from  the  Nodaway  coal  (215)  the  depth  is  about  395  feet 
to  the  i-foot  seam  of  Buchanan  and  Andrew  Counties  occurring  in  No. 
134  ;  or,  i,i6ofeetto  theHolden  coal,  also  of  i-foot  thickness,  or  1,233 
feet  to  the  Lexington  coal.  With  these  facts  before  us,  it  would  be 
expensive  work  to  sink  a  shaft  in  search  of  coal.  A  shaft  sunk  from 
the  top  of  the  limestone  in  the  river  at  Bridgewater  would  only  lessen 
the  depth  about  70  feet.  I  mention  this,  because  it  is  the  easiest 
limestone  to  recognize  in  the  central  and  eastern  portions  of  the 
county. 

Soil.  — The  land  in  this  county  is  generally  very  productive,  and 
consists  chiefly,  especially  on  the  high  prairies,  of  a  dark,  rich  loam. 
West  of  the  Nodaway  River,  in  T.  66,  the  soil  is  somewhat  sandy. 
Near  Graham,  and  southward,  it  is  very  rich  and  highly  productive. 
Corn  is  the  staple  product.  The  winters  are  often  too  severe  for  fall 
wheat.  Some  of  the  best  soils  are  said  to  produce,  in  good  seasons, 
as  much  as  80  bushels  of  corn  per  acre. 

The  prairies  and  bottom-lands  afford  fine  grazing. 

During  the  summer  season  pleasant  breezes  prevail  throughout  this 
county  and  the  region  westward,  which  tend  to  promote  health. 
The  winter  winds  are  sometimes  quite  strong. 


APPENDIX    A. 


REPORT  ON  THE  STRENGTH  OF  BUILDING  MATERIALS. 


BY    CHAS.   A.    SMITH. 


THE  value  of  a  stone  for  building  purposes  depends  upon  the  strength,  dura- 
bility and  freedom  of  working,  and  lastly  the  accessibility  of  the  quarry  from 
which  it  is  obtained. 

This  last  condition,  of  course,  can  only  be  ascertained  for  each  individual 
quarry,  and  no  further  consideration  will  be  taken  of  it  in  this  connection. 

By  freedom  of  working,  is  meant  the  ease  with  which  a  fragment  from  the 
quarry  is  prepared  for  use.  This  can  be  best  estimated  by  experience  ;  but 
small  pieces  can  be  rubbed  smooth  upon  a  grindstone  or  an  emery-wheel  for 
comparison,  the  relative  length  of  time,  of  course,  being  the  index. 

The  only  satisfactory  test  of  durability  is  found  in  the  experience  of  at  least 
twenty  years'  exposure  to  the  effects  of  the  atmosphere.  Various  chemical  pro- 
cesses resemble  more  or  less  the  action  of  frost  or  water,  but  they  are  all  defi- 
cient in  the  element  of  time.  The  opinion  of  engineers  on  this  point  seems  to 
be,  that  such  tests  are  only  valuable  as  suggestions  of  the  probable  action  of  the 
elements.  In  short,  stone  that  will  not  pass  such  tests  is  known  to  possess 
slight  durability,  while  stone  that  will  pass  may  or  may  not  be  durable. 

The  strength,  however,  may  be  accurately  determined  for  any  given  speci- 
men, and  by  experimenting  with  a  sufficient  number  of  pieces,  an  average 
value  may  be  obtained,  which  will  be  a  reliable  guide  in  practical  use. 

It  will  be  necessary  to  obtain  a  clear  idea  of  what  is  meant  by  the  strength 
of  any  material  before  we  can  attain  any  satisfactory  understanding  of  the  re- 
mainder of  this  chapter ;  and  therefore  a  very  brief  description  will  be  given  of 
the  theory  of  resistance.  To  illustrate  :  A  block  of  stone  in  the  wall  of  a  building 
sustains  pressure  from  above  due  to  the  weight  above,  and  pressure  from  below 
due  to  the  reaction  of  the  stones  beneath,  and  is  subjected  to  compression  which 
it  resists  by  the  elastic  reaction  of  its  particles  :  this  compression  is  applied  all 
over  the  upper  and  under  surfaces  of  the  block,  and  is  transmitted  from  one 
surface  to  the  other,  by  the  particles  of  the  block.  The  amount  of  force  or 


404  APPENDIX  A. 

weight  upon  a  unit  of  surface  is  called  the  stress  to  which  the  block  is  subjected. 
This  stress  may  generally  be  increased  up  to  a  limit  at  which  the  elastic  reaction 
of  the  particles  remains  perfect,  and  beyond  which  it  may  be  increased  until 
the  stone  finally  crushes. 

By  the  amount  of  stress  which  can  be  borne  without  injuring  the  elastic  reaction 
of  the  material,  is  measured  the  elastic-  or  proof-strength,  and  by  the  amount  ot 
stress  at  fracture,  what  is  called  the  breaking-  or  ultimate-strength.  These 
terms  are  used  for  any  material,  and  also  for  tension  as  well  as  compression, 
care  being  taken  to  distinguish  in  every  case. 

The  determination  of  the  ultimate-strength  of  a  piece  of  known  size  and  any 
material,  consists  in  loading  it  with  weights  and  gradually  increasing  such 
weights  until  it  gives  way.  The  number  of  units  of  weight  divided  by  the 
number  of  units  of  area  of  the  surface  acted  upon,  is  the  breaking-strength,  usu- 
ally stated  in  pounds  on  the  square  inch. 

The  determination  of  the  proof- strength  is  somewhat  more  complex,  and 
consists  in  applying  a  load  to  a  piece  of  given  size,  and  after  release  from  such 
load,  the  piece  is  again  measured  ;  if  it  has  remained  of  exactly  the  same  size, 
the  load  is  increased,  applied,  released,  and  the  piece  again  measured.  This 
will  be  repeated  until  it  is  found  by  measurement  that  the  piece  has  changed  in 
size,  and  the  proof-strength  will  be  between  the  two  last  loads.  By  making  the 
increments  of  load  small,  the  proof-strength  will  be  found  with  any  desired  de- 
gree of  accuracy. 

The  determination  of  the  elasticity  of  any  piece  requires  measurement  when 
under  stress,  and  is  usually  carried  on  with  experiments  for  the  proof-strength. 
Experiment  has  proved  conclusively  that  within  the  proof-strength  the  changes 
of  length,  in  a  piece  subjected  to  compression  or  extension,  are  directly  pro- 
portioned to  the  stresses  producing  them  ;  and  therefore  the  product  of  the 
length  times  the  stress  divided  by  the  change  of  length  will  be  a  constant  for 
any  given  material  and  compressive  stress,  and  a  similar  constant  for  tensile 
stress.  If  the  elasticity  is  the  same  in  tension  and  compression,  there  will  be 
only  one  constant  for  both  kinds  of  stress  :  this  constant  is  called  the  "  modulus 
of  elasticity  "  for  the  given  material,  and  is  sometimes  defined  as  the  stress  that 
would  compress  or  extend  a  given  piece  an  amount  equal  its  entire  length,  if 
the  elasticity  was  perfect  and  the  same  for  all  stresses. 

The  use  of  the  "  modulus  of  elasticity  "  (usually  denoted  by  "  E")  is  to  pre- 
dict the  change  of  length  any  given  piece  will  undergo  when  in  tension  or  com- 
pression of  known  stress  ;  for  E  having  been  determined  by  experiment  from  a 
sufficient  number  of  pieces,  we  shall  have  the  following  proportion  :  The  change 
of  length  is  to  the  whole  length  as  the  stress  is  to  E.  In  algebraic  language 
these  statements  are  very  concise. 

Let  E  =  modulus  of  elasticity,  e  =  change  of  length  in  inches,  P  =  stress  in 
Ibs.  per  square  inch,  r  =  length  in  inches. 

e      P    ,         Pr  Pr 

TV     p     • 

r-E'1     '   e'        '   E 
The  only  reliable  experiments  on  the  strength  of  Missouri  stones  are  part  of 


APPENDIX  A. 


405 


a  very  extensive  series  of  experiments  made  on  all  kinds  of  building  materials 
by  Capt.  James  B.  Eades,  Chief-Engineer  of  the  Illinois  &  St.  Louis  Bridge 
Company,  for  the  information  of  that  corporation.  These  experiments  were  con- 
ducted by  Col.  Henry  Flad,  Chief-Assistant-Engineer,  who  designed  for  the 
purpose  of  prosecuting  them  two  different  testing  machines.  With  the  kind 
permission  of  these  gentlemen  a  brief  description  of  these  machines  will  be 
given,  and  an  abstract  of  such  experiments  as  are  deemed  of  interest  in  this 
connection. 

The  first  or  large  apparatus  was  built  by  Messrs.  Sheckle,  Harrison  &  Co., 

Fig.   117. 


406  APPENDIX  A. 

of  St.  Louis,  and  was  a  beautiful  piece  of  machinery ;  the  power  was  exerted 
by  a  hydraulic  press  acting  on  the  specimen  at  one  end,  and  resisted  by  a  train 
of  levers  and  weights  at  the  other  end. 

Upon  a  strong  cast-iron  bed  (see  Fig.  1 17),  very  much  like  the  bed  of  a  lathe,  was 
mounted  the  cylinder  of  the  hydraulic  press.  Two  projections,  one  on  each  side, 
from  the  cylinder  rested  upon  the  bed,  and  were  wedged  between  corresponding 
projections  from  the  latter.  The  bed  was  about  13  feet  long  ;  the  cylinder  was  3 
feet  3^  inches  in  length,  and  was  usually  placed  nearer  one  end  of  the  bed  than 
the  other,  but  could  be  moved  along  the  bed  and  wedged  between  different  pro- 
jections, thereby  allowing  specimens  of  various  lengths  to  be  tested.  This 
cylinder  was  24  inches  in  external  diameter  and  8  inches  in  thickness,  and  was 
terminated  at  one  end  by  a  plane-surface  at  right-angles  to  its  axis,  and  at  the 
other  end  was  hemispherical  ;  from  the  plane-end  of  the  cylinder  projected  the 
ram,  or  plunger,  7^  inches  in  diameter,  and  from  the  rounded  end  a  rod  of 
steel  3  inches  in  diameter,  which  was  screwed  into  the  inner  end  of  the  ram, 
and  moved  with  it.  The  outer  end  of  the  ram  was  attached  to  a  strong  cross- 
head  of  cast-iron  which  moved  on  the  inner  edges  of  the  bed-frame.  The  steel 
rod  terminated  in  a  strong  clamp,  to  which  couplings  of  various  sizes  could  be 
attached.  Sliding  cross-heads  were  placed  at  each  end  of  the  bed  and  con- 
nected by  four  strong  wrought-iron  bolts  or  rods,  each  2!  inches  in  diameter. 
Thus  the  cross-head  at  one  end  was  opposite  that  attached  to  the  ram,  and  that 
at  the  other  end  was  opposite  the  steel  rod  and  couplings  above  mentioned. 

Similar  couplings  could  be  attached  to  this  last  cross-head  on  the  side  next 
the  cylinder,  and  the  other  side  was  connected  with  the  train  of  levers,  already 
mentioned,  by  strong  links. 

The  plane-end  of  the  cylinder  was  the  compression-end  ;  a  piece  was  placed 
between,  the  two  cross-heads  and  fluid  pumped  into  the  press,  forcing  one  cross- 
head  against  the  specimen,  which  of  course  was  forced  against  the  other  cross- 
head,  which  was  held  in  place  by  the  bolts  from  the  cross-head  at  the  other  end, 
the  links  and  train  of  levers,  and  finally  by  the  weight  attached.  The  hemi- 
spherical end  of  the  cylinder  was  the  tension-end.  A  piece  was  held  at  each  of 
its  ends  by  the  two  sets  of  couplings,  and  the  motion  of  the  ram  pulled  the  steel 
rod.  the  specimen  and  the  cross-head  connected  to  the  levers,  the  latter  receiv- 
ing the  pull  from  the  press,  through  the  specimen,  in  the  same  direction  as  the 
pull  of  the  four  long  bolts  in  the  case  before  mentioned.  The  force  of  the  press, 
then,  was  in  either  case  exerted  against  the  levers  in  the  same  direction. 

The  levers  were  three  in  number,  the  first  being  bent  with  one  arm  vertical, 
the  other  extending  the  whole  length  of  the  bed  and  curved  under  the  press- 
cylinder.  The  second  lever  had  its  fulcrum  at  the  compression-end  of  the  bed, 
received  pressure  from  the  first,  passed  under  the  first  and  projected  from 
underneath  the  fulcrum  of  the  first.  It  was  connected  by  a  vertical  link  of  ad- 
justable length  to  the  short  arm  of  the  third  lever.  This  third  lever  was  carried 
by  a  cast-iron  standard  attached  to  the  floor,  and  by  a  vertical  link  from  the  end 
of  the  long  arm  was  carried  a  cylindrical  copper  scale-pan.  As  the  weight  of 
the  pan  and  long  arm  of  the  third  lever  was  sufficient  to  move  the  other  two 


APPENDIX  A. 


407 


levers,  a  counterpoise  was  attached  near  the  vertical  link  between  the  second 
and  third  levers.  An  index  attached  to  the  scale-pan  link  indicated  equilibrium 
as  in  an  ordinary  balance. 

This  apparatus  was  all  carried  on  hardened  steel  knife-edges,  and  was  so  per- 
fectly balanced  that  the  weight  of  an  ordinary  lead-pencil  in  the  scale-pan  was 
enough  to  cause  motion  of  the  levers. 

The  combined  leverage  of  this  train  was  1999.2,  and  therefore  a  weight  of  i 
pound  avoirdupois  placed  in  the  scale-pan  could  only  be  lifted  by  a  force  of 
1999.2  Ibs.  acting  through  the  levers.  By  admitting  an  error  of  0.0004  trus 
was  called  a  ton  of  2,000  Ibs. 

The  most  convenient  weight  was  water ;  this  was  allowed  to  flow  from  a  cylin- 
drical reservoir  into  the  copper  pan.  The  volume  leaving  the  reservoir  meas- 
ured the  weight  applied  in  the  pan.  This  was  finally  read  by  means  of  a  dial 
and  revolving  index,  moved  by  a  float  in  the  reservoir ;  the  graduation  showing 
pounds  and  quarters  applied  in  the  pan,  and  therefore  tons  and  quarters  at  the 
other  end  of  the  train  of  levers.  At  the  commencement  of  every  experiment 
the  scale-pan  was  emptied  and  the  reservoir  filled,  till  the  index  returned  to 
zero.  This  beautiful  apparatus  possessed  a  range  of  one  hundred  tons. 

For  the  purpose  of  measuring  the  changes  of  length  caused  by  known  forces, 
there  was  used  an  exceedingly  delicate  arrangement  (see  Fig.  1 18).  Two  brass  col- 
lars, C  C,  were  fastened  to  the  specimen  by  steel-pointed  screws  ;  from  each  col- 
lar was  a  projection,  which  carried  a  small  rectangular  bar  of  steel,  D  ;  these  two 
bars  were  parallel,  and  each  passed  through  an  aperture  in  the  other  collar,  with 
a  distance  of  one-fourth  of  an  inch  between  their  nearest  parallel  faces.  Between 
these  bars,  and  at  right-angles  to  them,  was  a  steel  roller  one-fourth  of  an  inch  in 
diameter,  E,  one  of  the  bars  being  pressed  upon  the  roller  by  a  small  friction- 
wheel  carried  at  the  end  of  a  delicate  steel  spring  attached  to  one  of  the  collars. 

The  distance  between  the  pointed  screws  that  held  the  collars  to  the  speci- 
men, or  the  equal  distance  between  the  central  planes  of  the  collars,  was  meas- 
ured by  a  scale  and  vernier  attached  to  the  bars.  If  the  collars  were  moved  by 
the  compression  or  extension  of  the  specimen  acted  upon  by  the  hydraulic  press, 
the  roller  between  the  bars  would  be  revolved  by  the  motion  of  one  bar  rela- 
tively to  the  other.  This  rotation  was  measured  with  the  aid  of  a  graduated 
arc,  G,  a  mirror  attached  to  the  top  of  the  roller  (and  the  face  of  which  was  a  dia- 
metral plane),  and  a  telescope,  F,  with  a  vertical  "cross-hair."  The  centre  of  the 
graduated  arc,  which  was  of  twenty-five  feet  radius,  was  also  the  centre  of  the 
roller.  The  telescope  was  attached  to  the  arc,  and  directed  radially  toward  the 
mirror,  in  which,  of  course,  was  seen  by  reflection  the  graduation  of  the  arc.  By 
means  of  the  cross-hair  an  accurate  reading  of  the  arc  was  obtained  ;  force 
having  been  applied  to  the  specimen,  the  mirror  was  rotated  and  a  second  read- 
ing was  taken.  The  difference  of  these  two  readings,  of  course,  was  a  measure 
of  twice  the  angle  of  rotation  of  the  mirror  and  roller.  The  rotation  of  the  mir- 
ror having  been  produced  by  rolling,  was  only  half  the  amount  there  would 
have  been  if  it  had  had  a  fixed  axis  ;  therefore  the  following  proportion  was 
true  : — 


408 


DIAGRAM     OP      MEASURING      APPARATUS 


A  _ 
B_ 

C  .  Colla.  r$. 


T'A.e  cZ0£teaf  line* 


^.  ^Holler 

F  _ 

CA  -  Grac.&c<.  tx 


0  rrtj 


The  distance  moved  by  the  bars  is  to  the  difference  of  readings  on  the  arc  as 
the  radius  of  the  roller  to  the  radius  of  the  arc. 

From  the  dimensions  stated,  the  movement  of  the  collars  was  enlarged  2,400 
times  ;  the  arc  was  graduated,  as  an  ordinary  levelling-rod,  into  feet,  tenths,  and 
hundredths,  and  by  estimation  to  thousandths  ;  therefore  a  movement  of  the  col- 
lar of  TTroiMTuTr  part  of  a  foot,  -or  Too^nnj  °f  an  inch,  became  distinctly  visible. 

This  apparatus  has  only  been  excelled  by  Sir  Joseph  Whitworth  in  the  micro- 
meter attachments  to  his  celebrated  "  Standard  Inch,  "but  possesses  the  advan- 
tage over  that  wonderful  piece  of  mechanism,  in  having  scarcely  a  possibility  of 
wear,  the  surfaces  being  all  in  rolling  contact,  and  being  scarcely  affected  by 
changes  of  temperature. 

The  second  or  smaller  machine  was  devised  by  Col.  Flad  for  the  purpose  of 
making  a  series  of  experiments  on  the  strength  and  elasticity  of  cements,  which 
required  a  less  powerful  apparatus  than  that  already  described. 


APPENDIX  A. 
Fig.  119. 


409 


A  horizontal  steel  screw  (see  Fig.  119)  turned  by  four  arms  passes  through  a  hard 
brass  nut  in  a  cast-iron  cross-bar,  and  presses  with  a  rounded  point  against  a 
block  of  chilled  cast-iron.  At  each  end  of  the  cross-bar  is  secured  a  bolt  or 
rod  of  round  iron,  which  bars  are  parallel  and  pass  through  the  bearing-block 
just  mentioned,  and  through  two  cross-heads.  The  bars  can  be  keyed  to 
either  cross-head.  There  are  also  two  other  parallel  bars  passing  through 
the  cross-heads  and  keyed  to  either.  Outside  of  the  cross-heads,  at  the 
other  end  of  the  bars  from  the  screws,  the  second  set  of  bars  are  bent  together 
and  attached  to  a  lever.  The  fulcrum  of  this  lever  and  the  bearing-block  of  the 


410  APPENDIX  A. 

screw  are  attached  to  the  ends  of  two  pieces  of  oak-timber  carried  by  a  pair  of 
joists,  which  may  be  rested  upon  any  supports.  The  long  arm  of  the  lever  is 
horizontal  and  carries  a  scale-pan  ;  the  second  is  vertical  and  attached  to  the 
second  set  of  bars  ;  and  there  is  also  a  third  arm  which  is  horizontal  and  carries 
a  counterpoise.  The  motion  of  the  lever  is  limited  by  a  cross-piece  between  the 
joists,  upon  which  the  long  arm  can  rest  when  loaded.  The  specimen  to  be  tested 
is  placed  between  the  two  cross-heads  (coupled  to  them  if  tension  is  to  be  used), 
and  the  screw  turned  till  the  lever  and  load  is  lifted.  If  the  two  sets  of  bars  are 
each  keyed  to  the  first  cross-head  they  pass  through,  the  specimen  will  be  acted 
on  by  tension  ;  if  they  are  keyed  each  to  the  second  cross-head  they  pass  through, 
there  will  be  compression,  counting,  in  one  set,  from  the  screw-end  of  the  bars 
to  which  they  are  attached,  and,  in  the  other  set,  from  the  attached  lever.  This 
machine  has  a  range  of  seven  tons. 

The  same  mirror-device  was  used  for  measuring  changes  of  length,  as  in  the 
other  apparatus. 

Granites, 

Six  experiments  were  made  with  3-inch  cubes  of  Iron  Mountain  Red  Granite 
from  Gov.  Brown's  quarry,  and  gave  respectively,  for  the  crushing  stress — 

11,716, 
16,444, 
12,700, 
13,000, 
12,700, 
13,600.  Average,  13,360. 

A  seventh  experiment,  in  which  the  faces  pressed  were  not  parallel,  gave 
5,780.  Tin-foil  or  blotting-paper  was  placed  between  the  iron  cross-heads  and 
the  specimens,  in  order  to  more  fully  distribute  the  pressure  evenly  over  the 
entire  surface.  The  influence  of  careful  "bearing"  and  placing  of  stones  in 
walls  is  somewhat  startlingly  indicated  by  the  difference  between  the  last  ex- 
periment and  the  others. 

Three  experiments  with  granite  from  Maine,  cylinders  6  inches  long  and  2.36 
inches  in  diameter,  gave  respectively — 

Crushing  Stress.  Modulus  of  Elasticity. 
l6,000,  5,50O,OOO. 

l8,5OO,  6,400,000. 

I7,OOO,  5,OOO,OOO. 

Two  3-inch  cubes  gave  13,700  and  8,500  for  crushing  stress.  The  average 
value  of  the  crushing  stress  for  the  five  experiments  was  14,740,  and  for  the  first 
three  the  average  modulus  of  elasticity  was  5,600,000,  nearly.  A  3-inch  cube  of 
Richmond,  Virginia,  granite  gave  16,400  for  crushing,  and  13,500,000  for  the 
modulus. 

The  strength  of  Scotch  granites  from  Aberdeen,  as  given  by  Rennie,  is  10,914. 
The  strength  of  granites  given  by  Molesworth  is  8,000,  and  by  Rankine  from 
5,500  to  11,000. 


APPENDIX  A.  411 

Strength  of  Sandstones. 

Two  cubes  of  sandstone  from  St.  Genevieve,  Mo.,  one  3  inches  and  the  other 
4i  inches,  gave  5,330  and  5,500 — an  average  of  5,415. 

A  3 -inch  cube  from  St.  Genevieve,  quarry  of  Dodds  &  Sliders,  gave  13,400. 

A  3-inch  cube  from  Cannelton,  Ind.,  gave  3,700. 

Rennie  gives  for  Derby  sandstone,  3,142. 

Rennie  gives  for  Dundee  sandstone,  6,630. 

Molesworth  gives  5,000. 

Weisbach  gives  from  1,400  to  13,000. 

Rankine  gives  from  2,200  to  5,500. 

Strength  of  Limestone. 

Three  cubes  of  3  inches  each,  from  Pike  County,  Mo.,  gave 
l,3<x>, 

3>IOO> 

2,960.     Average,  2,453  f°r  crushing  stress. 

Eight  experiments  with  cylinders  of  Grafton,  111.,  limestone  (magnesian),  6 
inches  long,  i.i  inches  in  diameter,  gave  an  average  of  6,700  for  crushing  stress, 
and  seven  experiments  gave  8,600,000,  nearly,  for  the  modulus  of  elasticity. 

Eight  experiments  with  cubes  gave  an  average  of  12,300  for  the  crushing 
stress. 

A  cube  of  oolitic  limestone  from  Amien,  111.,  gave  4,000. 

A  cube  from  the  quarry  of  N.  D.  Munson,  Ouincy,  111.,  gave  9,500. 

The  average  of  four  experiments,  each  on  4-inch  cubes,  from  Manhattan, 
Junction  City,  and  Ellis,   Kansas,  gave  4,700,   3,050  and   1,100  respectively. 
These  limestones  were  magnesian. 
'  Molesworth  gives  3,000  to  8,000. 

Weisbach  gives  1,500  to  6,000. 

Rankine  gives  4,000  to  4,500,  and  5,500  for  marble. 

A  3-inch  cube  of  ochre-brown  marble  from  Cape  Girardeau,  Harris's  quarry, 
gave  1,500. 

A  3-inch  cube  from  Chicago,  Lamont  quarry,  14,100. 

A  3-inch  cube  of  limestone  from  Barrett's  Station,  Knipper's  quarry,  5,900. 

This  quarry  is  near  the  tunnel  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  R.  R. 

Concretes. 

The  average  crushing  stress  of  twenty  experiments  on. concretes  of  hydraulic 
cement,  sand,  and  broken  limestone,  with  from  0.57  to  0.67  limestone,  and  from 
0.14  to  0.17  cement,  was  1,083  ;  both  Akron  and  Louisville  cements  were  used, 
and  the  specimens  were  6-inch  cubes,  which  had  been  twelve  days  under 
water  and  exposed  to  the  air  for  six  months.  These  experiments  were  very 
nearly  alike,  and  the  change  in  cement,  both  in  kind  and  in  proportion,  seemed 
not  to  affect  the  results. 


412  APPENDIX  A. 

Cements. 
With  mixtures  of  Akron  cement  and  sand,  of 

0.33  cement )  .,  ,  . 

0.67  sand      \  the  crushmg  stress  was     19S 

0.40  cement  )  «  t(  „ 

0.60  sand       [ 

0.50  cement  )  (<  l( 

0.50  sand       f 

Pure  cement  "  "  1,180 

The  above  were  12  days  in  water,  24  days  in  air,  a  mean  of  two  experiments 
each. 

114  experiments  on  pure  Fall  City  (Louisville)  cement  gave  1,309  for  the 
crushing  and  669  for  the  proof  stress  respectively,  and  702,616  for  the  "  modu- 
lus of  elasticity." 

93  experiments  on  a  mixture  of  equal  parts  cement  (Fall  City)  and  sand  gave 
455,356  and  647,610  for  crushing  stress,  proof  stress,  and  modulus  of  elasticity. 

45  experiments  on  a  mixture  of  one  part  cement  and  two  parts  sand  gave  for 
the  crushing  stress  238,  for  the  proof  stress  203,  and  for  the  modulus  of  elas- 
ticity 1,261,588;  these  had  been  12  days  in  water  and  about  6  months  in  air. 
From  these  experiments  we  find  that  pure  cements  are  stronger  and  more  easily 
compressed  than  mixtures  of  sand  and  cement. 

From  168  experiments  on  7  cubes,  2|  inches  each,  the  average  penetration  of 
a  i-lb.  weight  with  sharp  point  falling  6  inches,  was — 

(  Louisville  (Fall  City)  0.09  inches 
)r  I  Akron  0.18       " 

-,,  ,  \  Louisville  444 

1  he  average  crushing  stress  was  of  •> 

(  Akron         149 

The  Louisville  is  slower  setting,  stronger  and  harder  than  the  Akron. 

Strength  of  Brick. 

Machine-made,  Hydraulic  Pressed. 


Hand-made 
U.  S.  Stamps. 

Metcalf. 

Sterling.         Hodgman  & 
Goodwin. 

Remarks. 

738 

2O2I 

1543 

Salmon 

930 

2  Experiments. 

2984 

4521 

7477            2026 

Paving 

4695 

4220 

2  Experiments. 

1970 

Light-red 

.    1260 

2  Experiments. 

2496 

3487 

1870* 

Red 

2905 

5006 

Dark-red 

2  Experiments. 

1855 

2  Experiments. 

2400 

5728 

6621            4241 

Arch 

3670      - 

I  Experiment. 

*  4  Experiments. 


APPENDIX  A.  413 

The  numbers  above  are  the  mean  of  8  experiments  each,  unless  noted. 
Rennie  gives  for  hand-made  red  brick  808,  and_for  pale  562. 
Molesworth,  1,500. 
Rankine,  from  550  to  1,100. 

It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  add  that  the  load  actually  put  upon  the  above  ma- 
terials is  rightly  kept  far  below  the  values  given  above. 

Very  Respectfully, 

CHAS.  A.  SMITH. 

PROF.  R.  PUMPELLY, 

State  Geologist. 

ST.  .Louis,  Mo.,  Jan.  St/i,  1873. 


APPENDIX    B. 

NOTES    ON    SUCH    ROCKS    OF    MISSOURI    AS    ADMIT  OF  A   FINE 

POLISH. 

BY   G.    C.    BROADHEAD. 

BEDS  of  limestone  admitting  of  fine  polish,  and  ordinarily  called  marble,  may 
be  found  in  the  counties  of  St.  Louis,  St.  Charles,  Warren,  Montgomery,  Rails, 
Callaway,  Lincoln,  Cooper,  Pettis,  Cass,  Jackson,  Livingston  and  Clay. 

Coal-Measure  Limestone. 

Those  of  Cass,  Jackson  and  Clay  are  gray,  fine-grained,  with  minute  specks 
of  calcite  disseminated,  and  occasionally  varied  by  fossil-shells  ;  this  rock  is 
somewhat  silicious,  but  admits  of  a  fine  polish.  Quarries  of  this  rock  occur  at 
Pleasant  Hill,  Kansas  City,  the  Missouri  bluffs  near  Randolph,  and  at  Missouri 
City.  Its  thickness  is  from  2  to  4  feet,  and  its  geological  position  is  No.  85  of 
my  General  Section  of  the  Upper  Coal-measures.  Limestone  No.  72  of  the  Coal- 
measure  Section,  if  polished,  would  appear  well.  It  is  dark  blue,  with  still 
darker,  irregularly-winding  lines.  It  is  a  very  hard  limestone,  occurring  in 
even  layers,  but  does  not  exceed  i£  feet  in  thickness. 

It  is  quarried  in  the  northern  part  of  Cass  County,  near  Pleasant  Hill,  and 
near  Lone  Jack  in  Jackson  County. 

Lower  Black  River  Beds. 

In  Rails  County,  on  the  Peno,  there  is  9  feet  of  a  fine-grained,  drab,  magnesian 
limestone,  with  disseminated  calcite,  and  containing  fucoids.  In  Callaway 
County,  four  miles  north-east  of  Williamsburgh,  we  find  18  feet  of  blue,  light- 
gray  and  reddish-spotted,  compact  or  subcrystalline  limestone,  all  more  or  less 
speckled  with  calc-spar.  In  some  beds  it  is  disseminated  throughout,  in  others 
it  forms  thin  layers.  In  Montgomery  County,  near  the  mouth  of  Clear  Fork, 
there  occurs  one  foot  of  beautifully  mottled,  drab  limestone,  shading  into  flesh- 
color. 

Near  Danville  is  a  bed,  8  feet  thick,  of  greenish-gray  at  one  place,  at  another 
it  is  of  a  peach-blossom  color ;  when  polished  this  makes  a  very  handsome 
"  marble."  If  burned,  it  shows  stronger  shades  of  color,  the  dark  part  becom- 
ing darker  and  the  light-colored  portion  white.  Below  this  is  found  a  septaria 
bed  that  would  make  an  attractive  marble.  In  Warren  County,  near  Missouri 
College,  we  find  the  base  of  the  Black  River  group  occupied  by  8  feet  of  sub- 
crystalline  limestone,  mottled  gray  in  the  upper  part,  next,  below,  a  reddish- 
gray,  fine-grained,  compact,  often  reddish-drab  with  deeper  red  specks,  and 
presenting  a  graphic  appearance.  ,•  It  is  also  sometimes  found  presenting  a 


APPENDIX  B.  415 

greenish  shade,  the  lower  bed  greenish-white  and  brittle.  In  Sec.  I,  T.  45,  R. 
2,  W.,  are  similar  beds,  of  which  the  upper  members  are  of  a  reddish  color, 
those  below  of  various  shades  of  black  and  brown. 

Some  of  these  would  undoubtedly  appear  well  if  polished.  Similar  beds  to 
those  found  in  Warren  also  crop  out  in  St.  Charles  County,  in  the  Missouri  bluffs, 
near  the  western  county  line.  In  Lincoln  County,  in  Sec.  16,  T.  51,  R.  i,  E., 
there  is  a  quarry  of  21  feet  of  a  gray,  fine-grained  limestone,  with  brown  wind- 
ings, resting  on  7  feet  of  fine-grained  limestone  inclining  to  gray  color  with  a  pink 
shade,  the  upper  2^  feet  abounding  in  irregular,  ramified  forms  of  calcite,  which 
sometimes  weathers  out ;  the  two  lower  beds  are  ten  inches  thick,  and  free  from 
the  faults  of  the  upper  beds.  A  polished  specimen  would  probably  exhibit  a 
dull-drab  color. 

In  Pettis  County,  on  the  Lamine  River,  a  few  miles  from  Sedalia,  there  crops 
out  from  two  to  four  feet  of  a  fine-grained,  drab,  magnesian  limestone,  containing 
many  disseminated  particles  of  calcite.  This  rock  admits  of  a  fine  polish.  Its 
geological  position  is  above  the  ist  Magnesian  limestone. 

Some  of  the  above-named  rocks  are  rather  attractive  when  polished  ;  those  of 
Warren  and  Montgomery  are  but  little  inferior  to  the  Ozark  marble,  but  they 
do  not  present  such  a  variety  of  shades.  In  St.  Louis  County  there  are  beds  of 
very  durable  limestone,  admitting  of  a  fine  polish  and  looking  well  in-doors. 

Although  most  of  the  above-named  rocks  appear  well  when  polished,  none  of 
them  will  retain  a  fine  display  of  color  after  any  out-door  exposure. 

The  Marbles  of  South-Eastern  Missouri. 

In  Iron  County,  on  and  near  Stout's  Creek,  in  Sec.  5,  T.  33,  R.  3,  E.,  and  in 
Sec.  31,  T.  34,  R.  3,  E.,  there  occurs  a  fine-grained,  subcrystalline  limestone, 
mostly  red,  variegated  by  veins  of  calc-spar ;  some  beds  incline  to  buff,  some 
are  gray  and  flesh-colored,  and  some  variegated  buff.  It  occurs  in  layers  rang- 
ing from  two  inches  to  a  foot  in  thickness. 

At  Farnham's  quarry,  in  Sec.  19,  T.  33,  R.  4,  E.,  is  six  feet  of  good  marble, 
the  two  lower  beds  of  20  inches  and  2  feet  in  thickness,  variegated  light  drab, 
inclining  to  flesh-color.  In  the  S.  W.  corner  of  Sec.  5,  T.  32,  R.  4,  we  have  a 
red  and  flesh-colored,  subcrystalline  limestone,  mostly  in  strata  from  1  to  8  inches 
in  thickness  and  variegated  with  calcite  specks. 

Red  and  flesh-colored  marble  is  also  found  in  Sec.  6,  T.  32,  R.  4,  E.,  and  in 
S.  W.  of  N.  E.  Sec.  33,  T.  33,  R.  4,  E.,  the  marble-beds  are  27  feet  in  aggregate 
thickness,  and  one  bed  is  14  inches  thick.  In  Reynolds  County,  on  Tom  Suck 
Creek,  there  are  thick  beds  of  flesh-colored,  subcrystalline  limestone.  In  Madi- 
son County,  near  the  mouth  of  Cedar  Creek,  there  are  very  fine  beds  of  red  and 
variegated  marble.  Near  the  head  of  Cedar  Creek  there  is  ten  feet  of  light-col- 
ored marble,  variegated  with  buff  veins.  Similar  beds  occur  also  on  Leather- 
wood  Creek,  and,  near  its  mouth,  on  the  St.  Franyois  River. 

As  above  named,  the  marbles  of  South-eastern  Missouri  are  generally  of  differ- 
ent colors,  beautifully  clouded  with  various  colors.  Thus  far  I  have  seen  no 
purely  crystalline  marbles,  and  none  that  are  purely  white. 


APPENDIX    C. 


LIST    OF   FOSSILS    FROM   THE    COAL-MEASURES    OF    MISSOURI, 
COLLECTED  IN   1872. 

CATALOGUED   BY  C.    J.    NORWOOD. 

IN  the  following  list  there  are  several  undetermined  species  of  Allorisma, 
Nautilus,  Bellerophon,  Murchisonia,  Macrocheilus,  and  one  or  two  other  gas- 
teropods,  some  of  which  are  probably  undescribed. 

ZOOPHYTA. 

No.  I.  Rhombopora  lepidodendroides,  Meek. 

2.  Fistulipora  nodulifera,  Meek. 

3.  Lophophyllum  prolifcrum,  McChesney. 

4.  Campophyllum  torquium,  Owen. 

5.  Zaphrentis? 

6.  Chcctetes  milleporaceus. 

7.  Chattetes? 

8.  Syringopora  multattemiata,  McChesney. 

ECHINODERMATA. 

9.  Scaphiocrinus  ?  hemisphcericus,  Shumard. 

10.  Zeacrinus  ?  mucrospinus,  McChesney. 

11.  Archceocidaris ?  (3  undet.  sp.) 

BRYOZOA. 

12.  Synocladia  biserialis,  Swallow. 

13.  Polypora  submarginata,  Meek. 

14.  Polypora  (sp.  ?). 

15.  Fenestella  Shumardi,  Prout. 

1 6.  Fenestella  (2  undet.  sp.). 

17.  Glauconome  (sp.  ?)  resembles  G.  trilineata,  Meek. 

BRACHIOPODA. 

1 8.  Productus  Ncbrascensis,  Owen. 

19.  Productus  Pratteniamts,  Norwood. 

20.  Productus  symmetricus,  McChesney. 

21.  Productus  semireticulatus,  Martin. 

22.  Productus  costatus,  Sowerby. 

23.  Productus  Norwoodii?  *  Swallow. 

*  This  shell   Prof.    Swallow  describes  from  the   Permian  in  Kansas.      Vide  Trans.  St. 
Louis  Acad.  Sci.,  1858,  vol.  i.  p.  182. 


APPENDIX  C.  417 

24.  Proditctus  Americanus,  Swallow. 

25.  Productus  semircticulatus  var.  Calhounianus ,  Swallow. 

26.  Productus  pnnc tatus,  Martin. 

27.  Productus  names  ?  Meek  and  Worthen. 

28.  Productus  muricatus,*  Norwood  and  Pratten. 

29.  Productus  IVabashensis,*  Norwood  and  Pratten. 

30.  Productus  splendens,*  Norwood  and  Pratten. 

31.  Productus  (sp.  ?). 

32.  Lingula  (2  undet.  sp.). 

33.  Ckonetes granulifera,  Owen. 

34.  Chonetes  Smith  ii,  Norwood  and  Pratten. 

35.  Chonetes  mesoloba,  Norwood  and  Pratten. 

36.  Chonetes  Vernetfiliana,  Norwood  and  Pratten. 

37.  Ckonetes glabra,  Geinitz. 

38.  Chonetes  (sp.  ?). 

39.  Hemipronites  crassus,  Meek  and  Hayden. 

40.  Athyris  subtilita,  Hall. 

41.  Terebratula  bovidens,  Morton. 

42.  Spirifer  lineattis,  Martin. 

43.  Spirifer  (Martinid)  planoconvexus,  Shumard. 

44.  Spirifer  cameratus,  Morton. 

45.  Spirifer ina  Kentuckensis,  Shumard. 

46.  Retzia  punctulifera,  Shumard. 

47.  Rhynchonella  Osagensis,  Swallow. 

48.  Syntrilasma  hemiplicata,  Hall. 

49.  Meekella  striato-costata,  Cox. 

50.  Orthis  carbonaria,  Swallow. 

51.  Discina  Missouriensis,  ^Shumard. 

52.  Discina  capuliformis  ?  McChesney. 

53.  Discina  (sp.  ?). 

54.  Orbiculoidea  f 

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. 

55.  Entolirtm  aviculatum,  Swallow. 

56.  Aviculopecten  occidentalis,  Shumard.' 

57.  Aviculopecten  Whitei,  Meek. 

58.  Aviculopecten  carboniferus ,  Stevens. 

59.  Aviculopecten  Coxanus,  Meek  and  Worthen. 

60.  Aviculopecten  interlineatus,  Meek  and  Worthen. 

6 1.  Aviculopecten  Providencis,  Cox. 

62.  Aviculopecten  (2  sp.  undet.). 

*  This  is  probably  Pr.  longispinus  of  Sowerby.     Compare  the  figures  of  de  Koninck, 
1842-1844,  An.   Foss.    Ter.  Carb.   Belg.,   PI.  xii.  Fig.  u,  a,  b,  and  PL  xii  bis;   Fig.  2, 

a,  b,  c,  d,  with  the  figures  of  Norwood  and  Pratten,  1854,  your.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Phila., 
vol.  iii. ,  2d  ser. ,  PI.  i. ,  Fig.  5  and  Fig.  6. 
27 


4i 8  APPENDIX  C. 

63.  Aviculopinna  Americana,  Meek. 

64.  Pinna  per acuta,  Shumard. 

65.  Prothyris  elcgans,  Meek. 

66.  Pleurophorus  oblongus,  Meek. 

67.  Pleurophorus  occidentalis ,  Meek  and  Hayden. 

68.  Pleitrophorus  subcostatus,  Meek  and  Worthen, 

69.  Pleurophorus  (sp.  ?). 

70.  Myalina  subgrtadrata,  Shumard. 

71.  Myalina  recurvirostris  ?  Meek  and  Worthen. 

72.  Myalina  meliniformis  ?  Meek  and  Worthen. 

73.  Myalina  Sivallovi,  McChesney. 

74.  Myalina  Kansasensis,  Shumard. 

75.  Chcenomya  Leavenivorthensis,  Meek  and  Hayden. 

76.  Chcenomya  Cooperi?  Meek  and  Hayden. 

77.  Chcenomya  (sp.  undet.). 

78.  Allorisma  regularis,  Owen. 

79.  Allorisma  (Sedgwickid)  subelegans,  Meek. 

80.  Allorisma  (Sedgivickia)  granosa,  Shumard. 

8 1.  Allorisma  (Sedgwickia)  reflcxa,  Meek. 

82.  Allorisma  subcuneata,  Meek  and  Hayden. 

83.  Allorisma  (3  or  4  sp.  undet.). 

84.  Edmondia  Aspinwallensis ,  Meek. 

85.  Edmondia  ?  Nebrascensis,  Geinitz. 

86.  Edmondia  ?  reflexa,  Meek. 

87.  Edmondia  subtruncata,  Meek. 

88.  Edmondia  (2  sp.  undet.). 

89.  Schizodus  Wheeler i,  Swallow. 

90.  Schizodus  curtus,  Meek  and  Worthen. 

91.  Schisodus  (2  or  3  sp.  undet.). 

92.  Cardiamorpha  Missouriensis,  Shumard. 

93.  Cardium  ?  Lexingtonensis,  Swallow. 

94.  Astartella  vera,  Hall. 

95.  Nucula  ventricosa,  Hall. 

96.  Nuc^lla  (sp.  undet.). 

97.  Nuculana  bellistriata,  Stevens. 

98.  Lima  retifera,  Shumard. 

99.  Macrodon  tenuistriata  ?  Meek  and  Worthen. 

100.  Solenopsis  solenoides,  Geinitz. 

101.  Pseudomonotis  (sp.  undet.). 

1 02.  Eumicrotis  Haivni,  Meek. 

103.  Eumicrotis  Haivni  var.  sinuata,  Meek  and  Worthen. 

104.  Eumicrotis  (sp.  undet.). 

105.  Solenomya  (sp.  undet.). 

106.  Yoldia  (sp.  undet). 


APPENDIX  C  419 


GASTEROPODA. 

107.  Pleurotomaria  carbonaria,  Norwood  and  Pratten. 

108.  Pleurotomaria  tabulafa,  Conrad. 

109.  Pleurotomaria  turbiniformis,  Meek  and  Worthen. 
no.  Pleurotomaria  Grayvillensis,  Norwood  and  Pratten. 
in.  Pleurotomaria  depressa,  Cox. 

112.  Pleurotomaria  sphccrttlata,  Conrad. 

113.  Pleurotomaria  (sp.  undet.). 

1 1 4.  Bellcrophon  carbonarius,  Cox. 

115.  Bellerophon  ellipticus,  McChesney. 

1 1 6.  Bellerophon  percarinatus,  Conrad. 

117.  Bellerophon  Montfortiamts,  Norwood  and  Pratten. 

1 1 8.  Bellerophon  Kansasensis,  Swallow. 

119.  Bellerophon  Marcottianus,  Geinitz. 

1 20.  Bellerophon  crassus,  Meek  and  Worthen. 

121.  Bellerophon  (3  sp.  undet.). 

122.  Enomphalus  rugosus,  Hall. 

123.  Straparollus  umbillicatus,  Meek  and  Worthen. 

124.  Loxonema  cerithiformis  ?  Meek  and  Worthen. 

125.  Loxonema  rrtgosa  f  Meek  and  Worthen. 

126.  Loxonema  (sp.  undet.). 

127.  Polyphetnopsis  inornata  ?  Meek  and  Worthen. 

128.  Polyphemopsis  (sp.  undet). 

129.  Macrocheilus fusiformis  ?  Hall. 

130.  Macrocheilus  inhabilis,  Morton. 

131.  Macrocheilus  ventricosus,  Hall. 

132.  Macrocheilus  medialis  ?  Meek  and  Worthen. 

133.  Macrocheilus  (2  or  3  sp.  undet.). 

134.  Naticopsis  Altonensis,  McChesney. 

135.  Naticopsis  Shumardii,  McChesney. 

136.  Naticopsis  (sp.  undet.). 

137.  Platyostoma  Peoriense,  McChesney. 

138.  Aclis  ?  Swalloviana,  Geinitz. 

139.  Murchisonia  (several  undet.  sp.). 

140.  Turritella  f 

141.  Fusulina  cylindrica,  Fischer. 

142.  Fusulina  (small,  undet.  sp.). 

CEPHALAPODA. 

143.  Nautilus  decoratus,  Cox. 

144.  Nautilus  Sangamonensis,  Meek  and  Worthen. 

145.  Nautilus  occidentalis^  Swallow. 

146.  Nautilus  Forbesianus,  McChesney. 

147.  Nautilus  (3  sp.  undet). 


420 


APPENDIX  C. 

148.  Goniatites  politus ,  Shumard. 

149.  Goniatites  planorbiformis ,  Shumard. 

150.  Goniatites  globulostis,  Meek  and  Worthen. 

151.  Goniatites  (2  sp.  undet). 

152.  Orthoceras  cribrosum. 

153.  Orthoceras  (large  undet.  sp.). 

CRUSTACEA. 

154.  Phillipsia  major,  Shumard. 

155.  Phillipsia  (sp.). 

1 56.  Heads  of  two  undet.  genera  of  Trilobites. 

FISHES. 

157.  Petalodus  destructor,  Newberry  and  Worthen. 

158.  Deltodus  angustus,  Newberry  and  Worthen. 

159.  Peripristis  semicircularis ,  Newberry  and  Worthen. 

1 60.  Xystrodits?  occidentalis,  St.  John. 

1 6 1 .  Ctenacanth  us  ? 

162.  Cladodus  (sp.  undet.). 

PLANTS. 

163.  Calamites  (sp.  undet.). 

164.  Lepidodendron  (sp.  undet.). 

165.  Sigillaria  (sp.  undet.). 

1 66.  Cordaites. 

167.  Stigmaria  ficoides ,  Brgt. 

168.  Neuropterus  rarinervis,  Bunb. 

169.  Neuropterus pachy derma,  Lsq. 
Several  undetermined  genera. 


APPENDIX 


s(  IIKDULK  SHOW i  M; 
DKPTH  OF  COAL  SKAMS 

bo  low    givfii   horizons, 
by  G.C.Broadhead 


1 

- 

-i 

3  inch  &al 

I 

Pkasttiit  ffiTI  t'ass 
FUJI.  Depot 

Missouri  Cit.\- 
Jt.R.Level 

\\ 

i  >. 

: 

|, 

^ 

icothc  Lirifit/ston  la 
Surface 

•S 

4; 

l! 
1 

iff  ton  I.afa*iMe  (0 
/ivwjCe.r  Coal 

itlerJiates  Co. 
Swi'acf  iiffroximate 

« 

1 

Is 

s! 

^ 

1 

r 

A-fi'cM  £inn  Co 
uppnuunuiUe 

Uon  Carrolt'  Co. 

in  Siittivan  Co. 
ufpro.cirtuilf 

nisA  Cfuiriton,  Co 

Salisbury  Chariiott  Ca 
yjpraximate 

-ensburcf  Johnson  &> 

\ 

Me^dair  Co 

"ffrvximate 

i 

ir 

H 

^ 

5 

"S 

4 

1 

\ 

1 

1 

N. 

| 

II 

(N 

1 

k 

\ 

N 

• 

-» 

' 

- 

toy/?1-/   //r/ 

•        "^ 

1 

rfjttet 

v  •* 

•  • 

*£   -'  II    /  fill 

^ 

-  -   » 

m 

• 

///,•/•/ 

-.-,  , 

Ift.liui  i.-./l 

1   .?.'  Iff/ 

5WWB 

^  7  iff.  CM! 

,       ISfiXf 

•^    -   - 

'"" 

v$fflA 

•^J  ft.  Kin  I','.,! 

^    u  foe 

£ 

,tlJ>    Cant 

^   -MM 

. 

,'::,, 

13  feel 

jj  /(Jrt    rttir 

,    .  . 

__ 



Base  of 't'anf  .(/« 

Note.  This  table  is  intended  as  a  guide  for  boring.  The  thickness  of  the  ibal  Seams 
and  tilt  itista/iass  between  them  tin-  xubf'rct  to  local  Variations.  The  surface  of 
tJie  givuntl  at  facA-  point  is  indicated,  thus  **a^ 


H 

* 

0 
— 

H 

W 


INDEX. 


Ackurst's  land,  Manganiferous  Ore  on,  I.,  26, 

123 
A.  C.  L.,  No.  i  Bank,  I.,  167 

No.  2  Bank,  I.,  168 
Aclis,  Swalloviana,  II.,  61,  90,  396 
Actiiiocrinus,  II.,  39,  252 
aculeatus,  Archseocidaris— II.,  384 
Adams'  Coal,  II.,  187 

adnasceiis,  Hymenophyllites — II.,  97,  175,  197 
requicostatus,   Productus — II.,   200,    308,   310, 

334,  337 

Albany,  Ray  Co.,  II.,  98,  99,  134 
Allen's,  Nodaway  Co.,  section  at,  II.,  398 
Allorisma   (sp.  undet.),  II.,  42,  45,  89,  90,  91,  92, 

96,   106,   112,   120,   126,   127,  129,  319,  321,  338, 

350,  3.52.  361,  365 
(Sedgwickia)  granosa,  II.,   88,  92,  129,   131,  335, 

349,  362 

regulans,  II.,  92,  121,  183,  188,  194,  198,  200 
subcuneata,  II.,  88,  91,  93,  97,  131 
Altoiiensia,  Naticopsis— II.,   27,  88,  90,  91,  132, 

T77,  393>  40° 
altcrnata,   Strophomena — II.,  233,  236,  238,  239, 

240,  242 
Amazonia,  Andrew  Co.,  II.,  120,   121,   124,  134, 

140,  145,  153 

Building  Stone  near,  II.,  140 
Quarry  west  of,  II.,  121 
Section  at,  II.,  125 
Americana,   Aviculopinna — II.,  88,  89,  96,   106, 

132,  362,  369,  394,  397 
Amcricaiius,  Productus — II.,  95,   106,  109,  319, 

338 

Amount  of  Coal  in  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  280,  281 
Aitios's,  Jackson  Co.,  section  at,  II.,  200 

Zinc-blende  at,  II.,  208 

Heavy-spar  at,  II.,  209 
Amplexus,  II.,  13,  16 
Analysis  of  Baker's  Clay,  Lincoln  Co.,  I.,  38 

of  Baker's  Coal,  Lincoln  Co.,  I.,  36,  37  ;  II.,  270 

of  Bevier  Coal,  I.,  36 

of  Big  Muddy  Coal,  I.,  36 

of  Brown  Hematite  Ores,  I.,  43 

of  Red  Hematite  from  T.  49,  R.  I.  E.,  I.,  38 

of  Bohm's  Coal,  I.,  36  ;  II.,  36 

of  Britt's  Coal,  Henry  Co.,  I.,  35;  II.,  30 

of  Bruce's  Coal,  I.,  35 

of  Buford  Hill  Specular  Ore,  I.,  65 

of  Camden  Coal,  I.,  34;  II.,  67 

cf  Cannel  Coal,  I.,  36,  37 

of  Cedar  Hill  Ore,  I.,  64 

of  Clay  from  Baker's  Shaft,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  288 

of  Clay  from  the  Morris  Shaft,  Lincoln  Co.,  II., 
288 

of  Clay  from  Pilot  Knob,  L,  18,  30 

of  Clays  from  Lincoln  Co.,  I.,  38 

of  Coal,  ultimate,  I.,  37 

of  Colbert's  Clay,  Lincoln  Co.,  I.,  38 

of  Collin's  Coke,  II.,  69 

of  Cuthbertson's  Manganese  and  Iron-ores,  I.,  39 

of  Davis's  Coal,  II.,  55 

of  Dolomites,  I.,  6,  7 

of  Dolomite  from  Iron  Mountain,  I.,  7 

of  Dolomite  from  Mace's  quarry,  I.,  6 

of  Ennis  &  CundifTs  Coal,  I.,  35  ;  II.,  45 

of  Fuels,  method  of,  L,  31,  32,  33 

of  Fuels  by  the  combustion  furnace,  L,  32 

of  Franke's  Coal,  I.,  35  ;   II.,  41 

of  Fulton  Coal  Co.'s  Coal,  I.,  36 

of  Gasconade  and  Miller  Specular  Ores,  I.,  84,  85 

of  George's  Coal,  I.,  36,  37  ;  II.,  212 

of  Glass-sand,  II.,  289 

of  Goodson's  Coal,  I.,  36  ;  II.,  61 

of  Gowdy's  Coal,  I.,  35  ;  II.,  184 

of  Greenish-white   substance  found  in  Mangani- 
ferous Porphyry,  I  ,  27 

of  Graham's  Coal.  I.,  35  ;  II.,  53 

of  Graham's  Coal,  Livingston  Co.,  I.,  36  ;  II.,  304 


Analysis  of  Grove's  Coal,  L,  35,  37 

of  Hematites  from  St.  Clair  and  Henry  Cos.,  I  , 

86 

of  Hine's  Coal,  I.,  36,  37  :  II.,  279 
of  Howell's  Coal,  I.,  34,  37  ;  II.,  64 
of  Hughes  &  Co.'s  Coal,  L,  34,  37  ;  II.,  67 
of  Hydraulic  Limestone,  Lincoln  Co.,  1.,  37 
of  Iron  Ore  from  Cedar  Hill,  1.,  19 
of  Iron  Ore  from  Buford  Mountain,  L,  22,  23 
of  Iron  Ore  from  Humphrey's,  Lincoln  Co.,  I.,  38 
of  Iron  Mountain  Ores,  I.,  40,  54,  55 
of  Iron  Ridge  Specular  Ores,  I.,  79 
of  Iron  Ore  from  Lewis  Mountain,  L,  64,  65 
of  Iron  Ores  from  Lincoln  Co.,  partial,  L,  38 
of  Iron  Ore  from  Morris's  Shaft,  I.,  38 
of  Iron  Ore  on  Morris  Tract,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  282, 

284 

of  Iron  Ore  from  Murphy's,  I.,  38 
of  Jordan's  Coal,  Henry  Co.,  I.,  35  ;  II.,  16,  17 
of  Lexington  Coal  Co.'s  Coal,  II.,  56 
of  Little  Compton  Coal,  I.,  36  ;  II.,  74 
of  Lime  in  Coal-measures,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  287 
of  Limestone  of  the  St.  Joseph  Bridge,  I.,  38 
of  Limestone  from  Iron  Co.,  I.,  38 
of  Limonites  on  the  Osage  River,  I.,  91 
of  Link's  Coal,  I.,  35,  36  ;  II.,  273,  274 
of  Linn's  Coal,  L,  36  ;  II.,  72 
of  Manganese  Ore  from  Cuthbertson  Tract,  I., 

21 
of    Manganese   Ore  from   Porphyry,  Reynolds 

Co.,  I.,  25 

of  Manganiferous  Hematite,  from  Marble's,  L,  23 
of  Manganiferous  Iron  Ores  from  Buford  Moun- 
tain, I.,  39 

of  Manganiferous  Iron  Ores  from  Marble's,  I.,  39 
of  Manganiferous  Ores  on  Cuthbertson's  Land, 

I.,  65 
of  Meadow's  Coal,   Lincoln  Co.,  I.,  36,  37;  II., 

264 

of  Meddlin's  Coal,  I.,  36;  II.,  59 
of  Metamorphic  Limestone  from  Huff's,  I.,  26 
of  Miami  Coal,  L,  36  ;  II.,  38 
of  Morris's  Clay,  Lincoln  Co.,  I.,  38 
of  Munn's  Coal,  I.,  35  ;  II.,  15 
of  Neff's  Coal,  I.,  35  ;  II.,  25 
of  Nesbitt's  Coal,  I.,  36 
of  Newport  Coal,  I.,  34,  36  ;  II.,  165 
of  Niagara  Coal,  Andrew  Co.,  I.,  36  ;  II.,  353 
of  Oberholz  Coal,  I.,  34,  37  ;  II.,  64 
of  Omaha  Coal  Co.'s  Coal,  Holt  Co.,  L,  36;  II., 

37i 

of  Ore  from  Marble's  Manganese  Deposit,  I.,  23 
of  Organ's  Coal,  Henry  Co.,  I.,  35  ;  II.,  27 
of  GIT'S  Coal,  L,  35 
of  Osage  Co.'s  Coal,  I.,  35  ;  II.,  32 
of  Owsley's  Coal,  I.,  35 
of  Owens'  Coal,  Henry  Co.,  I.,  35  ;  II.,  20 
of  Coal  from  the  Pacific  Mines,  I.,  35,  36,  37  ;  II., 

171 

of  Payne's  Coal,  I.,  35  ;  II.,  47 
of  Pig  Irons,  I.,  43 
of  Pilot  Knob  Ores,  I.,  41,  58 
of  "  Ramey  "-Bank  Coal,  II.,  180 
of  Red  Hematites,  Callaway  Co.,  I.,  86 
of  Rolla  District  Specular  Ores,  L,  83 
of  Salem  District  Specular  Ores,  1.,  77,  78 
of  Scotia  Ores,  I.,  69,  70 
of  Shepherd  Mountain  Ores,  I.,  41,  62,  63     ' 
of"  Shut-in"  Ores,  L,  39 
of  Smith's  Coal,  I.,  34  ;  II.,  65 
of  Smith's  Coal,  Holt  Co.,  II.,  370 
of  Smith's  Coal.  Nodaway  Co.,  I.,  36  ;  II.,  400 
of  Specular  Ore  from  Cuthbertson  Tract,  I.,  21 
of  Specular  and  Red  Hematite  Ores,  L,  42 
of  Specular  Ores  from  Upper  Meramec  District, 

I.,  74 

of  St.  James  District  Specular  Ores,  I.^ 
of  St.  Louis 


!•»  36,  37 


is  Gas  Works  (Pittsburgh,  Pa.)  Coal, 


422 


INDEX. 


Analysts  of  South-eastern  Limonites,  I.,  88,  89 

of  Swanwick  Coal,  I.,  34  ;   II.,  71 

of  Tapscott's  Coal,  I.,  35,  37  ;  II.,  191 

ofTilden  Coal,  I.,  35. 

of  Warrensburgh  Coal,  II.,  211 

of  Westlake's  Coal,  I.,  34,  37  ;  II.,  165 

of  Mrs.  Wingfield's  Coal,  I.,  35,  37;   II.,  182 

of  Williamson's  Coal,  Henry  Co..  I.,  35  ;  II.,  27 

of  Upson's  Coal,  I.,  36  ;  II.,  276 

of  Zimmermann's  Coal,  I.,  30,  37 

of  Zoll's  Coal,  I.,  35,  36,  37 
ancep-f,  Gonioceras  —  II.,  233 
Anderson  Bunk,  I.,  165 
Anderson  and  Sandy,  section  at  junction  of, 

II.,  236 
Andrew  Co.,  Savannah,  II.,  120,  140,  145 

Amazonia,  II.,  120.  121,  124,  134,  140,  145,  153 

Coal,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 
Annularia,  II.,  193,  207 
Anticlinal  Arches,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  223 
Apatite  in  Iron  Mountain  Ore,  I.,  n 
Archeeaii  Hocks,  Residuary  deposits  in,  I.,  9 
Archfeocidaris  (undet.  sp.),  II.,  51,  52,  53,57, 
58,  90,  91,  95,  96,  97,   102,   106,    112,   129.   131, 
145,  168,  192,  193,  200,  300,  319,  334,  352,  365, 
393,  397 

aculeatus,  II.,  384 

biangulata,  II.,  198 

megastylus,  II.,  90,  91,  191,  195 
Archimedipora,  II.,  39,  255 
Archimedes   Limestone,    Lincoln  Co.,   II.,   251, 

253<  254,  255,  256,  284,  285,  287 
Area    and   Thickness  of  upper  Coal-measures,  II., 

98 

Arnold  bank,  description  of,  I.,  153,  154 
asperifclia,  Cornus—  II.,  291 
Astartella  concentrica,  II.,  183 

vera,  II  ,  93,  98,  118,  123,  197,  332,  350 
Atchison    Co.,    Rockport,    II.,    154,    377,    379, 
382 

Milton,  11       <;4 

Sonera,  II  ,  \n 

Bluff,  or  ]  ^,ess  in,  II.,  379 

Coal  in,  II  ,  380,  385 


Economical  Geology  of,  II.,  385 
General  Section  of,  II.,  379 


Geology  of,  II.,  378 

Iron  ore  in,  II.,  385 

Quaternary  deposits  in,  II.,  378 

Red  Paint  in,  II.,  386 

Streams  and  Springs  in,  II.,  377 

Timber  and  Prairie  in,  II.,  276 

Topography  of,  II.,  276 

Soil  of,  II.,  386 

Upper  Carboniferous  in,  II.,  379 
Althyris,  II..  31,  46,  52,  53,  54,  57,  58,  62,  65,  70, 
75,  79,  80,  81,  94,  95.  96,  97,  106,  112,    125,   127, 
129,  294,   300,  302,  307,  319,  324,  336,  348,  362, 
367,  368,  399 

subtilita,  II  .,  18,  27,  32,  33,  46,  49,  50,  51,  52,  57, 
63,  64,  77,  79.  80,  89,  90,  91,  92.  93,  94,  95,  97, 
100,  102,  103,  106,  107,  109,  116,  121,  123,  127, 
128,  129,  130,  132,  176,  177,  178,  179,  180,  181, 
182,  183,  188,  189,  190,  191,  192,  193,  194,  196, 
198,  199,  200,  201,  259,  294,  297,  298,  300,  301, 
302,  306,  312,  320,  322,  323,  333,  334,  335,  339, 
347.  348,  349.  352.  363.  365>  366,  367,  380,  391, 
392.  397.  398,  4°o 

Missouriensis,  II.,  183 
Atrypa  gregaria,  II.,  244 

reticularis,  II.,  239,  241,  242,  244,  245 
Aubiiiii,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  235,  236 
augustifolla,  Yucca  —  II.,  377 
Aullville.  Lafayette  Co.,   II.,  41,  46,  47,  52,  143, 

147.  155 

Sandstone  at,  II.,  41 
Austin.  Cass  Co.,  II.,  169 
Avclin,  Livingston  Co.,  section  two  miles  east  of, 

II.,  302 

Avicula,,  II.,  240,  242,  244.  245,  247,  248,  249 
aviculatum,  Entolium  —  II.,  88,  91,  95,  96,  106, 

112,  129,  131,  302,  362,  364,  399,  400 
Aviculopectcn  (sp.  undet.),   11.,   32,   88.  90,  96, 

202,   310,  323,  338,  348,  349,  362,  380,  383,  392, 

397 
carboniferus,  II.,  51.  52,  94,  95,  333,  384,  393 


Aviculopectcn  Coxanus,  II.,  89,  183,  394 

occidentalis,  II.,  91,  92,  95,  96,  103,  106,  107,  no, 
112,  121,  123,  199,  203,  333,  394,  400 

pellucidus,  II.,  178,  183 

Providencis,  II.,  95,  96,  97,  107,  112,  178,  197 

rectilateraria,  II.,  171,  180,  183,  187,  191 
Aviciilopinna  Americana,   II.,  88,  89,   96,  106, 

132,  362,  369,  394,  397 

Baddy's  Mill,  Nodaway  Co.,  section  at,  II.   398 
Baird  Bank,  I.,  168     ' 
Baker  Bank,  I.,  191 

Bank,  section  at,  II.,  269 

Coal,  Lincoln  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36,  37  ;  II.,  270 

Coal,  containing  Sulphur  without  Iron,  I.,  32 

Specific  Gravity  of,  I.,  37 

Barker's  Creek,  Benton  Co.,  section  at,  II.,  13 
Barlow's  Mill,  on  Rock  Creek,   Atchison  Co., 

section  at,  II.,  382 

Bates  Co.,  Butler,  Upper  Sandstone  of  the  Coal- 
measures  near,  II.,  41 
Bates  and  Vernon  Coal-fields,  II.,  39 
Barytcs.  II.,  282 
Bathyurus  (!),  II.,  230 
Bear  Creek,  II.,  119 

near  Spring  Hill,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  295 

Platte  Co.,  Coal  west  of,  II.,  340 
Bcatty's   Q,uarry,  near  St.  Joseph,  Buchanan 

Co.,  II.,  347 

Beaver   Creek  Bank,  description  of,  I.,   148, 
149 

Branch,  Analysis  of  Hematite  from,  I.,  42,  43 
Bedford,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  140; 

Section  at,  II.,  307 

Section  three-quarters  of  a  mile  southwest  of,  II., 

307,  308 
Bee  Creek,  Buchanan  Co.,  -Coal  near  head  of,  II., 

Belan's  Creek  Bank,  I.,  168 

BelleropUon  (sp.   undet},  II.,  42,  49,  51,  53,  57. 

58,  60,  88,  gb,   92,   97,   109,   121,  127,  181,  193, 

194,   197,   199,   202,  300,  332,  336,  352,  367,  382, 

383.  392.  394,  39s 
carbonarius,   II.,  89,  93,  94,  118,    180,   183,  187, 

190,  191,  199,  322,  332,  392,  399 
crassus,  II.,  91,  96,  198,  203,  392 


ellipticus,  II.,  91 
Grayvillensis,  II., 


33- 


Kansasensis,  II.,  88,  90,  91,  93,  94,  118,  123,  183, 
35o,  394,  4°o 

Marcouianus,  II.,  88,  91,  132,  362 

Meekii,  II.,  332 

Montfortianus,   II.,  42,  77,  96,  102,  118,  120,  180, 
183,  192,  322 

percarinatus,  II.,  88,  93,  94,  96,  102,  103,  106,  118, 

180,  181,  183,  322,  332,  362 
bellistriata,   Nuculana— II.,  91,  93,  94,  118,  123, 

183,  192,  201,  350 
Benton  Co.,  section  in,  II.,  12 

Fort  Lyon  in,  II.,  12 

Creek  Bank,  description  of,  I.,  134,  135 
Bethany,  Harrison  Co.,  II.,  203 

Falls  Limestone,  II.,  76,  77,  79,  80,  97,  167,  203 
Berlin,  Lafayette  Co.,  II.,  41,  42,  43 

Sandstone  at,  II.,  41 

Section  at,  II.,  41 

"  Bevier  "  Coal,  Macon  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 
Beverly,  Platte  Co.,  section  opposite,  II.,  116 
Beyrichii,  Nucula— II.,  88,  400 
biangulata,  Archaeocidaris — II.,  198 
Big  Creek,  near  Strasburgh,  Cass  Co.,  section  at, 

II-,  195 

Big  Bogy    Mountain,   Specular  Ore  in  Por- 
phyry at,  I.,  122 

Big   Mauqua   Hunk,  I.,  189 

Big  Mufldy  Coal  (111.),  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 
Iron  Co.,  Analysis  of  Pig-irons  from,  I.,  44 
Marble  Beds  on,  II.,  205 

Birclseye  and  Black  River  Limestone,  north 
of  Sandy  Creek,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  230 

Birdseye  Limestone,  along  Bryant's  Creek.  Lin- 
coln Co.,  II.,  232 

biscrialis,  Synodadia — II., 89,  94,  95,  96,  107,  109, 
113,397 

lila<  k  Fork  Bank,  I.,  174 

Black  River  and  Birdscye  Limestone,  Lin- 
coln CoM  226 


INDEX. 


423 


Black  River  and  Birdseye  Limestone, 

North  of  Sandy  Creek,  II.,  230 

Black  Itiver  Limestone  along  Bryant's  Creek, 
II.,  232 

Between  Bryant's  and  Mill's  Creek,  II.,  233 

Beds,  Lower,  II.,  414 
Blackwater,  section  near  Bridge  on,  II.,  38 

Coal  on.  II.,  211 
Blittkwell  Bank,  I.,  165 
lila  11  toil  Limonite  Bank,  description  of,  I.,  181 

Specular  Bank,  description  of,  I.,  161 
Bleeding  Hill  Bank,  I.,  162 
Block's  Mills,  Platte  Co.,  Coal  near,  II.,  340 
Bloomfield  Bank,  description  of,  I.,  172 
Bluff,  or  Loess,  in  Atchison  Co.,  II.,  379 

in  Clay  Co.,  II.,  318 

Knobs  in  Holt  Co.,  II.,  275 

in  Holt  Co.,  II.,  360 

in  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  260 

in  Platte  Co.,  II.,  349 
Blue  Mills,  Jackson  Co.,  II.,  76,  86,  98 

Petroleum  near,  II.,  86 

Landing,  section  at,  II.,  76 

Boll's  Creek,  Lincoln  Co.,  section  at,  II.,  255,  256 
Biihin's  Coal,  Saline  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 

Analysis  of,  II.,  36 

Coal  Bank,  near  Brownville,  Pettis  Co.,  II.,  36 
Boundary  of  Coal-measures  in  Missouri,  II.,  5 
bovidcns,  Terebratula— II.,  394,  397 
Bowie  11  Bank,  description  of,  I.,  179,  180 
Bowman's  Coal,  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  399 

Sandstone  Quarry,  II.,  71 
Boyce's  Coal  Bank,  Coal  at,  II.,  208 

Coal  Bank,  section  at,  II.,  174 
Bracliiopoda,  II.,  22,  32 

List  of,  II.,  416 
Britt's  Coal,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  29,  35 

Analysis  of,  II.,  30 

Section  at,  II.,  29 
Brick,  strength  of,  II.,  412 

in  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  399 
Briilge  on  the  Tabbo,  section  at,  II.,  43 

Surveys  at  St.  Joseph,  Buchanan  Co.,  IL,  357, 

358 
Bridgewater,  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  139,  142,  148, 

392.  393*  396 

Upper  Coal-measure,  building-stone  near,  II.,  139 

Section,  one  mile  south  of,  II.,  392,  393 
Brown's  Coal,  II.,  100 

Bank,  description  of,  I.,  173,  189 

Quarry,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  286 
Brownsville,  Saline  Co.,  II.,  36,  144,  145,  148, 

152,  155 

Pettis  Co.,  II.,  36,  37,  38 
Coal  near,  II.,  36 
Rocks  near,  II.,  36 
Section  near,  II.,  36 
Brockman's  Branch,  Holt  Co.,  section  near 

mouth  of,  II.,  367 
Brnce's  Coal,  Johnson  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35 

Specific  gravity  of,  I.,  37 

Brush.  Creek,  Platte  Co.,  section  west  of,  II.,  no 
Brushy  Mound,  Vernon  Co.,  section  at.,  IL,  39 

Spathic  Ore  near,  II.,  150 
Brunswick,  Chariton  Co.,  II.,  146 
Bryant's  Creek,  Lincoln  Co.,  Black  River  and 

Birdseye  Limestone  along,  II.,  232 
Lower  Trenton  along,  II.,  235 

Bryozoa,  II.,  13,  16,  39,  90,  94,  95,  159,  188,  194, 
198,  199,  201,  203,  319,  322,  324,  333,  336,  337, 
.338,  349>  352.  363,  3°8,  380,  383,  397 
List  of,  II.,  416 

Buchanan  Co.,  St.  Joseph,  II.,  120,  122,  124, 
134,  140,  145,  153,  346,  348,  349,  351,  352,  354, 

357 

Rushville,  II.,  123,  345 
Sparta,  II.,  354 

Upper  Carboniferous  in,  II.,  346 
Coal  in,  IL,  352,  353^  354 
Fruit  in,  1 1.,  357 
Timber  and  Prairie  in,  II. ,  345 
Ferruginous  Sandstone  in,  II. ,  351,  352,  354 
Soil  of,  II. ,  356,  357 
Streams  and  Springs  in,  II.,  346 
Buckland   li.tuk,   description  of,   I.,   159,  160, 
167 


Building-Stone,  descriptive  list  of,  II.,  138 

of  upper  Coal-measures,  II. ,  138 

of  upper  Coal-measure,   near  Bridgewater,  Nod- 
away  Co.,  II.,  139 

near  Waldron,  Platte  Co.,  1 1.,  140 

near  St.  Joseph,  Buchanan  Co.,  II. ,  140 

near  Parkville,  Platte  Co.,  II. ,  140 

near  Amazonia,  Andrew  Co.,  II.,  140 

at  Mooresville,  Livingston  Co.,  II. ,  141 

near  Greenwood,  Jackson  Co.,  II.,  141 

at  Pleasant  Hill,  Cass  Co.,  II.,  141 

near  Missouri  City,  Cass  Co.,  II. ,  141 

near  Kansas  City,  Jackson  Co.,  II. ,  140,  141 

near  Randolph,  Cass  Co.,  II.,  141 

near  Savannah,  Andrew  Co.,  II.,  140 

near  Lone  Jack,  Jackson  Co.,  II.,  142 
Building   Material  in  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  285 

in  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  311 

in  Clay  Co.,  II.,  325 

Strength  of,  II.,  403 
Bntfum  Bank,  I.,  179 

Buford  Hill,  Analysis  of  Iron-ore  from,  I.,  22,  23, 
65 

Manganiferous  Iron-ores,  Analysis  of,  I.,  39 

Section  on,  I.,  22 

Specular  Ore  in  Porphyry  at,  I.,  122 
Burlingtonensis,   Mitchellina— II.,  160,  161 

Productus — II.,  13 
Bush  Creek,  section  at,  II.,  188 
Butler,  Sandstone  near,  II.,  41 
Burlington  Limestone,  II. ,  13,  160,  209 

near  Georgetown,  II. ,  205 

Group,  II.,  16 
Burdick's  Coal  Bank,  Nodaway  Co.,  section 

at,  1 1.,  400 

Calamitcs  (sp.  undet.),  II. ,  26,  43,  164,  258 
Calcite,  IL,  208 

at  Amos' s,  Jackson  Co.,  II. ,  209 

in  Dolomite,  I.,  5 

at  Parker's  Quarry,  II. ,  209 

at  Pleasant  Hill,  IL,  209 
Caldwell  Co.,  Kingston,  II. ,  98 
Culhoun,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  n,  14,  22,  30,  147,  149 

Coal  at,  II. ,  22,  23 

Iron-ore  near,  II. ,  23,  24 

Section  at,  II.,  22,  23 
Calhouniauus  Productus — II.,  89,  132,  381,  383, 

384,  398 
Callaway  Co.  Coal,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 

Red  Hematites,  I.,  85,86 

Analysis  of  Red  Hematites,  I.,  86 

Williamsburg,  II. ,  414 
Camden,  Ray  Co.,  II. ,  63,  67,  69,  147 

Coal,  IL,  67 

Coal,  Analysis  of,  II.,  67 

Coal  Mines,  Ray  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  34 

Analysis  of  Hematite  from,  I.,  43 

Section  in  Railroad  cut  west  of,  II. ,  69 

camcratus,  Spirifer— II.,  18,  27,  28,  31,  33,  35,  48, 

Si,  54,   57.    58,  62,  64,  65,  70,  72,  75,  76,  81,  89, 

90,  91,  92,  93,  94,  95,  96,    97,    100,    106,    107, 

109,  113,  123,   125,  126,  130,  132,  176,   177,  178, 

179,  180,  181,   182,  183,  187,  188,  189,  190,    191, 
193,  194,  198,  199,  200,  201,  294,  301,  306,  307, 
308,  310,  319,  322,  337,  338.  349,  352,  363,365, 
366,  367,  381,  382,  391,  392,  393,  396,  398,  400 

Camp  Creek  Bank,  Clay  Co.,  I.,  168 

Sectional,  II. ,  324 
Camphophyllum,  IL,  167 

torquium,  II. ,  96,  103,  106,  108,  140,  320 
Canadensis,  Lithostrotion— II. ,  255 
Canitcl  Coal,    II.,  40 

Analysis  of,  I.,  36,  37 

Cap  au  Ores,  Lincoln  Co.,  ,11.,  247,  260 
Capulus,  II. ,  13,  16,  161 

Carbonate  ot'Iron,  I.,  146;    II.,  12,  17,  18,  20, 
39,  6c,   71,  78,  88,  116,  121,  129,  131,  132,  150, 
151,  152,  155,  206,  341 
carhonaria,  Macrodon— II. ,  183,  202 

Orthis— II.,  46,  92,  93,  94,  113,  123,  348,  397 

Pleurotomaria — II. ,  46,  88,  178,  362 

Lingula — II. ,  180,  187 
carbonarius,   Bellerophon— II. ,  89,  93,  94,  118, 

180,  183,  187,  190,  191,  199,  322,  332,  392,  399 
Carbon  Hill  Coal,  II.,  183 

Section  just  west  of,  II.,  182 


424 


INDEX. 


carboniferus,  Aviculopecten — II.,  51,  52,  94,  95, 

333.  384,  393 
Carboniferous,  Upper,  in  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  292 

Upper,  in  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  390 
Card  &  Co.'s  Bank,  I  ,  167 
Card!  11  in  t  Lexingtonensis,   II.,   29,   61,  178,  181, 

182 
Cardiamorpha  Missourieiisis,  II.,  48,  61, 

83,  181,  183,  185,  189,  190 
Careys  Q,uarry,  II.,  204 
Carl  Bank,  I.,  189 
Carpenter  Bank,  description  of,  I.,  191,  192 

Ochre  at,  II.,  207 

Springs  at,  II.,  209 
Carson  Bank,  I.,  165 
Carroll  Co.,  Miami,  II.,  43,  143 

DeWitt,  II.,  44,  143 

Carrollton,  II.,  62,  147 

Rocky  Ford,  II.,  62,  155 

Little  Comptpn,  II.,  148,  150 

Coal,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 
Carrollton,  Carroll  Co.,  II.,  62,  147 
Cass   Co.,  Harrisonville,  II.,  9,  98,  167,  197 

Centre  Knob,  II.,  9,  98,  197 

Pleasant  Hill,   II.,    141,   142,   157,    167,  189,  197, 

204,  208,   209,   212,   414 

Strasburgh,  II.,  153,  166,  195,  196,  211 

Austin,  II.,  169 

Coal,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 

Catalogue    of   Coal   Hanks  examined  by  Broad- 
head,  II.,  135-138 
Cauda  galli,  II.,  246,  248,  249 
Caulopteru4,  II.,  178 
Caulerpites,  II.,  22,  310 

marginatus,  II.,  19,  62,  188,  190 

Cedar    Creek,  three   miles  north  Lee's   Summit, 
section  on  bluffs  of,  II.,  201 

Analysis  of  Iron-ore  from,  I.,  19,  64 

Description  of.  I.,  18 

Ore-beds  at,  I.,  19 

Specular  Ore  in  Porphyry  at,  I.,  121,  122 
Celastiius,  II.,  291 
Cements,  II.,  412 

Hydraulic,  II.,  120,  125 
Central  Ore-Region,  I.,  48. 

Outlet  of,  I.,  47 

Limonites  in  the,  I.,  90 
centralls,  Zaphrentis— II.,  160 
Centre  Knob,  Cass  Co.,  II.,  9,  98,  197 
Ceplialopoda,  List  of,  II.,  419 
cerithif'ormis,  Loxonema — II.,  30,  183,  191,  203 
Chseiiomya  L.caveiiwortht-iisis,  II.,  92 
Cheetetc*   (sp.  undet.),  II.,   18,  54,  89,  90,  91,  95, 
112,  121,  126,  168,  195,  397 

Lycoperdon,  II.,  236 

milleporaceus,   II.,   32,  50,  51,  54,  56.  58,  63,  64, 
65,  70,  77,  80,  82,   144,  169,  176,  186,  187,  188, 
189,  190,  191,  192,  195.  196,  302 
Chaiii-oi-llocks,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  253,  254,  257 

Section  at,   II.,  253 

Chapel  Hill,  Lafayette  Co.,  II.,  98,  167,  197,  204 
Chaiitillj-,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  260 
C'liari  ton  Co.,  Brunswick,  II.,  146 

Coal,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 

and  Carroll  Counties,  Grand  River,  II.,  71 
Chceley's  Farm,  Lincoln  Co.,  section    at,   II., 

231 

Chemiiitzia,  II.,  160 
Clienomya  Dliiiehaha,  II.,  92,  93 
Cherry  Valley,  No.  i  Bank,  description  of,  I., 

132.  !33 

No.  2  Bank,  description  of,  I.,  151,  152 
Specular  Ore  in  Sandstone  at,  I.,  131,  132,  133 

Chert-beds,  II.,  161 

~J»illicothe,  Livingston  Co.,  II..  155,  290 

Livingston  Co.,  Vertical  Section  of  Shaft  at,  II., 

3J3»  SM.  3iS.  3J6 

Chlorite  in  Metamorphic  Limestone,  I.,  24 
Chondrlte$,  II.,  308 
Chonetes  (sp.  undet.),  II.,  13,  16,  32,  42,   51,  52, 

54,  58,  64.  65,  68,  73,  77,  80,  81,  83,  88,  89,  90, 
91,  94,  97,  too,  113,  199,  249,  252,  307,  322,  323, 
324,  348,  349,  361,  365,  381,  382,  384,  392,  399 

Flemingii,  II.,  176,  177,  180,  181,  183,  193,  194, 
201,  382,  383,  385 

granulifera,  II.,  89,  94,  120,  300,  398 


Chonetes,  hemispherica,  II.,  242 

mesoloba,  II.,  15,  18,  21,  27,  29,  32,  33,  42,  47,  48, 
5',  52>  53.  57.  64.  75,  83.  176,  178,  180,  181,  183, 
188,  189,  190,  194,  259,  297,  299,  300,  301,  306, 
310 

ornata,  II.,  159,  247,  248 
Shumardana,  II.,  38,  161 
Smithii,  II.,  51,  57,  58,  90,  92,  300,  347,  382,  384, 

395,  39.6 
Verneuiliana,  II.,  21,  22,  29,  35,  109,  117,  177,  178, 

179,  180,  183,  188,  191,  290,  333 
Chonuidere,  II.,  91 

Chouteau  Limestone,  II.,  158,  159,  160,  162 
South  of  Dresden,  II.,  160 
Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  205,  221,  222,  239,  240,  244,  245, 

246,  247,  248,  249,  250,  251,  252 
City  111  nits,  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  132,  152,  391,  394, 

399 

Coal  near,  II.,  399 

Section  at,   II.,  394 
Clark's  Coal,  Livingston  Co.,  I.,  167 ;  II.,  304 

Coal  Bank,  section  at,  II.,  303 
C'lsirk  ;oii  Bank,  I.,  179 
Clarksvllle,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  235 
Clay  from  Colberts,  Lincoln  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  38 

from  Baker's  Shaft,  Lincoln  Co.,  Analysis  of,  1., 
38  ;  II.,  288 

for  Fire-brick,  II.,  148 

Ironstone,  II.,  206 

in  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  288 

from  Lincoln  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  38 

making  fire- proof  Paint,  II.,  153 

from  Morris  Shaft,  Lincoln  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I., 
38;  II..  288 

from  Pilot  Knob,  Analysis  of,  I.,  18,  38 

Pottery,  II.,  161 
Clay  Co.,  Missouri  City,  II.,  100,  141,  325 

North  Missouri  Junction,  II.,  96,  321 

Liberty  Landing,  II.,  100,  153,  167,  319,  320,  322, 

323.  325 

Randolph,  II.,  103,  134,  141,  167,  323,  325,  414 
Harlem,  II.,  104,  320,  325 
Greenville,  II.,  324 
Bluff  in,  II.,  318 
Bnilding  Materials  in,  II.,  325 
Coal  in,  II.,  325 
Drift  in,  II.,  318 
Geology  of,  II.,  318 
Upper  Carboniferous  in,  II.,  318 


Upper  Carboniferous  in, 
Soil  of,  II.,  325 
Topography  of,  II.,  317 


Clear  Fork,  six  miles  north  of  Knob  Noster,  Car- 
bonate of  Iron  on,  II.,  206 

Coal  near,  II.,  170,  172,  173,  174,  175,  210 

Gypsum  on,  II.,  208 

Lime  on,  II.,  206 

Section  at  R.  R.  bridge  on  the,  II.,  171,  172 

Section  on  a  branch  of,  II.,  172 

Section  on,  II.,  206 

Clinton,  Lafayette  Co.,  II.,  n,  21,  143,  144,  149, 
15°,  155 

Section  at,  II.,  21 

Coal,  II.,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10,  n,  12,  15,  16,  18,  19,  20, 
21,  22,  23,  24,  25,  26,  27,  28,  29,  30,  31,  32,  33, 
34,  35,  3°,  38,  39,  4°,  4=,  43,  45,  4°,  47,  4^,  49. 
50,  Si,  52,  53,  54,  55,  56,  57,  58,  59,  60,  6l>  °2> 
63,  64,  65,  66,  67,  68,  69,  70,  71,  72,  74,  75,  76, 
77,  78,  79,  80,  81,  82,  83,  84,  85,  86,  87,  89,  90, 
92,  93,  94,  96,  99,  102,  118,  119,  121,  122,  130, 
162,  163,  164,  165,  166,  167,  168,  169,  170,  171, 
172,  173,  174,  175,  177,  J?8,  179,  l8o>  l82>  l83, 
184,  185,  187,  189,  190,  191,  193,  194,  19°,  J98, 

2O7,  2O8,  2O9,  2IO,  263,  264,  265,  266,  267,  268, 
269,  270,  271,  272,  273,  274,  275,  276,  277,  278, 
279,  280,  28l,  303,  304,  305,  306,  307,  308,  309, 

310,  325,   340,  352,  353,  354,  370,  371,  372,  373, 

374,  38S,  394,  398,  399,  4°°,  4°i 
Adam's,   II.,  187 
Andrew  Co.,  Analysis^of,  I.,  36 
Aggregate  thickness  of,  in  Mo.,  II.,  6 
Atchison  Co.,  II.,  380 
Baker's  Bank,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  268,  269 
Baker's  Bank,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36,  37  ;  II.,  270 
Bates  and  Vernon,  II.,  39 
west  of  Bear  Creek,  Plattc  Co.,  II.,  340 
Bedford,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  307 


INDEX. 


I'-oal,  near  head  of  Bee  Creek,  Buchanan  Co.,  II., 

354 

"  Bevier,"  Macoti  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 
Big  Creek,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  278 
Big  Muddy  (111. ),  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 
Blackwater,  II.,  211 
Block's  Mill,  Platte  Co.,  II.,  340 
Bohm's,  Saline  Co.,  II.,  36 
Bohm's,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36  ;  II.,  36 
Boon  Creek,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  277 
Bowman's,  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  399 
Boyce's,  II.,  208 
Brill's,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  29 
Britt's,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35  ;  II.,  30 
Brown's,  II.,  190 
Brownsville,  Pettis  Co.,  II.,  36 
Bruce's,  Johnson  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35 
Buchanan  Co.,  II.,  352 
Burdick's,  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  399 
Calhoun,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  22,  23 
Callaway  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 
Cainden,  Ray  Co.,  II.,  67 
Camden,  Analysis  of,  I.,  34  ;   II.,  67 
Cannel,  II.,  40 

Cannel,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36,  37 
Carbon  Hill,  II.,  183 
Carroll  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 
Cass  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 
Chariton  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 
City  Bluffs,  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  399 
Clark's,  Livingston  Co.,  ll.,  303 
Clear  Fork,  II.,  170,  172,  173,  174,  175,  210 
near  the  base  of  the  Coal-measures,  II.,  16 
Cocknell's  Mines,  II.,  210 
Colliers,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  300,  301,  305 
Collins,  68 

Company,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  277,  281 
Concordia,  II.,  40 

containing  Sulphur  without  Iron,  I.,  32 
Cook's,  Johnson  Co.,  II.,  34 
Cox's  Bank,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  178,  179,  304 
Davis,  II.,  55,  186 
Dean's,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  303 
Dillon's,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  26 
Dog  Creek,  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  396 
Drunert's  Farm,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  278 
Dunksburgh,  Johnson  Co.,  II.,  35 
Dunn's,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  305 
Ennis  &  Cundiff,  Lafayette  Co.,  II. ,45,  46 
Ennis  &  Cundiff,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35  ;  II.,  45 
Elkhorn,  Florida  Co.,  II.,  398 
Ewer's,  Pettis  Co.,  II.,  163 
Fairchild's,  II.,  211 
Field's  Creek,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  29 
Florida  Creek,  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  398 
Forest  City,  Holt  Co.,  II.,  130,  364,  370 
Franke's,  Lafayette  Co.,  II.,  40 
Franke's,  Lafayette  Co  ,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35;  II.,  41 
Fulton  Coal  Co.,  Callaway  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 
Cabby's,  II.,  210 
Gardner's,  Pettis  Co.,  II.,  164 
George's,  Cass  Co.,  II.,  195 
George's,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36,  37  ;   II.,  212 
Gilkenson's  Ford,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  18 
Gilla>.pie's  Mill,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  299 
Good's,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  306 
Goodson's,  II.,  61 

Goodson's,  Carroll  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36  ;  II.,  61 
Godfrey  &  Co.'s,  II.,  67,  68 
Gowdy's,  Johnson  Co.,  II.,  184 
Gowdy's,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35  ;  II.,  184 
Graham's,   II.,  40,  52,  55,  189 
Graham's,   Lafayette  Co.,  Analysis  of,   I.,  35 ; 

II-,  53 
Graham's,  Livingston  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 ; 

II.,  304. 
Graham's  Branch,  near  Lexington,  Lafayette  Co., 

H-,  53 

Gray's,  II.,  32,  33 
Grove's,  Johnson  Co.,  I.,  34 
Grove's,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35,  37 
Hall's  Station,  Buchanan  Co.,  II.,  352,  333 
Hammond's  Ford  on  the  Blackwater,   Johnson 

Co.,  II.,  190 

Harris,  Johnson  Co.,  II.,  207 
Hynie  (Miami)  Saline  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 


Coal,  Hayson's,  Ray  Co.,  I.,  34 
Heady's,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  266 
Henry  Co.,  II.,  n 
Henry  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35 
Higgins',  II.,  210 
Hines',  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  279 
Hines',  Analysis  of,  I.,  36,  37  ;  II.,  279. 
Holden,  II.,  195,  211 
Holman's,  Lafayette  Co.,  II.,  57 
Howell's,  Ray  Co.,  II.,  64 
Howell's,  Analysis  of,  I.,  34,  37  ;  II.,  64 
Hughes',  Ray  Co.,  II.,  27,  66 
Hughes',  Analysis  of,  I.,  34,  37  ;  II.,  67 
Hunton's,    two  miles  south  of   Windsor,  Henry 

Co.,  II.,  27 

Jackson's  Mill,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  18 
Jordan's,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  16,  17,  36 
Jordan's  Analysis  of,  I.,  35  ;  II.,  16,  17 
Johnson's  Bank,  II.,  267 
Johnson  Co.,  II.,  28 
Johnson  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35 
Kansas  Cily,  Jackson  Co.,  II.,  87 
Kingsley's  Creek,  Holt  Co.,  II.,  362 
Kirkham's,  II.,  71 
Knob  Nosier,  II.,  177,  181,  211,  212 
Lafayetle  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35 
Lane's,  61 
Langslon's,  II.,  178 
Lawson's,  II.,  67 

Leaton's,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  309,  310,  311 
Lexington,  47,  50,  65,  69,  71,  81 
Lexington  Coal  Co.,  II.,  55,  56 
Levis's,  Jackson  Co.,  II.,  79 
Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  263 
Lincoln  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35 
Link's,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  271 
Link's,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35,  36  ;  II.,  273,  274 
Linn's,  Chariton  Co.,  I.,  34,  72,  265 
Linn's,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36  ;  II.,  72 
Little  Blue,  Jackson  Co.,  II.,  76 
Little  Compton,  Carroll  Co.,  II.,  74 
Lillle  Compton,  Analysis  of,  1.,  36  ;  IL,  74 
Little  Sniabar,  II.,  193,  194 
Livingston  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 
Macon  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 
Marmaton  River,  II.,  39 
Martin's,  II.,  267 

Maryville  Company,  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  401 
McClellan's,  IL,  187 
Meadow's,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  263 
Meadow's,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36,  37  ;  II.,  264 
Meddlin's,  Carroll  Co.,  II.,  59 
Meddlin's,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36  ;  II.,  59 
Medicine  Creek,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  311 
Miami,  Analysis  of,  II.,  38 
Mill  Creek,  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  398 
Minersville,  II.,  170,  210 
Missouri  Bluffs,  Buchanan  Co.,  II.,  349 
Mudd's  Bank,  II.,  180,  210,  211 
Mulky,  II.,  48 
Mullen's,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  26 
Munn's,  Henry  Co.,  IL,  15,  32 
Munn's,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35  ;  II.,  15 
Munson's,  II.,  29 
Murray's  Ford,  on  the  Blackwater,  Johnson  Co., 

II.,  189 

Napoleon,  Lafayette  Co.,  II.,  58 
Neal's,  II.,  211 
Neffs,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  24,  25 
Neff's,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35  ;  II.,  25 
Nesbitt's,  Callaway  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 
Newport's,  Pettis  Co.,  II.,  165 
Newport's,  Analysis  of,  I.,  34,  36  ;  II.,  165 
Niagara  Creek,  Andrew  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 ; 

I1-,  353 

Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  402 
Nodaway  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 
Nodaway  River,  II.,  6,  398,  399 
North  Missouri  Junction,  Clay  Co.,  II.,  96,  100, 

102 

Mines,  "  North  Missouri,"  II.,  68,  69 
Oberhultz,  Ray  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  34,  37  ;  II.,  64 
Omaha  Coal  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36  :  II. ,  371 
Organ's,  II. ,  26 

Organ's,  Henry  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35;  II.,  27 
Oregon,  Holt  Co.,  II.,  372,  373 


426 


INDEX. 


Coal,  Orr's,  Johnson  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35 
Osage  Coal  Co.,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  30 
Osage  Coal  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35  ;  II.,  32 
Owen's,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  19,  20,  30,  32 
Owen's,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35  ;  II.,  20 
Owsley,  Johnson  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35 
Pacific  Mines,  Johnson   Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35, 

36,  37;  II.,  171 

Parker  &  Russell  St.  Louis  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35 
Payne's,  Lafayette  Co.,  II.,  47 
Payne's,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35;  II.,  47 
Perry's,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  308 
Pettis  Co.,  II.,  209,  210 
Pettis  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  34 
Pin  Oak,  II.,  211 
Platte  Co.,  II.,  340 
Platte  Ferry,  Platte  Co.,  II.,  114 
near  County  line  of  Platte  and  Buchanan,  II.,  121 
Pleasant  Hill,  Cass  Co.,  II.,  198 
Porter's,  II.,  35,  36 
Post  Oak,  II.,  186 
Pott's  Branch,  II.,  185,  211 
Princeton,  Mercer  Co.,  II.  298 
Quitman,  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  394,  398      ' 
"Raraey"  Bank,  II.,  179 
Ray's,  Pettis  Co.,  II.,  164,  191 
Ray  Co.,  II.,  62 
Ray  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  34 
Second  Ray  County  Mines,  II.,  68,  69 
Rees's,  Platte  Co.,  II.,  240 
Reavis's,  II.,  182,  211 
Roberts  &  Sickle's  Bank,  II.,  210 
Rock  &  Co.'s  Mines,  II.,  185 
Rudy's,  II.,  183 
Rulo,  Nebraska,  II.,  370 
Sand  Creek,  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  398,  401 
Sander's  Well,  Ray  Co.,  II.,  84,  85,  86 
Sandridge's,  Pettis  Co.,  II.,  164 
Saline  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 
Savannah,  Andrew  Co.,  II.,  92 
Slagel's  Mill,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  302 
Specific  Gravity  of,  I.,  37 
Steele's,  Col.  A.  G.,  Jackson  Co.,  II.,  78 
St.  Joseph,  Buchanan  Co.,  II.,  354 
St.  Louis  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35 
St.  Louis  Gas  Works,  low  deficiency  of,  I.,  32 
St.  Louis  Gas  Works  (Pittsburgh,  Pa.),  Analysis 

of,  I.,  36,  37 

Stone's,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  304 
Strasburgh,  Cass  Co.,  II.,  195 
Smith's,  II.,  65,  399 

*    Smith's,  Holt  Co.,  Analysis  of,  II.,  370 
Smith's,  Nodaway  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 
Smith's,  Ray  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  34 
Sugar  Creek  Lake,  Buchanan  Co.,  II.,  353,  352 
Swanwick  Hayson's,  Ray  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  34; 

II.,  71 

Swanwick,  II.,  69,  70 
Tabbo  River,  Lafayette  Co.,  II.,  43 
Tarhorst's,  II.,  211 
Tank,  Buchanan  Co.,  II.,  122 
Tapscott's,  Johnson  Co.,  II.,  190 
Tapscott's,  Analysis  of,  L,  35,  37  ;  II.  191 
Tarhorst's,  II.,  182 
Workable  thickness  of,  II.,  6 
Thompson's,  Pettis  Co.,  II.,  163 
Thurman  Tract,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  278 
Tilden,  Lafayette  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35 
Toe  String  Creek,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  308,  310, 

3" 

Tucker's,  II.,  55 
Tyler's,  II.,  19,  72 
Waddy's,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  268 
three  miles  above  Waldron,  Platte  Co.,  II.,  94 
Walnut  Creek,  II.,  174,  177 
Warrensburgh,  Johnson  Co.,  I.,  34,  184 
west  of  Warrensburgh,  II.,  190 
Waverly,  Saline  Co.,  II.,  47 
Wellington,  Lafayette  Co.,  II.,  57 
Weston,  Platte  Co.,  II.,  118,  346 
Westlake's,  II.,  165 

Westlake's,  Analysis  of,  I.,  34,  37 ;  II.,  165 
Whitfield's,  Pettis  Co.,  II.,  163 
Williamson's,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  27,  32 
Williamson's,  Analysis  of,  L,  35  ;  II.,  27 
Windsor,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  28 


Coal,  Mrs.  Wingfield's,  Johnson  Co.,  II.,  182,  211 

Wingfield's,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35,  37  ;  II.,  182 

Wurster's,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  306 

Ulffer's,  Buchanan  Co.,  II.,  354 

Ultimate  Analysis  of,  I.,  37 

Upson's,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  274 

Upson's,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36  ;  II.,  276 

Utica,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  299 

Yancton,  Nebraska,  II.,  370 

Zimmerman's,  Johnson  Co.,  II.,  184 

Zimmerman's,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35,  37 

Zoll's,  Johnson  Co.,  Analysis  of,  L,  35,  36,  37 
Coal-Measures,  Area  of  Barren,  II.,  5 

Area  of,  in  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  5 

Area  of,  in  Mo.,  II.,  5 

Area  of,  in  St.  Charles  Co.,  II.,  5 

Area  of,  in  St.  Louis  Co.,  II.,  5 

Area  of,  in  Warren  Co.,  II.,  5 

Area  and  Thickness  of  Upper,  II.,  98 

Boundary  between  Middle  and  Lower,  II.,  5 

Boundary  of,  II.,  5 

Building-Stone  of  Upper,  II.,  138 

Condensed  Vertical  Section  of,  II.,  7 

Elevation  of  above  Sea,  II.,  10 

Erosion  in,  II.,  9 

Limestone  Beds  of,  II.,  8 

Limestone,  II.,  414 

Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  220,  222,  258,  280 

Lower,  II.,  n 

Middle,  II.,  45 

Outliers  of,  II.,  5 

Sandstones,  Shales,  and  Limestones  of,  II.,  8 

Thickness  of,  II.,  6 

Thickness  of  Upper,  II.,  6 

Topography  of,  II.,  7 

Upper,  II.,  197 

Geological  Section  of,  II.,  88,  89,  90,  91,  92,  93, 

94,  95,  96,  97 

Coeknell's,  Gen.,  Coal  Mines,  II.,  210 
Coggswell's  Landing,  Section  above,  II.,  79 
Coke,  II.,  32 

from  Camden  Coal,  Analysis  of,  I.,  34 

Analysis  of  Collins',  II.,  69 
Colil  Spring  Hank,  I.,  168 
Colemaii  Bank,  I.,  168 
Collier's  Mill,  Livingston  Co.,  Coal  at',  II.,  300 

Mill,  Livingston  Co.,  Section  at,  II.,  300,  305 

Quarry,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  312 

Coal  at,  II.,  301. 

Section  at,  II.,  301 
Collin's  Bank,  description  of,  I.,  174,  189,  191 

Coal,  II.,  68 

Sandstone  quarries,  II.,  36 
Compton's  Ferry,  Carroll  Co.,  II.,  44 
Concretes,  II..  411. 
<  OIK  Julius,  Productus — II.,  385 
concent rit-u,  Astartella — II.,  183 
Concordia,  Lafayette  Co.,  II.,  40 

Coal  near,  II.,  40 

Section  at,  II.,  40 
Connecting   beds   of  the   Upper  and   Middle 

Coal-measures,  II.,  76 

Contrary  lliver,  Section  at  head  of,  II.,  346,  347 
Connlarla,  II.,  244 
Cook's,  Elijah,  Johnson  Co.,  Coal  at,  II.,  33,  34 

Section  at,  II.,  33 

Cooper,  Marble,  II.,  158,  159,  162 
Coopeiensis,  Rhynchonella— II.,  159 
topper  Bank,  Description  of,  L,  187 
Cordaitcs,  II.,  12,  18,  19,  26,  36,  43,  102,  113,  150, 
163,  164,  170,  172,  175,  179,  183,  187,  198,  299, 

3zi.  394,  395 

cornicula,  Zaphrentis — II.,  239,  242,  244 
Coriius  usplicrifolia,  II.,  291 
costatus,  Productus — II.,  18,  33,  46,  48,  51,  52,  53, 

57,  58,  64,  80,  81,  92,  93,  95,  97,  103,  106,  109, 
112,  175,  176,  177,  179,  181,  188,  189,  190,  191, 
192,  193,  194,  198,  199,  200,  201,  202,  203,  294, 
299,  301,  306,  310,  312,  319,  321,  322,  337,  338, 

339,  367 

Couts's  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  186 
Coxanns,  Aviculopecten — II.,  89,  183,  394 
Cox's  Coal,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  304 

Coal-bank,  Gypsum  at,  II.,  208 

Section  at,  II.,  178,  304 
Craig  Bank,  I.,  149 


INDEX. 


427 


Craig,  Copperas  Creek,   red  and  yellow  clay  on 

land  of,  II.,  208 
Crane  Bunk,  I.,  179 

crassus,  Bellerophon — II.,  91,  96,  198,  203,  392 

Hemipronites — II.,  21,  30,  51,  52,  53,  57,  58,  61, 
64,  68,  77,  8 1,  88,  89,  go,  91,  92,  93,  94,  96,  97, 
100,  103,  106,  107,  108,  113,  116,  117,  121,  123, 
129,  130,  132,  178,  180,  183,  190,  192,  194,  196, 
199,  200,  201,  294,  300,  306,  322,  323,  333,  335, 

348,  350,  363,  364,  368,  395,  396.  397,  398,  4°° 
Creder  Bunk,  I.,  191 

cribrosum,  Orthoceras — II.,  27,  30,  46,  61,  89, 
94,  95,  97,  103,  109,  118,  177,  178,  180,  181, 
183,  187,  191,  199,  397 

Criiioideae,  II.,  13,  16,  160,  161,  199,  303,  393,  396, 

397,  39s 
C'ri  iioid.  Arms  of,  II.,  193 

Stems,  II.,  13,  15,  42,  46,  47,  48,  49,  51,  52, 
57,  58,  62,  65,  70,  75,  77,  78,  79,  80,  81,  88,  90, 
91,  92,  93,  94,  95,  97,  100,  108,  109,  117,  130,  160, 
178,  180,  181,  183,  187,  188,  190,  192,  196,  198, 
199,  252,  300,  302,  308,  320,  322,  323,  334,  348, 

349,  352,  36li  38o,  381,  382,  383,  384,  385,  396, 
397,  4°° 

Criiioidttl  Limestone,  II.,  167 
Crooked  River,  Section  at,  II.,  65. 
Crustacea,  List  of,  II.,  420 
Crystalite,  II.,  252 
Ctenacanthus,  ![.,  89,  396,  397. 
C'uivrc,  Section  %  mile  from  Bluffs,  on,  II.,  261 
Combustion  Furnace,  I.,  32 
curt  us,  Schizodus — II.,  88,  131,  362 
Cutlibertsoii's  Bank,  Magnetites  at,  I.,  123 

Manganiferous  Specular  Ore  at,  I.,  123 

Iron-ore,  Analysis  of,  I.,  39 

— Buford  Hill,  description  of,  I.,  20 

fine-grained  rocks  at,   I.,  21 

Tract,  Analysis  of  Manganese  Ore  from,  I.,  21, 
39,  65 

Tract,  Analysis  of  Specular  Ore  from,  I.,  21 
Cyatliuxoiiiii  prolifera,  II.,  183 
Cyatliopliyllum  rugo-nnu,  II.,  242 
cylindriea,   Fusulina — II.,  32,  46,  49,  50,  51,  52, 
57,   58,  60,  63,  77,  79,  82,  88,  89,  90,  91,  92,  93, 
94,   118,   119,   120,   121,   123,  129,  130,  169,  176, 
186,   187,   188,   189,  190,  191,  192,  195,  196,  301, 
3°2>   33i,  347>   348,  349,  352,  363.-  367,  392,  396, 
397,  398 

Dalmuma,  II.,  239,  240 
Daviess  Co.,  Gallatin,  II.,  98,  146,  153,  167,  203 

Winston,  II.,  151,  154 

Patteosburgh,  II.,  154 
Davis',  Elijah,  Section  at,  II.,  197 
D;i  vis's  Coal,  Lafayette  Co.,  II.,  55 

Analysis  of,  II.,  55 

Quarry,  Coal  at,  II.,  186 
Deal  Bunk,  Description  of,  I.,  178,  179 
Dean's,  Wm.,  Coal  Bed,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  303, 

3°4 

tlecoratus,  Nautilus — II.,  61 
f'eltoidea,  Leptcena — II.,  233,  234,  236 
delpliinitoliu.  Viola — II.,  291 
i>cnudation  of  Sandstone,  II.,  73 
Deposits    of  Specular  Ore  in  Porphyry,  general 

description  of,  I.,  94,  95,  96,  97,  98,  99 
dcprcssa,  Pleurotomaria — II.,  178,  181 

Strophomena — II.,  244 

Descriptive  List  of  Building-Rocks,  Lime,  Hy- 
draulic Limestones,  and  Fire  Clays,  II.,  138 
of  Upper  Coal-measure  Building-Stone,  II.,  139 
of  Paint-Beds,  Clays,  Ores,  etc.,  II.,  149 
destructor,  Petalodus — II.,  95,  109 
De  Witt,  Carroll  Co.,  II.,  44,  143 
Digg'-s  Mill,  Upper  Trenton,  at,  II.,  238 
Dillon's,  Tho's,  Henry  Co.,  Section  at,  II.,  25,  26 

Coal  at,  II.,  26 
Dinger  Batik,  I.,  179 
diplotigioides,  Lepidodendron — II.,  170 
Disciiiii  (sp.  undet.),  II.,  21,  33,  45,  48,  60,  61,  83, 

89,  150,  199,  300,  306,  319,  340,  394,  397 
Missouriensis,  II.,  29,  32,  51,  53,  61,  178,  180,  183, 

187,  189,  190 
Disturbed  Deposits  of  Specular  Ore,  description 

of,  I.,  149 

Dog  Crt-ek,  Xodaway  Co.,  Section  on,  II.,  393,  395 
Coal  near,  II.,  396 


Dolomite,   Minerals  in,  I.,  8 

Characteristics  of,  I..  5,  6,  7 

Analysis  of,  I.,  6,  7 

from  Mace's  Quarry,  Analysis  of,  I.,  6 
Donohoe's  Ford,  on  Little  Blue,  Jackson  Co., 

II. ,76 

Dorey  Bank,  I.,  167 
Dresden,  Pettis  Co.,  II.,  157,  159,  160,  165,  205,  206 

Chouteau  Limestone  south  of,  II.,  160 

Potters'  Clay  near,  II.,  206 
Drift  in  Clay  Co.,  II.,  318 

Atchison  Co.,  II.,  379 

in  Holt  Co.,  II.,  361 

in  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  292 

in  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  390 

in  Platte  Co.,  II.,  329 
Drifted  Deposits  of  Specular  Ore,  description  of, 

I.,  160,  161 

Druiiert's  Coal,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  278 
Dniiksburgli,  Johnson  Co.,  II.,  34,  35,  36 

Coal  at,  II.,  35 

Dunn  Bank,  Raph,  description  of,  I.,  171,  172 
Dunn's  Coal,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  305 
East  and  West  Pin  Oak,  Section  at  Junc- 
tion of,  II.,  192 

Eastern  Ore  District,  Outlet  of,  I.,  47,  48 
East  Fork,  Clay  Co.,  Section  at,  II.,  323 
Echiiiodermala,  List  of,  II.,  416 
Ertwarfls'  Mill,  Section  near,  II.,  49 
Edinburgh,  Grundy  Co.,  II.,  295 
Edmoiidia    (sp.  undet.),  II.,  27,   57,   88,  91,  97, 

"4,  131,  337,  338>  398 

glabra?  II.,  30 

Hauni,  II.,  109 

Nebrascensis,  II.,  89,  96,  332,  397,  398,  400,  401 

reflexa,  II.,  92,  96,  106,  400 

unioniformis,  II.,  95,  112,  187 
elegaits,  Prothyris — II.,  89,  397,  401 
ellipticus,  Bellerophon— II.,  91 
Ellis's  Farm,  South  Branch,  Lincoln  Co.,  Sec- 
tion at,  II.,  229 

Elkhorn,  Florida  Co.,  Coal  near,  II.,  398 
Elm  Creek,  Fossils  at,  II.,  13 

Hollow  Bank,  Analysis  of  Limonite  from,  I.,  43 

Description  of,  I.,  187 
elongata,  Subulites— II.,  236 
Embree  &  Proctor,  Section  at,  II.,  78 
Eiicriiiital  Limestone,  I.,  175,  187  ;  II.,  13, 

J4>  B^,  38,  222,  246,  248,  249,  25O,  251,  252,  266, 
267,  269,  271,  273,  275,  276,  277,  279,  284,  286, 
287,  288 

Enilis  &  Cundiff  Coal,  Lafayette  Co.,  Analy- 
sis of,  I.,  35  ;  II.,  45 

near  Mulky  Creek,  II.,  45 
Eiitolium   aviculatum,    II.,    88,  91,  95,  96,   106, 

112,  129,  131,  302,  362,  364,  399,  400 
Epidote  in  Porphyry,  I.,  5 
Equisetacene,  II.,  186 
Eumicrotis  (sp.  undet.),  II.,  199,  338,  399 

sinuata,  II.,  198 
Enompiiulus  (sp.  undet.),  II.,  160 

latus,  II.,  13,  160 

rugosus,   II.,  57,  88,  96,   97,  106,  199,  299,  302, 

362,  383,  386,  394,  400 
Ewer's  Coal,  Pettis  Co.,  II.,  163 

Iron  Pyrites  at,  II.,  208 
Farley,  Platte  Co.,  II.,  114,  154,  335 

Section  near,  II.,  114 

Section  one  mile  above,  II.,  115 

Section  one  and  one-half  miles  S.E.  of,  II.,  341 
FaircUild's  Coal,  II.,  211 
Fenestella  (undet.  sp.),  II.,  249,  252,  255,  256 

Shumardi,  II.,  95 

fcrratus,  Nautilus — II',  30,  95,  203,  299 
Ferguson  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  162,  163 
Ferruginous  Sandstone,  I.,  169 

in  Buchanan  Co.,  II.,  351,  352,  354 

in  Henry  Co.,  II.,  n,  12 

in  Lincoln  Co.,  257,  258,  259.  285 
Ferry  Landing,  Section  west  of,  II.,  53 
Field's  Creek,  Henry  Co.,  Coal  along,  II.,  29 
Fistulipora  (sp.  undet.),  II.,  126,  128,  366 

nodulifera,  II.,  88,  89,  90,  91,  92,  93,  95,  96,  103, 

112,  132,  320,  363,  367,  393,  397,  398 
ficoides,  Stigmaria — II.,  12,  22,  25,  38,  49,  62,  71, 
*63,  171.  184 


428 


INDEX. 


Fitzwater  Bank,  Description  of,  L,  164,  165 
Fire-proof  Paint  Clay,  making.  II.,  153 
Fire  Brick,  Clays  suitable  for,  II.,  148 
Fire  Clay  in  Johnson  Co.,  II.,  206 

in  Pettis  Co.,  II.,  206 
Fishes,  List  of,  II.,  420 
Flagstone,  II.,  36 

Beds  of  Brownsville,  II.,  15 
Fleming!!,  Chonetes— II.,  176,  177,  180,  181,  183, 

J93.  »94>  201,  382,  383,  385 
Productus — II.,  13,  161 
Florida  Creek,   Nodaway  Co.,  Coal  near,  II., 

398 
Forbes,  Section  at,  II.,  127,  128 

Holt  Co.,  Section  one  mile  above,  II.,  366 
Forbcsi,  Spirifer— II.,  13 
Ford  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  177,  178 
Forest  City,  Holt  Co..  II.,  129,  130,  131,  132,  133, 
134,  i39»  142,  M5.  M8,  152.  361,  363,  364,  365, 
369,  374 

Coal  near,  II.,  364,  370,  374 
Section  at,  II.,  129 
Building-Stone  near,  II.,  139 
Section  one  and  one-half  miles  above,  II.,  362 
Section  one  and  one-half  miles  below,  II.,  363 
Section  at  lower  end  of,  II.,  363 
Section  at  upper  end  of,  II.,  363 
Section  on  Sedgwick  and  Took's  land,  one  and 

one-half  miles  below,  II.,  364 
Formations  along  and  near  the  Nodaway  River, 

Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  396 

Fort  L.yon,  Benton  Co.,  Section  at,  II.,  12 
Fort  Spring,  Section  at,  II.,  236,  237,  288 
Fossils  from  Limestone  No.  47,  Lafayette  Co.,  II., 

T93 
from  the  Coal-measure  of  Missouri,   List  of,  II., 

416 

Francis  Bank,  I.,  179 
Franke's   Coal,  Lafayette  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I., 

35  ;II.,  41 
Section  at,  II.,  40 
Franklin  C'o.  Limonites,  Analysis  of,  I.,  89,  90 

Specular  Ores,  description  of,  I.,  68 
Frost  Bank,  I.,  168 
Fucoids,  II.,  299 
fill-old,  Chondrites— II.,  308 
Fulton  Coal  Co.  Coal,  Callaway  Co.,  Analysis 

of,  I.,  36 

Furnace  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  183,  184 
FUSII li  11  a    (undet.  sp.),   II.,  51,  52,  53,  54,  53,  59, 
62,  65,  79,  80,  83,  go,  97,  123,  125,  126,  127,  128, 
145,   168,  194,   195,  319,  334,  338,  346,  350,  361, 
364,  367,  368,  380,  381,  383,  384,  392,  393 
cylindrica,   II.,  32,  46,  49,  50,  51,  52,  57,  58,  60, 
°3,  77,  79,  82,  88,  89,  90,  91,  92,  93,  94,  118,  119, 
120,  121,   123,   129,  130,  169,  176,  186,  187,  188, 
189,   190,   191,  192,  195,  196,  301,  302,  331,  347, 
348,  349,  352,  363,  367,  392,  396.  397,  398 
Gabby's,  Coal  at,  I.,  210 
Galena  in  Dolomite,  I.,  8 

with  "mineral  blossom,"  in  residuary  clay  depo- 
sits, I.,  13 

Gallut  iti,  Daviess  Co.,  II.,  98,  146,  153,  167,  203 
Garner's  Coal,  Pettis  Co.,  II.,  164 
Gasconade  and  Miller  County  District  Specular 

Ore,  Analysis  of,  I.,  84,  85 
General  Section  of  Atchison  Co.,  II.,  379 
of  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  293,  294 
of  Platte  Co.,  II.,  329,  330,  331 
of  the  Middle  Coal-measures,  II.,  82 
along  the  Pacific  R.  R.,  II.,  167-169 
of  Upper  Coal-measures,   II.,  88,  89,  90,  91,  92, 
_,        93,  94,  95,  96,  97 
Gentiana  puberula,  II.,  377 
Geographical  Arrangement  of  Ore  Districts,  I., 

48,  49 

Geology  of  Atchison  Co.,  II.,  378 
of  Buchanan  Co.,  II.,  346 
of  Clay  Co.,  II.,  318 
of  Holt  Co.,  II.,  360 
ot" Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  217 
of  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  290 
of  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  389 
Geological  Section  of  Upper  Coal-measures, 

II.,  88,  89,  go,  91,  92,  93,  94,  95,  96,  97 
George's  Coal,  Cass  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36,  37 


George's  Coal,  Specific  Gravity  of,  I.,  37 
for  Coke,  I.,  32 
Coal  near,  II.,  196 
Section  at,  II.,  196 

Georgetown,  Pettis  Co.,  II.,  159,  160,  205 
Burlington  Limestone-beds,  near,  II.,  205 
Section  north  of,  II.,  161 
gibbosa,  Monoptera— II.,  92,  199 
gigas,  Isotelus— II.,  239 
Gilkinson's  Ford,  Section  at,  II.,  17 
Gillaspic's  Mill,  Livingston  Co.,  Section  at,  II., 

298 

Coal  at,  II.,  298 

Gilem's  Coal,  Johnson  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35,  37 
Gilinan  Bunk,  Description  of,  I.,  190 
glabra,  Edmondia — II.,  30 
Glass-sand.  Analysis  of,  II.,  289 

in  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  289 
Glauconomc,  II.,  12 
globulosux,  Goniatites — II.,  199 
Godfrey  &  Co.'s  Coal,  II.,  67,  68 
Specific  Gravity  of,  I.,  37 
Analysis  of,  I.,  34,  36 
Gonioceras  anceps,  II  ,  233 
Goniatites  (Sp.  undet.),  II.,  48,  61,  83,  88,  89,90, 

92,  in,  178,  179,  189,  339,  400 
globulosus,  II.,  199 
Hathawayanus,  II.,  61, 182,  183 
planorbiformis,  II.,  61 
Good's,  Section  at,  II.,  306 
Goodson's  Coal,  Carroll  Co.,  II.,  61 
Analysis  of,  I.,  36 
Section  at,  II.,  61 
Goiidy's  Coal,  Johnson  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35 

Specific  Gravity  of,  I.,  37 
Gover  Bank,  I.,  173,  174,  189 
Gowdy's  Coal,  II.,  184 

Analysis  of,  II.,  184 
Grady's  Knob,  Lafayette  Co.,  II.,  9 

Measurements  at,  II.,  82 
Gray,  Johnson  Co.,  Section  at,  II.,  32 

Coal,  II.,  32,  33 
Graham,  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  390,  396 

Branch,  Section  near  Hemp  Warehouse  on,  II., 

54 

Section  at,  II.,  52,  53,  299 
Coal,  II.,  40,  52,  55,  189 
Coal,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35,  36  ;  II.,  53 
Mills,  Livingston  Co.,  Analysis  of  Coal  from,  II., 

3^4 

graiidiflora,  Pentstemon— II.,  377 
grauosa,  Allorisma  (Sedgwickia) — II.,  88,  92,  129, 

131,  335,  349,  362 

Grand  Cliuriion,  Sandstone  at,  II.,  44 
Grand    Kiver,  Chariton  and  Carroll  Counties, 

II.,  71 

Section  on,  II.,  73,  74 
Granites.  II.,  410 

Granite,  Red,  at  Gov.  Brown's  Quarry,  I.,  9 
gvanulifera,  Chonetes— II.,  89,  94,  120,  300,  358 
Gray  villeiisi-,  Pleurotomaria— II.,  180,  187,  191 

Bellerophon — II.,  332 

Greenton,  Lafayette  Co.,  II.,  56,  98,  167 
Greenville,  Clay  Co.,  II.,  324 
Greenwell  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  189 
Greenwood,  Jackson  Co.,  II.,  141,  148,  167,  201, 

204 

Building-Stone  near,  II.,  141 
gregaria,  Atrypa— II.,  244 
Grindstones  in  Holt  Co.,  II.,  374 
Grimesii,  Spirifer— II.,  i6o 
Grissom  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  192 
Grovcr  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  135,  136 
Groves  Coal,  Johnson  Co.,  I.,  34 
Analysis  of,  I.,  35,  37 
Specific  Gravity  of,  I.,  37 
Gruiidy  Co.,  Trenton,  II.,  153,  156,  295 

Edinburgh,  II.,  295 
Gun  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  186 
Gwiii's    Creek,    Lincoln   Co.,  P'irst  Magnesian 

Limestone,  along,  II.,  227,  230 
Gypsum,  II.,  34,  156,  208 
Haley's  Bank,  Iron  Pyrites  at,  II.,  208 
Hull's  Briflge,  Atchison  Co.,  Section  one-quar 

ter  of  a  mile  above,  II.,  381 
Hall  Bank,  I.,  167 


INDEX. 


429 


Hall's   Station,  Buchanan  Co.,  Coal  near,  II. 

352,  353 

Hamurignt's,  Section  near,  II.,  79 
Hamilton    Group,  Lincoln  Co.,    II.,  221,  240 

243,  244,  245,  247 
Hammond'*  Ford,  on  the  Blackwater,  Johnson 

Co.,  Coal  at,  II.,  190 
Section  at,  II.,  190 
Hancock  Bank,  I.,  149 
Hannibal  and   St.  ^os.  R.  R.,  Livingston 

Co.,  Section  on,  II.,  293 
Buchanan  Co.,  Section  on,  II.,  350 
Hardwick's  Mill,  Section  at,  II.,  60 
Harlem,  Clay  Co.,  II.,  104,  320,  325,  414 

Section  opposite,  II.,  103,  104 
Harris's  Coal,  Johnson  Co.,  II.,  207 
Harrison  Co.,  Bethany,  II.,  167,  203 
Harrisonville,  Cass  Co.,  II.,  9,  98,  167,  197 
Hathawayanus,  Goniatites — II.,  61,  182,  183 
Hauni,  Edmondia— II.,  109 
Hayes'  Bank,  I.,  167 
Haynie  (Miami)  Coal,  Saline  Co.,  Analysis  of, 

I.,  36 

Hayson's  Coal,  Ray  Co.,  I.,  34 
Heavy  Spar,  II.,  208,  209,  282 
at  Amos's,  Jackson  Co.,  II.,  209 
at  Parker's  Quarry,  II.,  209 
at  Pleasant  Hill,  II.,  209 
Heady's  Bank,  Lincoln  Co.,  Coal  at,  II.,  266 

Quarry,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  286 
Helicina,  II.,  212,  346 
Helix,  II.,  346,  360 
Hcliophyllum.  II.,  244 
Hematite  from  Beaver  Branch,  Analysis  of,   I., 

42,  43 

Brown,  II.,  24,  43,  44 
Analysis  of,  I.,  43 

from  Iron  Ridge,  Analysis  of,  I.,  42 
from  Meramec  Mine,  Analysis  of,  I.,  42 
from  Orchard  Bank,  Analysis  of,  I.,  42 
Red,  I.,  145;  II.,  23 
Red,  Analysis  of  a  Bowlder  of,  I.,  38 
Red,  Analysis  of,  I.,  42 
Red  and  Specular  Ores,  Analyses  of,  I.,  42 
Red,  description  of,  I.,  51 
Red,  Callaway  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  86 
Red,  Callaway  Co.,  I.,  85,  86 
Red,  in  Missouri,  I.,  46 

in  St.  Clair  and  Henry  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  86 
Subcarboniferous,  I.,  47 
in  Upper  Osage  District,  I.,  46 

liemipiicata     Syntrilasma — II.,  88,  91,  92,  95, 
113,  119,  121,  129,  132,  333,  334,  362,  364,  381, 
S82,  383,  385,  386,  394,  400 
Hemiprouites,   (sp.  undet),  II.,  65,  94,  95,  97, 

126,  130,  306,  348,  395,  398 

crassus,  II.,  21,  30,  51,  52,  53,  57,  58,  61,  64,  68, 
77,  81,  88,  89,  90,  91,  92,  93,  94,  96,  97,  100,  103, 
106,   107,    108,  113,  116,  117,  121,  123,  129,  130, 
132,   178,   180,  183,  190,  192,  194,  196,  199,  200, 
201,  294,  300,  306,  322,  323,  333,  335,  348,  350, 
363.  364,  368,  395,  396,  397,  398,  400 
umbraculum,  II.,  161 
hemispherica,  Chonetes— II.,  242 
hemisphericus,  Scaphlocrinus— II.,  89,  97,  132, 

393.  396 

Henderson  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  175,  176 
Henry  Co.,  Windsor,  II.,  n,  28,  32,  155 
Calhoun,  II.,  n,  14,  22,  30,  147,  149 
Clinton,  II.,  n,  21,  143,  144,  149,  150,  155 
Leesville,  II.,  12 
Lucas,  II.,  168 
Coal,  II.,  n 
Coal,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35 
Hematites,  Analysis  of,  I.,  86 
Section  in,  II.,  n,  25 
Higgins's  Coal  Mines,  II.,  210 
Hines'  Coal,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36,  37 ;  II.,  279 

Section  at,  II.,  179 

Higgiiinotham's,  Ochre  at,  II.,  207 
Hinman's  Land,  one  mile  below  Hall's  Station, 

Buchanan  Co.,  Section  on,-  II.,  352 
Hog uii  Mountain,  Specular  Ore  in  Porphyry 

at,  I.,  124 
Holden,  Johnson  Co.,  II.,  165,  191,  194,  205,  207, 

211 


Holden,  Coal  near,  II.,  195,  211 
Zinc-blende  at,  II.,  208 
Section  west  of,  II.,  194 
Holman's,  Section  at,  II.,  56,  57 
Holt  Co.,  Forest  City,  II.,  129,  130,  131,  132,   133, 
'34,   139.   142,  145,  148,  152,  361,  362,  363,  364, 
365,  369,  374 

Oregon,  II.,  148,  371,  374 
Bluff  in,  II.,  360 
Bluff  Knobs  in,  II.,  275 
Coal  in,  370 
Drift  in,  II.,  361 
Geology  of,  II.,  360 
Grindstones  in,  II.,  374 
Quaternary  in,  II.,  360 
Quarries  of  Limestone  in,  II.,  374 
Red  Clay  in,  II.,  374 
Soil  of,  II.,  274 

Streams  and  Springs  in,  II.,  360 
Timber  in,  II.,  274 
Timber  and  Prairie  in,  II.,  359 
Topography  of,  II.,  359 
Upper  Carboniferous  in,  II.,  361 
Howe's  (now  Dobbs's)  Q,uarry,  II.,  205 
How  ell's    Coal,  Ray  Co.,   Analysis  of,   I.,   34, 

37  ;  II.,  64 

Specific  Gravity  of,  I.,  37 
Hudgcon's  Bank,  I.,  168 
Hudson.  River  Group,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  217, 

223,  239,  240,  241,  243,  286 
Huff's,  Metamorphic  Limestone  at,  I.,  24 
Hughes',  I.  S.,  Coal,  II.,  66 

Coal,  Ray  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  34,  37  ;  II.,  67 
Specific  Gravity  of,  I.,  37 
Mine,  Section  of  Shaft  at,  II.,  66 
Section  at,  II.,  33 

Humphrey's  Iron-ore,  Analysis  of,  I.,  38 
Hurricane  Creek,  Section  at,  II.,  233,  234 
Hutchins   Creek   Bank,    Description  of,    I. 

166 

Huzzali  Bank,  I.,  167 
Hydraulic  Limestones,  II.,  138,  145 

Lincoln  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  37 
Hycr  Bank,  I.,  168 

Hymenophyllites  adnascens,  II.,  97,  175,  197 
Hint- 11  us,  II.,  236 
Indian   Creek  Bank,    Analysis  of   Limonite 

from,  I.,  43 
Description  of,  I.,  186 
Independence,   Jackson  Co.,    II.,   76,  95,  146, 

153.  167 

fllhabilis,  Macrocheilus — II.,  109 
inornata,  Polyphemopsis— II.,  30,  88,  131,  199, 

364 

Iowa  Point,  Kansas,  Section  at,  II.,  132,  133 
Iron,   Carbonate  of,   I.,  146;   II.,  12,  17,  18,  20,  39, 
60,  78,  88,  116,  121,  129,  131,  132,  150,  151,  152, 
155,  206,  341 
Iron  Co.  Limestones,  Analysis  of,  I.,  38 
Irondale,  Analysis  of  Pig-irons  from,  I.,  43,  44 

Banks,  Description  of,  I.,  179 
Iron  Hill,  Description  of,  I.,  180,  181 
Iron  Mountain,  decomposed  Porphyry  at,  I., 

12 

Description  of  deposits  of  Specular  Ore  in  Por- 
phyry at,  I.,  99,  loo,  101,  102,   103,  104,  105, 
106,  107,  108,  109 
District,  I.,  46 
Structure  of,  I.,  10 
Ore,  Analysis  of,  I.,  40,  54,  55 
Ore,  Description  of,  I.,  52,  53,  54,  55,  56 
Pig-iron,  Analysis  of,  I.,  43 
Specular  Ore  district,  I.,  47 
Iron-Ore  in  Atchison  Co.,  II.,  385 

from  Buford  Mountain,  Analysis  of,  I.,  22,  23,  65 
between  3oth  and  4oth  Township  lines,  I.,  45,  46 
in  Callaway  Co.,  workable,  I.,  45 
from  Cedar  Hill,  Analysis  of,  I.,  19,  64 
in  Coal-measures,  II.,  16,  22,  24,  70,  149 
Specular,  on  Cuthbertson  tract,  I.,  21 
from  Cuthbertson's,  Analysis  of,  I.,  39 
Distribution  of,  in  Iron  Mountain,  I.,  10,  n,  iz 
Description  of,  I.,  50 
Description  of  deposits,  I.,  93 
in  Franklin  Co.,  I.,  45 
General  distribution,  I.,  45 


430 


INDEX. 


Iron-Ore,  from  Iron  Mountain,  Analysis  of,  I.,  53 

Humphrey's,  Analysis  of,  I.,  ^38 

from  Lewis  Mountain,  Analysis  of,  I.,  64,  65 

Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  281,  282,  283,  284,  285 

from  Lincoln  Co.,  Partial  Analysis  of,  I.,  38 

and  their  Localities,  List  of,  I.,  193 — 214 

in  Lower  Coal-measures,  II.,  n 

of  Missouri,  Occurrence  of,  I.,  45,  46,  47,  48 

from  Morris's  Shaft.  Partial  Analysis  of,  I.,  38 

on  Morris  Tract,  Lincoln  Co.,  Analysis  of,  II., 
282,  284 

from  Murphrey's,  Analysis  of,  I.,  38 

Modes  of  Occurrence,  I.,  93 

Specular,  in  Crawford,  Phelps,  and  Dent  Coun- 
ties, I.,  46 

on  the  Ozarks,  I.,  13 

at  Pilot  Knob,  I.,  15,  16,  20 

east  of  Pilot  Knob,  I.,  20 

bed,  shape  of,  at  Pilot  Knob,  I.,  17 

from  Pilot  Knob,  Analysis  of,  I.,  58 

in  Porphyry,  I.,  19 

Residuary  Deposits  of,  in  the  Porphyry  region, 
I.,  8,  10 

from  Shepherd's  Mountain,  Analysis  of,  I.,  62,  63 

from  Steelville  district,  Analysis  of,  I.,  72 
Iron,  Oxide  of,  II.,  38,  123,  149 

Pig,  Analysis  of,  I.,  43 

pyrites,  I.,  5  ;  II.,  194,  208 

"Spathic,"  II.,  206 

Ironstone,  II.,  18,  21,  22,  23,  43,  206 
Iron   Ridge  Bank,  No.    i,  description  of,  I., 
142,  143,  144 

Rocks  at,  I.,  142 

Section  of  Deposit  at,  I.,  143 

No.  2  Bank,  description  of,  I.,  167 

Analysis  of  Hematite  from,  I.,  142 

Specular  Ores,  I.,  78,  79,  80 

Specular  Ores,  Analysis  of,  I.,  79 
Isabella  Bank,  I.,  167 
Isotelns,  II.,  240 

gigas,  II.,  239 
Jackson  Co., 

Blue  Mills,  II.,  76,  86,  98 

Donohoe's  Ford  on  Little  Blue,  II.,  76 

Sibley,  II.,  77,  78,  79,  80,  82 

Coggswell  Landing,  II.,  79 

Kansas  City,  II.,  76,  86,  87,  95,  105,  107,  108, 
134,  140,  141,  146,  155,  157,  166,  167,  203,  204, 
212,  414 

Westport,  II.,  94 

Independence,  II.,  76,  95,  146,  153,  167 

Greenwood.  II.,  141,  148,  167,  201,  204 

Lone  Jack,  II.,  142,  167,  203,  414 

Oak  Grove,  II.,  154 

Lee's  Summit,  II.,  201 
Jackson's  Mill,  Henry  Co.,  Coal  at,  II.,  18 

Section  at,  II.,  18 
James'  Bunk,  Description  of,  I.,  146,  147 

Fork,  II.,  15 

Pipe  Ore  Bank,  I.,  168 

Jamison  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  155,  156,  157 
Jasper  with  Manganese  in  Porphyry,  I.,  27 
Jatan,  Platte  Co.,  II.,  119,  120,  134,  152,  327,  331 

Section  one  and  one-half  miles  above,   II.,  119, 

120 

Johnson's  Bank,  Coal  at,  II.,  267 
Johnson  Co., 

Dunksburgh,  II.,  34,  35 

Warrensburgh,  II.,  41,  43,  144,  149,  166,  184,  186, 
190,  205,  206,  207,  211 

Murray's  Ford  (Blackwater),  II.,  189 

Kings ville,  II.,  98 

Knob  Noster,  II.,  147,  149,  152,  154,  166,  168, 
169,  171,  172,  176,  180,  205,  206,  207,  208,  209, 
211 

Holden,  II.,  165,  191,  194,  205,  207,  211 

Coal  on  the  edge  of,  II.,  29 

Coal,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35 

Fire  Clay  in,  II.,  206 

Section  on  edge  of,  II.,  28 

Jones's  Point,  Holt  Co.,  Section  at,  II.,  360 
Jordans,  C.  B.,  Henry  Co.,  Coal  at,  II.,  16,  36 

Analysis  of,  II.,  17,  35 

Kansas  City,  Jackson  Co.,  II.,  76,  86,  87,  95, 
105,  107,  108,  134,  140,  141,  146,  155,  157,  166, 
167,  203,  204,  212,  414 


Kansas  City,  Building-Stone  near,  II.,  140,  141 
Section  of  the  Boring  at,  II.,  86 
Sections  at,  II.,  105,  202 
Section  opposite  Fort  Scott  Depot  at,  II.,  106, 

Kansas  River,  Sand  from,  II.,  206 
Kansaseasis,  Bellerophon— II.,  88,  90,  91,  93.  94, 
118,  123,  183,  350,  394,  400 

Myalina — II.,  95.  96,  97,  100,  103,  no,  198,  320, 

322 
Kelly  Bank,  Description  of.  I.,  158,  159 

No.  2  Bank,  description  of,  I.,  167,  168 
Kentuckensis,  Spiriferina— II.,  27,  70,  89,  91,  92, 
94,  96,  97,  103,  106.  107,  112,  113,  118,  126,  127, 
177,  178,  180,  181,  183,  186,  187,  188,  191,  193, 
198,  200,  201,  202,  294,  301,  324,  333,  334,  367, 
381,  396 
Keokuk  Limestone,  II.,  16 

Spirifer — II.,  13 
King's  Hill,  Section  at,  II.,  123 

Mill,  Atchison  Co.,  Section  at,  II.,  383 
Kingston,  Caldwell  Co..  II.,  98 
Kingsley's  Creek,  Holt  Co.,  Coal  at,  II..  362 
Kiligsville,  Johnson  Co.,  II.,  98 
Kirtly's  Q,uarry,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  97 

Section  at,  II.,  295 
Kirkham's  Coal,  II.,  71 
Knight  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  172,  173 
Knob  IVoster,  Johnson  Co.,   II.,   147,   149,  152. 
154,  166,  168,  169,  171,  172,  176,  180,  205,  206, 
207,  208,  209,  211 

Coal  near,  II.,  177,  181,  211 

Quarries,  Sandstone  from,  II.,  205 

Section  near,  II.,  172,  176,  180,  181 
Kunckcl's,  on  Nicholl's  Creek,  Holt  Co.,  Section 

at,  II.,  368,  371,  372,  373 

Laban  Parks,  Henry  Co.,  Section  at,  II.,  23 
Laclede  Bank,  I.,  189 
Lafayette  Co.,  Concordia,  II.,  40 

Aullville,  II.,  41,  46,  47,  52,  143,  147,  155 

Berlin,  II.,  42,  43 

Lexington,  II.,  46,  50,  53,  55,  57,  147,  168,  169, 
192,  193 

Wellington,  II.,  57,  80,  98 

Sniabar,  II.,  80,  169 

Napoleon,  II.,  58,  80,  82,  147 

Chape!  Hill,  II.,  98,  167,  197,  204 

Greenton,  II.,  56,  98,  167 

Waverly,  II.,  47,  48,  147 

Coal,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35 

Fossil  from  Limestone  No.  47  of.  II.,  193 
Lamb  Bank,  Description  of,  I. ,'133,  134 

Specular  Ore  in  Sandstone  at,  I.,  133,  134 
Lamellabranchiata,  List  of,  II.,  417 
l.n  m  i  n<    Bank,  1.,  174 
Lamonte,  Pettis  Co.,  II.,  163,  164,  165,  166,  205 

Potters'  Clay  at,  II.,  206 
Lane's  Coal,  II.,  61 
Lander's  Q,uarry,  II.,  121 
Langston's  Coal,  II.,  178 

Section  on  Land  of,  II.,  177,  178 
lat  us,  Euomphalus — II.,  160 
Lawson  Coal  Mines,  II.,  67 
Lucas,  Lafayette  Co.,  II.,  168 
Lead,  II.,  77,  237,  285 

Carbonate  of,  in  residuary  Clay  Deposits,  I.,  13 

Ore  Deposits  in  Dolomite,  I.,  8 
Leaton's,  Section  at,  I.,  75,  309 
Leavenworthcnsis,  Cha;nomya — II.,  92 
Leda,  Owenii,  II.,  93,  118,  332 
Leeds  Hill  Bank,  I.,  191 
Leesville,  II.,  12 

Section  northwest  of,  II.,  13 
Lee's  Summit,  Jackson  Co.,  II.,' 201 
Lenox  Bank,  I.,  167 

Lepidodeiidron    (sp.   undet.},   II.,   18,   19,  26, 
170,  171,  182,  193 

diplotegioides,  II.,  170 

lepiflodeiidroides,    Rhombopora — II.,    57,   89, 
90,  91,  93,  95,  100,  102,  132,  199,  294,  298,  322, 
323.  367,  382,  393,  396,  397,  398 
Lepidastrobus/  II.,  18,  123,  163,  348,  350 
Lcptwiia  deltoidea,  II.,  233,  234,   236 

sericea,  II.,  233,  236,  239,  240 
Levis's  Coal,  Jackson  Co.,  II.,  79 
Lewis  Mountain  Ore,  I.,  64,  65 


INDEX. 


431 


Lewis  Mountain  Ore,  Analysis  of,  I.,  64,  65 

Specular  Ore  in  Porphyry  at,  I.,  122 
Lexington,   Lafayette  Co.,  II.,  46,  50,  53,  55,  57, 

147,  168,  169,  192,  193 
Coal,  II.,  47,  50,  65,  69,  71 
Coal  Co.'s  Coal,  II.,  55,  56 
Analysis  of,  II.,  56 
Section  at,  II.,  50 
Section  on  Lexington  &  Greenton  road,  6  miles 

south  of,  II.,  81 

Section  eight  miles  south-east  of,  II.,  57 
Lexinglonciisis,  Cardium— II.,  29,  61,  178,  181, 

182 
Liberty   Landing,  Clay  Co.,  II.,  94,  93,  100, 

i53.  167,  325 
Section  at,  II.,  100,  322 
Section  one  half  mile  east  of,  II.,  319,  320 
Lignelite,  II.,  253 
Lima  retifera,  II.,  88,  89,  131 
Limestone,  Archimedes,   II.,  251,  253,  254,  255, 

256,  284,  285,  287 
"Bethany  Falls,"  II.,  76,   77,   79,   80,   97,    167, 

203 

Black  River  and  Birdseye,  II.,  226,  230 
Blue,  II.,  138 

Burlington,  II.,  13,  160,  205,  209 
Chouteau,   II.,    158,  159,  160,  162,  205,  221,  222, 
239.  240,  244,  245,  246,  247,  248,  249,  250,  251, 
252 
on  Clear  Fork,  six  miles  north  of  Knob  Noster, 

II.,  206 

Beds  of  Coal-measures,  II.,  8 
in  the  Coal-measures,  Lincoln  Co.,  Analysis  of, 

II. ,287 

Coal-measure,  II.,  414 
of  the  middle  Coal-measures,  II.,  144 
Crinqidal,  II.,  167 

Encrinital,  I.,  175,  187  ;  II.,  14,  36,  38,  222,  246, 
248,  249,   250,  251,  252,  266,  267,  269,  271,  273, 
275,  276,  277,  279,  284,  286.  287,  288 
Gray,  II.,  138 
in  Holt  Co.,  II.,  374 
Hydraulic — II.,  137,  138,  145 
in  Kirtley's  Quarry,  II.,  97 
from  Iron  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  38 
Keokuk— II.,  16 
in  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  287 
First  Magnesian — II.,  158,  227,  228,  230,  235,  246, 

286 

Second  Magnesian — I.,  125  ;  II.,  222.  223 
Third  Magnesian — I.,  5,  129,  131,  146,  157,  176, 

179,  180,  182,  184,  186,  189,  190 
Metamorphic  at  Marble's  &  Huff's,  I.,  23,  24 
Metamorphic,  Analysis  of,  I.,  26,  39 
Onondaga,  II.,  221,  240,  242,  244,  286 
Oolitic,  II.,  97,  104,  107,  108,  in,  125,  167 
Plattsburgh,  II.,  in,  112 
Quarry  at  Osborn's,  II.,  47 
Receptaculite — II.,  220,  236,  238,  282,  285,  288 
Saccharoidal — II.,  222,  224,  227,  228,  246,  289 
of  St.  Joseph  Bridge,  Analysis  of,  I.,  38 
St.   Louis — II.,   16,   253,  255,  256,  257,  259,  260, 

287 

Subcarboniferous — II.,  265,  280,  285 
Spathic — II.,  131 
Strength  of,  II.,  411 
Trenton — IL,  217,   220,  223,  226,  230,  232,  233, 

235i  236,  238,  239,  240,  241,  281,  285,  286 
at  Warsaw,  II.,  16 
at  Weston,  II.,  120 

Limoiiit <•,  Description  of,  I.,  51,  52 
in  the  Central  Ore  District,  I.,  90 
Franklin  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  89,  90 
on  the  Osage  River,  I.,  90,  0.1,  92 
on  the  Osage  River.  Analysis  of,  I.,  91 
in  Missouri.  I.,  45,  46,  47 
with  Quartz,  I.,  13 

in  the  South-eastern  District,  I.,  87,  88,  89 
Analysis  of,  I.,  88.  89 

lineal  us,  Spirifer — II.,  27,  30,  62,  70,  77,  78,  81, 
91,  92,   100.  113,    159,   176,  177,  180,   181,  183, 
186,  187,   188,   190,  191,  192,  193,  198,  199,  200, 
301,  302,  306,  308,  310,  323,  349.  367,  392 
Lincoln  Co. 

Moscow,  II.,  217,  251,  254,  255 
Snowhill,  II.,  235,  240,  244 


Lincoln  Co.,  Auburn,  II.,  235,  236 
Clarksville,  II.,  235 
New  Hope,  II.,  238,  239,  243,  248 
Cap  an  Gres,  II.,  247,  260 
Louisville,  II.,  247 
Chain-of-Rocks,  II.,  253,  254,  257 
Chantilly,  II.,  260 
Troy,  II.,  260,  286,  287 
Wentzille,  II.,  260 

Bluff  or  Loess  Formation  in,  II.,  260 
Building  Material  in,  II.,  285 
Coal  in,  II.,  263,  280,  281 
Coal  Co.,  II.,  277,  281 
Coal,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35 
Coal-measures  in,  II.,  221,  222,  258,  280 
Area  of  Coal-measures,  II.,  5 
Geology  of,  II.,  217 
Glass-sand  in,  II.,  289 
Lime  in,  II.,  287 
Lead  in,  II.,  285 
Quaternary  Deposits  in,  II.,  260 
Lindsey  Bank,  I.,  179 

Liiigula    (sp.  undet.),   II.,  60,  89,  92,   100,   125, 
132,    150,   164,    172,  174,  189,  191,  322,  369,  394, 
396,  397,  4°o 
carbonaria,  II.,  180,  187 
Link's  Coal,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  271 
Analysis  of,  I.,  35,  36 ;    II.,  273,  274 
Specific  Gravity  of,  I.,  37 
Link's  Branch  of  Coon  Creek,  Section  at,  II. 

272,  273 

Linn's  Coal,  Chariton  Co.,  I.,  34  ;  II.,  265 
Analysis  of,  I.,  36 ;  II.,  72 
for  Coke,  I.,  32 
Linn  Creek  Bank,  I.,  168 
Lingula  spatulata,  II.,  243,  244,  246 
List  of  Deposits  of  Iron  Ores,  and  their  Localities, 

I.,  193-214 
of  B'ossils  from  the  Coal-measures  of  Missouri, 

II.,  416 
Lithostrotion  Jsp.  undet.),  II.,  16,  256 

Canadensis,  II.,  255 
Little  Blue,  Jackson  Co.,  Coal  above  the  mouth 

of,  II.,  76 

Section  above  the  mouth  of,  II.,  76 
Little  Conipton,  Carroll  Co.,  II.,  148,  150 
Coal,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36  ;  II.,  74 
Section  on  Grand  River,  near,  II.,  150,  151 
Little  Maiiqua  Bank,  I.,  189 
Little  Sniabar,  Coal  near,  II.,  193,  194 

Section  on,  II.,  56 

Livingston  Co.,  Mooresville,  II.,  141 
Bedford,  II.,  144,  307 
Chillicothe,  II.,  155,  290,  313 
Spring  Hill,  II.,  292,  295,  297 
Utica,  II.,  294,  299,  303,  312 
Building-Rock  in,  II.,  311 
Coal,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 
Drift  in,  II.,  292 
General  Section  of,  II.,  293 
Geology  of,  II.,  290 
Quaternary  Deposits  in,  II.,  292 
Soil  of,  II.,  312 
Streams  in,  II.,  292 
Timber  and  Prairie  in,  II.,  289 
Upp_er  Carboniferous  in,  II.,  292 
Localities  of  Iron-Ores,  List  of,  I.,  193-214 
Lone  Jack,  Jackson  Co.,  II.,  142,  148,  167,  201, 

204 

Building-Stone  near,  II.,  142 
Long's,  Coal  at,  II.,  210 
Zinc-blende  at,  II.,  208 
Lophophyllum   (sp.   undet.),    II.,  72,  73,  77, 

128,  129,  300,  307,  310,  323  j, 

proliferum,  II.,  i8,  46,  57,  58,  60,  89,  91,  93,  96, 
97,  99,  100,  103,  118,  132,  177,  182,  186,  187, 
194,  196,  197,  198,  199,  200,  294,  299,  308,  312, 
320 

Love  Bank,  I.,  179 
Lower  Burlington,  II.,  209 
Black  River  Beds,  II.,  414 
Coal-measures,  Components  of,  IL,  n 
Trenton,  along   Sandy  Creek,   Lincoln  Co.,  II., 

233 

Trenton,  along  Bryant's  Creek,  II. ,235 
Louisville,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  247 


432 


INDEX. 


Loxonema.  (sp.   undet.),  II.,  27,  32,  94,  97,  "3, 
118,  202,  322,  332 

cerithiformis,  ]!.,  30,  183,  igi,  203 

rugosa,  II.,  192,  197,  199 
liutz  Bank,  I.,  179,  191 
Lycophodites,  II.,  18 
Lycopcrdon,  Chsetetes — II.,  236 
Lyoiisia  pretensa,  II.,  183,  199 
Mace's  Dolomite,  Analysis  of,  I.,  6 
Macon  Co.  Coal,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 
Macrodon,  II.,  86,  94,  113,  125,  131,  349 

carbonaria,  II.,  183,  202 

tenuistriata,  II.,  92,  96,  107,  112 
Macrocheilus  (sp.  undet. ),   II.,  88,  89,  94,  112, 
132,   178,  191,  193,  197,  199,  299,  302,  362,  364, 
367,  382,  397 

medialis,  II.,  109 

primogenus,  II.,  88 

ventricosus,  II.,  90,  92,  93,  118,  199 
Magitesian  Limestone,    First,  II.,  158,  227, 
228,  230,  235,  246,  286 

Second,  I.,  125  ;  II.,  222,  223 

Third,  I.,  5,  129,  131,  146,  157,  176,  179,  180,  182, 

184,  186,  189,  190 

Magnetites  at  Cuthbertson's  Bank,  I.,  123 
major,  Phillipsia— II.,  96 
Manganese  Ore  on  Marble's  Land,  I.,  23 

in  Porphyry,  I.,  20,  24 

from  Porphyry,  Reynolds  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  25 
Manganiierous  Hematite  on  Marble's  Land, 
Analysis  of,  I.,  23,  39 

on  Buford  Mountain,  I.,  22 

from  Buford  Mountain,  Analysis  of,  I.,  39 

in  Porphyry,  I.,  20 

at  Ackurst  Bank,  I.,  26,  123 

at  Cuthbertson's  Bank,  I.,  26,  123 

on  Cuthbertson's  Land,  Analysis  of,  I.,  21,  39,  65 
Manly  Branch,  Atchison  Co.,  Section  on,  II.,  386 
Marble,  Cooper,  II.,  158,  159,  162 

Beds  on  the  Big  Muddy,  II.,  205 

of  South-eastern  Missouri,  II.,  415 
Marble's,    Analysis  of   Manganiferous    Iron-Ore 
from,  I.,  39 

Metamorphic  Limestone  at,  I.,  24 

Strike  of  the  Ore  Bed  on,  L,  23 

Marcoiiianus,  Bellerophon — II.,  88,  91,  132,  362 
marginatus,  Caulerpites — II.,  19,  62,  188,  190 
Marioneitsis,  Spirifer — II.,  159,  247,  248 
Marmaduke  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  174 

Analysis  of  brown  Hematite  from,  I.,  43 
Marmaton  River,  Coal  on,  II.,  39 
Martin's  Bank,  Lincoln  Co.,  Coal  at,  II.,  267 
Maryville,  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  389,  401 
Matthew's  Mountain,  Description  of,  I.,  189 
McCausland's,  Sandstone  at,  II.,  41 

Petroleum  at.  II.,  41 

McClellan's  Coal-bank,  Section  at,  II.,  187 
McGuilliam's     Mill,   Holt  Co.,    Section     at, 

II.,  361 

Mclaughlin  Bank,  I.,  179 
Meadow's  Coal,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  263 

Analysis  of,  I.,  36,  37 ;  II.,  264 
Meadow's,  Section  at,  258,  259 
Meddlin's  Coal,  Carroll  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36, 

II-,  59 
Medicine  Creek,  Livingston  Co.,  Coal  at,  II., 

311 

medialis,  Macrocheilus—- II.,  109 
megastylns,  Archaeocidaris — II.,  90,  91,  191,  195 
Meekclla.  (sp.  undet.),  II.,  97,  106,  194,  299,  361, 
392 

striato-costata,  II.,  51,  94,  95,  96,  100,  112,  113, 
192,  194,  199,  300,  302,  319,  323,  335,  381,  383 

striatopora,  II.,  322 

Meekianits,  Poteriocrinus — II.,  160 
Meckii,  Bellerophon — II.,  332 
Mclonitcs,  II.,  16,  256. 
Meramec  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  144 

Section  at,  I.,  145 

Specular  Ore  in  Sandstone  at,  I.,  126 
Meramec   District,   Upper,  Analysis  of  Specular 
Ores  from,  I.,  74 

Mine,  Analysis  of  Hematite  from,  I.,  42 

Pig-irons,  Analysis  of,  I.,  43 

River,  Upper,  Specular  Ores  on,  L,  72,  73,  74,  75 
Mercer  Co.,  Princeton,  II.,  141,  151,  297 


mcsialis,  Producttis— II.,  16 

mcsolobu,  Chonetes — II.,  15,  18,  21,  27,  29,  32,33, 
42,  47,  48,  51,  52,  53,  57,  64,  75,  83,  176,  178, 
180,  181,  183,  188,  189,  190,  194,  259,  297,  299, 
300,  301,  306,  310 

Metallic  Ores  in  Platte  Co.,  II.,  341 
Metamorphic  Limestone,  I.,  23,  24 

Analysis  of,  I.,  39 
Method  of  Analysis  of  Fuels,  I.,  31,  32,  33 

of  determining  specific  gravity  of  Fuels,  I.,  33 
Miami,  Carroll  Co.,  II.,  43, 143 
Saline  Co.,  II.,  48,  148 
Section  at,  II.,  38 
Miehelini,  Orthis— II.,  251 
Middle  Coal-measures,  II.,  45 
General  section  of  the,  II.,  82 
Limestones  of  the,  II.,  144 

Middle  Sandy,  Lincoln  Co.,  Section  at,  II.,  228 
Mill  Creek,  Lincoln  Co.,  Saccharoidal  Sandstone 

along,  II.,  226 
Section  at,  II.,  227 

First  Magnesian  Limestone  along,  II.,  228,  229 
Holt  Co.,  one   mile  below  point  where  it  enters 

the  Bottoms,  Section  at,  II.,  365 
Nodaway  Co.,  Coal  near,  II.,  398 
Miller's  Farm,  Section  at,  II.,  234 
milleporarcus,   Chaetetes— II.,  32,  50,  51,  54, 
56,  58,  63,  64,  65,  70,  77,  80,  82,   144,   169,   176, 
186,    187,    188,    189,   190,    191,    192,    195,    196, 
302 

Milton,  Atchison  Co.,  II.,  154 
Minehalia,  Chenomya — II.,  92,  93 
Mineral  Charcoal,  Analysis  of,  L,  35 
Specific  Gravity  of,  I.,  37 
in  Clear  Fork  Coal,  II.,  211 
in  Warrensburgh  Coal,  II.,  211 

Mineral  Sp- ing  three  miles  north-west  of  War- 
rensburgh, II.,  209 
Minersville,  Coal  at,  II.,  210 

Section  at,  II.,  170 
Missouri  City,  Clay  Co.,  II.,  94,  96,  100,  141, 

325 

Building-Stone  near,  II.,  141 

Section  one-half  mile  above,  II.,  99 

Section  at  east  end  of,  II.,  99 
Missouri  Coals,  Analysis  of,  I.,  34,  35,  36,  37 

Bluffs,  Jackson  Co.,  Springs  at,  II.,  209 

Bluffs,  Buchanan  Co.,  Coal  on,  II.,  349 

Bluffs,  one-half  Mile  West  of  Nodaway  River, 
Holt  Co.,  Section  at,  II.,  366 

Bluffs  on  the  North  line  of  Atchison  Co.,  Section 
on,  II. ,381 

River,  Section  East  of  Sibley  on,  II.,  78 

River,  Descriptive  Sections  along,  II.,  99 

River,  Sand  from,  II.,  206 
Missouriensis,  Athyris — II.,  183 

Discina — II.,  29,  32,  51,  53,  61,  178,  180,  183,  187, 
189,  190 

Cardiamorpha— II.,  48,   61,   83,    181,    183,    185. 

189,  190 

Mitchellini,  Oithis— II.,  38,  39,  160 
Morcasiii  Bend  Bank,  L,  149 
Modiolopsis,  II.,  239 
Montfortianns,    Bellerophon — II.,   42,   77,   96, 

102,  118,  120,  180,  183,  192,  322 

Monoptera  (sp.  undet.),  II.,  92,  94,  95,  112,  120, 
125,  126,  338 

gibbosa,  II.,  92,  199 
Mooresville,  Livingston  Co.,  Building-Stone  near, 

II.,  141 

Morgan  Bank,  L,  168 
Morris's  Iron-ore,  Analysis  of,  I.,  38 

Bank,  Section  of,  II.,  283 
Morrow's,  Samuel,  Platte  Co.,  II.,  112 

Section  at,  II.,  337 

Moscow,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  217,  251,  254,  255 
Moselle  Bank,  No.  9,  description  of,  I.,  146,  147, 
179 

Analysis  of  Pig-irons  from,  I.,  43,  44 
Mound  Group,  Section  of,  II.,  196 
Mount  Rouge  Bank,  L,  149 
Mudd's  Coal  Bank,  II.,  180,  210,  211 
Muddy  Creek,  II.,  33 
mncrospinus,  Zeacrinus — II.,  90,  132,  396 
Mulky  Creek,  Lafayette  Co.,  Coal  at,  II.,   45, 
46,48 


INDEX. 


433 


Mulky  Creek,  Section  at,  II.,  46 
multatteiiuata,  Syringopora — II.,  92,  97,  196, 

322 
Mullen's,  C.  C.,  Henry  Co.,  Coal  at,  II.,  26 

Section  at,  II.,  26 

Mann's  Coal,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  32 
Analysis  of,  I.,  35  ;  II.,  15 
for  Coke,  I.,  32 

Bank,  Henry  Co.,  Section  at,  II.,  15 
Munson's  Coal,  II.,  29 
Murchisonia  (sp.  undet.),  II.,  88,  91,  94, 102,  103, 

109,  187,  198,  234,  236,  322,  392,  400 
Murdoch  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  191 
muricatus,  Productus — II.,  15,  18,  21,  22,  27,  28, 
29,  33.  34,   4°.  43,  48,  72,  73,  176,  177,  178,  i?9, 
180,  181,  182,   183,   185,  187,  189,  190,  191,  300, 
301,  306,  307,  310 
Spirifer — IL,  308 

Murphrey's  Iron-ore,  Analysis  of,  I.,  38 
Murphy's  Hill,  Description  of,  I.,  174,  175 
Murray's  Ford  on  the  Blackwater,  Johnson  Co., 

Coal  at,  II.,  189 

Section  half  a  mile  above,  II.,  189 
Myalina  (sp.  undet.),  II.,  183,  192,  319,  333,  336, 
*  338,  349,  352,  367,  392,  400 
Kansasensis,   II.,  95,  96,   97,  100,   103,  no,  198, 

320,  322 

subquadrata,  II.,  90,  91,   92,  93,  94,  95,  96,  97, 

103,  112,  113,  117,   118,  123,  129,  197,  198,  199, 

200,  320,  322,  332,  333,  338,  350,  366,  380,  383, 

391 

Swallovi,  II.,  89,  92,  94,  95,  96,  97,  102,  106,  112, 

121,  125,  199,  201,  322,  392 
Blyer's  Farm,  between  North  and  Middle  Sandy, 

Lincoln  Co.,  Section  at,  II.,  228 
Mytilus,  II.,  248 

Napoleon,  Lafayette  Co.,  II.,  58,  59,  80,  82,  147 
Section  near,  II.,  58,  59,  80 
Measurements  at,  II.,  82 
Naticopsis  (sp.  undet.),  II.,  95,  97,  102,  103,  109, 

118,  178,  193,  361,  392 

Altonensis,  II.,  27,  88,  90,  91,  132,  177,  392,  400 
Pricei,  II.,  94,  96,  199,  322 
Shumardii,  II.,  394 

ventrica,  it.,  90  A 

Nautilus  (sp.  undet),  II.,  51,  53,  61,  83,  91,  97, 
129,  178,  183,  191,  194,  198,  199,  202,  319,  322, 
332,  400 

decoratus,  II.,  61 
ferratus,  II.,  30,  95,  203,  299 
occidentalis,  II.,  88,  90,  92,  94,  95,  139,  132,  338 
planivolvis,  II.,  181 
Neal's,  Coal  at,  II.,  an 

Nebrascensis,  Productus— II.-,  30,  88,  89,  go,  91, 
92,  94,  95,  96,  97,  ico,  102,  103,  106,  109,  in, 
112,  120,  125,  126,  129,  130,  132,  300,  334,  335, 
337,  338,  363,  364,  365,  366,  367,  368,  392,  393, 
397,  398,  4°i 

Edmondia — II.,  89,  96,  332,  397,  398,  400,  401 
Neff  Coal,  Henry  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35 ;  II.,  25 

Section  at,  II.,  24 

Nesbitt's  Coal,  Callaway  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 
Neuropteris,  II.,  187,  194,  207,  266,  271 
New  Hope,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  238,  239,^48 
Newman  Bank,  1.,  189 
Newport's  Coal,  Pettis  Co.,  II.,  165 
Analysis  of,  I.,  34,  36  ;  II.,  165 
Specific  Gravity  of,  I.,  37 
Nevada,  Vernon  Co.,  Iron   Ores  near,   II.,   149, 

150 
Niagara,  Andrew  Co.,  Analysis  of  Coal  from,  I., 

36  ;  II.,  353 
Section  at,  II.,  353 

nodulifera,  Fistulipora — II.,  88, 89,  90,  91,  92,  93, 
95,  96,  103,  112,  132,  320,  363,  367,  393,  397, 
398 
Nodaway  Co. 

Quitman,  II.,  148,  152,  388,  391,  393 
Bridgewater,  II.,  139,  142,  148,  392,  393,  396 
City  Bluffs,  II.,  132,  152,  391,  394,  399 
Maryville,  II.,  389,  401 
Graham,  II.,  390,  396 
Brick  in,  II.,  399 
Coal,  II.,  398,  401,  402 
Coal,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 
Drift  in,  II.,  390 

28 


Nodaway  Co.,  Geology  of,  II.,  389 

Quaternary  Deposits  in,  II.,  389 

Soil  of,  II.,  402 

Springs  and  Streams  in,  II.,  289 

Timber  and  Prairie  in,  II.,  389 

Topography  of,  II.,  388 

Upper  Carboniferous  in,  II.,  390 
Nodaway  River,  Coal  on,  II.,  6,  398,  399 

Section  east  of,  II.,  126 

Section  one  mile  west  of,  II.,  126 

Formations  along  and  near,  II.,  396 
nodoso-dorsatus,  Nautilus — II.,  332,  383 
Xorris  Bank,  I.,  167 

North  Sandy,  Lincoln  Co.,  ist  Magnesian  Lime- 
stone along,  II.,  228 
North  Branch,  Lincoln  Co.,  Trenton  Limestone 

along,  II.,  232 
"North  Missouri  "  Coal  Mines,  II.,  68,  69 

Junction,  Clay  Co.,  II.,  96 

Coal  near,  II.,  100,  102 

Section  at,  II.,  100,  321 
North  Star  Lauding,  Missouri  River,  Atchi- 

son  Co.,  Section  at,  II.,  378 
Norwood,  C.  J.,   II.,  47,  49 

Notes  by,  II.,  n,  48 

Measurements  by,  II.,  81,  82 

Observations  by,  II.,  30 

General  Section  by,  II.,  50 

Section  at  Berlin  by,  II.,  41 

Section  by,  II.,  57,  58,  62,  76 
Norwood!!,  Productus— II.,  323,  324 
Nncula  (sp.  undet.),  II.,  332,  352 

Beyrichii,  II.,  88,  400 

ventricosa,   II.,  27,  29,  46,  61,  94,  176,  178,  180, 

181,  183 
Nnculana  bellistriata,  II.,  91,  93,   94,  n8,  123, 

183,  192,  201,  250 

Oak  Grove,  Jackson  Co.,  II.,  98,  154 
Oberhnitz  Coal,  Ray  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  34,  37  ; 
II.,  64 

Coal,  Specific  Gravity  of,  I.,  37 

Section  at,  II.,  63 

occidentalis,  Aviculopecten — II.,  91,  92,  95,  96, 
103,  106,  107,  no,  112,  121,  123,  199,  203,  333, 
394,  400 

Nautilus — II.,  88,  90,  92,  94,  95,  129,  132,  338 

Petrodus— II.,  183 
Occnlta,  II.,  346 
Ochre,  brown,  II.,  149 

at  Carpenter's,  II.,  207 

at  Higginbotham's,  II.,  207 

on  Richard's  Land,  south-west  of  Knob  Noster, 
II.,  207 

red,  152,  153,  154,  155 

yellow,  II.,  124,  149,  154,  155 
Ochrey  Earth   in  Metamorphic  Limestone,  I., 

24 
Ogaii's  Coal,  Henry  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35 

Section  at,  II.,  33 
Oil  Rock,  II.,  86 

Old  Copper  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  150,  151 
Old  Digging,  Description  of,  169,  170 
Omaha  Coal  Co.,  Analysis  of  Coal  from,  I.,  36  ; 

II.,  371 
Onondaga  Limestone,  Lincoln  Co.,  221,  240, 

242,  244,  286 
Oolitic  Limestone,  II.,  97,  104, 107,  108,  in, 

125,  167 

Ophileta,  II.,  230 
optimns,  Spirifer— II.,  178 
Orchard  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  135 

Analysis  of  Hematite  from,  I.,  42 

and  Young  Bank,  I.,  167 
Ore  Districts,  Geographical  arrangement  of,  I., 

48 

Ormoceras  tenuifilum,  II.,  233 
Oregon,  Holt  Co.,  II.,  148,  371,  374 

Coal  at,  372,  373 
Ores,  Spathic,  II.,  130 
Organ's  Coal,  Henry  Co.,  Analysts  of,  II.,  27 

Section  at,  II.,  26 

ornata,  Chonetes— II.,  159,  247,  248 
Orth  and  Livering  Bank,  I.,  191 
Orthis,  II.,  159,  248 

carbonaria,  II.,  46,  92,  93,  94,  113,  123,  348,  397 

Michelini,  II.,  251 


434 


INDEX. 


Ortliis,  Mitchellini,  II.,  38,  39,  160 

Swallovi,  II.,  160 

testudinaria,  II.,  236,  238 

subajquata,  II.,  234 

tricenaria,  II.,  234,  236 

Orthoccras  (undct.  sp.),  II.,  88,  96,  97,  197,  198, 
320 

cribrosum,  II.,  27,  30,  46,  61,  89,  94,  95,  97,  103, 
109,  118,  177,  178,  180,  181,  183,  187,  191,  199, 
397 

Orthoceratites,  II.,  230,  232,  233 
Orr's  Coal,  Johnson  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35 

Specific  Gravity  of,  I.,  37 
Osage  Coal  Co.'s  Coal,  II.,  30 

Analysis  of,  I.,  35  ;  II.,  32 

Section  at,  II.,  30 
Osage  River,  Limonites,  I.,  90,  91,  92 

Analysis  of,  I.,  91 

Osage  Ore  District,  outlet  of,  I.,  47 
Osageiisis,   Rhynchonella— II.,   29,   89,   92,    178, 

180,  183,  199,  308,  348,  381,  394,  396 
Osborn's  Limestone  Q,uarry,  II.,  47 
Owcni,  Leda— II.,  93,  118,  332 
Owens'  Coal,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  19,  32 

Coal,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35  ;  II.,  20 

Section  one  and  a  half  mile  above,  II.,  20 
Owsley's  Coal,  Johnson  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35 

Section  at,  II.,  32 
Oxide  of  Iron,  II.,  38,  123,  149 
Ozark  Ridge.  Elevation  of,  II.,  10 
Pacific  Coal  Mines,  I.,  33  ;  II.,  171 

Analysis  of  Coal  from,  L,   35,  36,  37  ;  II.,   171 

Specific  Gravity  of  Coal  from,  I.,  37 
Pacific  Railroad,  Examinations  along,  II.,  82 

General  Section  along,  II.,  167-169 
Paint  Stuffs,  II.,  152,  133 
Pal&eoniscus,  II.,  180 
Palm  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  185 
Parkes  Bank,  L,  174 

Parker's  Q,uarry,  Heavy-Spar  at,  II.,  209 
Parker  &  Russell  Coal,  St.  Louis  Co.,  Analy- 
sis of,  L,  35 

Parkville,  Platte  Co.,  II.,  108,  140,  146,  153,  328, 
329.  338 

Building-Stone  near,  II.,  140 

Section  near,  II.,  108,  109,  339 
Pattonsburgh,  Daviess  Co.,  II.,  154 
Payne's  Coal,  Lafayette  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35  ; 
H-,  47 

Section  at,  II.,  47 
Pecoptcris,  II.,  266 
Peoriense,  Platyostoma— II.,  30, 88,  131,  199,  203, 

322,  364 

pellucidus,  Aviculopecten — II.,  178,  183 
Pentstemon  grandiflora,  II.,  377 
peracuta,  Pinna — II.,  88,  89,  90,  91,  92,  93,  94,  95, 
96,   97,   103,  106,   109,  112,  120,  132,   197,  198, 
322.   337,   361,   365,   369,   380,   383,   392,   4°°, 
401 

Polyphemopsis — II.,  30,  90,  299,  364 
percarinatus,  Bellerophon — II.,  88,  93,  94,  96, 
102,    103,    106,    118,    180,   181,    183,  322,   332, 
362 

Perry's  Coal,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  308 
Perry  Co.,  Brown  Hematite.  Analysis  of,  I.,  43 
Pernopecten  (Entolium) — II.,  159 
Petalodns  destructor,  II.,  95,  109 
Petrodus,  II.,  84 

occidentalis,  II.,  183 
Petroleum  on  the  Causland  Farm,  II.,  41 

near  Blue  Mills,  Jackson  Co.,  II.,  86 
Pettis  Co.,  Dresden,  II.,  157,  159,  160,  165,  520 


Sedalia,  II.,  158,  162,  205 
Georgetown,  II.,  159,  160, 


205 


Lamonte,  II.,  163,  164,  165,  166,  205 
Brownsville,  II.,  36,  37,  38 
Coal  in,  II.,  209,  210 
Coal,  Analysis  of,  I.,  34 
Fire-clay  in,  II.,  206 
Iron  Pyrites  in,  II.,  208 
Phillipsia   (sp.  undet.),  II.,   13,  90,  93,  97,  102, 

177,  192,  197,  198,  199,  248,  322,  338,  385,  397 
Head  of,  II.,  95 
major,  II.,  96 
Glabella  of,  II.,  95,  112 
Pygidium  of,  II.,  95,  161 


Phlox  Walter!,  II.,  291 
Pliysa,  II.,  360 
Pig-Irons,  Analysis  of,  I.,  43 

From  Big  Muddy  Iron  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  44 

from  Irondale,  Analysis  of,  I.,  43,  44 

from  Iron  Mountain,  Analysis  of,  I.,  43 

from  Meramec,  Analysis  of,  I.,  43 

from  Moselle,  Analysis  of,  I.,  43,  44 

from  Pilot  Knob  Iron  Co.,  Analysis  of,   I.,   43, 

44 

from  St.  Louis  Iron  Co.,  Analysis  of,  L,  44 
from  Vulcan  Iron  Works,  Analysis  of,  I.,  43 

Pilot  Knob,  Analysis  of  Clay  from,  I.,  18,  38 
Description  of,  I.,  13 

Description  of  Deposits  of  Specular  Ore  in  Por- 
phyry at,  I.,  113,  114,  115,  116,  117,  118 
Disturbance  of  Porphyry  at,  I.,  17 
Exploration  needed  East  of.  I.,  20 
Inclination  of  Ore  Beds  at,  I.,  13 
Iron  Co.,  Analysis  of  Pig-irons  from,  L,  43,  44 
Jaspery  Porphyry  at,  I.,  16 
Ores,  Analysis  of,  I.,  41,  58 
Ores,  description  of,  I.,  56,  57,  58,  59,  60 
Porphyry  conglomerate  on  top  of,  I.,  14,  15 
Section  at,  I.,  14,  15,  113,  114,  115,  239 
Shaft  at,  I.,  13 
Shape  of  Ore  Bed  at,  I.,  17 
Surface  Geology  of,  I.,  no,  in,  112 

Pincy  Bank,  I.,  168 

Pink  Hill,  Jackson  Co.,  II.,  98 

Pinna,  II.,  319,  320,  332,  338,  349,  383 

peracuta,  II.,  88,  89,  90,  91,  92,  93,  94,  95,  96,  97, 
103,  106,  109,  112,  120,  132,  197,  198,  322,  337, 
361,  365,  369,  380,  383,  392,  400,  401 

Pin  Oak,  Coal  on,  II.,  211 

Pittsburgh  Bank,  I.,  167 

planivolvis,  Nautilus— II.,  181 

plaiiorbiformis,  Goniatites — II.,  61 

planoconvexus,  Spirifer  (Martinia) — II.,  15,  21, 
27,  31,  48,  49,  51,  52,  57,  58,  73,  75,  77,  79,  89, 
93,  99,  180,  181,  182,  187,  188,  189,  192,  196, 
197,  199,  298,  301,  306,  324,  380,  381,  385,  394, 
395,  400 

Planorbis,  II.,  360 

Plants,  List  of  fossil,  II.,  420 

Platte  Co. 

Parkville,  II.,  108,  140,  146,  153,  328,  329,  338 
Waldron,  II.,  in,  112,  134,  140,  333,  334,  338 
Jatan,  II.,  120,  134,  152,  327,  331 
Weston,  II.,  117,  118,  119,  120,  134,  144,  152,  153, 

327,  329,  331,  332,  333,  334,  340 
Farley,  II.,  114,  154,  335 


Beverley,  1 
Rialto,  II., 


334 


Ringgold,  II.,  336 
Union  Mills,  II.,  329,  3; 
Bluff,  or  Loess,  in,  II.,  329 


and  Buchanan  Counties,  Section  near  County 

line  of,  II.,  121 
Coal,  II.,  329,  340 
Drift  in,  II.,  329 
Metallic  Ores  in,  II.,  341 
Quaternary  Formations  of,  II.,  329 
Soil  in,  II.,  242 

General  Section  of,  II.,  329,  330,  331 
Streams  and  Supplies  of  Water  in,  II.,  328 
Timber  and  Prairie  in,  II.,  327,  328 
Topography  of,  II.,  327 
Platte  River  Feiry,  Section  one  mile  below,  II., 

112 

Bridge,  Nodaway  Section  above,  II.,  391 

Buchanan  Co..  Section  on,  II.,  352 
Plaltsburgh  Limestone,  II.,  in,  112 
Platycrinus,  II.,  91,  252 
Platyostoma,  II.,  129,  302 

Peoriense,  II.,  30,  88,  131,  199,  203,  322,  364 
Pleasant  Hill,  Cass  Co.,  II.,  141,  142,  157, 167, 
189,  197,  204,  208,  209,  212,  414 

Building-Stone  near;  II.,  141 

Coal  near,  II.,  198 

Oolitic  Limestone  at,  II.,  97 

Sand  at,  II.,  206 

Section  at,  II.,  197,  198,  199,  200 

Springs  at,  II.,  209 

Pleurophorus  (sp.  undet.),  II.,  89,  96,  103,  197, 
198,  401 


INDEX. 


435 


Pleurotomaria(sp.  undet.),  II.,  31,  46,  49,  60,  88, 

90,  93,  94,  96,   97,  106,  113,  116,  118,  189,  192, 

193,  197,    198,  299,  300,  319,  322,  332,  333,  349, 

394 

carbonaria,  II.,  46,  88,  178,  362 
depressa,  II.,  178,  181 
Grayvillensis,  II.,  180,  187,  191 
speciosa,  II.,  180 
sphaerulata,   II.,   27,  29,  30,  32,  33,  61,  118,  178, 

179,  197,  322 

subconstncta,  II.,  183,  187 
tabulata,  II.,  199 
tumida,  II.,  199,  299,  302 
turbiniformis,  II.,  90,  95,  96,   107,  112,  199,  202, 

Poblick's  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  190 
Polishing  Rock,  II.,  148 
politus,  Goniatites — II.,  61 
Pollock's,  Section  at,  II.,  128,  129 
Polypora  (sp.  undet.),  II.,  91,  397,  398 

submarginata,  II.,  95,  397,  400 

Polyphemopsis  (sp.  undet.),  II.,  96,  102,  106, 
112 

inornata?  II.,  30,  88,  131,  199,  364 

peracuta,  II.,  30,  90,  299,  364 
Pomeroy  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  139,  140 
Porphyry  with   Brown  Matrix  with  crystals  of 
trichnia  feldspar,  I.,  28 

Conglomerate  above  Manganiferous  Bed,  I.,  27 

Deposits  of  Specular  Ore  in,  I.,  94-124 

Disintegration  of,  in  Mass,  I.,  10 

Disturbances  of,  at  Pilot  Knob,  I.,  17 

F.rosion  in,  I.,  9 

Erosion  of,  at  Pilot  Knob,  I.,  17 

Jaspery,  at  Pilot  Knob,  I.,  16 

varieties  of,  I.,  4,  5 
Porter's  Coal,  II.,  35,  36 

Section  at.  II.,  35 
Post  Oak,  Coal  near,  II.,  186 

Section  on,  II.,  186 

Potcriocrinus  Meekianus,  II.,  160 
Pottery  Clay,  II.,  161 

near  Dresden,  II.,  206 

at  Lamonte,  II.,  206 
Pott's  Branch,  Coal  on,  II.,  185,  211 

Section  at,  II.,  185 

Prattenianus,  Productus — II.,  15,  22,  32,  51, 57, 
61,  64,  88,  89,  90,  91,  92,  94,  95,  97,  106,  109,  in, 
112,  113,  117,  121,  126,  127,  129,  132,  150,  177, 

181,  187,  188,  189,   194,  198,  199,  200,  299,  300, 
306,  321,  323,  333,  338,  361,  362,  364,  365,  366, 
368,  381,  382,  383,  384.  394,  395,  396,  397,  400,  401 

Preliminary  Map  showing  the  Distribution  of 

Iron-Ores  in  Missouri,  I.,  47,  48 
pretenga,  Lyonsia — II.,  183,  199 
Pricei,  Naticopsis — II.,  94,  96,  199,  322 
Primrose  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  161 
primogeiiius,  Macrocheilus — II.,  88 
Princeton,  Mercer  Co.,  II.,  151 
Coal  near,  II.,  297 

Section  five  miles  south  of,  II.,  296,  297 
Productus  (sp.  undet.),  II.,  13,  42,  58,  65,  68,  81, 
94,  159,  167,  193,  245,  247,  251,  254,  255,  256, 
324,  368,  380,  381,  382,  385,  392,  397,  398 
Americanus,  II.,  95,  106,  109,  319,  338 
aequicostatus,  II.,  200,  308,  310,  334,  337 
Burlingtonensis,  II.,  13 

Calhounianus,  II.,  89,  132,  381,  382,  383,  384,  398 
concinnus,  II.,  385 

costatus,  II.,  18,  33,  46,  48,  51,  52,  53,  57,  58,  64, 
80,  81,  92,  93,  95,  97,  103,  106,  109,  112,  175, 
17^,  177,  179,  181,  188,  189,  190,  191,  192,  193, 

194,  198,  199,  200,  201,  202,  203,  294,  299,  301, 
306,  310,  312,  319,  321,  322,  337,  338,  339,  367 

Flemmgii,  II.,  13,  161 
mesialis,  II.,  16 

muricatus,  ll.,  15,  18,  21,  22,  27,  28,  29,  33,  34, 
40,  43,  48,  72,  73,.  176,  177,  178,  179,  180,  181, 

182,  183,  185,  187,  189,  190,  191,  300,  301,  306, 
3°7>  3io 

Prattenianus,  II.,  15,  22,  32,  51,  57,  61,  64,  88, 
89,  90,  91,  92,  94,  95,  97,  106,  109,  in,  112,  113, 
117,  121,  126,  127,  129,  132,  150,  177,  i8r,  187, 
188,  189,  194,  198,  199,  200,  299,  300,  306,  321, 
323,  333,  338,  361,  362,  364,  365,  366,  368,  381, 
382,  383,  384,  394,  395,  396,  397,  400,  401 


Productus  Nebrascensis,  II.,  30,  88,  89,  90,  91, 
92,  94,  95,  96,  97,  100,  102,  103,  106,  109,  in, 
112,  120,  125,  126,  129,  130,  132,  300,  334,  335, 

337,  338,  363,  364,  365,  366,  367,  368,  392,   393, 
397>  39?,  4°i 

Norwoodii,  II.,  323,  324 

punctatus,  II.,  65,  76,  90,  92,  94,  95,  97,  103,  106, 

109,  112,  178,  183,  190,  198,  199,  200,  201,  203., 

252,  300,  310,  319,  321,  322,  335,  338,  339,  366, 

367,  396,  398 

Rogersn,   II.,   51,  53,  95,   198,  199,  200,  201,  203, 

306,  319,  322,  349,  392 

semireticulatus,  II.,  33,  64,  73,  81,  89,  93,  130,  133, 

176,  177,  178,  180,  181,  183,  185,  193,  252,  255, 

259,  300,  307,  361,  363,  380,  381,  382,  383,  384, 

398 

symmetricus,   II.,   89,   95,   96,   97,    109,  113,  132, 

322,  338,  363 

splendens,  II.,  46,  77,  89,  91,  92,  93,  95,  96,  97, 
102,  103,  106,  107,  109,  118,  119,  123,  132,  188, 
189,  194,  198,  199,  200,  201,  294,  308,  312,  320, 
321,  322,  323,  324,  334,  339,  348,  352.  365.  393. 
395,  397,  400 

Wabashensis,  II.,  191,  196,  381,  385 
prolifera,  Cyathaxonia — II.,  183 
proliferum,    Lophophyllum — II.,  18,  46,  57,  58, 
60,  89,  91,  93,  96,  97,  99,  loo,  103,  118,  132,  177, 
182,   186,   187,  194,  196,  197,  198,  199,  200,  294, 
299,  308,  312,  320 

Protliyris  elegans,  II.,  89,  397,  401. 
Providencis,  Aviculopecten — II.,  95,  96,  97,  107, 

112,  178,  197 

pseudo-liiieatus,  Spirifer — II.,  13,  16 
Pseudomonotis  (sp.  undet.),  II.,  102,322 

radialis,  II.,  88 

pnberula,  Gentiana — II.,  377 
punctatus,  Productus — II.,  65,  76,  90,  92,  94,  95, 
97,  103,  106,  109,  112,   178,  183,  190,   198,  199, 
200,  201,  203,  252,  300,  310,  319,  321,  322,  335, 

338,  339,  366,  367,  396,  398 
puncttilitcra,  Retzia — II.,  88,  89,  90,  92,  95,  96, 

107,  123,  128,  130,  132,  180,  193,  199,  202,  312, 
348,  349,  363,  365,  396,  397 
Pupa,  II.,  360 

Pygidliim  of  Phillipsia,  II.,  95,  161 
pyrites,  Iron,  I.,  5  II.,  194,  208 
Quarry,  west  of  Amazonia,  II.,  121 

Bowman's,  Sandstone,  II.,  71 

Brown's,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  286 

Carey's,  II.,  204 

L.  T.  Collier's,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  312 

Collier's,  Livingston  Co.,  Section  at,  II.,  301 

Howe's  (now  Dobbs's),  II.,  205 

Heddy's,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  286 

Kirtley's,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  97 

Kirtley's,  Livingston  Co.,  Section  at,  II.,  295 

Lander's,  II.,  121 

of  Limestone  in  Holt  Co.,  II.,  374 

of  Oolitic  Limestone  between  Kansas  City  and 
Parksville,  II.,  107,  108 

Dr.  Rodgers',  II.,  205 

Smith's,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  286 

Ch.  Wurster's,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  311 

Zimmerman's,  II.,  124 
Quaternary  Deposits  in  AtchisonCo.,  II.,  378 

in  Holt  Co.,  II.,  360 

Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  260 

in  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  292 

in  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  389 

of  Platte  Co.,  II.,  329 

Quaternary  Sand,  on  Hudpith's  land,  II.,  78 
Quitmaii,  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  148,  152,  388,  391, 

393 

Coal  near,  II.,  394,  398 

Section  at,  II.,  393 
radialis,  Pseudomonotis— II.,  88 
radiata,  Solenomya— II.,  28,  164,  178 
Kiiilro  i<1  Banks  \o<.  1,  '-J,  and  3,  I.,  167 
Railroad  Bank?  Nos.  4  and  5,  I.,  168 
sagittata.  Viola— II.,  291 

"  Ramey  "  Bank  Coal,  Analysis  of,  II.,  180 
Randolph,  Clay  Co.,  II.,  103,  134,  141,  167,  325 

Building-Stone  near,  II.,  141 

Section  at,  II.,  103,  323 
Ray  Co, 

Camden,  II.,  63,  67,  69,  147 


436 


INDEX. 


Ray  Co.,  Oberholtz,  II.,  63 

Richmond,  II.,  65,  67,  70,  147,  153,  155 

Albany,  II.    98,  gg,  134 

Coal,  II.,  62 

Coal,  Analysis  of,  I.,  34 
Ray's  Coal,  II.,  164,  191 
Rcavis's  Coal,  II.,  211 
Receptaculite  Limestone,  220,  236,  238,  282, 

285,  288 
rectilateraria,  Aviculopecten— II.,  171, 180, 183, 

187,  191 
Red  and  Yellow  Clay  on  Franklin   Craig's 

Land,  on  Copperas  Creek,  II.,  208 
Red  Clay,  Holt  Co.,  II.,  374 
Rces's  Coal,  Plane  Co.,  II.,  340 
veflexa,  Edmondia — II.,  92,  96,  106,  400 
regularis,  Allorisma— II.,  92,  121,  183,  188,  194, 

198,  200 

Residuary  Deposits,  Origin  of,  I.,  8 
reticularis,  Atrypa — II.,  239,  241,  242,  244,  245 
retifera,  Lima— II.,  88,  89,  131 
Retzla,  II.,  348 

punctulifera  (sp.  undet),  II.,  88,  89,  go,  92,  95, 
96,   107,   123,  128,   130,   132,  180,  193,  199,  202, 
312,  348,  349,  363,  365,  396,  397 
Verneuiliana,  II.,  13,  16 
Rhombopora  (sp.  undet.),  II.,  94,  96,  97,   106, 

126,  131,  323,  336,  363,  366,  393,  397 
lepidodendroides,  II.,  57,  89,  90,  91,  93,  95,  100, 
102,  132,  199,  294,  298,  322,  323,  367,  382,  395, 
396,  397,  398 
Rhynchonella  (sp.  undet.),  II.,  97, 198,  200, 202, 

=39 

Cooperensis,  II.,  159 
Osagensis,  II.,  29,  89,  92,  178,  180,  183,  199,  308, 

348,  381,  394,  396 

Rialto,  Platte  Co.,  Section  at,  II.,  334 
Ringgold,  Platte  Co.,  Section  just   above,   II., 

336 
Richard's    Land,  South-west  of  Knob  Noster, 

Ochre  on,  II.,  207 
Richmond,  Ray  Co.,  II.,  65,  67,  70,  147,  153,  155 

Section  one  mile  North-west  of,  II.,  70 
Rich  wood's  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  186 
Roberts  and  Sickles'  Bank,  Coal  at,   II., 

2IO 

Rocks  Above  and  Below  Deposits  of  Specular  Ore 
in  Sandstone,  I.,  126 

of  Missouri  that  admit  of  a  fine  Polish,  II.,  414 
Rock  &  Co. 's  Coal,  II.,  185 

Section  at,  II.,  184 
Rockport,  Atchison  Co.,  II.,  154,  377,  379,  383 

Section  at,  II.,  382 
Rocky   Ford,  on  the  Wakenda   River,   Carroll 

Co.,  II.,  62,  155 

Rodger's,  Dr.,  Q,uarry,  II.,  205 
Rogers!,   Productus — II.,  51,  53,  95,  198,  199,  200, 

202,  203,  306,  319,  322,  347,  349,  392 
rngosa,  Loxonema — II. ,192,  197,  199 

Strophomena — II.,  241,  242,  248 
rngosum,  Cyathophyllum,  II.,  242 
rugosns,    Euomphalus— II.,   57,   88,   96,  97,  106, 

199,  299,  302,  362,  383,  386,  394,  400 
RoH-a  District,  Specular  Ores,  I.,  83,  84 

Specular  Ores,  Analysis  of,  I.,  83 
Rolling   Branch,  Holt  Co.,  Section  two  miles 

south  of,  II.,  369 
Rudy's  Coal,  II.,  183 

Section  at,  II.,  183 
Rulo,  Nebraska,  Coal  at,  I.,  370 
Rundell's  Mill,  Atchison  Co.,   Section  at,  II., 

383 

Rnshville,  Buchanan  Co.,  II.,  123,  345 
Rnssell  No.  2  Bank,  I.,  179 
Saccharoidal  Limestone,  Lincoln  Co.,  222, 

224,  227,  228,  246,  289 
Saccharoidal    Sandstone  along  Mill  Creek, 

Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  226     • 
at  Myer's  Farm,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  228 
near  Sandy  Creek,  IL,  223,  225 
at  Sandy   Branch  of  Anderson's  Fork,  Lincoln 

Co.,  IL,  227 
Salem  District,  I.,  48 

Specular  Ores,  I.,  75,  76,  77,  78 
Specular  Ores,  Analysis  of,  I.,  77,  78 
Saline  Co.,  Miami,  II.,  48,  148 


Saline  Co.,  Brownsville,  II. ,  36,  144,  145,  148, 
152,  iS5 

Coal,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36 

Sally's  Fork  of  Pin  Oak,  one  and  a  half 
miles  north  of  Holden  Section,  on  east  side  of, 
IL,  192 

Sand  Creek,  NodawayCo.,  Coal  near,  IL,  298, 
401 

Section  on,  1 1.,  400 

"  Sand  Caves,"  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  225 
Sand  from  Kansas  River,  II. ,  206 

from  Missouri  River,  II.,  206 

at  Pleasant  Hill,  II. ,  206 

at  Warrensburgh,  II. ,  206 
Sanders  Well,  II.,  83 

Section  of,  II.,  84 
Sandstone,  II. ,  142 

near  Aullville,  II. ,  41 

Berlin,  IL,  41 

Quarry,  Bowman's,  II. ,  71 

near  Butler,  II. ,  41 

of  Coal-measures,  II. ,  8 

Collin's  Quarries  of,  II. ,  36 

Denudation  of,  II. ,  73  . 

at  Grand  Chariton,  IL,  44 

of  Knob  Noster  Quarries,  IL,  205 

at  McCausland's,  II. ,  41 

Strength  of,  II.,  411 

near  Sandy  Creek,  IL,  223 

at  Warrensburgh,  II. ,  41,  205 
Sandy  and  Anderson,  Section  at  Junction  of, 

IL,  236 
Sandy  Branch  of  Anderson's  Fork,  Lincoln  Co., 

Saccharoidal  Sandstone  at,  II. ,  227 
Sandy  Creek,  Lincoln  Co.,  Birdseye  and  Black 
River  Limestone  north  of,  II.,  230 

Saccharoidal  Sandstone  along,  II.,  223,  225 

Sandstone  near,  II.,  223 

First  Magnesian  Limestone  along,  II. ,  227,  228 

Lower  Trenton  along,  IL,  233 

Section  at,  II. ,  225 
Santee  Bank,  I.,  165 

&  Clark's  Bank,  description  of,  I.,  157,  158 
Sanridge's  Coal,  Pettis  Co.,  IL,  164 
Savannah,  Andrew  Co.,  II. ,  120,  140,  145 

Building-Stone  near,  II. ,  140 

Coal  near,  1 1.,  92 
Scaphiocrinus  hemisphaericus,   II. ,  89,  97,  132, 

.  393.  396 

Schizudus  (sp.  undet.),  IL,  92,  94,  97,  103,  125, 
197,  198,  348,  396 

curtus,  II. ,  88,  131,  363 

Wheeleri,  II.,  go,  96,  106 

Scotia  Bank,  No.  1,  Description  of,  I.,  128,  129, 
130,  131 

Specular  Ore  in  Sandstone  at,  I.,  128,  129,  130, 

Scotia  Bank,  No.  3,  Description  of,  I.,  131,  132 

Specular  Ore  in  Sandstone  at,  I.,  131 
Scotia  Ores,  Analysis  of,  I.,  69,  70 
Scotia  Specular  Ores,  Description  of,  I.,  68, 

69,  70 

Seaton  Bank,  I.,  167 
"  Second  Ray  County  "  Coal  Mines,  IL, 

68,  69 
"Second  Sandstone,"  I.,  125,  129,   131,  144, 

145,  146,  162,  163 

Section  at  Allen's,  Nodaway  Co.,  II. ,  398 
at  Amos's,  Jackson  Co.,  II.,  200 
at  Amazonia,  II. ,  125 
two  miles  East  of  Avelin,  II. ,  302 
at  Baker's  Bank,  II. ,  269 
at  Barker's  Creek,  Benton  Co.,  IL,  12 
at  Barlow's  Mill,  on  Rock  Creek,  Atchison  Co., 

IL,  382 

at  Berlin,  II. ,  41 
opposite  Beverly,  IL,  116 
three-fourths  of  a  mile  south-west  of   Bedford, 

Livingston  Co.,  II. ,  307,  308 
at  Big  Creek,  near  Strasburgh,  Cass  Co.,  IL, 

195 

near  Bridge  on  the  Blackwater,  IL,  38 
at  Blue  Mills  Landing,  II. ,  76 
on  Bob's  Creek,  Lincoln  Co.,  IL,  255,  256 
at  Boyce's  Coal  Bank,  II. ,  174 
at  Braddy's  Mill,  Nodaway  Co.,  II. ,  398 


INDEX. 


437 


Section  one  mile  south  of  Bridgewater,  Nodaway 

Co.,  II.,  392 

on  Dr.  G.  M.  Britt's  Land,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  29 
near  the  Mouth  of  Brockman's  Branch,  Holt  Co., 

II.,  367 

west  of  Brush  Creek,  Platte  Co.,  II.,  no 
at  Brush  Creek,  II.,  188 
at  Brushy  Mound,  II.,  39 
near  Brownsville,  II.,  36 
on  Buford  Mountain,  I.,  22 

on  Burdick's  Coal  Bank,  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  400 
at  Calhoun,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  22,  23 
in  R.  R.  Cut,  west  of  Camden,  II.,  69 
at  Camp  Creek,  Clay  Co.,  II.,  324 
near  212  Miie  Post,  Pacific  R.  R.,  just  west  of 

Carbon  Hill,  II.,  182 
at  Cedar  Hill,  I.,  19 
on   the  Bluffs,  Cedar  Creek,  three   miles  north 

Lee's  Summit,  II.,  201 
at  Chain-of-Rocks,  II.,  253 
on  a  Branch  of  Clear  Fork,  II.,  172 
at  Cheeley's  Farm,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  231 
vertical,  of  Shaft  at  Chillicothe,   Livingston  Co., 

II.,  313,  314,  315,  3*6 
at  City  Bluffs,  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  394 
west  of  Clinton,  Henry  Co.,  I.,  21 
at  James  Clark's  Coal  Bank,  II.,  303 
on  the  Clear  Fork  at  Railroad  Bridge,  II.,  171, 

172 
of  Clear  Fork,   five    miles   south-west  of  Knob 

Noster,  II.,  206 

of  Coal-measures  in  Missouri,  II.,  7 
above  Coggswell  Landing,  II.,  79 
at  Collier's  Coal-bed,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  305 
at  Collier's  Mill,  Medicine  Creek,  Livingston  Co., 
•II.,  300 

at  Collier's  Quarry,  II.,  301 
at  Concordia,  II.,  40 
at  Cook's,  II.,  33 
at  Cox's  Coal-bank,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  178,  304, 

3°5 

at  Crooked  River,  II.,  65 
Haifa  mile  from  the  Bluffs  on  Cuivre,  II.,  261 
at  Elijah  Davis' s,  II.,  197 
atThos.  Dillon's,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  25,  26 
on  Dog  Creek,  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  393,  393 
at  East  Fork,  Clay  Co.,  II.,  323 
at  the  Junction  of  East  and  West  Pin  Oak,  II., 

192 

near  Edwards's  Mill,  II.,  49 
at   Ellis's  Farm,  South  Branch,  Lincoln  Co.,  II., 

229 

at  Embree  &  Proctor's,  II.,  78 
near  Farley,  Platte  Co.,  II.,  114 
one  mile  above  Farley,  Platte  Co.,  II.,  115 
one  and  a  half  miles  south-east  of  Farley,  Platte 

Co.,  II.,  341 

west  of  Ferry  Landing,  II.,  53 
at  Forbes,  II.,  127,  128 
one  mile  above  Forbes,  Holt  Co.,  II.,  366 
at  Forest  City,  II.,  129 
one  and  a  half  miles  above  Forest  City,  Holt  Co., 

II.,  362 

at  lower  end  of  Forest  City,  Holt  Co.,  II.,  363 
Haifa  mile  below  Forest  City,  Holt  Co.,  II.,  363 
at  upper  end  of  Forest  City,  Holt  Co.,  II.,  363 
on  Sedgwick  and  Took's  Land,  one  and  a  half 

miles  below  Forest  City,  Holt  Co.,  II.,  364 
at  Fort  Lyon,  Benton  Co.,  II.,  12 
opposite  Fort  Scott  Depot,  Kansas  City,  II.,  106, 

107 

at  Fort  Spring  Branch,  II.,  237,  238 
at  Fort  Spring,  II.,  236 
at  Franke's,  II.,  40 
at  William  George's,  II.,  196 
north  of  Georgetown,  II.,  161 
at  Gikenson's  Ford,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  17 
at  Gillaspie's  Mill,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  298 
at  Gray's,  II.,  32 
on  Graham's  Branch,  II.,  53 
near  the  Hemp  Warehouse,  on  Graham's  Branch, 

II.,  54 

at  Graham's  Mill,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  299 
on  Grand  River,  II.,  73,  74 
on  Grand  River  near  Little  Compton,  II.,  150, 

15* 


Section  at  Goodson's,  II.,  61 
at  Anton  Good's,  II.,  306 
opposite  Hall's  Station,  II.,  353 
one-quarter  of  a  mile  above  Hall's  Bridge,  Atchi- 

son  Co.,  II.,  381 
near  Hambright's,  II.,  79 
at  Hammond's  Ford,  II.,  190 
on  Hannibal  and  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  Livingston 

Co.,  II.,  293 
half  a  mile  below  Junction  of  Hannibal  and  St. 

Joseph  Railroad,  Buchanan  Co.,  II.,  350 
at  Hardwick's  Mill,  II.,  60 
opposite  Harlem,  II.,  103,  104 
general,  of  Henry  Co.,  II.,  23 
at  Hines,  II.,  179 
on  Hinman's  land,  one  mile  below  Hall's  Station, 

Buchanan  Co.,  II.,  352 
at  Holman's,  II.,  56,  57 
west  of  Holden,  II.,  194 
at  Hughes' s,  II.,  33 

of  shaft  at  J.  S.  Hughes's  Coal  Mine,  II.,  66 
near  Hurricane  Creek,  II.,  233,  234 
at  Iowa  Point,  Kansas,  II.,  132,  133 
near  Iron  Mountain,  I.,  7,  10 
of  Deposit  at  Iron  Ridge  No.  i,  I.,  143 
at  Jackson's  Mill,  II.,  18 

one  and  a  half  miles  above  Jatan,  II.,  119,  120 
general,  of  Johnson  Co.,  II.,  28 
at  Jones's  Point,  Holt  Co.,  II.,  360 
at  Kansas  City,  II.,  86,  87,  105,  202 
at  King's  Hill,  II.,  123 
at  King's  Mill,  Atchison  Co.,  II.,  383 
at  Kirtley's  Quarry,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  295 
at  Kirkham's  Coal-bed,  II.,  71 
west  of  Knob  Noster,  II.,  172 
near  Knob  Noster,  II.,  176 

six  miles  south-west  of  Knob  Noster,  II.,  180,  181 
at  the  north  side  of  Knob  Noster,  II.,  239 
at  Kunkel's,  on  Nicholl's  Creek,   Holt  Co.,  II., 

368 

at  Kunkel's  Mill,  Mill  Creek,  Holt  Co.,  II.,  368 
of  Kunkell's  Shaft,  II.,  371,  372,  373   • 
at  Laban  Parks,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  23 
on  B.  J.  Langston's  land,  IL,  177,  178 
at  Leaton's,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  75,  308,  309 
north-west  of  Leesville,  Henry  Co.,  II. ,  13 
at  Lexington,  II.,  50 

eight  miles  south-east  of  Lexington,  II.,  57 
on  Lexington  and  Greenton  Road,  6  miles  south 

of  Lexington,  II. ,  81 
at  Liberty  Landing,  II.,  100 
just  above  Liberty  Landing,  Clay  Co.,  II.,  322 
Haifa  mile  east  of  Liberty,  Clay  Co.,  II.,  319,  320 
at  Link's  Branch  of  Coon  Creek,  II.,  272,  273 
above  the  mouth  of  Little  Blue,  II.,  76 
on  Little  Sniabar,  II.,  56 
general,  of  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  293,  294 
on  Manly  Branch,  Atchison  Co.,  II.,  386 
at  McCausland's  Farm,  II.,  47 
at  Ch.  P.  Martin's,  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  401 
at  McClellan's  Coal-bank,  II.,  187 
at  Meadows's  Bank,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  258,  259 
at  Meramec  Bank,  I.,  145 
at  McGuilliam's  Mill,  Holt  Co.,  II.,  361 
at  Middle  Sandy,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  228 
at  Mill  Creek,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  227 
one  mile  below  the  point  where  Mill  Creek  enters 

the  bottoms,  Holt  Co.,  II.,  365 
at  Miller's  Farms,  II.,  234 
at  Minersville,  II.,  170 

descriptive,  along  the  Missouri  River,  II.,  99 
at  east  end  of  Missouri  City,  II.,  99 
one-half  mile  above  Missouri  City,  II.,  90 
on  the  Missouri  Bluffs,  near  Samuel  Morrow's, 

Platte  Co.,  II.,  337 
on  the  Missouri  Bluffs,  near  Waldron,  Platte  Co., 

II.,  338,  .339 
on   the   Missouri   Bluffs,   one-half  mile  west  of 

Nodaway  River,  Holt  Co.,  II.,  366,  367 
on    the   Missouri    Bluffs,   on   the  north  line  of 

Atchison  Co.,  IL,  381 
of  Morris' Iron  Ore  Bank,  II.,  283 
at  Mulky  Creek,  II.,  46 
at  Mullen's,  C.  C,  Henry  Co.,  IL,  26 
at  Munn's  Coal  Bank,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  15 
at  Murray's  Fork,  on  the  Blackwater,  II.,  189 


433 


INDEX. 


Section  one-half  mile  above  Murray's  Ford,  II. ,189 
at  Myer's  Farm,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  228 
at  Napoleon,  II.,  58 

one-half  mile  above  Napoleon,  II.,  58,  59 
west  of  Napoleon,  II.,  80 
at  Henry  Neff's  Slines,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  24 
at  North  Missouri  Junction,  II.,  100,  321 
at  North  Star  Landing,  Missouri  River,  Atchison 

Co.,  II.,  378 

at  Niagara,  Andrew  Co.,  II.,  353 
east  of  Nodaway  River,  II.,  126 
one  mile  west  of  Nodaway  River,  II.,  126 
at  Oberholz,  II.,  63 
at  Ogan's,  II.,  33 
at  Organ's  Coal  Mine,  II.,  26 
at  Osage  Coal  Co.,  II.,  30 
one  and  a  half  miles  above  Benj.  Owens' s,  Henry 

Co.,  II.,  20 
at  Owsley's,  II..  32 
at  Park's,  II.,  23 

at  Parkville,  Platte  Co.,  II.,  108,  109 
one-half  mile  west  of  Parkville,  II.,  109 
north  of  Parkville,  II.,  339 
at  Payne's,  II.,  47 
at  Pilot  Knob,  I.,  14,  15 
at  Pilot  Knob,  I.,  113,  114,  115 
one  mile  below  Platte  River  Ferry,  II.,  112 
near  the  County  Line  of  Platte   and  Buchanan 

Cos.,  II.,  121 
at  the  Bridge  on  Platte  River,  Buchanan  Co.,  II., 

352 
above  Platte  River  Bridge,  Nodaway  Co.,  II., 

391 

at  Pleasant  Hill,  II.,  197,  198,  199,  200 
at  Pollock's,  II.,  128,  129 
at  Pott's  Branch,  II.,  185 
at  Porters,  II.,  35 
on  the  Post  Oak,  II.,  186 

five  miles  south  of  Princeton,  Mercer  Co.,  IL,  396 
at  Quitman,  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  393 
near  Randolph,  II.,  103 
at  Randolph's,  Clay  Co.,  II.,  323 
at  Rialto,  Platte  Co.,  II.,  334 
one  mile  north-west  of  Richmond,  II.,  70 
above  Ringgold,  Platte  Co.,  II.,  336 
at  Rock  &  Co.  Mines  on  railroad,  two  miles  west 

of  Warrensburgh,  II.,  184 
at  Rockport,  Atchison  Co.,  II.,  382 
two   miles   south  of  Rolling  Branch,  Holt  Co., 

II.,  369 

at  Rudy's,  II.,  18^ 

at  Rundell's  Mill,  Atchison  Co.,  II.,  383 
on  the  east  side  of  Sally's  Fork  of  the  Pin  Oak, 

one  mile  and  a  half  north  of  Holden,  II.,  192 
on  Sand  Creek,  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  400 
of- Sanders  Well,  II.,  84 
on  Sandy  Creek,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  225 
at  the  Junction  of  Sandy  and  Anderson  Creeks, 

II.,  236 

at  Siblev  Landing,  II.,  77 
east  of  Sibley  on  Missouri  River,  II.,  78 
of  well  at  Simmon's  Mountain,  I.,  139 
at  SlagePs  Old  Mill,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  301 
at  Stanley  Coal  Mine,  II.,  62 
two  and  a  half  miles  below  St.  Joseph,  II.,  122 
three  miles  above  St.  Joseph,  II.,  124 
two  and  a  half  miles  below  St.  Joseph,  II.,  349 
one    and   a    half  miles  along   Bluff   above   St. 

Joseph,  II.,  351 

of  Boring  at  St.  Joseph,  II.,  354,  355,  35° 
at  John  Stone's  Coal-bed,   Livingston  Co.,  II., 

3°4 

west  of  Strasburgh,  II.,  196 
at    the  Head  of  Sugar  and  Contrary   Creeks, 

Buchanan  Co.,  II.,  346,  347 
on  the  South  Fork  of  Sugar  Creek,  Buchanan 

Co.,  II.,  353 

near  the  upper  end  of  Sugar  Creek  Lake,  Bucha- 
nan Co.,  II.,  349 
at  Swanwick  Shaft,  II.,  69 
at  the  Bridge  on  the  Tabbo,  II.,  43 
at  Tank,  II.,  121 

on  Tebo  Creek,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  13 
on  Toe  String  Creek,  II.,  308,  310 
near  the  Head  of  Todd's  Creek,  Platte  C*.  II., 

333 


Section  near  the  Mouth  of  Todd's  Creek,  Platte 
Co.,  II.,  336 

at  Dr.  Tuck's,  II.,  36 

at  Turner's,  II.,  72 

on  the  Bluffs  near  Turkey  Creek,  II.,  203 

at  Upson's  Bank,  II.,  274,  275 

at  Utica,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  299 

at  Vergundy's  Mill,  Atchison  Co.,  II.,  384 

half  a  mile  south  of  Vergundy's  Mill,  Atchison 
Co.,  II.,  384 

on  Walnut  Creek,  II.,  174,  177 

at  Waldron,  II.,  in 

one  mile  below  Waldron,  II.,  in 

at  Warrensburgh,  II.,  184 

below  Waverly,  II.,  47 

above  Waverly,  II.,  48,  49 

at  Wellington,  II.,  57 

of  Wellington  and  Greenton  Road,  south  of  Wel- 
lington, II.,  80 

below  Weston,  II.,  117 

above  Weston,  II.,  118,  119 

on  D.  I.  Williams' s  Land,  Benton  Co.,  II.,  12 

on  Williams  Creek,  near  Greenville,  Clay  Co., 
II.,  324 

at  Williamson's,  II.,  27,  32,  33 

at  Vancton,  Holt  Co,  II.,  370 

at  Zimmerman's  Quarry,  II.,  124,  125 

at  Sec.  24,  T.  50,  R.  i,  E.,  II.,  237,  238 

at  south-west  X  Sec.  16,  T.  46,  R.  28,  II.,  195 

at  south-east  %  of  Sec.  16,  II.,  232 
Sedalia.  Pern's  Co.,  II.,  158,  162,  205 
semireticulatus,  Productus — II.,  33,  64,  73,  81, 
89,  93, 130,  133,  176,  177,  178,  180,  181,  183,  185, 
193,  252,  255,  259,  300,  307,  361,  363,  380,  381, 

382.  383,  384.  398 
serieea,  Leptaena — II.,  233,  236,  239,  240 
Shaft  Hill,  Description  of,  170,  171 
Shepherd  Mountain  Ores,  Analysis  of,  I., 
41,  62,  63 

Description  of  deposits  of,  I.,  60,  61,  62,  63,  118, 

119,  120 
Sheldon  Bank,  Analysts  of  Limonite  from,  I.,  43 

Description  of,  I.,  188,  189 
Shuiiiardaiin,  Chonetes — II.,  38,  159,  161 
Shumardi,  Fenestella — II.,  95 

Naticopsis — II.,  394 

"  Shut  In  "  Ores,  Analysis  of,  I.,  39 
Sibley  Landing,  Section  at,  II.,  77 
Sibley,  Jackson  Co.,  II.,  77,  78,  79,  80,  82 

Measurements  at,  II.,  82 

Sigillaria  (sp.  undet.),  II.,  18,  26,  143,  164,  171 
Silvy  Bank,  I.,  179 
Silurian   Sandstone,  formation  of  residuary 

deposits  in,  I.,  12 
Simmon*  Mountain,  Description  of,  I.,  136, 

137,  '39 

Section  of  well  at,  I.,  139 
Singer  Bank,  I.,  179 
sinuata.  Eumicrotis — II.,  198 
Slagel'g  Mill,  Livingston  Co.,  Sectional,  II.,  301 

Coal  at,  II.,  302 
Smith  Banks,  description  of,  I.,  163,  164,  165 

Coal,  Analysis  of,  II.,  65 

Holt  Co.,  Analysis  of,  II.,  370 

Nodaway  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36  ;  II.,  400 

Ray  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  34,  36 

Specific  Gravity  of,  I.,  37 

Mill,  II.,  65 

Quarry,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  286 
Sniithii,  Chonetes — II.,  51,  57,  58,  90,  92,  300,  347, 

382,  384,  395,  396 

Sniabar.  Lafayette  Co.,  II.,  80,  169 
Snowhill,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  235,  240,  244 
Soil  of  Atchison  Co.,  II.,  386 

of  Buchanan  Co.,  II.,  356,  357 

of  Clay  Co.,  II.,  320 

of  Holt  Co.,  II.,  274 

of  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  312 

of  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  402 

of  Platte  Co.,  II.,  242 
Soleniscus  (spec,  undet.),  II.,  198 

typicus,  II.,  199 

sole'iiiformis,  Solenomya — II.,  187,  189,  191 
Solenoinya  (sp.  undet.),  II.,  89,  92,  96,  103,  112, 
183,  203,  337,  338,  367 

radiata,  II.,  29,  164,  178 


INDEX. 


439 


Solenomya  soleniformis,  II.,  187,  189,  191 
Solenopsis  (spec,  undet.),  II.,  88,  131,  364 
Sonora,  Atchison  Co.,  II.,  377 
South-eastern  Limonite  District  Ores,  I.,  87, 
88,  89 

Limonite  District,  Analysis  of  Ores  from,  I.,  88,  89 

Missouri,  Marbles  of,  II.,  415 
South  Sandy,  ist  Magnesian  Limestone  along, 

Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  228 

South-western  Ore-region,  I.,  49 
Sparta,  Buchanan  Co.,  II.,  354 
spatnlata,  Lingula — II.,  243,  244,  246 
"  Spathic  Iron,"  II.,  206 

Limestone,  II.,  131 

Ores,  II.,  150 

Specific  Gravity  of  Fuels,  Method  of  Deter- 
mining, I.,  33 

of  a  few  Coals,  I.,  37 
spccio.sa,  Pleurotomaria— II.,  180 
Specular  Ores,  I.,  47 

Description  of,  I.,  50,  51 


rann     o.,     ecpn     ,    ., 
in  Gasconade  and  Miller  Co.  District,  Analysis 

of,  I.,  84,  85 

Iron  Ridge,  I.,  78,  79,  80 
Iron  Ridge,  Analysis  of,  I.,  79 
Manganiferous,  at  Ackhurst  Bank,  I.,  123 
Manganiferous  at  Cuthbertson  Bank,  I.,  123 
in  Missouri,  I.,  46 
in  Rolla  District,  I.,  83,  84 
in  Rolla  District,  Analysis  of,  I.,  83 
in  Salem  District,  I.,  75,  76,  77,  78 
in  Salem  District,  Analysis  of,  I.,  77,  78 
in  Sandstone,  description  of,  I.,  66,  67,  68,  124, 

125, 126,  127,  128 

in  Sandstone  at  Cherry  Valley,  I.,  131,  132,  133 
in  Porphyry  at  Big  Bogy  Mountain,  I.,  122 
in  Porphyry  at  Buford  Mountain,  I.,  122 
in  Porphyry  at  Cedar  Hill,  I.,  121,  132 
General  Description  of  Deposits  of,  I.,  94,  95,  96, 

97,  98,  99 

at  Hogan  Mountain,  I.,  124 
at  Iron  Mountain,  descriptions  of  Deposits  of,  I., 

99,  ico,   101,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108, 

109,  118,  119,  120 
at  Lewis  Mountain,  I.,  122 
at  Pilot  Knob,  description  of  Deposits,  I.,    113, 

114,  115,  116,  117,  118 

in  Sandstone  at  the  Meramec  Bank,  I.,  126 
in  Sandstone  at  Scotia  No.  I,  I.,   128,  129,  130, 

I?1 

in  Sandstone  at  Scotia  No.  2,  I.,  131 
in  Steelville  District,  I.,  71,  72 
in  Steelville  District,  Analysis  of,  I.,  72 
St.  James  District,  I.,  80,  81,  82,  83 
St.  James  District,  Analysis  of,  I.,  81 
on  the  Upper  Meramec  River,  I.,  72,  73,  74,  75 
and  Red  Hematite  Ores,  Analysis  of,  I.,  42 
spheernlata,  Pleurotomaria,   II.,  27,  29,  30,  32, 

33,61,  118,  178,  179,  197,  299,  322 
Sphenophyllum  (spec,  undet.),  II.,  207,  266 
Spiegeleiseu,  iron  Ore  for  the  Manufacture  of, 

I.,    22 

Spiriler  (spec,  undet.),  II.,  12,  13,  39,  242,244, 
245,  247,  252,  255,  256,  259,  297,  393,  397 

cameratus,  II.,  18,  27,  28,  31,  33,  35,  48,  51,  54, 
57,  58,  62,  64,  65,  70,  72,  75,  76,  81,  89,  90,  91, 
92,  93,  94,  95,  96,  97,  ico,  106,  107,  109,  113, 
123,  125,  126,  130,  132,  176,  177,  178,  179,  180, 
181,  182,  183,  187,  i88j  189,  190,  191,  193,  194, 
198,  199,  200,  201,  294,  301,  306,  307,  308,  310, 
319,  322,  337,  338,  349,  352,  363,  365,  366,  367, 
381,  382,  391,  392,  393,  396,  398,  400 

Forbesi,   II.,  13     , 

Grimesii,  II.,  160 

Kepkuk,  II.,  13 

Leidyi,  II.,  161 

lineatus,  II.,  27,  62,  70,  77,  78,  81,  91,  92,  100, 
"3.  159,  176,  177,  180,  181,  183,  186,  187,  188, 
190,  191,  192,  193,  198,  199,  200,  301,  302,  306, 
308,  310,  323,  349,  367,  392 

Manonensis,  II.,  159,  247,  248 

muricatus,  II.,  308 

optimus,  II.,  178 


Spirifer,  (Martinia)  planoconvexus,  II.,  15,  21, 
27,  3'.  48,  49.  5i»  52,  57.  58,  73.  75.  77.  79.  89, 
93.  99.  J8o,  181,  182,  187,  188,  189,  192,  196, 
197,  199,  298,  301,  306,  324,  380,  381,  385,  394, 
395,  400 

pseudo-lineatus,  II.,  13,  16 
striatus,  II.,  38,  39,  251,  252 

Spiriferina  Kentuckensis,  II.,  27,  70,  89,  91, 
92,  94,  96,  97,  103,  106,  107,  112,  113,  118,  126, 
127,  177,  178,  180,  181,  183,  186,  187,  188,  191, 
193.  '98,  200,  201,  202,  294,  301,  324,  333,  334, 
367,  381,  396 

splendens,  Productus,  II.,  46,  77,  89,  91,  92,  93, 
95.  96,  97,  102,  103,  106,  107,  109,  118,  119,  123, 
132,  188,  189,  194,  198,  199,  200,  201,  294,  308, 
312,  320,  321,  322,  323,  324,  334,  339,  348,  352, 
365.  393.  395,  397,  4°° 
Springs  at  Carpenter's,  one  mile  north-east  of 

Knob  Noster,  II.,  209 
Mineral,  three  miles  north-west  of  Warrensburgh, 

II.,  209 

at  Pleasant  Hill,  II.,  209 
on  Missouri  Bluffs,  Jackson  Co.,  II.,  209 
Spring  Hill,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  292,  295,  297 
Stanley  Coal  Mine,  Section  at,  II.,  62 
Stanton  Hill  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  191 
Steatite  in  Porphyry,  I.,  16 

St.  Charles  Co.,  Area  of  Coal-measures  in,  II.,  5 
St.  Clair  Co.  Hematite,  Analysis  of,  I.,  86 
Steelc's  Coal,  Jackson  Co.,  II.,  78 
Steelville  District  Specular  Ores,  I.,  71,  72 
Specular  Ores,  Analyses  of,  I.,  72 
No.  i  Bank,  description  of,  I.,  152 
No.  2  Bank,  description  of,  I.,  182 
Stlgmaria  (spec,  undet.),  II.,  20,  22,  24, 

144,  176,  207,  306 
ficoides,   II.,   12,  22,  35,  38,  49,  62,  71,  - 

184 

Sandstone,  II.,  23 

Stlgmarloides  (spec,  undet.),  II.,  182 
St.  James  District  Specular  Ores,  I.,  . 

82,  83 

Specular  Ores,  Analysis  of,  I.,  81 
St.  Joseph,  Buchanan  Co.,  II.,  120,  122,  i 
140,  145.  153,  346,  348,  349,  351,  352,  35 
Building-Stone  near,  II.,  140 
Coal  at,  II.,  355,  356 

Section  two  and  a  half  miles  below,  II.,  122 
Section  three  miles  above,  II.,  124 
Section  two  and  a  half  miles  below,  II.,  349 
Section  along  Bluff,  one  and  one  half  miles  above, 

H-,  357 

Section  of  boring  at,  II.,  354,  355,  356 
Bridge  Surveys,  extract  from  report  of,  Buchanan 

Co.,  II.,  351,  357 

Bridge,  Analysis  of  Limestone  from,  I.,  38 
St.  Louis  Co.,  Area  of  Coal-measures  in,  II.,  5 
Co.  Coal,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35 
Gas  Works  Coal,  low  deficiency  of,  I.,  32 
Gas-Works  Coal  (Pittsburgh,  Pa.),  Analysis  of 

I-.  3<5,  37 

Iron  Co.,  Analysis  of  Pig-irons  from,  I.,  44 
Limestone,  16,  253,  255,  256,  257,  259,  260,  287 
Stone's  Coal-bed,  Livingston  Co.,   Section  at, 

II.,  304 
Stratigraphical  Geology  of  Lincoln  Co.,  II., 

220 

Straparollus  umbillicatus,  II.,  97 
Strasburgh,  Cass  Co.,  II.,  153, 166, 195,  196,  211 

Coal  near,  II.,  195 
Streams  and  Supplies  of  Water  in  Platte  Co.,  II., 

328 

in  Clay  Co.,  II.,  318. 
and  Springs  in  Holt  Co.,  II.,  360 
and  Springs  in  Atchison  Co.,  II.,  377 
and  Springs  in  Buchanan  Co.,  II.,  346 
and  Springs  in  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  492 
and  Springs  in  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  289 
Strength  of  Brick,  II.,  412 

of  Building  Materials,  II.,  403 
of  Limestones,  II.,  411 
of  Sandstones,  II.,  411 

striato-costata,  Meekella — II.,  51,  94,  95,  96, 
ico,  112,  113,  192,  194,  199,  300,  302,  319,  323, 
335.  381,  383 
striatopora,  Meekella— II.,  322 


440 


INDEX. 


striatns,  Spirifer — II.,  38,  39,  251,  252 
Strophomena  alternate,  II.,  233,  236,  238,  239, 

240,  242 

depressa,  II.,  244 
rugosa,  II.,  241,  242,  248 
Stylolite,  II.,  252 
Subcarboniferous  Limestone,  Lincoln  Co., 

265,  280,  285 

subconstricta,  Pleurotomaria— II.,  183,  187 
subcuiieata,  Allorisma— II.,  88,  91,  93,  97,  131 
submarginata,  Polypora— II.,  95,  397,  400 
subquadrata,  Myalma— II.,  90,  91,  92,  93,  94, 

95.  96,  97,  102,  103,  112,  113,  117,  118,  123,  129, 

197,   198,  199,  200,  320,  322,  332,  333,  338,  350, 

366,  380,  383,  391 

subtilita,  Athyris— II.,  18,  27,  32,  33,  46,  49,  50, 
51.  52,  57,  63,  64,  77,  79,  80,  89,  90,  92,  93, 
94,  95,  97,  Ioo>  IO2,  103,  106,  107,  109,  116, 
121,  123,  127,  128,  129,  130,  132,  176,  177,  178, 
179,  180,  181,  182,  183,  188,  189,  190,  191,  192, 
*93>  *94>  196,  198,  199,  200,  201,  259,  294,  297, 
298,  300,  301,  302,  306,  312,  320,  322,  323,  333, 
334,  335,  339,  347,  348,  349,  352,  363,  365,  366, 

367,  381,  391,  392,  397,  398,  400 
Subulltcs  elongata,  II.,  236 
enbeequata,  Orthis— II.,  234 
Succiitea,  II.,  212,  346,  360 

Sugar  Creels,  Buchanan  Co.,  Coal  on,  II.,  353 

Section  on  south  Fork  of,  II.,  353 

Lake,  Buchanan  Co.,  Coal  near,  II.,  352 

Section  near  upper  end  of,  II.,  349 
Sngar  River,  Section  at  head  of,  II.,  346,  347 
Sulphur  in  Coal,  I.,  32 

determination  of,  I.,  33 
Surface  Geology  of  Pilot  Knob,  I.,  10,  in,  112 

of  the  vicinity  of  Pilot  Knob,  Map  showing,   I., 

119 

Suture  Joint,  II.,  252 
Swallow,  Prof.,  II.,  86 

Report,  extract  from,  II.,  41 

on  Petroleum,  II.,  71 
Swalloviana,  Aclis— II.,  61,  90,  396 
Swallovi,  Myalina — II.,  89,  92,  94,  95,  96,  97, 102, 
106,  112,  121,  125,  199,  201,  322,  392 

Orthis— II.,  160 

Swanwick  Coal,  II.,  69,  70 
Swanwick  Coal,  Ray  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  34 ; 

II.,  71 

Swanwick  Shaft,  Sections  at,  II.,  69 
Syringopora  (spec,  undet.),  II.,  97,  201,  347    ; 

multattenuata,  II.,  92,  97,  196,  322 
gymmetricus,  Productus — II.,  89,   95,   96,   97, 

i°9,  JI3,  J32,  322.  338»  363 
Synoclatlia  biserialis,  II.,  89,  94,  95,  96,  107,  109, 

1I3,  397 
Syntrilasma  (spec,  undet.),  II.,  94,  129,  362 

hemiplicata,  II.,  88,  91,  92,  95, 113,  119,  121,  129, 
132,  333,  334,  362,  364,  381,  382,  383,  385,  386, 
394.  4°o 

tabulata,  Pleurotomaria — II.,  199 
Talhorst's,  Coal  at,  II.,  211 
Tank,  Section  at,  II.,  121 

Tapscott's  Coal,  Johnson  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I., 
35,  37  :  II-,  196 

Specific  Gravity  of,  I.,  37 

Section  on  Land  of,  II.,  190 
Tar  Springs,  II.,  86 
Tarhorst's  Coal,  Gypsum  over,  II.,  208 
Taylor  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  141,  142 

Rolla  Bank,  I.,  68 
Tebo  Ci-eek,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  14,  24 

Section  on,  II.,  13 

tennistriata,  Macrodon — II.,  92,  96,  107,  112 
tenuifilum,  Ormoceras — II.,  229,  233 
Terebratula  (spec,  undet.),  II.,  159 

bovidens,  II.,  394,  397 
testudinaria,  Orthis— II.,  236,  238 
Thompson's  Bank,  I.,  167 

Coal,  Pettis  Co.,  II.,  163 
Thornton  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  157 
Thurmond  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  150 

Tract,  Lincoln  Co.,  Coal  on,  II.,  278 
Tllclen  Coal,  Lafayette  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35 
Timber  and  Prairie  in  Atchison  Co.,  II.,  276 

in  Buchanan  Co.,  II.,  345 

in  Clay  Co.,  II.,  317 


Timber  and  Prairie  in  Holt  Co.,  II.,  339,  374 

in  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  289 

in  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  389 

in  Platte  Co.,  II.,  327,  328 
Todd's  Creek,  Platte  Co.,  Section  near  head  of, 

IIV  333 

Section  near  mouth  of,  II.,  336 

Toe  String  Creek,  Livingston  Co.,  Coal  at,  II., 
308,  310 

Section  on,  II.,  308,  310 
Topography  of  Atchison  Co.,  II.,  276 

of  Buchanan  Co.,  II.,  344. 

of  Clay  Co.,  II.,  317 

of  Holt  Co.,  II.,  359 

of  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  290 

of  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  388 

of  Platte  Co.,  II.,  327 

of  Coal-measures,  II.,  7 
torquium,  Campophyllum — II.,  96,  103,  106,  108, 

140,  320 
Trenton,  Grundy  Co.,  II.,  153,  156,  295 

Limestone,  Lincoln  Co.,  217,  220,  223,  226,  230, 
232,  233,  235,  236,  238,  239,  240,  241,  281,  285, 
286 

Group,  Lincoln  Co.,  223 
tricenaria,  Orthis— II.,  234,  236 
Troy,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  260,  286,  287 
Tuck's,  Dr.,  Section  at,  II.,  36 
Tucker's  Coal,  Lafayette  Co.,  II.,  55 
tumida,  Pleurotomaria — II.,  199,  299,  302 
turbiniformis,  Pleurotomaria— II.,  90,  95,  96, 

107,  112,  199,  202,  338 
Turkey  Creek  Bank,  I.,  189 

Section  on  Bluffs  near,  II.,  203 
Turkey  Hill,  Description  of,  I.,  190,  191 
Turner's,  Section  at,  II.,  72 
Turrit  ella  1  II.,  199 

Tyler's,  Mrs.,  Coal  Bed,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  19,  7* 
typicus,  Soleniscus — II.,  199 
Ulffer's  Coal,  Buchanan  Co.,  II.,  354 
Ultimate  Analysis  of  Coal,  I.,  37 
umbillicatus,  Straparollus — II.,  97 
umbraculum,  Hemipronites — II.,  161 
Union  Mills,  Platte  Co.,  II.,  329,  336,  338 
Union Idiv,  II.,  212 

iiiiioniformis,  Edmondia — II.,  95,  112,  187 
Uiiio,  II.,  360 
Upper  Coal-measures,  II.,  197 

Thickness  of,  II.,  6 

Section  of,  II.,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,  94,  95, 

96>  97 

Upper  Carboniferous  in  Livingston  Co.,  II., 
292 

in  Clay  Co.,  II.,  318 

in  Buchanan  Co.,  II.,  346 

in  Holt  Co.,  II.,  361 

in  Atchison  Co.,  II.,  379 

in  Nodaway  Co.,  II.,  390 
"Upper  Meramec  "  District,  I.,  149 
Upsoii's    Coal,    Lincoln  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  36; 
II.,  276 

Bank,  Section  at,  II.,  274,  275 
Utica,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  294 

Coal  near,  II.,  299,  303,  312 

Section  at,  II.,  290 
Vauguiidy's  Mill,  Atchison  Co.,  Section  at, 
II.,  384 

Section  one-half  mile  south  of,  II.,  384 
ventrica,  Naticopsis — II.,  90 
ventricosa,  Nucula — II.,  27,  29,  46,  61,  94,  176, 

178,  180,  181,  183 
Macrocheilus — II.,  90,  92,  93,  118,  199 

vera,  Astartella — II.,  93,  95,  118,  123,  197,  332,  350 
Vermicular  Group,  Lincoln  Co.,  222,  223,  235, 

245,  246,  247,  250 
Vermicular  Shales  and  Sandstones  in 

Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  245 
Verneuiliana,  Retzia — II.,  13,  16 

Chonetes — II.,  21,  22,  29,  35,  109,  117,  177,  178, 

179,  180,  183,  188,  191,  298,  333 
Vernon  Co.,  Nevada,  II.,  149,  150 

Brushy  Mound,  II.,  150 

Vertical  Section  of  Shaft  at  Chillicothe,  Liv- 
ingston Co.,  II.,  313,  314,  315,. 316 

of  the  Coal-measures  in  Missouri,  II.,  6 
Viola  delphinifolia,  II.,  291 


INDEX. 


441 


Viola  lanceolata,  II.,  291 

sagittate,  II.,  291 
Vulcan  Iron  Works,   Analysis  of  Pig-irons 

from,  I.,  43 

Wabasliensis,  Productus— II.,  191,  196,  381,  385 
Walker  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  186 
Walter!,  Phlox— II.,  291 

Warrensburgh,   Johnson  Co.,  II.,  41,  43,  144, 
149,  166,  184,  186,  190,  205,  206,  207,  211 

Coal,  I.,  34  ;  II.,  184 

Coal,  Analysis  of,  II.,  211 

Coal  west  of,  II.,  190 

Coal,  Mineral  Charcoal  in,  II.,  211 

Group,  II.,  181 

Mineral  Spring  three  miles  north-west  of,  II.,  209 

Sand  at,  II.,  206 

Sandstone  at,  II.,  41,  205 

Section  at,  II.,  184 
Walnut  Creek,  Coal  near,  II.,  174,  177 

Section  on,  II.,  174,  177 

Zinc-blende  on,  II.,  208 

Gypsum  at,  II.,  208 

Iron  pyrites  on,  II.,  208 
Waddy  Bank,  Section  of,  II.,  268 
Wakenda  River,  II.,  62 

Waldroit,  Platte  Co.,  II.,  in,  112,  134,  140,   333, 
334,  338 

Coal,  three  miles  above,  II.,  94 

Building-Stone  near,  II.,  140 

Section  at,  II.,  in 

Section  one  mile  below,  II.,  in 

Section  on  Bluffs  near,  II.,  338,  339 
Warsaw  Limestone,  II.,  16 
Warren  Co.,  Area  of  Coal-measures  in,  II.,  5 
Waverly,  Lafayette  Co.,  II.,  47,  48,  147 

Saline  Co.,  Coal  near,  II.,  47 

Section  below,  II.,  47 

Section  above,  II.,  48,  49 
Wellington,  Lafayette  Co.,  II.,  57,  80,  98 

Section  at,  II.,  57 

Section  south  of,  on  Wellington  and  Greenton 

Road,  II.,  80 

Wentzville,  Lincoln  Co.,  II.,  260 
Western  (Osage)  Ore-region,  II.,  49 
Westlake's  Coal,  Pettis  Co.,  II.,  165 

Analysis  of,  I.,  34,  37  ;  II.,  165 

Specific  Gravity  of,  I.,  37 

for  Gas  and  Coke,  I.,  32 

Weston,  Platte  Co.,  II.,   117,   118,  119,  120,  134, 
144,  152,  153,  327,  329,  331,  332,  333,  334,  340 

Coal  near,  II.,  340 

Limestone  at,  II.,  120 

Section  below,  II.,  117 

Section  above,  II.,  118 

Section  three  miles  above,  II.,  119 


Westpoi      _,>ckson  Co.,  II.,  94 
West   and  East  Pin.  Oak,  Section  at  Junc- 
tion of,  II.,  192 

Wheeleri,  Schizodus — II.,  90,  96,  106 
White  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  184 

Analysis  of  Limonite  from,  I.,  43 
White  Rock  Quarries,  II.,  43,  44 
Whitfield's  Coal,  Pettis  Co.,  II.,  163 
Wiggins'  Bank,  I.,  149 
W'igwam  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  185,  186 
"\Vilkerson  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  182,  183 
Williams,  D.  I.,    Benton  Co.,  Section  on  land  of, 

II.,  12 

Creek,  near  Greenville,  Clay  Co.,  Section  on,  II., 

324 

Williamsburgh,  Callaway  Co.,  II.,  414 
Williamson's  Coal,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  27,  32 

Coal,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35  ;  II.,  27 

Section  at,  II.,  27,  32,  33 
Wimar  Creek  Bank,  I.,  168 
"Windsor,  Henry  Co.,  II.,  n,  28,  32,  155 

Coal  at,  II.,  28 
Wingfield's,  Mrs.,  Coal,  Johnson  Co.,   II., 

211 

Analysis  of,  I.,  33,  37  ;  II.,  182 

Specific  Gravity  of,  I.,  37 
Wilikler  Bank,  Description  of,  I.,  153 
"Winston,  Daviess  Co.,  II.,  151,  154 
Wurstcr's  Coal,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  306 

Quarry,  Livingston  Co.,  II.,  311 
Yancton,  Nebraska,  Coal  at,  II.,  370 

Section  at,  II.,  370 
Yucca  augustifolia,  II.,  377 

Zaphreiitis  (spec,  undet.),  II.,  13,  160,  188,  190, 
191,  254 

centralis,  II.,  160 

cornicula,  II.,  239,  242,  244 
Zeacrinus  (spec,  undet.),  II.,  199,  393 

mucrospinus,  II.,  90,  132,  396 
Ziegler  Bank,  I.,  149 
Zinc,  II.,  155 
Zinc-blende,  II.,  194,  208 

at  Amos' s,  Jackson  Co.,  II.,  208 

in  Dolomite,  I.,  8 

at  Holden,  II.,  208 

at  Long's,  II.,  208 

on  Walnut  Creek,  II.,  208 
Zimmerman's  Coal,  Johnson  Co.,  II.,  184 

Coal,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35,  37 

Coal,  Specific  Gravity  of,  I.,  37 

Quarry,  Section  at,  II.,  124,  125 
Zoll's  Coal,  Johnson  Co.,  Analysis  of,  I.,  35,  36, 

Specific  Gravity  of,  I.,  37 
Zobphyta,  list  of,  II.,  416 


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